1. POVERTY IN INDIA
Made By:
Lhamu Tshering Lama
Roll No: 85
Tut Group: H-43

2. Relative Poverty
• It refers to the income or asset position of one
class or group of people in comparison with
the other classes or groups, or of one
individual with the others.
• It refers to income inequality.
Absolute Poverty
• Inability to achieve the minimum
requirements of life, health and efficiency due
to very low income or insufficient assets.
• State of deprivation.

3. POVERTY LINE
Rural Areas 2400 calories Rs. 229/month (1993-94)
Rs. 356/month (2004-05)
Urban Areas 2100 calories Rs. 264/month (1993-94)
Rs.538/month (2004-05)

4. Nature & Magnitude of Poverty
1.Poverty Ratio

5. 2.Rural-Urban Break-up of Poverty

6. 3. Regional Variations in Incidence of Poverty
STATE %age of Poor or Poverty Ratio Number of BPL Persons
Orissa 46.4 1.78
Bihar 41.4 3.69
Chhattisgarh 40.9 0.99
Jharkhand 40.3 1.16
Uttaranchal 39.6 0.35
Madhya Pradesh 38.3 2.49
Maharashtra 30.7 3.17
West Bengal 24.7 2.08
Tamil Nadu 22.5 1.45
Gujarat 16.8 0.90
Andhra Pradesh 15.8 1.26
Kerala 15 0.49
Delhi 14.7 0.20
Haryana 14 0.32
Punjab 8.4 0.21

8. VICIOUS CIRCLE OF POVERTY
1. Demand Side of Capital
Underdevelopment
Low Capital Low
Formation Productivity
Low Low Real
Investment Income
Low Demand &
Limited Size of
Market

9. 2. Supply side of Capital
Underdevelopment
Low Capital Low
Formation Productivity
Low Low Real
Investment Income
Low Saving

10. CAUSES OF POVERTY
 Underdeveloped nature of India’s Economy
 Inequalities in income and asset ownership
 Rapid Increase in population
 Unemployment
 Inflation
 Rural Character of Indian Economy
 Sociological reasons

11. MEASURES TO REDUCE POVERTY
I. General Measures
 Accelerating the growth rate
 Emphasis on rural development
 Development of village and small scale industries
 Direct attack on poverty
 Reducing Inequalities in Income
 Limiting growth rate of population

12. II. Special Measures for poverty alleviation &
employment generation in:
a) Rural Areas
1. Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)
• April 1, 1991
• Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP), Training
Rural Youth for Self-Employment (TRYSEM), Development of
Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) and Million
Wells Scheme (MWS).
• Self employment
• For eg: providing sewing machines to poor women, milch
cattle, pair of bullocks to plough the land etc.

13. 2. Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY)
• September 2001
• Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS) and Jawahar
Gram Smridhi Yojana (JGSY) [April, 2002]
• Food security
• Cost sharing 75:25 by Center and State.

14. 3. Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY)
• Health, primary education, drinking water, housing
and rural roads
• Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
o Plains – 1000 persons
o Hilly, desert and tribal areas – 500 persons
• Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (Gram Awas)
o Housing
• Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (Rural Drinking
Water Projects)

15. 4. Indira Awas Yojana (IAY)
• Construction of free houses
• Kuccha Houses Pakka Houses

16. 5. Antyodaya Anna Yojana
• December 2000
• Subsidized food grains to 2 crore people
• Wheat 25kgs @ Rs. 2 per kg
• Rice 25kgs @ Rs. 3 per kg

17. 6. National Food for Work Programme
• November 14, 2004
• Wage employment + minimum nutrition
• Pay = cash + food grains

18. 7. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS)
• February 2006
• Employment to develop infrastructure base
• 100 days guaranteed employment

19. 8. DPAP, DDP and IWDP
• Drought Prone Area Programme; 1973-74
• Desert Development Programme; 1977-78
• Integrated Wastelands Development
Programme (IWDP); 1989-90

20. b) Urban Areas
1. Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana (PMRY)
• Urban areas: 1993-94
• Rural areas: 1994-95
• Self employment to educated unemployed youth

21. 2. Swarna Jayanti Shahri Rozgar Yojana
• December 1997
• Nehru Rozgar Yojana, Urban Basic Services for the
Poor and Prime Ministers Integrated Urban poverty
Alleviation Programme
• Urban self employment and Wage employment

22. 3. Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana
(VAMBAY)
• December 2001
• Construction and upgradation of dwelling
units
• Cost 50:50 by Center and State

23. 4. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban
Renewal Mission (JNNURM)
• 2005-06
• Basic Services to Urban Poor
• Integrated housing and Slum Development
Programme

24. FLAWS OF THE ANTI-POVERTY
PROGRAMMES
Wrong choice of beneficiaries
Inadequate funding
Poor asset Quality
Lack of accountability
Lack of involvement of local community

25. Thank You…..