In general, ecotourism is an insightful, mindful and participatory travel experience to natural and cultural and social environments, assisting the well-being of the local cultures and environments for future generations.
To simplify the term, Ecotourism can be defined in terms of
-environment and
-culture
-orientated travel.
The overall layout of the ecolodge and associated development must reflect the dual purpose of creating an ambient and attractive environment for the visitor as well as protecting the natural features of the site.
To achieve this standard the proponent must demonstrate that some of the following conditions have been created:
Visitor experience and ambience.
Views within the site and to the surrounding landscape have been maximized Adequate shade is provided by the use of vegetation and facility orientation Local winds are funneled for natural ventilation
Individual accommodation units have adequate privacy
Movement around the site and connecting of the various facilities is efficient Environmental Protection.
All special features on the site are protected.
Only essential facilities are constructed adjacent to the beach and other focal points on the site.
The overall footprint of the constructed buildings are kept to a minimum
As the flagship project for the next downtown Boston neighborhood slated for growth, Atlantic Wharf will be the city of Boston’s first LEED Gold mixed-use development. CBT Architects presents a case study on this new one million square foot project that includes approximately 65 residential units, ground-level retail and public spaces, six stories of below-grade parking, and 31 floors of office space that will bring urban activity directly to the Fort Point Channel water’s edge.
The new sustainable development is at the base of a series of restored and renovated historic structures that preserve the texture and streetscape of this site, integrated with a modern highrise glass tower. By preserving the south and east façades of the historic warehouses, using a very energy-efficient curtainwall, and employing green roof technologies, Atlantic Wharf will be the a centerpiece of Boston's green development.
GREEN BUILDINGS
Uses less energy, water, natural resources
Generates less waste
Healthier for people living in it
Energy saved= 30-40% per day
Enhanced indoor air quality, light and ventilation
Potable water saving upto 20-30%
High productivity of occupants
Minimum generation of non-degradable waste
Lower operating costs and increase asset value
In general, ecotourism is an insightful, mindful and participatory travel experience to natural and cultural and social environments, assisting the well-being of the local cultures and environments for future generations.
To simplify the term, Ecotourism can be defined in terms of
-environment and
-culture
-orientated travel.
The overall layout of the ecolodge and associated development must reflect the dual purpose of creating an ambient and attractive environment for the visitor as well as protecting the natural features of the site.
To achieve this standard the proponent must demonstrate that some of the following conditions have been created:
Visitor experience and ambience.
Views within the site and to the surrounding landscape have been maximized Adequate shade is provided by the use of vegetation and facility orientation Local winds are funneled for natural ventilation
Individual accommodation units have adequate privacy
Movement around the site and connecting of the various facilities is efficient Environmental Protection.
All special features on the site are protected.
Only essential facilities are constructed adjacent to the beach and other focal points on the site.
The overall footprint of the constructed buildings are kept to a minimum
As the flagship project for the next downtown Boston neighborhood slated for growth, Atlantic Wharf will be the city of Boston’s first LEED Gold mixed-use development. CBT Architects presents a case study on this new one million square foot project that includes approximately 65 residential units, ground-level retail and public spaces, six stories of below-grade parking, and 31 floors of office space that will bring urban activity directly to the Fort Point Channel water’s edge.
The new sustainable development is at the base of a series of restored and renovated historic structures that preserve the texture and streetscape of this site, integrated with a modern highrise glass tower. By preserving the south and east façades of the historic warehouses, using a very energy-efficient curtainwall, and employing green roof technologies, Atlantic Wharf will be the a centerpiece of Boston's green development.
GREEN BUILDINGS
Uses less energy, water, natural resources
Generates less waste
Healthier for people living in it
Energy saved= 30-40% per day
Enhanced indoor air quality, light and ventilation
Potable water saving upto 20-30%
High productivity of occupants
Minimum generation of non-degradable waste
Lower operating costs and increase asset value
Urban conservation techniques and strategies mainly followed in the INDIA.This is done for my friends in B.ARCH(VIIth semester) JNAFAU & JNTUK.
University.
The term “Vernacular architecture” in general refers to the informal building of structures through traditional building methods without using the services of a professional architect. It is the most widespread form of building .
Vernacular architecture has been growing over time with continuities changes, transformations and adaptations to the different social and economic conditions of each period.
Sustainable architecture is architecture that seeks to minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings by efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, and development space.
Sustainable architecture uses a conscious approach to energy and ecological conservation in the design of the built environment.
The idea of sustainability, or ecological design, is to ensure that our actions and decisions today do not inhibit the opportunities of future generations.
Baker studied architecture in Birmingham and graduated in 1937, aged 20, in a period of political unrest for Europe.During the Second World War, he served in the Friends Ambulance Unit in China and Burma.He worked as an architect for an international and interdenominational Mission dedicated to the care of those suffering from leprosy. He focused on converting or replacing asylums once used to house the ostracized sufferers of the disease - "lepers".He Used indigenous architecture and methods of these places as means to deal with his once daunting problems.
Baker's designs invariably have traditional Indian sloping roofs and terracotta Mangalore tile shingling with gables and vents allowing rising hot air to escape curved walls to enclose more volume at lower material cost than straight walls.Designing and building low cost, high quality, beautiful homes
Suited to or built for lower-middle to lower class clients.
Irregular, pyramid-like structures on roofs, with one side left open and tilting into the wind.Brick jali walls, a perforated brick screen which utilises natural air movement to cool the home's interior and create intricate patterns of light and shadow.
This is a seminar made on sustainable architecture, containing
INTRODUCTION
NEED
METHODS
ELEMENTS
PRINCIPLES
DESIGN STRATEGY
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION
TYPES
EXAMPLES
REFERENCES.
buildings rated by GRIHA and LEED, sustainable buildings around the wold, gre...DhvaniR2
nearly 10 building of India which are rated for green buildings in India by GRIHA and LEED India,
there is 10-10 buildings which are rated by GRIHA and LEED
there is detailed information of each buildings
inforamtion are in form of:
location,
master plans,
sustainavle factors,
unit plans, sections
construction diagrams
sustainable and green factors diagram which effect the building as a elements
Center of environmental science & engineering building IIT, Kanpur
Indian institute of management, Kozhikode
VVIP Circuit house, Pune
IIT, Kanpur
Titan new corporation building, Bangalore
Indira paryavaran bhavan
Teri building, Bangalore
this all are griha rated buildings
Infinity benchmark, Kolkata
CII, Hyderabad
DPR construction phoenix regional office, Arizona
Infosys limited, Mysore
this are the buildings of leed
The majority of India’s architectural heritage and sites are unprotected. They constitute a unique civilisational legacy..This unprotected heritage embodies values of enduring relevance to contemporary Indian society.The objective of conservation is to maintain the significance of the architectural heritage or site.
Significance is constituted in both the tangible and intangible forms. The tangible heritage includes historic buildings of all periods,their setting in the historic precincts of cities and their
Relationship to the natural environment.The overarching objective for undertaking unprotected architectural heritage and sites is to establish the efficacy of conservation as a development goal.
A Self Sustainable Community (Human Settlement) comprising all the activity to a range of Human Scale within the neighborhood interdependent to government or policies.
Urban conservation techniques and strategies mainly followed in the INDIA.This is done for my friends in B.ARCH(VIIth semester) JNAFAU & JNTUK.
University.
The term “Vernacular architecture” in general refers to the informal building of structures through traditional building methods without using the services of a professional architect. It is the most widespread form of building .
Vernacular architecture has been growing over time with continuities changes, transformations and adaptations to the different social and economic conditions of each period.
Sustainable architecture is architecture that seeks to minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings by efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, and development space.
Sustainable architecture uses a conscious approach to energy and ecological conservation in the design of the built environment.
The idea of sustainability, or ecological design, is to ensure that our actions and decisions today do not inhibit the opportunities of future generations.
Baker studied architecture in Birmingham and graduated in 1937, aged 20, in a period of political unrest for Europe.During the Second World War, he served in the Friends Ambulance Unit in China and Burma.He worked as an architect for an international and interdenominational Mission dedicated to the care of those suffering from leprosy. He focused on converting or replacing asylums once used to house the ostracized sufferers of the disease - "lepers".He Used indigenous architecture and methods of these places as means to deal with his once daunting problems.
Baker's designs invariably have traditional Indian sloping roofs and terracotta Mangalore tile shingling with gables and vents allowing rising hot air to escape curved walls to enclose more volume at lower material cost than straight walls.Designing and building low cost, high quality, beautiful homes
Suited to or built for lower-middle to lower class clients.
Irregular, pyramid-like structures on roofs, with one side left open and tilting into the wind.Brick jali walls, a perforated brick screen which utilises natural air movement to cool the home's interior and create intricate patterns of light and shadow.
This is a seminar made on sustainable architecture, containing
INTRODUCTION
NEED
METHODS
ELEMENTS
PRINCIPLES
DESIGN STRATEGY
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION
TYPES
EXAMPLES
REFERENCES.
buildings rated by GRIHA and LEED, sustainable buildings around the wold, gre...DhvaniR2
nearly 10 building of India which are rated for green buildings in India by GRIHA and LEED India,
there is 10-10 buildings which are rated by GRIHA and LEED
there is detailed information of each buildings
inforamtion are in form of:
location,
master plans,
sustainavle factors,
unit plans, sections
construction diagrams
sustainable and green factors diagram which effect the building as a elements
Center of environmental science & engineering building IIT, Kanpur
Indian institute of management, Kozhikode
VVIP Circuit house, Pune
IIT, Kanpur
Titan new corporation building, Bangalore
Indira paryavaran bhavan
Teri building, Bangalore
this all are griha rated buildings
Infinity benchmark, Kolkata
CII, Hyderabad
DPR construction phoenix regional office, Arizona
Infosys limited, Mysore
this are the buildings of leed
The majority of India’s architectural heritage and sites are unprotected. They constitute a unique civilisational legacy..This unprotected heritage embodies values of enduring relevance to contemporary Indian society.The objective of conservation is to maintain the significance of the architectural heritage or site.
Significance is constituted in both the tangible and intangible forms. The tangible heritage includes historic buildings of all periods,their setting in the historic precincts of cities and their
Relationship to the natural environment.The overarching objective for undertaking unprotected architectural heritage and sites is to establish the efficacy of conservation as a development goal.
A Self Sustainable Community (Human Settlement) comprising all the activity to a range of Human Scale within the neighborhood interdependent to government or policies.
Green corridors are linear corridors connecting natural corridors such as river lengths, ridges or valleys,canals, scenic roads or parks, natural reserve areas, cultural objects or historical settlements that are transformed for recreational use along the railway route. As it can be understood from this definition, green roads cover many different uses.
Biologists and landscape ecologists define the green roads as a faunal distribution corridors, as linear natural corridors that connect two or more existing habitats to preserve natural flora and fauna.
Greenways are the integrity of linear open spaces that are planned and managed for ecological, recreational and cultural uses and protected and managed for these purposes. While most of the greenways are for recreation or nature conservation, some of them are planned to cover both.
Greenways planned for recreation allow walking, cycling , organized sports and group activities.
In addition, greenways that can connect with each other connect also with historical or natural objects as they follow natural corridors such as rivers, lakes and ridges.
Branding Mongolia by Design, TEDx Ulaanbaatar Women, 2013Sandra Draskovic
"Today I want to speak about an opportunity for Mongolia to develop unique, authentic, spirited and innovative design sector informed by rich cultural and natural elements of the country. Instead of watching how our aesthetic and visual development environment is being directed by well-off population, we can all work together to encourage creative entrepreneurs, unlock design possibilities, make dialogues between individuals and industry, recognize and promote the best of them and build creative economy as successful asset of the Mongolian economy."
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
3. Sustainability is the capacity to endure.
For people, sustainability is the potential for long-term
maintenance of well being, which has
ecological, economic, political and cultural dimensions.
In ecology the word describes how biological systems
remain diverse and productive over time.
Sustainability economics involves ecological economics
where social aspects including cultural, health-related
and monetary/financial aspects are integrated.
SUSTAINABILITY
people
planet
money
10. Detail of 19th-century painting of Urga (Ulaanbaatar) showing different
styles of traditional architecture in Mongolia
11. 19th-century painting of the Monastery of Sain Noyon Khan showing
different styles of traditional architecture.
12. Ulaanbaatar, the capital city, has been
developed by the general 5 projects
which determine development
tendency. Also, the general
project, which is formed in
1954, reformed in 1963, 1974, 1986 and
2002.
Contrast between historical and future
development of the city, with a focus on
the urbanization of nomadic culture is
more than obvious.
13. An interesting tendency in the beginning
of the 20th century was an experiment
of combining the traditional Asian
architecture with the features of the
Russian architectural style.
Bogdo Khan had his winter palace built
as a Russian "horomy".
14. The ensemble of Ulaanbaatar's downtown
was designed by Soviet
architects, developing the traditions of
Classicism under the conditions of
Socialism (Stalinist architecture).
The Mongolian architects worked to
creatively combine this neo-Classicism
with the traditional features of
Mongolian architecture.
15.
16. The architecture of the 1960s and 1970s
presents the monotony of 4, 5, and 9 storey
apartment blocks with simple rectangular
shapes dictated by the need of cheap and
speedy construction. The looks of cities
became increasingly boring and dull.
Apartment districts were intensively built in all
directions around Ulaanbaatar, including the
area to the south of the Dundgol river, often by
Soviet soldiers. Completely new cities were
founded in Darkhan, Erdenet and Baganuur
during this period.
17. Ulaanbaatar was initially built out of well designed and constructed
mixed use buildings. Today those buildings are certainly in need of
renovation but they are still considered to be in the best locations of the
city while retaining charm and a certain fun factor.
21. Green areas
The urban plans
developed in the 1975s
specified a green corridor
to extend from the far
west of town to the far
east, with a large
pedestrian-only park
centrally located on the
North-South axis of the
city.
23. Green areas
There have been
measures taken to reinstate other parks
throughout the city with
the help of foreign aid
organizations as well as
the Ministry of Urban
Planning and
Development. Upgrading
of some of the
courtyards as well as the
development of a new
park located centrally in
the city.
24. One of the greatest loses in modern times has been the large
“Children's Park” which was secretively walled off and
construction started two years ago to “upgrade” the park.
The Children's Park in 1980. Ulaanbaatar National Archives.
29. Ger settlement is
witness to
urbanization process.
Ger (yurt) communities
continue to mushroom
around the city.
Russian era
apartments still
dominate the
residential areas.
30. There is a growing disconnect between the countryside and the
urban population, everything in Mongolia goes through
Ulaanbaatar, all is decided in the city and all transport links lead to
and from UB.
31. Site analysis: Artificial and man-made environment
2.1. Past and future: history of the site and its visible
traces, public and private interventions and use of the site,
conflicts
2.2. Existing buildings: location, outline, shape, materials,
floor elevations, height, style, density, type, physical
condition, current use and functions, character, energy
consumption
2.3. Hard surfaces public areas, networks: roads, paths
and pedestrian areas, rails, transit lines, sewers, water
lines, gas, electricity, telephone, elevations, capacity, and
conditions
2.4. Fences, walls, decks, urban furniture, other manmade modifications of the environment and landscape,
materiality and conditions
34. Site analysis: Traffic
4.1. Vehicles and movements
4.2. Bus
4.3. Parking
4.4 Noise and pollution
4.5. Conflicts and impacts to environment
35. “You can consider yourself lucky if you spend no more than an
hour to go three kilometres from the Three Dogs circle to the west
junction of Narantuul market. Also, it takes two hours to go the
same distance from the Officer’s Palace to the Eastern Crossroads
junction.”
38. Site analysis: Natural environment
5.1. Sun.
5.2. Wind
5.3. Humidity
5.4. Temperature
5.5. Water and hydrology: Existing water bodies, natural
and man-made drainage channels, flow, capacity, surface
drainage system: directions, amount, erosion, fluctuation of
water (spring-winter), water supply (location, quantity, quality)
5.6. Microclimate
5.7. Soft surfaces public areas: greenery, plans, trees,
grass, animals, Geology and soil, Ecology: dominant plant
and animal communitie
5.8. Ambient air qualities: dust, smells, sound levels,
pollution, color, fog, smoke
5.9. Snowfall and ice
39. The 2012-2016 Action Plan of Ulaanbaatar City Mayor pledges
to develop green areas at 20 percent of Ulaanbaatar’s total
territory.
This year, four new parks will be established and two of which
will be located right among the ger districts. Thus, ger district
residents will be able to visit those two parks and save both time
and money instead of heading to the city center.
A new park will be developed at the 17th Khoroo of Chinggeltei
District, covering 1.6 hectares of land. Based on the natural
spring there, a water pool and fountain will be built and children
as well as the youth will be able to enjoy the
playground, basketball court, cycling path, running path, and the
exercise area for the elderly there.
Another park will be located at Yarmag, around the Nogoon
Nuur (Green Lake) area, covering a hectare of land. The lake will
be restored and so will its beautiful surroundings.
59. According to the plan, zones are to be set up where the air
will be improved, an electricity transmission network in ger
areas will be widened, a research will be run seeking ways
of improving its capacity, electricity prices will decrease 50
percent for those meeting criteria, a construction will start
of the fifth and sixth power stations this year so that to put
into use their first units in 2013. Other action are to connect
low pressure furnaces to partial heating system, to create a
complex of semicoking fuel, to create stoves that work on
gas, to issue government bonds or grant soft loans in order
to get money needed. Within the parliamentary
resolution, the air pollution will be reduced by up to 50
percent in 2011-2012, by 80 percent in 2012-2013, reaching
standards in 2013-2014.
61. Site analysis: Human environment and community
(who, what, how, where, why)
3.1. Cultural data: residents and users population:
age, gender, nationality, numbers, compositions, pattern of
change, social structure, ties, institutions, economic status
and role, organization, leadership, political participation
3.2. Behavior settings: participants, rhythm, diversity of
needs, activities, interactions, stability, conflicts, disability
groups and use of space
3.3. Site characteristics: meanings attached to the
site, symbolic
associations, hopes, fears, wishes, preferences, expectations,
safety, security, health conditions
3.4. Activities and interactions: access, commuting, tourist
wondering, selling, reading, sitting, walking, dogwalking, picnic, gardening, teenager gathering, kids
playing, local elderly, meditating, recreation and sport
68. ZABALEEN, CAIRO, EGYPT
Cairo, home to over 16 million residents, is estimated to
produce some 10,000 tones of rubbish each day.
Remarkably, some 60% of Cairo’s garbage is
collected, mostly by informal garbage collectors known as
the Zabaleen. The Zabaleen use the most simple but
effective methods to keep Cairo’s street clean.
Zabaleen, an Arabic word meaning Garbage collectors, is
a term that has come to refer to a community of Coptic
Christians, who live in the Moqattam village near the
informal settlement of Manshiyat Nasser, and specialize
in waste collection.
69. ZABALEEN, CAIRO, EGYPT
Cairo is a sprawling city of about 18 million people. The
associations representing the zabaleen say they collect
6,000 tons of trash a day, of which 60 percent is food
waste. The system dates to the late 1940s, when peasant
farmers moved to Cairo looking for work. They took over
trash collection and became the zabaleen.
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xlfj9y_garbage-dreams_news
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79. MAKOKO, LAGOS
Makoko is one of Nigeria's best known slums. Many
residents are fishermen and some have migrated from
neighbouring Togo and Benin. Today at least 85,000
Lagosians live in Makoko. They make their living from
fishing. Lagos authorities are trying to evict residents
from the area, citing health concerns among other
reasons. A letter served to residents last year said that
illegal buildings in Makoko were an “environmental
nuisance, security risk and an impediment to the
economic and gainful utilization of the waterfront” and
undermined the “megacity status” of Lagos. Paddlepowered canoes are the main method of Makoko.
80. MAKOKO, LAGOS
Their populations are of a similar size − 60,000 in
Venice, around 80,000 in Makoko − although no one
knows for certain. Both have been threatened: Venice
more by floods than war, and Makoko by its status as an
illegal settlement.
Makoko is very poor. Houses, sleeping several families in
single rooms, share common latrines discharging raw
effluence into rubbish-strewn waterways. Cholera and
malaria are rife,
Machete-wielding men employed by the city of Lagos
severed countless wooden piles, causing the collapse of
hundreds of flimsy timber homes.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90. Nigeria: Makoko, the shanty town on the lagoon
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZfjXgUqux_I
91. TORRE DAVID, CARACAS, VENEZUELA
Torre David, a 45-story office tower in Caracas designed
by the distinguished Venezuelan architect Enrique
Gómez, was almost complete when it was abandoned
following the death of its developer, David
Brillembourg, in 1993 and the collapse of the Venezuelan
economy in 1994. Today, it is the improvised home of a
community of more than 750 families, living in an extralegal and tenuous occupation that some have called a
vertical slum.
92. “Why should the poor live in slums if there are
empty offices in the city?" - Justin McGuirk
http://vimeo.com/48614749
93. “Why should the poor live in slums if there are
empty offices in the city?" - Justin McGuirk
http://vimeo.com/49094660
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100. "Why should the majority of the poor in countries like Venezuela
be forced to live in the slums around the edge of cities if there are
empty office towers in the city centers?,"
101. "When you look inside you will find
that the apartments are actually
like any middle class apartments in
the world, so this is not a slum; the
slum is in your head."