This document summarizes the history and key aspects of infectious diseases. It discusses early concepts from ancient Egyptians and Greeks, major advances in the 19th century including identifying specific bacteria and germs by Koch and Pasteur, the importance of hand washing by Semmelweis, and the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1928. It then outlines Koch's postulates for identifying causative agents of disease and lists risk factors for infection like malnutrition, metabolic diseases, and immunosuppression. The document also describes local and systemic presentations of infection, sources as primary or hospital-acquired, and specific infections like gas gangrene, tetanus, and necrotizing fasciitis. Prevention strategies mentioned include antibiotic pro

1. DR SARAVANAKUMAR

2.  EGYPTIANS
 GREEKS – HIPPOCRATES
 ROMANS – GALEN – LAUDABLE PUS
 19TH CENTURY – KOCHS , LOUIS PASTEUR
 The Austrian obstetrician Ignac Semmelweis-
HAND WASHING
 JOSEPH LISTER
 antibiotic penicillin- Alexander Fleming in 1928

3.  It must be found in every case
 It should be possible to isolate it from the host
and grow it in culture
 It should reproduce the disease when injected
into another healthy host
 It should be recovered from an experimentally
infected host

4.  Malnutrition
 Metabolic disease (diabetes, uraemia, jaundice)
 Immunosuppression (cancer, AIDS, steroids,
chemotherapy and radiotherapy)
 Colonisation and translocation in the
gastrointestinal tract
 Poor perfusion (systemic shock or local
ischaemia)
 Foreign body material
 Poor surgical technique (dead space,
haematoma)

7.  LOCAL AND SYSTEMIC PRESENTATION
 SYSTEMIC – SIRS , MODS
 SOURCE – PRIMARY OR ENDOGENOUS
SECONDARY OR HOSPITAL
ACQUIRED

14.  Gas gangrene
 Tetanus
 Necrotizing fasciitis

16.  Prevention
 Antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment
 Antibiotic policy and guide lines
 Effective wound management