This document provides an overview of a lecture on surgical site infections. The lecture covers: - The history and background of infection in surgery. - Guidelines on hand hygiene and the use of antibiotics to prevent surgical site infections. - Common surgical infections and their management. - Details are given about prominent figures who advanced the understanding of infection, including Ignaz Semmelweis who pioneered hand washing in obstetrics and Robert Koch who established criteria for identifying pathogenic bacteria.

2. Lectures details
• History and background of infection in Surgery
• Significance of Hand hygiene / guidelines
• Surgical site infection / guidelines
• Prophylaxis and use of Antibiotics
• Common Surgical infections and their management -1
• Common Surgical Infections and their management – 2

3.  National lead for GlobalSurg Collaborative
 National Lead with GlobalSurg® for FALCON trial
 Co-Prinicipal Investigator for NRPU grant
 Collaborator for European Coloproctology society, UK
 Colorectal Fellowship, Yonsei University, South Korea
 Fellow of College of Physicians & Surgeons, Pakistan
(Surgery)
 Fellow of Higher education authority of UK (FHEA)
 Member of Royal College of Surgeons, England (UK)
 Member of College of Physicians & Surgeons, Pakistan
(Surgery)
 Member Editorial Board, BMJ case reports since 2011-2014
 Reviewer for Rawalpindi Medical Journal since 2015
Dr. Ahmad Uzair Qureshi

4. PHYSIOLOGY AND PRESENTATION
• Background
• Egyptian Mummification
• The Hippocratic teachings – Wine and vinegar

6. PHYSIOLOGY AND PRESENTATION
• Background
• Egyptian Mummification
• The Hippocratic teachings – Wine and vinegar
• Galen

8. Caliph Harun al- Rasheed
Ar-Rashid (1109–1138 AD).

9. PHYSIOLOGY AND PRESENTATION
• Background
• Egyptian Mummification- EGYPT
• The Hippocratic teachings – Wine and vinegar- GREEK
• Galen- ROME
• Ignaz Semmelweis - AUSTRIA
• Robert Koch – Anthrax / typhoid/ Tuberculosis

11. Ignaz Semmelweis - AUSTRIA
• deadly malady known as “childbed” or puerperal (from the Latin
words for child and parent) fever.
• In the mid-19th century, about five women in 1,000 died in deliveries
performed by midwives or at home.
• The maternal death rate was often 10 to 20 times greater.
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/ignaz-semmelweis-doctor-prescribed-hand-washing/

12. Childbed fever
• “a miserable end it was: raging fevers, putrid pus emanating from the
birth canal, painful abscesses in the abdomen and chest, and an
irreversible descent into an absolute hell of sepsis and death — all
within 24 hours of the baby’s birth.”

13. Cause – Curriculum - Anatomy
• Medical students and their professors at the elite teaching hospitals
of this era typically began their day performing barehanded autopsies

14. Cause – Curriculum - Anatomy
• Medical students and their professors at the elite teaching hospitals
of this era typically began their day performing barehanded autopsies
• Most commonly women dying within the past 24 hours

15. Cause – Curriculum - Anatomy
• Medical students and their professors at the elite teaching hospitals
of this era typically began their day performing barehanded autopsies
• Most commonly women dying within the past 24 hours
• Coming to maternity for deliveries

16. “ Morbid Poison”

18. Published in 1861

19. PHYSIOLOGY AND PRESENTATION
• Background
• Egyptian Mummification
• The Hippocratic teachings – Wine and vinegar
• Galen
• Ignaz Semmelweis
• Robert Koch’s postulate

21. Louis Pasteur
France

22. Joseph Lister
The broken bones (1866)

24. Surgical Site Infections
• SSIs occur within the first 30 days after the operation if no implant is
placed or within 1 year if an implant remains