Surfactant seminar
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
24 likes•2,238 views
This document discusses hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) and the classification of surfactants. It begins by defining surfactants as molecules that absorb at interfaces and have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. It then explains that the HLB scale measures the ratio between these regions, ranging from 1 to 19. Numbers on the lower end indicate water-in-oil emulsifiers, while higher numbers indicate oil-in-water emulsifiers. The document also classifies surfactants as anionic, cationic, amphoteric, or nonionic and lists some common examples and uses of surfactants, such as wetting, emulsification, and detergency.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Surfactant
Surfactants are amphiphilic compounds that lower the surface tension of water and form micelles. They are classified as anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, or nonionic based on their charge. Surfactants exhibit properties like wetting, emulsification, detergency, solubilization, and micellization. Above a critical micelle concentration, surfactant molecules will self-assemble into spherical or rod-like micellar structures in order to minimize the disruption of water molecules. The shape of the micelle depends on the critical packing parameter which is influenced by the surfactant head group size and chain length.
Surfactants
The document defines surfactants as substances that decrease surface tension by absorbing to surfaces/interfaces. Surfactants have a hydrophilic group that attracts water and a hydrophobic group that repels water. This amphipathic structure allows surfactants to position at water-organic interfaces. Surfactants are classified as ionic (anionic, cationic), nonionic, or amphoteric depending on their head groups. Key properties include critical micelle concentration (CMC) and hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB). Surfactants have many applications including detergents, personal care products, paints, food processing, and mining.
SURFACTANTS - Classification and applications
Surfactants, are wetting agents that lower the surface tension of a liquid, allowing easier spreading and dispersion, and can also lower the interfacial tension between two liquids.
Surfactant
A PowerPoint about Surfactant of Alfa Chemistry.
http://www.alfa-chemistry.com/products/surfactant-124.htm
Surfactants
This document discusses surfactants and their properties including critical micelle concentration and hydrophilic lipophilic balance. It describes how surfactant molecules have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions which allow them to accumulate at interfaces. It explains that surfactants exist separately at low concentrations but aggregate into micelles above the critical micelle concentration. The surface tension decreases with increasing surfactant concentration up until the CMC. Micelle formation and solubilization are discussed. The document also briefly mentions solid-gas and solid-liquid adsorption applications of surfactants.
Surfactant
This document discusses various surfactants, solubilizers, and stabilizers used in pharmaceutical formulations. It describes the key properties and uses of cetrimide, sodium lauryl sulfate, sorbitan esters, lecithin, and poloxamer. Specifically, it provides details on their classification, mechanisms of action, physicochemical properties like critical micelle concentration and HLB values, compatibility, stability, safety, and regulatory status. The document is an informative reference on the functions and characteristics of common excipients used in drug delivery systems.
Surface active agents
This document presents a summary of surfactants by Pradeepkumar Yadav and Ramniranjan Jhunjunwala from MSC(II) (Physical Chemistry) at an unspecified college. It defines surfactants as amphiphilic molecules that absorb at interfaces and have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. The document outlines the critical micelle concentration and micellar solubilization. It describes different types of surfactants and some of their properties and applications including wetting, emulsification, foaming, and use in pharmaceuticals.
SURFACTANTS_Types & Uses
This document provides an overview of surfactants, including their classification, production, uses, and market shares. It discusses the main classes of surfactants - anionic, nonionic, and cationic - and examples of each. It outlines the historical development of the surfactant industry, from soap production in the 1940s to the rise of synthetic detergents and changing raw material sources. Currently, the global production of surfactants is approximately 40 million tons per year, with anionic surfactants like soaps and sulfonates making up around 50% of the market and nonionic surfactants comprising about 45%.
Recommended
Surfactant
Surfactants are amphiphilic compounds that lower the surface tension of water and form micelles. They are classified as anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, or nonionic based on their charge. Surfactants exhibit properties like wetting, emulsification, detergency, solubilization, and micellization. Above a critical micelle concentration, surfactant molecules will self-assemble into spherical or rod-like micellar structures in order to minimize the disruption of water molecules. The shape of the micelle depends on the critical packing parameter which is influenced by the surfactant head group size and chain length.
Surfactants
The document defines surfactants as substances that decrease surface tension by absorbing to surfaces/interfaces. Surfactants have a hydrophilic group that attracts water and a hydrophobic group that repels water. This amphipathic structure allows surfactants to position at water-organic interfaces. Surfactants are classified as ionic (anionic, cationic), nonionic, or amphoteric depending on their head groups. Key properties include critical micelle concentration (CMC) and hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB). Surfactants have many applications including detergents, personal care products, paints, food processing, and mining.
SURFACTANTS - Classification and applications
Surfactants, are wetting agents that lower the surface tension of a liquid, allowing easier spreading and dispersion, and can also lower the interfacial tension between two liquids.
Surfactant
A PowerPoint about Surfactant of Alfa Chemistry.
http://www.alfa-chemistry.com/products/surfactant-124.htm
Surfactants
This document discusses surfactants and their properties including critical micelle concentration and hydrophilic lipophilic balance. It describes how surfactant molecules have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions which allow them to accumulate at interfaces. It explains that surfactants exist separately at low concentrations but aggregate into micelles above the critical micelle concentration. The surface tension decreases with increasing surfactant concentration up until the CMC. Micelle formation and solubilization are discussed. The document also briefly mentions solid-gas and solid-liquid adsorption applications of surfactants.
Surfactant
This document discusses various surfactants, solubilizers, and stabilizers used in pharmaceutical formulations. It describes the key properties and uses of cetrimide, sodium lauryl sulfate, sorbitan esters, lecithin, and poloxamer. Specifically, it provides details on their classification, mechanisms of action, physicochemical properties like critical micelle concentration and HLB values, compatibility, stability, safety, and regulatory status. The document is an informative reference on the functions and characteristics of common excipients used in drug delivery systems.
Surface active agents
This document presents a summary of surfactants by Pradeepkumar Yadav and Ramniranjan Jhunjunwala from MSC(II) (Physical Chemistry) at an unspecified college. It defines surfactants as amphiphilic molecules that absorb at interfaces and have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. The document outlines the critical micelle concentration and micellar solubilization. It describes different types of surfactants and some of their properties and applications including wetting, emulsification, foaming, and use in pharmaceuticals.
SURFACTANTS_Types & Uses
This document provides an overview of surfactants, including their classification, production, uses, and market shares. It discusses the main classes of surfactants - anionic, nonionic, and cationic - and examples of each. It outlines the historical development of the surfactant industry, from soap production in the 1940s to the rise of synthetic detergents and changing raw material sources. Currently, the global production of surfactants is approximately 40 million tons per year, with anionic surfactants like soaps and sulfonates making up around 50% of the market and nonionic surfactants comprising about 45%.
Concept of MIcelle & CMC
This document discusses micelles and critical micelle concentration (CMC). It defines micelles as aggregates of surfactant molecules that form in solution above the CMC. The CMC is the minimum concentration of surfactant needed for spontaneous micelle formation. Above the CMC, additional surfactant molecules do not affect properties but may change micelle size or shape. The document outlines factors that influence the CMC like temperature, electrolytes, and hydrocarbon chain length. Micelles can solubilize hydrophobic compounds in their cores and increase drug solubility. The formation of micelles allows modification of drug release profiles and improved drug stability.
SUFACTANTS : ADSORPTION AT LIQUID SURFACE/INTERFACE
This document discusses adsorption at liquid surfaces and interfaces. It defines positive and negative adsorption, where some solute molecules are partitioned in favor of the surface/interface (positive adsorption) while others favor the bulk liquid (negative adsorption). Surfactant molecules that reduce surface/interfacial tension through positive adsorption are also introduced. The document then describes how surfactant molecules have both a polar head and nonpolar tail, and how they orient at interfaces. It discusses micelle formation above the critical micelle concentration and how this affects physical properties. In summary, the document provides an overview of adsorption phenomena at liquid surfaces/interfaces with a focus on surfactant molecules and micelle formation.
Surfactants and their applications in pharmaceutical dosage form
This presentation is very much helpful for the medical students,pharmacists, researchers and other health care providers. i hope it will provide important information regarding surfactants and their applications in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Surfactant and polyphasic system
Surfactant is a surface active agent which are used to prevent surface tension and interfacial tension. It is important prevent interfacial fluidity, it is amphiphilic molecule having Hydrophilic head and Lipophilic tail. It is important for poorly water soluble drug and it is important to influencing water solubility of poorly water soluble drug. It is important to prevent the inter and intra subject variability.
It act as solubilizing agent, suspending and emulsifying agent, stabilizing agent, wetting agent, detergent, Foaming agent.
It is important for preparation of Nanoemulsion, Nanosuspension, Microemulsion.
It is important to show antibacterial as well as antimicrobial activity.
It is important for Novel drug delivery system, oral drug delivery system, Targeted drug delivery system.
It is important to influencing oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drug.
Solubilization
This document discusses various techniques to improve the solubility of poorly soluble drugs, which is important for developing effective dosage forms and achieving desired drug concentrations. It defines solubility and discusses the importance of solubility in drug development. Some key techniques covered are co-solvency, use of surfactants, solid dispersions, complexation, changing temperature, hydrotropy, polymorphism, amorphous forms, solvates, salt formation, and micronization/nanonization. The goal is to select the optimal method for a given drug to enhance dissolution and absorption.
SURFACTANTS
Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions. They are able to interact with both polar and nonpolar substances. Surfactants lower the surface tension of liquids and allow mixtures of normally immiscible substances, such as oil and water, to form stable emulsions. They are widely used in industries such as detergents, personal care products, food, drugs, and others due to properties like wetting, foaming, emulsification, and solubilization. Surfactants are classified based on the charge of the hydrophilic head group into anionic, cationic, nonionic, and zwitterionic types.
SURFACTANT (SURFACE ACTIVE AGENT)AND CLASSIFICATION.pptx
surfactant, also called surface-active agent, substance such as a detergent that, when added to a liquid, reduces its surface tension, thereby increasing its spreading and wetting properties. In the dyeing of textiles, surfactants help the dye penetrate the fabric evenly.
Surfactants and its importance
Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules that lower surface tension between two liquids or a liquid and a solid. They have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. Surfactants are classified as non-ionic, anionic, cationic, or zwitterionic based on the head group. They form micelles above the critical micelle concentration and have uses as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, foaming agents, and in pulmonary surfactants. Some key properties are their ability to lower surface tension, form micelles, and be characterized by their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance number. Surfactants have many applications including as antimicrobials, in personal care products, paints
Determining HLB Value
This presentation is as a preliminary knowledge on how to calculate the HLB value base on Griffin's Methods nor coventional methods
Determination of hydrophilic lipophilic balance value
This document discusses hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values, which enable the selection of suitable surfactants for products. It reviews the importance of the HLB system and methods for calculating HLB values, including via composition or water solubility. Surfactants are classified based on their HLB values and associated applications, such as water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsifiers. The HLB system facilitates comparing surfactants and determining the required HLB value for a given oil to produce a desired emulsion type.
Surfactant
Hydrophilic- Water loving / Oil hating
Hydrophobic- Water hating / Oil loving
Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules composed of a hydrophilic or polar moiety known as head and a hydrophobic or nonpolar moiety known as tail.
The nature and number of polar and nonpolar groups – Hydrophilic, Lipophillic or somewhere in between.
Example - Alcohols, Amines and Acids Changes from hydrophilic to Lipophillic as carbons atoms increasing in their alkyl chain.
HLB SCALE
The document provides information about short term training conducted at Oniosome Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., including topics covered such as calibration of glassware, determination of melting point and solubility of drugs, determination of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value, thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, friability, dissolution, disintegration, and UV spectroscopy. It then discusses the definition of HLB value, how it indicates the polarity of surfactant molecules on a scale of 1-40, and how lipophilic and hydrophilic portions of surfactant molecules affect oil and water solubility. Finally, it outlines methods for determining HLB values and requirements, and applications of surfactants based
Detergency
Detergency is the process of removing dirt and oil from fabric surfaces using surfactants or detergents. The detergent works by reducing the surface tension between the fabric and dirt/oil, allowing the dirt/oil to be converted from a horizontal to spherical shape and more easily removed. Detergent molecules form spherical micelle structures with their hydrophobic tails inward and hydrophilic heads outward. Dirt and oil particles are encapsulated inside the micelle structures and removed from the fabric surface. Detergents are classified as ionic (anionic, cationic, amphoteric) or non-ionic depending on whether they ionize in solution.
Stability of colloids
1) Colloidal particles can be stabilized through Brownian motion if particle collisions do not result in sticking.
2) The key forces between colloidal particles include van der Waals attraction, electrostatic repulsion, steric repulsion, and solvation forces.
3) The stability of colloids is determined by factors such as salt concentration, particle charge (zeta potential), particle size, and addition of flocculating agents which can reduce zeta potential leading to aggregation.
Surfactants in water
This document discusses surfactants in water. It provides an overview of surfactant structure, surface tension, how addition of surfactants affects surface tension, and the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules with a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail that get adsorbed at the water surface. Their addition lowers surface tension by occupying the surface until forming a full monolayer. Above the CMC, micelles form with tails clustered inside and heads facing out. Surfactants can also be used to purify water by removing contaminants via ionic bonding to charged particles.
Thickening agents class ppt
Viscosity imparting agents are used to increase or decrease the viscosity of liquids for cosmetic products. They are classified as viscosity modifiers, which decrease viscosity, or viscosity enhancers, which increase viscosity. Commonly used viscosity imparting agents include hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Thickeners work by modifying the rheological properties and include both natural polymers like cellulose as well as synthetic polymers. Key considerations for thickeners are whether they produce Newtonian or non-Newtonian flow, and if they exhibit properties like shear thinning, elasticity, or thixotropy.
Surface active agents
This document discusses surface active agents, also known as surfactants, which are compounds that lower surface tension between two liquids or a liquid and solid. It classifies surfactants based on their structure and polar head groups. Surfactants have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail, which allows them to align at liquid interfaces. They act by forming micelles that suspend materials by coating them with hydrophilic heads facing water. Surfactants are classified as ionic, including anionic, cationic and amphoteric types, or non-ionic based on the charge of their polar head group.
Acid value
The acid value is a measure of free fatty acids in oils and fats, indicating hydrolysis of triglycerides. It is determined by titrating a sample dissolved in ethanol and ether against potassium hydroxide. A higher acid value means more free fatty acids have formed due to rancidity caused by chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis over time and poor storage conditions. The acid value gives an indication of a fat or oil's age and extent of deterioration.
Surfactnts
Micellization is the process where surfactant molecules spontaneously self-assemble into aggregates called micelles above a critical concentration known as the critical micellar concentration (CMC). Micelles form to minimize contact between the surfactant hydrophobic tails and water. The CMC and micelle size are affected by factors like the surfactant chain length and head group, counter ion type, temperature, and presence of additives. Micelles can incorporate hydrophobic drugs to improve their solubility and stability for drug delivery applications.
Concept of Zeta Potential
This document discusses the concept of zeta potential, which is the electric potential at the boundary between the particle surface and the surrounding liquid. It defines zeta potential and explains factors that affect it such as pH and ionic strength. The document also describes how zeta potential is measured using electrokinetic phenomena like electrophoresis. Finally, it discusses applications of zeta potential measurement and DLVO theory of colloid stability.
Microemulsion by sudarshan aher
Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable transparent (or translucent) dispersions of oil, water, and surfactant, with droplet sizes typically between 10-100 nm. They form spontaneously due to the presence of surfactants and co-surfactants that lower the interfacial tension between oil and water. Microemulsions have advantages over emulsions such as improved drug solubilization, thermodynamic stability, and ease of manufacture. They are widely used in pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and enhanced oil recovery.
Surfactant lec 2.ppt
This document discusses surfactants and their properties. It begins by defining surfactants as compounds that lower surface tension and can act as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents, and dispersants. It then discusses how surfactant molecules are amphiphilic, containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, allowing them to adsorb at interfaces. It describes concepts like critical micelle concentration, how surfactant structure affects this, and applications of micellization. The document also classifies surfactants by their functional properties based on HLB values and by their structural characteristics such as ionic, nonionic and amphoteric types.
More Related Content
What's hot
Concept of MIcelle & CMC
This document discusses micelles and critical micelle concentration (CMC). It defines micelles as aggregates of surfactant molecules that form in solution above the CMC. The CMC is the minimum concentration of surfactant needed for spontaneous micelle formation. Above the CMC, additional surfactant molecules do not affect properties but may change micelle size or shape. The document outlines factors that influence the CMC like temperature, electrolytes, and hydrocarbon chain length. Micelles can solubilize hydrophobic compounds in their cores and increase drug solubility. The formation of micelles allows modification of drug release profiles and improved drug stability.
SUFACTANTS : ADSORPTION AT LIQUID SURFACE/INTERFACE
This document discusses adsorption at liquid surfaces and interfaces. It defines positive and negative adsorption, where some solute molecules are partitioned in favor of the surface/interface (positive adsorption) while others favor the bulk liquid (negative adsorption). Surfactant molecules that reduce surface/interfacial tension through positive adsorption are also introduced. The document then describes how surfactant molecules have both a polar head and nonpolar tail, and how they orient at interfaces. It discusses micelle formation above the critical micelle concentration and how this affects physical properties. In summary, the document provides an overview of adsorption phenomena at liquid surfaces/interfaces with a focus on surfactant molecules and micelle formation.
Surfactants and their applications in pharmaceutical dosage form
This presentation is very much helpful for the medical students,pharmacists, researchers and other health care providers. i hope it will provide important information regarding surfactants and their applications in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Surfactant and polyphasic system
Surfactant is a surface active agent which are used to prevent surface tension and interfacial tension. It is important prevent interfacial fluidity, it is amphiphilic molecule having Hydrophilic head and Lipophilic tail. It is important for poorly water soluble drug and it is important to influencing water solubility of poorly water soluble drug. It is important to prevent the inter and intra subject variability.
It act as solubilizing agent, suspending and emulsifying agent, stabilizing agent, wetting agent, detergent, Foaming agent.
It is important for preparation of Nanoemulsion, Nanosuspension, Microemulsion.
It is important to show antibacterial as well as antimicrobial activity.
It is important for Novel drug delivery system, oral drug delivery system, Targeted drug delivery system.
It is important to influencing oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drug.
Solubilization
This document discusses various techniques to improve the solubility of poorly soluble drugs, which is important for developing effective dosage forms and achieving desired drug concentrations. It defines solubility and discusses the importance of solubility in drug development. Some key techniques covered are co-solvency, use of surfactants, solid dispersions, complexation, changing temperature, hydrotropy, polymorphism, amorphous forms, solvates, salt formation, and micronization/nanonization. The goal is to select the optimal method for a given drug to enhance dissolution and absorption.
SURFACTANTS
Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions. They are able to interact with both polar and nonpolar substances. Surfactants lower the surface tension of liquids and allow mixtures of normally immiscible substances, such as oil and water, to form stable emulsions. They are widely used in industries such as detergents, personal care products, food, drugs, and others due to properties like wetting, foaming, emulsification, and solubilization. Surfactants are classified based on the charge of the hydrophilic head group into anionic, cationic, nonionic, and zwitterionic types.
SURFACTANT (SURFACE ACTIVE AGENT)AND CLASSIFICATION.pptx
surfactant, also called surface-active agent, substance such as a detergent that, when added to a liquid, reduces its surface tension, thereby increasing its spreading and wetting properties. In the dyeing of textiles, surfactants help the dye penetrate the fabric evenly.
Surfactants and its importance
Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules that lower surface tension between two liquids or a liquid and a solid. They have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. Surfactants are classified as non-ionic, anionic, cationic, or zwitterionic based on the head group. They form micelles above the critical micelle concentration and have uses as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, foaming agents, and in pulmonary surfactants. Some key properties are their ability to lower surface tension, form micelles, and be characterized by their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance number. Surfactants have many applications including as antimicrobials, in personal care products, paints
Determining HLB Value
This presentation is as a preliminary knowledge on how to calculate the HLB value base on Griffin's Methods nor coventional methods
Determination of hydrophilic lipophilic balance value
This document discusses hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values, which enable the selection of suitable surfactants for products. It reviews the importance of the HLB system and methods for calculating HLB values, including via composition or water solubility. Surfactants are classified based on their HLB values and associated applications, such as water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsifiers. The HLB system facilitates comparing surfactants and determining the required HLB value for a given oil to produce a desired emulsion type.
Surfactant
Hydrophilic- Water loving / Oil hating
Hydrophobic- Water hating / Oil loving
Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules composed of a hydrophilic or polar moiety known as head and a hydrophobic or nonpolar moiety known as tail.
The nature and number of polar and nonpolar groups – Hydrophilic, Lipophillic or somewhere in between.
Example - Alcohols, Amines and Acids Changes from hydrophilic to Lipophillic as carbons atoms increasing in their alkyl chain.
HLB SCALE
The document provides information about short term training conducted at Oniosome Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., including topics covered such as calibration of glassware, determination of melting point and solubility of drugs, determination of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value, thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, friability, dissolution, disintegration, and UV spectroscopy. It then discusses the definition of HLB value, how it indicates the polarity of surfactant molecules on a scale of 1-40, and how lipophilic and hydrophilic portions of surfactant molecules affect oil and water solubility. Finally, it outlines methods for determining HLB values and requirements, and applications of surfactants based
Detergency
Detergency is the process of removing dirt and oil from fabric surfaces using surfactants or detergents. The detergent works by reducing the surface tension between the fabric and dirt/oil, allowing the dirt/oil to be converted from a horizontal to spherical shape and more easily removed. Detergent molecules form spherical micelle structures with their hydrophobic tails inward and hydrophilic heads outward. Dirt and oil particles are encapsulated inside the micelle structures and removed from the fabric surface. Detergents are classified as ionic (anionic, cationic, amphoteric) or non-ionic depending on whether they ionize in solution.
Stability of colloids
1) Colloidal particles can be stabilized through Brownian motion if particle collisions do not result in sticking.
2) The key forces between colloidal particles include van der Waals attraction, electrostatic repulsion, steric repulsion, and solvation forces.
3) The stability of colloids is determined by factors such as salt concentration, particle charge (zeta potential), particle size, and addition of flocculating agents which can reduce zeta potential leading to aggregation.
Surfactants in water
This document discusses surfactants in water. It provides an overview of surfactant structure, surface tension, how addition of surfactants affects surface tension, and the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules with a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail that get adsorbed at the water surface. Their addition lowers surface tension by occupying the surface until forming a full monolayer. Above the CMC, micelles form with tails clustered inside and heads facing out. Surfactants can also be used to purify water by removing contaminants via ionic bonding to charged particles.
Thickening agents class ppt
Viscosity imparting agents are used to increase or decrease the viscosity of liquids for cosmetic products. They are classified as viscosity modifiers, which decrease viscosity, or viscosity enhancers, which increase viscosity. Commonly used viscosity imparting agents include hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Thickeners work by modifying the rheological properties and include both natural polymers like cellulose as well as synthetic polymers. Key considerations for thickeners are whether they produce Newtonian or non-Newtonian flow, and if they exhibit properties like shear thinning, elasticity, or thixotropy.
Surface active agents
This document discusses surface active agents, also known as surfactants, which are compounds that lower surface tension between two liquids or a liquid and solid. It classifies surfactants based on their structure and polar head groups. Surfactants have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail, which allows them to align at liquid interfaces. They act by forming micelles that suspend materials by coating them with hydrophilic heads facing water. Surfactants are classified as ionic, including anionic, cationic and amphoteric types, or non-ionic based on the charge of their polar head group.
Acid value
The acid value is a measure of free fatty acids in oils and fats, indicating hydrolysis of triglycerides. It is determined by titrating a sample dissolved in ethanol and ether against potassium hydroxide. A higher acid value means more free fatty acids have formed due to rancidity caused by chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis over time and poor storage conditions. The acid value gives an indication of a fat or oil's age and extent of deterioration.
Surfactnts
Micellization is the process where surfactant molecules spontaneously self-assemble into aggregates called micelles above a critical concentration known as the critical micellar concentration (CMC). Micelles form to minimize contact between the surfactant hydrophobic tails and water. The CMC and micelle size are affected by factors like the surfactant chain length and head group, counter ion type, temperature, and presence of additives. Micelles can incorporate hydrophobic drugs to improve their solubility and stability for drug delivery applications.
Concept of Zeta Potential
This document discusses the concept of zeta potential, which is the electric potential at the boundary between the particle surface and the surrounding liquid. It defines zeta potential and explains factors that affect it such as pH and ionic strength. The document also describes how zeta potential is measured using electrokinetic phenomena like electrophoresis. Finally, it discusses applications of zeta potential measurement and DLVO theory of colloid stability.
What's hot (20)
SUFACTANTS : ADSORPTION AT LIQUID SURFACE/INTERFACE
SUFACTANTS : ADSORPTION AT LIQUID SURFACE/INTERFACE
Surfactants and their applications in pharmaceutical dosage form
Surfactants and their applications in pharmaceutical dosage form
SURFACTANT (SURFACE ACTIVE AGENT)AND CLASSIFICATION.pptx
SURFACTANT (SURFACE ACTIVE AGENT)AND CLASSIFICATION.pptx
Determination of hydrophilic lipophilic balance value
Determination of hydrophilic lipophilic balance value
Similar to Surfactant seminar
Microemulsion by sudarshan aher
Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable transparent (or translucent) dispersions of oil, water, and surfactant, with droplet sizes typically between 10-100 nm. They form spontaneously due to the presence of surfactants and co-surfactants that lower the interfacial tension between oil and water. Microemulsions have advantages over emulsions such as improved drug solubilization, thermodynamic stability, and ease of manufacture. They are widely used in pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and enhanced oil recovery.
Surfactant lec 2.ppt
This document discusses surfactants and their properties. It begins by defining surfactants as compounds that lower surface tension and can act as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents, and dispersants. It then discusses how surfactant molecules are amphiphilic, containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, allowing them to adsorb at interfaces. It describes concepts like critical micelle concentration, how surfactant structure affects this, and applications of micellization. The document also classifies surfactants by their functional properties based on HLB values and by their structural characteristics such as ionic, nonionic and amphoteric types.
Surface active agents
Surface active agents, also known as surfactants, are amphipathic molecules that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions. They can interact with both polar and non-polar substances, increasing the solubility of insoluble substances. In water, surfactant molecules form spherical clusters called micelles with the non-polar ends on the inside and polar ends on the outside. Surfactants are classified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or amphoteric based on their charge, and can be used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, and other products.
surfaceactiveagents-110421171905-phpapp02 (1)
The document discusses surfactants and micelles. It defines hydrophilic, hydrophobic, lipophilic and lipophobic surfaces or liquids. It explains that surfactants are amphipathic molecules with both polar and nonpolar portions that can interact with both polar and nonpolar substances. Surfactants form spherical clusters called micelles in water, with nonpolar tails inside and polar heads outside. The document classifies common types of surfactants and discusses their uses.
Emulsions
This document provides an overview of emulsions, including:
1. Definitions of emulsions as mixtures of two immiscible liquids dispersed as droplets.
2. The main types of emulsions including oil-in-water and water-in-oil varieties.
3. The use of emulsifying agents to stabilize emulsions by reducing interfacial tension between the liquids.
4. Theories of emulsification including electric double layer theory and adsorbed film theory.
HLB scale.pptx
In past fifty years, there has been a tremendous growth in the field of surfactants. The term surfactants include emulsifiers, wetting agents, suspending agents, detergents, anti-foam compounds and many others.
Therefore, there classification is very important to choose suitable surfactant to give maximum effect.
William Griffin, in the late 1940s, introduced the Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance system (HLB) as a way of figuring out which emulsifier would work best with the oil phase of an emulsified product
Surfactants.pdf
This document provides an overview of surfactants and their applications in pharmacy. It begins by defining surfactants as substances that reduce surface tension between two phases. The document then discusses the different types of surfactants, including nonionic, anionic, cationic, and amphoteric surfactants. It explains how surfactants work to lower surface tension and form micelles. Key concepts covered include the critical micellar concentration and factors that influence micelle formation. The document concludes by describing various applications of surfactants in pharmacy, such as for emulsions, suppositories, respiratory therapies, and transdermal drug delivery.
Emulsion
This document defines an emulsion as an unstable system consisting of at least two immiscible liquid phases, one dispersed as globules in the other. Emulsions can be oil-in-water or water-in-oil, with particle sizes typically ranging from 0.1 to 100 μm. Emulsifying agents help stabilize emulsions by forming monomolecular or multi-molecular films at the oil-water interface to prevent globule coalescence. Common emulsifying agents include surface-active agents, hydrophilic colloids, and finely divided solids. The HLB system assists in selecting emulsifying agents based on their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. Pharmaceutical applications of emulsions include
Surface tension (2)
1. Interfaces exist between phases where the properties of molecules differ from those in the bulk. Interfacial phenomena are important in pharmacy for processes like drug adsorption, membrane penetration, emulsion formation, and suspension of insoluble particles.
2. Surfactant molecules accumulate at liquid interfaces and form micelles that can solubilize water-insoluble compounds. Above the critical micelle concentration, increased surfactant leads to more micelles and greater solubilization.
3. Emulsifiers stabilize emulsions by adsorbing at the interface between immiscible liquids and decreasing interfacial tension. Common pharmaceutical emulsifiers include emulsifying wax, polysorbate 20, and ceteareth 20
The HLB Book ICI.pdf
This document provides an overview of the HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) system for selecting emulsifiers. It explains that the HLB system assigns a number to represent an emulsifier's balance between its water-loving and oil-loving properties. Emulsifiers and emulsifier blends are assigned HLB values, and each ingredient to be emulsified has a required HLB value. The document provides tables of required HLB values for common oils and discusses how to experimentally determine the required HLB value when it is unknown. It also explains how the HLB system can help identify emulsifiers most likely to form stable oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions for a given
solubility and solubilization
This document discusses various techniques for enhancing drug solubility. It begins with an introduction to factors affecting drug solubility and processes of solubilization. Then it describes techniques such as co-solvency, use of surfactants, complexation, and solid state manipulation. Co-solvency uses water-miscible solvents to improve drug solubility. Surfactants form micelles above the critical micelle concentration that can solubilize drugs. Complexation with cyclodextrin can enhance aqueous solubility. Manipulating a drug's solid state, such as forming polymorphs, can also increase solubility. The document provides examples and mechanisms for each solubility enhancement technique.
Excipient
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on excipients. It discusses direct compression as a tablet manufacturing method and various direct compression fillers that improve flow and compressibility. It also covers surfactant classification and functions, including micelle formation. Excipient standardization through significant change guidance and preclinical toxicity testing is outlined to verify appropriate usage and establish standards for new excipients.
Seminar on oral lipoid
This document discusses oral lipoid formulations and emulsion instability. It begins with an introduction to lipid-based excipients and techniques for formulating oral lipoid systems. The document then focuses on emulsion characterization and the different types of emulsions. The main causes of emulsion instability are described as flocculation, creaming, coalescence, breaking, and phase inversion. In summary, this document provides an overview of oral lipoid formulations and the factors that contribute to emulsion instability.
Self-Micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery System
The power point contains about the self micro emulsifying drug delivery system which is a newly developed drug delivery system.
Pharmaceutical Emulsion
Pharmaceutical Emulsions are thermodynamically unstable mixtures of two immiscible liquids stabilized by an emulsifying agent. They can be oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions depending on the dispersed and continuous phases. Emulsifying agents like surfactants, hydrocolloids, and solid particles form protective films around droplets and increase viscosity to prevent coalescence. Stability issues include creaming, cracking, and phase inversion. Methods to enhance stability are reducing droplet size, increasing viscosity, using emulsifying agents, and controlling storage temperature.
surfactant m pharmacy notes scop satara
This document discusses surfactants, including their structure, properties, classification, and importance. It defines that surfactants are amphipathic molecules with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions that can interact with both polar and non-polar substances. Surfactants are classified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or amphoteric/zwitterionic. They can form micelles in water above a critical concentration, with hydrophobic tails inside and hydrophilic heads outside. Surfactants are widely used as cleaning, wetting, dispersing, emulsifying and other agents due to their ability to reduce surface tension.
SELF MICRO EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM [SMEDDS]
Oral route is the main route of drug administration in many diseases. Major problem in oral route of drug administration is bioavailability which mainly results from poor aqueous solubility. This leads to lack of dose uniformity and high intrasubject/intersubject variability. It is found that 40% of active substances are poorly water-soluble. Various technologies are developed to overcome this problem, like solid dispersion or complex formation. Much attention has been given to lipid-based formulation with particular emphasis on self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system to improve the oral bioavailability of lipophilic drugs. It requires small amount of dose and also drugs can be protected from hostile environment in gut. Self-micro emulsifying drug delivery systems are specialized form of delivery system in which drug is encapsulated in a lipid base with or without pharmaceutical acceptable surfactant.
Micellization and their pharmaceutical applications
Micellization and their pharmaceutical applications. Micelles are aggregates of surfactant molecules that form spontaneously above a critical concentration. They consist of a hydrophobic core surrounded by a hydrophilic shell. Micelles can increase the solubility of poorly soluble drugs and protect drugs from degradation, thus improving their stability and bioavailability. They also show potential for targeted drug delivery applications such as cancer therapy. Factors like critical micelle concentration, temperature, and electrolyte concentration affect micelle formation and properties.
Liposomes
Liposomes are concentric bilayered vesicles in which an aqueous core is entirely enclosed by a membranous lipid bilayer mainly composed of natural or synthetic phospholipids.
Liposomes are spherical microscopic vesicles consisting phospholipids bilayers which enclose aqueous compartments.
The size of a liposome ranges from some 20 nm up to several micrometers.
Liposomes were first produced in England in 1961 by Alec D. Bangham, who was studying phospholipids and blood clotting.
Small unilamellar vesicles (SUV), 25 to 100 nm in size that consist of a single bilayer
Large unilamellar vesicle (LUV), 100 to 500 nm in size that consist of a single bilayer
Multilamellar vesicle (MLV), 200 nm to several microns, that consist of two or more concentric bilayer
Liposomes detail topic explanation notes
This document provides information on liposomes, including:
- Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate drugs. They were first demonstrated in 1965.
- Liposomes offer advantages for drug delivery such as the ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs and provide controlled release.
- Liposomes are classified based on size, lamellarity, and composition. Common types include small unilamellar vesicles, multilamellar large vesicles, and long-circulating stealth liposomes.
- Drugs can be loaded into liposomes using passive loading techniques like mechanical dispersion or solvent dispersion methods.
Similar to Surfactant seminar (20)
SELF MICRO EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM [SMEDDS]
SELF MICRO EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM [SMEDDS]
Micellization and their pharmaceutical applications
Micellization and their pharmaceutical applications
More from rajarambapu college of pharmacy,kasegaon
6
Electrophoresis is a physical method used to separate compounds that can acquire an electric charge. During electrophoresis, ions suspended between electrodes will migrate toward the electrode with the opposite charge. There are two main types of electrophoresis: zone electrophoresis which separates molecules based on size and charge, and moving boundary electrophoresis which separates molecules based on charge alone. Electrophoresis has many clinical applications such as analyzing serum proteins, lipoproteins, hemoglobin variants, and detecting small molecules like drugs.
Baned drugs
This document discusses banned drugs that are still available in India. It provides context on adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigilance, the science of monitoring drug safety. Several drugs are identified that have been banned in other countries like the US and UK due to serious side effects but remain available in India, often over the counter. Reasons for their continued availability include manufacturers exploiting legal loopholes and a lack of awareness among the Indian population about safety issues and discontinued drug status. Strengthening adverse drug reaction reporting is seen as key to addressing this problem.
Ich 2
The International Council for Harmonization (ICH) was established in 1990 as a joint regulatory-industry initiative to discuss international harmonization of pharmaceutical regulations. ICH has helped establish globally harmonized guidelines for drug development and regulation. Over the past 25 years, ICH has made significant progress harmonizing guidelines related to drug safety, quality, and efficacy. It aims to reduce unnecessary testing on humans and animals, eliminate delays in developing and approving new drugs internationally, and maintain regulatory standards to protect public health. ICH involves drug regulators and researchers from the EU, Japan, US and other regions in developing harmonized technical guidelines.
ICH
The International Council for Harmonization (ICH) was established in 1990 to harmonize technical requirements for pharmaceutical product registration. This document provides a history of ICH and summarizes its guidelines for stability testing of new drug substances and products. The guidelines establish procedures for conducting long-term, intermediate, and accelerated stability studies on drug substances and products to demonstrate quality and support shelf life. Specifications, evaluation methods, and other aspects of stability testing are also defined to facilitate mutual acceptance of data between ICH regions.
Audits 1
Manufacturing operations involve running production facilities and include operators, engineers, technicians, and management. Key aspects of manufacturing operations are total productive maintenance, lean manufacturing, six sigma, and leadership development. Operations personnel monitor packaging and labeling, examine inputs, analyze data, conduct audits, and drive corrective and preventive actions to continuously improve production.
Tlc ppt
1) Thin layer chromatography is a technique used to separate chemical mixtures based on differences in how the compounds interact with the stationary and mobile phases.
2) The stationary phase is typically a thin layer of adsorbent material like silica gel or alumina on a glass or plastic plate, while the mobile phase is a liquid solvent that moves over the plate via capillary action.
3) Compounds separate based on how strongly they adhere to the stationary phase, with less strongly adhering compounds moving farther up the plate with the mobile phase. Detection methods identify the separated compounds.
Paper chromatograpy ppt
Paper chromatography is a method used to separate components of a mixture based on how they partition between a stationary phase, typically cellulose paper, and a mobile phase, typically a solvent. Key aspects of paper chromatography include choosing an appropriate paper and solvent based on the sample's properties, applying the sample as a spot on the paper, developing the chromatogram by allowing the solvent to migrate up the paper via capillary action, and detecting separated components using physical or chemical methods. Results are represented by each component's retention factor (Rf) value, which indicates its relative migration distance compared to the solvent front. Variations in development technique include ascending, descending, and two-dimensional paper chromatography. Paper chromatography has wide applications in chemistry, biology
Column chromatography ganesh
Column chromatography is a solid-liquid technique used to separate mixtures. It works by having different affinities of compounds for the stationary and mobile phases. The stationary phase is typically silica gel or alumina, and the mobile phase is selected based on the compounds' polarities. Factors like column length and diameter, adsorbent particle size, and elution mode affect the separation efficiency. Compounds are detected and collected as they exit the column based on their retention times. Column chromatography is useful for purification, isolation of compounds, and analytical applications.
More from rajarambapu college of pharmacy,kasegaon (8)
Recently uploaded
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a
disease or abnormal condition
Top five deadliest dog breeds in America
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit - NGV Pavilion Concept Design
Types of Herbal Cosmetics its standardization.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance
Recently uploaded (20)
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
Surfactant seminar
- 1. Prepared By Vambhurkar Ganesh B. M- pharm 1st year(Sem-ii) (Pharmaceutics) Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon .
- 2. INTRODUCTION CMC WHAT DO WE MEAN BY “HLB” HLB SCALE CLASSIFICATION OF SURFACTANTS 2
- 3. Molecules and ions that are absorbed at the interface is termed as Surfactants Surfactants have two distinct regions in their chemical structure, one of which is water-liking or Hydrophilic and the other of which is water-hating or Hydrophobic. These molecules are referred to as Amphiphilic or Amphipathic molecules or simply as Surfactants or Surface active agents. 3
- 4. When a surfactant is placed in water it forms micelles at concentrations above its critical micelle concentration(CMC), they form aggregates known as micelles. In a micelle, the hydrophobic tails flock to the interior in order to minimize their contact with water, and the hydrophilic heads remain on the outer surface in order to maximize their contact with water . 4
- 5. 5
- 6. All surfactants must have an oil loving portion and a water loving portion or they would not have surface activity The ratio of the oil loving portion to the water loving portion is what we call its balance. We measure this balance based on molecular weight “HLB” stands for -Hydrophile / Lipophile / Balance 6
- 7. It was invented by William C . Griffin The “system” was created as a tool to make it easier to use Non-anionic surfactants It was intended as a large scale road map to good emulsification performance. This keeps HLB scale smaller and more manageable. The working scale is from 1 to 19 This number is then assigned to the non-ionic surfactant 7
- 8. 1 to 3: Antifoams 3 to 8: Water-in-Oil Emulsifiers 7 to 9: Wetting and spreading agents 8 to 16: Oil-in-Water Emulsifiers 13 to 15: Detergents 15 to 18: Solubilizers 8
- 9. 9
- 10. Anionic Cationic Amphoteric Nonionic Surfactants Classification of Surfactants Sodium lauryl sulfate Tweens, Spans LecithinCetalkonium chloride 10
- 11. Wetting Emulsification Dispersion / Solubilization Foaming / De-foaming Detergency Conditioning Substantivity Thickening 11
- 12. Pharmaceutical Adjuvants Influences The Drug Action Antibacterial Activity Foaming Agents Anti Foaming Agents 12
- 13. Martin’s Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Fifth edition. Essentials of Physical pharmacy by C.V.S.Subramanyam. www.google.com 13
- 14. THANK YOU !!! 14