The document provides an overview of supercomputers, highlighting their capabilities to perform complex calculations and process trillions of operations per second, typically using Linux or Unix operating systems. It discusses the measurement of speed in flops, various types of supercomputers, their applications in fields like climate forecasting and scientific simulations, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Notably, it mentions the world's fastest supercomputer, Tianhe-2, and India's fastest, Param Yuva-II.

2.  Literature survey
 Introduction
 Operating system
 Measurement of speed
 Types of super computers
 Differ from our computer
 Uses
 Advantages
 Dis-advantages
 conclusion
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5. Supercomputers
 Most powerfull computer made
 Handle large and complex calculations
 Process trillions of operations per second
 Found in research organizations,wether
forcasting etc...
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6.  Run on a linux or unix operating system, as
these operating systems are extremly
flexible,stable and efficient
 These typically have multiple processors and
variety of other technology tricks to ensure that
they run smoothly
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7.  Superconductors speed are measured in
floating value per second(FLOPS)
 Units
a) Megaflops(MFLOPS)
b) Gigaflops(GFLOPS)
c) Teraflops(TFLOPS)
d) Petaflops(PFLOPS)
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8.  kiloFLOPS – kFLOPS 103
 megaFLOPS - MFLOPS 106
 gigaFLOPS – GFLOPS 109
 teraFLOPS – TFLOPS 1012
 petaFLOPS – PFLOPS 1015
 exaFLOPS – EFLOPS 1018
 zettaFLOPS – ZFLOPS 1021
 yottaFLOPS – YFLOPS 1024
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9.  Vector processing machines
 Tightly connected cluster computers
 Commodity computers
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10.  Also called array processor
 Able to run mathematical operations very
quickly
 Common in scientific sector of computing
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12.  Group of connected computers that work
together as a unit
 Types
i. Director-based cluster
ii. Two node cluster
iii. Multi node cluster
iv. Massively parllel cluster
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13.  A large number of commodity pc’s inter
connected with high bandwidth low latency
Local area networks
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14.  Cost : range from $100,000-$1,000,000
 Environment : most required environmentally
controlled rooms
 Peripherals : lack sound cards , graphic ,
keyboards
 Programming language : FORTRON
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15.  Climate and weather forcasting
 Cryptography
 Nuclear simulation
 Crash analysis
 Structural analysis
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16.  Solve bigger problems
 Run more problems in shorter time
 May save money
 Allows for virtual testing
 Weather for casting and materiology
 Scientific simulations
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17.  Can be expensive
 Takes up a lot of space
 May only be good for specific applications
 Does not replace physical testing
 Requires trained staff
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18.  Worlds fastest super computer
Tianhe-2(china)
 Indias fastest super computer
Param Yuva-II
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20.  Super computers of today are general purpose
computers of tommorrow
 Many important applications need the better
main memory bandwidth and computing
power that are available only in super
computers
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