Summative assessment is usually given at the end of a course or unit to determine if instructional objectives have been met and to certify student mastery of the intended learning outcomes. It is important for tracking student progress and abilities throughout the learning process. Common examples of summative assessments include midterm exams, final examinations, term papers, final projects, portfolios, and performance demonstrations. They are often created in selective response items, short answers, extended written responses, or performance assessments.