This document provides information about a vocational training on a 33/11 KVA sub-station. It begins with an introduction to sub-stations, then describes the key components of a sub-station including transformers, insulators, earthing systems, isolation switches, circuit breakers, and surge arresters. Diagrams are included showing the sub-station layout and components. The main sub-station components are then each described in 1-2 sentences. The document concludes that the training has increased understanding of how electricity is transmitted and the role of sub-stations.

1. VOCATIONAL TRANING
ON
33/11 KVA SUB-STATION
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
SHEPHERED SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
SAM HIGGINBOTTOM INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES
PRESENTED TO:-
Dr.A.K.BHARDWAJ
Er.SUDHANSHU
TRIPATHI Er.J.J.JOHN
PRESENTED BY:-
SITESH KUMAR
ID:-12BTEEE015

2. CONTENT
 Introduction (what is Sub-station)
 Sub-station layout
 Components of sub-station
(a)Transformer
(b)Insulator
(c) Earthing system
(d)Isolation switches
(e)Circuit breaker
(f)Surge arrester
(g)Switch Gear

3. What is sub-station
 A Substation is a part of an electrical generation,
transmission ,and distribution system , where voltage is
transformed from high to low , or low to high , or many
other important functions.
 Electric power may flow through several sub-station
between generating plant and consumer, and may be
changed in voltage in several steps.

4. SUB-STATION LAYOUT
A:Primary power lines' side
1.Primary power lines
2.Ground wire
3.Overhead lines
4.Transformer for
measurement of
electric voltage
5.Disconnect switch
6.Circuit breaker
B: Secondary power lines' side
7.Current transformer
8.Lightning arrester
9.Main transformer
10.Control building
11.Security fence
12.Secondary power lines

5. COMPONENTS OF SUB-STATION
1.Transformer:-Main component . is classified by two types.
 .Power Transformer:-
A Power transformer is used in a substation
to step up or step down the voltage.
 .Instrument Transformer :-
• Current Transformer
• Voltage Transformer

6. 2.INSULATOR
•A material that does not easily transmit
energy, such as electric current or heat
material such as wood ,plastic, and
ceramics are insulator. fiberglass is an
example of heat insulator.
• Any material that keeps energy such
as electricity, heat, or cold from easily
transferring through is an insulator

7. 3.Earthing System
 In electricity supply systems, an
earthing system or grounding
system is circuitry which
connects parts of the electric
circuit with the ground, thus
defining the electric potential of
the conductors relative to the
Earth's conductive surface. The
choice of earthing system can
affect.
the safety and electromagnetic
compatibility of the power supply

8. 4.ISOLATION SWITCH
 In electrical engineering, a
disconnect or, disconnect
switch or isolator switch is
used to ensure that an electrical
circuit is completely de-
energized for service or
maintenance. Such switches are
often found in electrical
distribution and industrial appli
cations

9. 5.CIRCUIT BREAKER
A circuit breaker is an automatically
operated electrical switch designed to protect
an electrical circuit from damage caused
byoverload or short circuit. Its basic function
is to detect a fault condition and interrupt
current flow.
 Oil circuit breaker
 Air-blast circuit breaker
 Sulphar hexafluoride circuit breaker (SF6)
 Vacuum circuit breakers

10. a)OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER
 A high-voltage circuit breaker
in which the arc is drawn in
oil to dissipate the heat and
extinguish the arc; the intense
heat of the arc decomposes
the oil, generating a gas
whose high pressure produces
a flow of fresh fluid through
the arc that furnishes the
necessary insulation to
prevent a restrike of the arc.

11. b).Air-blast circuit breaker
Fast operations, suitability for repeated
operation, auto reclosure, unit type
multi break constructions, simple
assembly, modest maintenance are
some of the main features of air blast
circuit breakers. A compressors plant
necessary to maintain high air pressure
in the air receiver. The air blast circuit
breakers are especially suitable for
railways and arc furnaces, where the
breaker operates repeatedly. Air blast
circuit breakers is used for
interconnected lines and important lines
where rapid operation is desired.

12. c). Sulphar hexafluoride circuit breaker (SF6)
Circuit breaker, sulphar hexafluoride
(SF6) gas is used as the arc quenching
medium. The SF6 is an electronegative
gas and has a strong tendency absorb
free electrons. The SF6 circuit breaker
have been found to a very effective for
high power and high voltage service.
SF6 circuit breakers have been
developed for voltage 115 KV to 230
KV, power rating 10 MVA.

13. 6.SURGE ARRESTER
 A surge arrester is a device to protect
electrical equipment from over-voltage
transients caused by external (lightning) or
internal (switching) events. Also called
a surge protection device (SPD) or transient
voltage surge suppressor (TVSS), this class
of device is used to protect equipment in
power transmission and distribution systems.
(For consumer equipment protection,
different products calledsurge protectors are
used.)

14. 7.SWITCH GEAR
 In an electric power system, switchgear is the
combination of electrical disconnect
switches, fuses or circuit breakers used to
control, protect and isolate electrical
equipment. Switchgear is used both to de-
energize equipment to allow work to be done
and to clear faults downstream. This type of
equipment is directly linked to the reliability
of the electricity supply

15. CONCLUSION
 Now from this report we can conclude that electricity plays
an important role in our life. We are made aware of how the
transmission of electricity is done. We too came to know
about the various parts of the Substation system.
 The Uttar Pradesh Cooperation Limited has got radio
communication in microwave range in order to transmit
and receive data with various Substations in Uttar Pradesh
to get reliable transmission and distribution of electricity.