A Presentation on Bored Cast-in-Situ PilesSubham Kundu
This document provides an overview of a seminar on bored cast-in-situ piles. It discusses pile classification, general construction descriptions, workmanship requirements, load testing procedures, equipment used, and testing methods for concrete and aggregates. The conclusion states that bored cast-in-situ piling is favorable due to reduced waste and cost, the ability to cast piles to exact lengths, and capacity to bear and transfer heavy loads to the ground. Reinforcement is not always needed but adds stability and durability. Overall, bored cast-in-situ piling is preferable for bearing large loads as piles can be cast deep into the ground.
Pile foundations are commonly used when soil conditions require deep foundations, such as with compressible, waterlogged, or deep soils. There are various types of piles classified by function (e.g. end bearing, friction, tension), material (e.g. concrete, timber, steel), and installation method (e.g. driven, cast-in-place). The load carrying capacity of piles can be determined through dynamic formulas, static formulas, load tests, or penetration tests. Factors like pile length, structure characteristics, material availability, loading types, and costs must be considered for proper pile selection.
Piles are deep foundations used to transfer structural loads through weak or wet soils to stronger soils below. Piles can be classified based on function (end bearing, friction, tension), material (concrete, timber, steel), or installation method (driven, cast-in-place). Key factors in pile design include soil properties, load types, and groundwater conditions. The ultimate load capacity of a pile considers end bearing and side friction, while the allowable load uses a factor of safety. Dynamic testing and soil parameters can be used to estimate pile capacities.
This document provides information about a project involving the construction of pile foundations using the bored cast-in-situ piling method at an English Medium High Madrasha site in Malda. It includes details of the project such as the estimated and tender costs, concrete mix design, pile load testing procedures, and descriptions of the pile classification, boring and concreting process. Reinforcement details and specifications for equipment used in the piling like DMC pipes, tremie pipes, chisel, and casing are also provided.
This document discusses pile foundations. It begins by listing the topics that will be covered, including types of piles, pile spacing, pile caps, load testing, and failures. It then defines a pile foundation as using slender structural members like steel, concrete or timber that are installed in the ground to transfer structural loads to deeper, stronger soil layers. The document goes on to classify piles based on their function, material, and installation method. It describes common pile types such as precast concrete, driven steel, and cast-in-place piles. The document provides details on pile uses, selection factors, and installation procedures.
This document presents a literature review and overview of machine foundation design for a civil engineering course project. It discusses the increasing vibrations caused by advancing machinery technology. Various types of machine foundations are described, including block, box, spring mounted block, combined block, tabletop, tabletop with isolator, inertia block in structure, and pile supported foundations. Foundation design criteria aim to limit motion amplitudes. Soil exploration is important to understand foundation response to dynamic loads. Depth of site exploration should be sufficient. In conclusion, thermal power plants require extensive foundation studies due to heavy equipment, and foundation issues cause about 19% of equipment problems annually.
This document discusses different types of machine foundations. It describes three main types: block foundations, which are used for reciprocating machines; box foundations, which are hollow and have a higher natural frequency than block foundations; and wall foundations, which use vertical columns and horizontal frames for larger machines. It also discusses determining soil parameters through laboratory tests, vibration analysis for single and multi-degree of freedom systems, Indian code of practice IS 2974 for designing rotary machine foundations, and common design considerations like foundation mass and isolation.
This document provides information about pile foundations. Pile foundations are used when the soil cannot support building loads and piles are driven deep into the ground until they reach a bearing stratum. Piles can be made of timber, concrete, or steel. They transfer loads from the building to the stronger subsurface layer. The document discusses different types of piles including end bearing and friction piles and explains how pile caps are reinforced to resist tensile and shear forces from heavy loads. Diagrams show how pile foundations are arranged and how piles transmit loads into the ground.
A Presentation on Bored Cast-in-Situ PilesSubham Kundu
This document provides an overview of a seminar on bored cast-in-situ piles. It discusses pile classification, general construction descriptions, workmanship requirements, load testing procedures, equipment used, and testing methods for concrete and aggregates. The conclusion states that bored cast-in-situ piling is favorable due to reduced waste and cost, the ability to cast piles to exact lengths, and capacity to bear and transfer heavy loads to the ground. Reinforcement is not always needed but adds stability and durability. Overall, bored cast-in-situ piling is preferable for bearing large loads as piles can be cast deep into the ground.
Pile foundations are commonly used when soil conditions require deep foundations, such as with compressible, waterlogged, or deep soils. There are various types of piles classified by function (e.g. end bearing, friction, tension), material (e.g. concrete, timber, steel), and installation method (e.g. driven, cast-in-place). The load carrying capacity of piles can be determined through dynamic formulas, static formulas, load tests, or penetration tests. Factors like pile length, structure characteristics, material availability, loading types, and costs must be considered for proper pile selection.
Piles are deep foundations used to transfer structural loads through weak or wet soils to stronger soils below. Piles can be classified based on function (end bearing, friction, tension), material (concrete, timber, steel), or installation method (driven, cast-in-place). Key factors in pile design include soil properties, load types, and groundwater conditions. The ultimate load capacity of a pile considers end bearing and side friction, while the allowable load uses a factor of safety. Dynamic testing and soil parameters can be used to estimate pile capacities.
This document provides information about a project involving the construction of pile foundations using the bored cast-in-situ piling method at an English Medium High Madrasha site in Malda. It includes details of the project such as the estimated and tender costs, concrete mix design, pile load testing procedures, and descriptions of the pile classification, boring and concreting process. Reinforcement details and specifications for equipment used in the piling like DMC pipes, tremie pipes, chisel, and casing are also provided.
This document discusses pile foundations. It begins by listing the topics that will be covered, including types of piles, pile spacing, pile caps, load testing, and failures. It then defines a pile foundation as using slender structural members like steel, concrete or timber that are installed in the ground to transfer structural loads to deeper, stronger soil layers. The document goes on to classify piles based on their function, material, and installation method. It describes common pile types such as precast concrete, driven steel, and cast-in-place piles. The document provides details on pile uses, selection factors, and installation procedures.
This document presents a literature review and overview of machine foundation design for a civil engineering course project. It discusses the increasing vibrations caused by advancing machinery technology. Various types of machine foundations are described, including block, box, spring mounted block, combined block, tabletop, tabletop with isolator, inertia block in structure, and pile supported foundations. Foundation design criteria aim to limit motion amplitudes. Soil exploration is important to understand foundation response to dynamic loads. Depth of site exploration should be sufficient. In conclusion, thermal power plants require extensive foundation studies due to heavy equipment, and foundation issues cause about 19% of equipment problems annually.
This document discusses different types of machine foundations. It describes three main types: block foundations, which are used for reciprocating machines; box foundations, which are hollow and have a higher natural frequency than block foundations; and wall foundations, which use vertical columns and horizontal frames for larger machines. It also discusses determining soil parameters through laboratory tests, vibration analysis for single and multi-degree of freedom systems, Indian code of practice IS 2974 for designing rotary machine foundations, and common design considerations like foundation mass and isolation.
This document provides information about pile foundations. Pile foundations are used when the soil cannot support building loads and piles are driven deep into the ground until they reach a bearing stratum. Piles can be made of timber, concrete, or steel. They transfer loads from the building to the stronger subsurface layer. The document discusses different types of piles including end bearing and friction piles and explains how pile caps are reinforced to resist tensile and shear forces from heavy loads. Diagrams show how pile foundations are arranged and how piles transmit loads into the ground.
This document provides information about pile foundations. Piles are long, slender members used to transmit foundation loads through weak soil layers to stronger layers below. They can be made of timber, concrete, steel, or other materials. Factors that influence pile selection include soil conditions, load requirements, availability of materials, and costs. Pile foundations allow buildings and bridges to be supported in places with poor soil by transmitting loads to deeper, stronger layers. The document discusses different types of piles and pile driving methods.
Pile foundation ppt 2 (usefulsearch.org) (useful search)Make Mannan
Pile foundations are used when the bearing capacity of soil is low or uneven and the soil is located at a greater depth. Piles transfer structural loads directly to the soil layer below by end bearing or side friction. Common pile types include timber, concrete, steel, and composite piles which are classified based on function, material, and installation method. Pile foundations provide solutions for difficult soil conditions like compressible, waterlogged, or made ground and are widely used for bridges, buildings, and marine structures.
Cast in situ piles are concrete piles that are constructed by excavating soil and pouring concrete directly into the hole. There are several types of cast in situ piles including simplex, franki, and vibro piles. The simplex pile is most common in Bangladesh. To construct a simplex pile, a casing is installed and reinforced with rebar before concrete is poured into the casing while it is vibrated out of the ground. Cast in situ piles are preferable to driven piles in areas with noise limitations, existing structures nearby, or weak and loose soils. The construction process involves soil testing, boring, installing rebar cages, and pouring concrete through a tremie pipe.
This document provides information about pile foundations. It begins with an introduction defining a pile foundation as a construction for supporting foundations that is supported on piles. It then discusses where piles are placed and when they are adopted, such as in loose soils or when load transfer is needed. The document categorizes piles based on their function, material composition, installation method, and load carrying characteristics. It provides examples within each category and discusses factors that affect pile selection. The document also describes pile accessories like caps and shoes and pile driving methods. Overall, it serves as an overview of pile foundation types, uses, and design considerations.
This lecture discusses the bearing capacity of foundations. It introduces Terzaghi's bearing capacity theory, which evaluates the ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations based on a failure surface geometry. Terzaghi's equation for ultimate bearing capacity is presented. Meyerhof's and Hansen's theories are also introduced, which improved on Terzaghi's theory. Hansen's theory provides a more general bearing capacity equation that can be applied to both shallow and deep foundations. Safety factors are applied to the ultimate bearing capacity to determine allowable bearing capacity for foundation design. Settlement criteria may also control and limit the allowable bearing capacity in some cases.
PILE FOUNDATIONS. This layer cannot support the weight of the building, so the loads of the building have to bypass this layer and be transferred to the layer of stronger soil or rock that is below the weak layer. When a building has very heavy, concentrated loads, such as in a high rise structure, bridge, or water tank.
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Pile foundation is important for construction of foundation where bearing capacity of soil is poor. Pile foundation is use for distribution of uneven load of superstructure.There are so many type of pile are use for construction. Here i present some of pile with suitable condition for construction and methods for construction.
Thank you.
This document discusses the design of biaxially loaded columns. It defines a biaxially loaded column as one where axial load acts with eccentricities about both principal axes, causing bending in two directions. Several methods for analyzing and designing biaxially loaded columns are presented, including the load contour method, reciprocal load method, strain compatibility method, and equivalent eccentricity method. An example problem demonstrates using the reciprocal load method to check the adequacy of a trial reinforced concrete column design subjected to biaxial bending.
Diaphragm wall: Construction and DesignUmer Farooq
The document discusses diaphragm walls, which are concrete or reinforced concrete walls constructed below ground using a slurry-supported trench method. Diaphragm walls can reach depths of 150 meters and widths of 0.5-1.5 meters. They are constructed using tremie installation or pre-cast concrete panels. Diaphragm walls are suitable for urban construction due to their quiet installation and lack of vibration. The document discusses different types of diaphragm walls based on materials and functions, and provides details on their design, construction process, and material requirements.
This document summarizes different types of piles used in construction foundations including friction piles, end bearing piles, sheet piles, load piles, and more. It describes how piles can be made of timber, steel, concrete, or composites. The document also outlines various pile driving methods such as drop hammers, single/double acting steam hammers, diesel hammers, vibratory drivers, and safety procedures for pile driving operations.
Introduction, uses, selection of pile, types of piles, pile cap and pile
shoe, pile driving methods, micro piling, causes of failures of piles,
Heaving of piles
This document discusses the importance of bridge maintenance, rehabilitation, and repair. It begins by defining a bridge and providing examples of important bridges in India. It then covers topics like bridge inspection procedures, common causes of bridge deterioration over time, and different maintenance and repair techniques. Regular inspection and timely repair or replacement of bridges is necessary for safety reasons, as bridge failures can lead to loss of life and disrupt transportation. Proper maintenance plays a vital role in ensuring bridges continue serving their important purpose of transportation.
1. Superstructure construction includes column, beam, floor, wall and roof located above ground level. Materials used are timber, steel and concrete.
2. Timber floor construction involves plank wood supported by timber joists and beams. Reinforced concrete uses column and beam construction with formwork, steel bar installation and concrete pouring.
3. Load bearing walls support loads and transfer to foundation, with minimum thickness of one brick. Non-load bearing walls only support own weight and are half brick thickness.
This document describes the procedure for conducting a plate load test to determine the bearing capacity of soil. Key details include:
- Plate load tests involve gradually applying load increments to a steel plate placed on the ground and measuring settlement over time.
- Tests are used to determine ultimate bearing capacity and modulus of subgrade reaction for foundation design.
- Proper test setup, equipment, load increments, settlement observations and timing are specified.
- Results are interpreted by plotting load-settlement curves to identify yield point or failure for different soil types.
- Calculations are provided to determine ultimate bearing capacity and expected foundation settlement from plate load test data.
- Limitations include only reflecting shallow soil properties and not fully capturing ultimate
PILE FOUNDATION and METHODS OF INSTALLING PILE FOUNDATIONSShivananda Roy
This document discusses pile foundations and methods of installing pile foundations. It defines pile foundations as slender columns made of materials like concrete or steel that support structures by transferring loads to deeper soil layers through end bearing or skin friction. It then describes different types of piles (e.g. sheet piles, load bearing piles, end bearing piles, friction piles) and materials used (e.g. timber, steel, precast concrete, cast-in-place concrete). The document proceeds to discuss various pile installation methods like dropping weight, vibration, jetting, and boring. It concludes by describing common pile driving equipment used such as piling rigs, winches, hammers, and protective gear placed on pile heads.
Piles have been used for foundations for centuries, initially using timber driven into the ground. Over time, pile driving machinery improved and steel and concrete piles came into use. Piles transfer structural loads to deeper, stronger soil layers, preventing failures in weak surface soils. They are commonly used when expansive or collapsible soils are present, for offshore structures, and near waterways prone to erosion. Piles can be made of wood, steel, concrete, or composites of multiple materials. They are classified based on load transmission, material type, and their effect on surrounding soils during installation. Modern pile foundations employ a variety of techniques to provide strong, durable support for structures in difficult soil conditions.
Formwork is a temporary mold used to contain poured concrete until it cures and can support itself. It needs to be strong enough to support the weight of wet concrete and withstand pouring and compaction loads. New materials like steel and plastics are now used for formwork in addition to wood. Slipforming allows for continuous vertical pouring of concrete structures like building cores without relying on external support, by using a formwork that rises slowly on its own as concrete is added.
This document summarizes a student's site visit report for a construction technology course. The student visited a construction site for Taman Impian Murni housing development. During the visit, the student learned about:
- Safety procedures and importance of safety on construction sites.
- Construction materials and methods used, including concrete framing, reinforced concrete, types of bricks, and formwork.
- The construction process, from site layout and reinforcement to pouring concrete.
- Technical aspects like concrete grade, slab types, and lintels.
The student found the visit informative and a valuable hands-on learning experience compared to classroom lessons. It highlighted the importance of safety, teamwork, and proper planning in construction.
This document discusses pile foundations. It classifies piles based on material (steel, concrete, timber, composite), load transfer mechanism (end bearing, friction, combined), and installation method (driven, cast in situ, bored). It describes how end bearing piles transfer load directly to bedrock, friction piles transfer load through skin friction, and combined piles use both mechanisms. The document also discusses functions of pile foundations in transmitting structural loads to firm soil layers and controlling settlement.
The document discusses the design and construction of a 4-lane 90m railway over bridge in Chand Sarai, Lucknow. Key steps in the construction process include surveying, engineering design, laying pile foundations, installing bearings and girders, shuttering, and concreting. Tests were conducted on materials and foundations to ensure quality. The bridge was designed to allow road traffic to safely pass over the railway line.
This document provides information about pile foundations. Piles are long, slender members used to transmit foundation loads through weak soil layers to stronger layers below. They can be made of timber, concrete, steel, or other materials. Factors that influence pile selection include soil conditions, load requirements, availability of materials, and costs. Pile foundations allow buildings and bridges to be supported in places with poor soil by transmitting loads to deeper, stronger layers. The document discusses different types of piles and pile driving methods.
Pile foundation ppt 2 (usefulsearch.org) (useful search)Make Mannan
Pile foundations are used when the bearing capacity of soil is low or uneven and the soil is located at a greater depth. Piles transfer structural loads directly to the soil layer below by end bearing or side friction. Common pile types include timber, concrete, steel, and composite piles which are classified based on function, material, and installation method. Pile foundations provide solutions for difficult soil conditions like compressible, waterlogged, or made ground and are widely used for bridges, buildings, and marine structures.
Cast in situ piles are concrete piles that are constructed by excavating soil and pouring concrete directly into the hole. There are several types of cast in situ piles including simplex, franki, and vibro piles. The simplex pile is most common in Bangladesh. To construct a simplex pile, a casing is installed and reinforced with rebar before concrete is poured into the casing while it is vibrated out of the ground. Cast in situ piles are preferable to driven piles in areas with noise limitations, existing structures nearby, or weak and loose soils. The construction process involves soil testing, boring, installing rebar cages, and pouring concrete through a tremie pipe.
This document provides information about pile foundations. It begins with an introduction defining a pile foundation as a construction for supporting foundations that is supported on piles. It then discusses where piles are placed and when they are adopted, such as in loose soils or when load transfer is needed. The document categorizes piles based on their function, material composition, installation method, and load carrying characteristics. It provides examples within each category and discusses factors that affect pile selection. The document also describes pile accessories like caps and shoes and pile driving methods. Overall, it serves as an overview of pile foundation types, uses, and design considerations.
This lecture discusses the bearing capacity of foundations. It introduces Terzaghi's bearing capacity theory, which evaluates the ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations based on a failure surface geometry. Terzaghi's equation for ultimate bearing capacity is presented. Meyerhof's and Hansen's theories are also introduced, which improved on Terzaghi's theory. Hansen's theory provides a more general bearing capacity equation that can be applied to both shallow and deep foundations. Safety factors are applied to the ultimate bearing capacity to determine allowable bearing capacity for foundation design. Settlement criteria may also control and limit the allowable bearing capacity in some cases.
PILE FOUNDATIONS. This layer cannot support the weight of the building, so the loads of the building have to bypass this layer and be transferred to the layer of stronger soil or rock that is below the weak layer. When a building has very heavy, concentrated loads, such as in a high rise structure, bridge, or water tank.
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Pile foundation is important for construction of foundation where bearing capacity of soil is poor. Pile foundation is use for distribution of uneven load of superstructure.There are so many type of pile are use for construction. Here i present some of pile with suitable condition for construction and methods for construction.
Thank you.
This document discusses the design of biaxially loaded columns. It defines a biaxially loaded column as one where axial load acts with eccentricities about both principal axes, causing bending in two directions. Several methods for analyzing and designing biaxially loaded columns are presented, including the load contour method, reciprocal load method, strain compatibility method, and equivalent eccentricity method. An example problem demonstrates using the reciprocal load method to check the adequacy of a trial reinforced concrete column design subjected to biaxial bending.
Diaphragm wall: Construction and DesignUmer Farooq
The document discusses diaphragm walls, which are concrete or reinforced concrete walls constructed below ground using a slurry-supported trench method. Diaphragm walls can reach depths of 150 meters and widths of 0.5-1.5 meters. They are constructed using tremie installation or pre-cast concrete panels. Diaphragm walls are suitable for urban construction due to their quiet installation and lack of vibration. The document discusses different types of diaphragm walls based on materials and functions, and provides details on their design, construction process, and material requirements.
This document summarizes different types of piles used in construction foundations including friction piles, end bearing piles, sheet piles, load piles, and more. It describes how piles can be made of timber, steel, concrete, or composites. The document also outlines various pile driving methods such as drop hammers, single/double acting steam hammers, diesel hammers, vibratory drivers, and safety procedures for pile driving operations.
Introduction, uses, selection of pile, types of piles, pile cap and pile
shoe, pile driving methods, micro piling, causes of failures of piles,
Heaving of piles
This document discusses the importance of bridge maintenance, rehabilitation, and repair. It begins by defining a bridge and providing examples of important bridges in India. It then covers topics like bridge inspection procedures, common causes of bridge deterioration over time, and different maintenance and repair techniques. Regular inspection and timely repair or replacement of bridges is necessary for safety reasons, as bridge failures can lead to loss of life and disrupt transportation. Proper maintenance plays a vital role in ensuring bridges continue serving their important purpose of transportation.
1. Superstructure construction includes column, beam, floor, wall and roof located above ground level. Materials used are timber, steel and concrete.
2. Timber floor construction involves plank wood supported by timber joists and beams. Reinforced concrete uses column and beam construction with formwork, steel bar installation and concrete pouring.
3. Load bearing walls support loads and transfer to foundation, with minimum thickness of one brick. Non-load bearing walls only support own weight and are half brick thickness.
This document describes the procedure for conducting a plate load test to determine the bearing capacity of soil. Key details include:
- Plate load tests involve gradually applying load increments to a steel plate placed on the ground and measuring settlement over time.
- Tests are used to determine ultimate bearing capacity and modulus of subgrade reaction for foundation design.
- Proper test setup, equipment, load increments, settlement observations and timing are specified.
- Results are interpreted by plotting load-settlement curves to identify yield point or failure for different soil types.
- Calculations are provided to determine ultimate bearing capacity and expected foundation settlement from plate load test data.
- Limitations include only reflecting shallow soil properties and not fully capturing ultimate
PILE FOUNDATION and METHODS OF INSTALLING PILE FOUNDATIONSShivananda Roy
This document discusses pile foundations and methods of installing pile foundations. It defines pile foundations as slender columns made of materials like concrete or steel that support structures by transferring loads to deeper soil layers through end bearing or skin friction. It then describes different types of piles (e.g. sheet piles, load bearing piles, end bearing piles, friction piles) and materials used (e.g. timber, steel, precast concrete, cast-in-place concrete). The document proceeds to discuss various pile installation methods like dropping weight, vibration, jetting, and boring. It concludes by describing common pile driving equipment used such as piling rigs, winches, hammers, and protective gear placed on pile heads.
Piles have been used for foundations for centuries, initially using timber driven into the ground. Over time, pile driving machinery improved and steel and concrete piles came into use. Piles transfer structural loads to deeper, stronger soil layers, preventing failures in weak surface soils. They are commonly used when expansive or collapsible soils are present, for offshore structures, and near waterways prone to erosion. Piles can be made of wood, steel, concrete, or composites of multiple materials. They are classified based on load transmission, material type, and their effect on surrounding soils during installation. Modern pile foundations employ a variety of techniques to provide strong, durable support for structures in difficult soil conditions.
Formwork is a temporary mold used to contain poured concrete until it cures and can support itself. It needs to be strong enough to support the weight of wet concrete and withstand pouring and compaction loads. New materials like steel and plastics are now used for formwork in addition to wood. Slipforming allows for continuous vertical pouring of concrete structures like building cores without relying on external support, by using a formwork that rises slowly on its own as concrete is added.
This document summarizes a student's site visit report for a construction technology course. The student visited a construction site for Taman Impian Murni housing development. During the visit, the student learned about:
- Safety procedures and importance of safety on construction sites.
- Construction materials and methods used, including concrete framing, reinforced concrete, types of bricks, and formwork.
- The construction process, from site layout and reinforcement to pouring concrete.
- Technical aspects like concrete grade, slab types, and lintels.
The student found the visit informative and a valuable hands-on learning experience compared to classroom lessons. It highlighted the importance of safety, teamwork, and proper planning in construction.
This document discusses pile foundations. It classifies piles based on material (steel, concrete, timber, composite), load transfer mechanism (end bearing, friction, combined), and installation method (driven, cast in situ, bored). It describes how end bearing piles transfer load directly to bedrock, friction piles transfer load through skin friction, and combined piles use both mechanisms. The document also discusses functions of pile foundations in transmitting structural loads to firm soil layers and controlling settlement.
The document discusses the design and construction of a 4-lane 90m railway over bridge in Chand Sarai, Lucknow. Key steps in the construction process include surveying, engineering design, laying pile foundations, installing bearings and girders, shuttering, and concreting. Tests were conducted on materials and foundations to ensure quality. The bridge was designed to allow road traffic to safely pass over the railway line.
This document provides information on an Indian Standard for the design and construction of bored cast in-situ concrete piles. Some key points:
- It specifies requirements for bored cast in-situ concrete piles, which are formed by boring a hole in the ground and filling it with concrete.
- Pile capacity depends on skin friction along the shaft and end bearing at the tip. Design must ensure adequate factor of safety and allowable settlement.
- Site investigation data on soil properties, groundwater conditions, and structural loads is required for design.
- Equipment used can include percussion or rotary rigs for boring, and stabilization methods like circulation or suspended mud.
- Design considerations include adjacent structures
IRJET- Seismic Behavior of Tall Building using Piled Raft FoundationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the seismic behavior of a 25-story tall building using a piled raft foundation. Two models of the building are created in ETABS - one with just a raft foundation, and one with a piled raft foundation. The building is analyzed for different seismic zones to compare the seismic performance. Key parameters like story drift, displacement, base shear, modal shapes, periods, and frequencies are compared between the two foundation models in each zone. The piled raft foundation combines the load bearing advantages of piles with the rigidity and load distribution of the raft. This study aims to understand how these two foundation types perform differently under seismic conditions in tall buildings.
Auber_Steel fiber reinforcement concrete_Slab on ground-Design NoteHoa Nguyen
This document provides design guidelines for slabs on ground using Auber steel fiber concrete. It discusses general principles of yield line design theory and describes procedures for determining the load carrying capacity of slabs. Material properties for Auber steel fibers are specified based on testing standards. The design process involves discretizing the slab cross-section into layers and determining fiber distribution. Load cases include uniform and point loads. Models are presented for analyzing the effects of temperature, shrinkage, and different load configurations. Critical aspects like shear capacity and punching are also addressed.
The document discusses different types of pile foundations. It begins by explaining that pile foundations transfer structural loads through weak soil layers to stronger layers below. It then describes different types of piles based on their function (load bearing, sheet), material (wood, concrete, steel), and installation method (driven, precast). Key points covered include how end bearing, friction, and composite piles transmit loads differently. The document also lists situations where pile foundations are necessary and advantages/disadvantages of different pile materials.
The document discusses site investigation methods for determining appropriate foundation types. It describes various types of shallow and deep foundations. Site investigation involves soil exploration through methods like boreholes, test pits, and geophysical surveys to understand soil properties and water levels. Different sampling techniques are used to collect disturbed and undisturbed soil samples for analysis. Findings are documented in a bore log report making recommendations on foundation design.
A Review Paper on Analysis and Design of Precast Box Culvert BridgeIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on the analysis and design of precast box culvert bridges. It begins with an abstract stating that box culverts are monolithic structures used to bridge roads and waterways. The document then reviews different types of IRC live load considerations for design, including Class 70R, Class A, and Class B loads. It discusses design considerations for box culverts like earth pressure effects, cushion depth, and structural elements to withstand bending moments and shear stresses. The methodology section outlines the steps used in modeling and analyzing a box culvert in STAAD Pro software. It also compares results for monolithically cast and separately cast top slabs. The conclusion states that box culverts are a robust, rigid
Building Materials & Construction Module-2Abhilash B L
The document provides information about building materials and construction. It discusses foundations, including preliminary soil investigation methods like test pits, probing, and boring. It describes different types of foundations like spread, combined, strap, and pile. It also covers masonry, defining terms and discussing brick and stone masonry as well as various bonds in brickwork. The requirements of a good foundation are listed as distributing loads evenly, providing stability, minimizing differential settlement, and being protected from soil movement.
Detail case study on pile foundation with literature review , It is helpful for the term paper and other research work and link in it will further help an individual in course of their study or research work .
deep-foundation-selection-driven-pile-or-drilled good for presentation.pptxvalter gentile
This document provides an overview of deep foundation design and construction methods for drilled shafts and driven piles. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each foundation type as well as design considerations and construction procedures. Some key points include:
- Drilled shafts are constructed by excavating a hole and placing reinforced concrete while driven piles are prefabricated elements that are installed into the ground using impact or vibratory hammers.
- Design factors that influence foundation selection include subsurface conditions, structural loading requirements, costs, time constraints, and environmental factors.
- Common drilled shaft construction methods include wet, dry, temporary casing, and permanent casing techniques. Integrity testing using methods like Crosshole Sonic Logging is
his study outlines the critical design criteria necessary for ensuring the stability and safety of braced cuts in excavation projects. Evaluating soil properties, selecting appropriate bracing systems, and implementing effective monitoring and maintenance procedures are essential considerations. Compliance with regulations and adherence to industry standards further enhance excavation safety
This document provides an overview of the course "Foundation Engineering" including:
- The course contents which covers topics like shallow foundations, deep foundations, retaining structures, and soil improvements across 10 chapters.
- The examination and grading system with 80 marks for final exam, 20 marks for internal assessment, and 25 marks for practical.
- An introduction to foundation engineering including different types of foundations, factors influencing foundation choice, and the general requirements for shallow foundations.
The pile foundation uses piles to support structures where soil conditions are poor. Piles can be placed individually or in clusters. Piles are adopted when loose soil extends to great depths and are used to transmit structural loads deep into the ground. Common pile materials include timber, steel, and concrete. Piles can be load bearing, transmitting loads through end bearing or side friction, or non-load bearing, used for retaining walls or cofferdams. Proper pile spacing, load testing, and installation methods like driving or boring are important to develop sufficient foundation capacity.
This document provides information on an Indian Standard (IS 2911 Part 1/Sec 1: 2010) regarding the design and construction of driven cast in-situ concrete piles. Some key details include:
- It covers piles that transmit loads to soil through end-bearing resistance at the pile tip and/or friction along the pile shaft.
- It provides definitions for important terms like ultimate load capacity, safe load, working load, etc.
- Necessary site investigation data is outlined, including soil properties, groundwater conditions, structural load details.
- Common equipment for driven cast in-situ piles includes drop hammers, single/double acting hammers, hydraulic hammers,
This document discusses different types of retaining walls and their construction methods. It describes gravity walls, sheet pile walls, cantilever walls, and anchored walls. It also discusses soil nailing, diaphragm walls, and bracing used for deep excavations. Key details include the steps for constructing retaining walls, advantages of concrete walls, advantages and disadvantages of CFA piles, applications and materials used for soil nailing, and the sequence of work for installing diaphragm walls. A case study describes an L-shaped cantilever retaining wall project in New Cairo City.
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ELS: 2.4.1 POWER ELECTRONICS Course objectives: This course will enable stude...Kuvempu University
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Authors
Reginald Jude Sixtus J and Tamilarasi Muthu, Puducherry Technological University, India
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Volume URL: https://airccse.org/journal/ijc2022.html
Abstract URL:https://aircconline.com/abstract/ijcnc/v14n5/14522cnc05.html
Pdf URL: https://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V14N5/14522cnc05.pdf
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Here's where you can reach us : ijcnc@airccse.org or ijcnc@aircconline.com
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3. Aims and Objectives of Research
1. To determine various type of piles in used
and identify most suitable type for Qatar
construction industry.
2. To analyse construction method used for
cast in situ friction piles.
3. To compare the design results which
computer aided design and manual design.
4. Foundations provide support for structures,
transferring their load to layers of soil or rock
that have sufficient bearing capacity and
suitable settlement capacity
Here Pile foundations are deep foundations
They are formed by long & circular elements
typically made from steel or reinforced
concrete, or sometimes timber.
5. Pile foundation is required when the soil
bearing capacity is not sufficient (soft soil) for
the structure to withstand. This is due to the
soil condition. pile foundation transferring
structure load to rocky or hard layer of soil
6. History of case
The first recorded use of drilled deep
foundations was in the 1920s, where piles
were originally termed Chicago caissons.
Weaker top soils in areas such as Chicago,
Cleveland, London called for an alternative
foundation to traditional methods
7.
8. Purpose of Literature Review
To define current state of the arts in pile
design and construction from previous
research and To assess classification of pile,
construction methodology & design
methodology
9. Why bored piles are used
Commonly used as foundation to support heavily
loaded structures such as high rise buildings,
Hydraulic Structure and bridges in view of it low
noise, low vibration and flexibility of sizes to suit
different loading conditions and subsoil
conditions
Required to be carried on tall buildings or
massive industrial complexes, which require
foundations and can bear the load of thousands
of tons, most probably in unstable or difficult soil
conditions.
10. Classification of Piles
1. Classification based on materials
Timber piles
Concrete piles
Steel Piles
Composite piles
2. Classification based on the function
End bearing piles :-Piles which transfer structural load to
a hard and relatively incompressible stratum such as rock
or dense sand are known as end bearing piles. These
piles derive the required bearing capacity from end
bearing at tip of the pile.
11. Classification of Piles
Friction piles:- These are piles which derive carrying
capacity from skin friction or adhesion between the
pile surface and surrounding soil.
Tension pile: These piles are also called as uplift piles.
Generally it can be used to anchor down the structures
which are subjected to uplift pressure due to
hydrostatic force.
13. Classification of Piles
3. Classification based on method of installation
Bored piles:- Bored piles are constructed in pre-bored
holes either using a casing or by circulating stabilizing
agent like bentonite slurry. The borehole is filled with
concrete after placing or lowering reinforcement. The
main advantage in bored piles is no damage due to
handling and driving which is common in driven piles.
The different types of bored piles are: small diameter
piles up to 600mm diameter: Large diameter pile
greater than 600mm; Under-reamed piles generally
300 to 450mm diameter.
14. Classification of Piles
3. Classification based on method of installation
Driven piles:- Driven piles may be of concrete, steel
or timber. These piles are driven into the soil strata by
the impact of a hammer. Generally boring is not used
in these cases. When pile is driven into granular
soils it densifies the soil and increases stiffness
(strength) of soil.
15. Classification of Piles
3. Classification based on method of installation
Cast-in-Place Piles:- These piles are formed by driving
a tube with a closed end into the soil strata, and then
filling the tube with freshly prepared concrete. The
tube may or may not be withdrawn afterwards.
16. Design methodology
What are the various capacities of pile
commonly used in practice?
◦ Axial capacity
◦ Lateral capacity
◦ Tension capacity
17. How to estimate the capacity of a Pile? What
are the approaches?
Field approach
◦ In this approach the pile is loaded to the desired level and its
capacity is estimated.
Theoretical Approach
◦ In this approach the pile capacity is calculated using some
formulae into which soil data is fed for obtaining the capacity.
18. Load Tests On a Single Pile The load tests are
categorized as
Stress tests:-
•Maintained load test
•Constant rate of penetration test
•Lateral load test
•Dynamic load test
•Cyclic load test
Strain tests:-
•Low strain integrity testing
•High strain integrity testing
19. Pile load tests are usually carried out for the
following main reasons:
◦ To obtain back figured soil data that will enable other piles
tobe designed
◦ To confirm pile lengths and hence contract costs before the
client is committed to over all job costs
◦ To counter check results from geotechnical and pile driving
formulae
◦ To determine the load-settlement behavior of the pile,
especially in the region of anticipated working load, that
the data can be used for prediction of group settlement.
◦ To verify the structural soundness of the pile.
23. The purpose if this chapter is to examine the
research methodologies available for this
study.
The outline research methodology includes;
Literature review of book, articles and
journals on design and construction methods
of bored piles in the industry.
24. There are two types of reserch strategies,
Qualitative and Quantitative.
Qualitative data is data in the form of
descriptive accounts of observations or data
which is classified by type.
Quantitative data is data which can be
expressed numerically or classified by some
numerical value.
25. Here our research methodologies based on
Qualitative strategies, The state of the art has
been defined through literature review, for
the design approach & data collection has
been used previous case of pile design in
qatar project
27. 1.Pile Capacity:
• Toe load-carrying capacity of a pile depends on the properties of
the soil in which it is embedded.
2 Negative shaft resistance or down drag Force:
• Negative friction is downward drag acting on a pile due to the
downward movement of the surrounding compressible soil relative
to the pile.
Bore Pile Design considerations
28. Design Phase
1. Drawings and Calculations
• Structural Engineer pile layout drawing.
• Make sure it includes pile reference numbers and the
amount of load each pile will be subjected to.
• Ensure calculations demonstrate how the load amount
figure was generated for each pile.
Design Steps
29. 2. Site Investigation Report
• Conduct a geotechnical site investigation(Soil Investigation report base on bore holes)
along and beneath the piles.
• Ensure investigations extend to at least 3 times the pile diameter or a minimum of 5
meters in accordance with BS codes and guidelines.
3. Factor of Safety
• This will be determined based on the design, site investigation and pile load testing.
• It should have a factor of safety rating of between 2 and 3 in accordance with BS8004
guideline.
4. Testing
• Testing needs to be carried out to ensure the foundations meet the design requirements.
There are two types of testing available which are:
• Static load testing
• Dynamic load testing.
Design Steps
30. Testing for pile design
Load Tests On a Single Pile The load tests are categorized
as Stress tests
• Maintained load test (Static vertical load test)
• Constant rate of penetration test
• Lateral load test
• Dynamic load test
• Cyclic load test
• Low strain integrity testing
• High strain integrity testing.
31. Type of Pile Designing methods
1- Manually
• By human hand and mind using
standard codes & base on given
manual data to be calculated all the
requirements of design criteria until
unless achieved the best suitable
pile design for given structure.
32. Type of Pile Designing methods
• Pile design software used for the analysis
of modelling the shoring of excavations in stratified
soil using sheet pile walls. Calculation methods are
based on the British Steel Piling Handbook and the
US Steel Sheet Piling Design Manual as we as per
base on given data.
2-Computerized
34. CONCLUSIONS
Bored pile is usually ignored due to doubts in cleaning.
If it is not possible for the case of the dry hole and the
inspection of the base, the basic resistance with the
corresponding mobilizing factor can be considered.
For the design of bored piles in the ground, the two common
methods, namely semi-empirical and simplified methods of soil
mechanics, are mostly used to determine the final piling
capacity.
The use of load transfer method is important to optimize the pile
design for value engineering and also provide settlement
performance.
35. CONCLUSIONS
The use of the load transfer method is important in order to optimize
the pile design for value engineering and also provide settlement
performance.
For rock socket pile design, design approach and charts with
consideration of socket roughness, rock strength, rock mass stiffness
and socket geometry are presented and discussed.
For the design of rock socket, the design approach and the tables are
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bushings, the rock thickness, the rock resistance and the geometry of
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Instrumentation test pile is used for design optimization and value
engineering if there are enough pile points for the project to justify the
testing cost.
36. Recommendations
The results of this research indicates that improvements in
designing friction piles are important to benefit from the
advantages involved in the design. The following items
provide the required recommendations to be implemented:
The collected data from this project should be planned into a
central database. Creating a database will be the most
effective way to view and use the data that have been collected
in an effort to calibrate regional Load Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD) resistance factors.
Incorporating the effects of pile setup into design would
provide the ability to reduce pile lengths and pile sizes which
may not be considered.
37. Recommendations
A standardized pile driving record needs to be kept during the
installation of all piles in the projects. The information in this
document should fully describe the project, location of the pile
with respect to the structure, pile length, and blow count per foot
during installation. Even though the data collected in a pile
driving record are simple, they can be used to generally evaluate
the consistency in the subsurface in the location of the piles. The
pile driving records should be made part of the “as built” plans of
record.
Additional research grade static pile load tests should be
performed in ongoing construction projects to increase the
reliability and validity of the current data sets collected. Pile setup
is an important factor in piles friction into clay deposits.
Incorporating the effects of pile setup into design would provide
the ability to reduce pile lengths and pile sizes that may not be
considered.