This document discusses factors to consider when planning and designing public buildings. It begins by defining public buildings as those used by the public, such as government offices. Key factors discussed include site selection criteria like operational needs, accessibility, parking, landscaping, fire safety, and HVAC systems. Public buildings are classified as dependent, independent, or institutional. The document also discusses elements of shopping mall design like store planning, space allocation, layouts, and circulation. Overall it provides an overview of important design considerations for public buildings.

1. MINSTRY OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION UKRAINE KHARKIV NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MOUNTAIN ECONOMICS.A.N . BEKETOV
Album of the course project on the discipline
Modern trends in the formation of basics of designign public
buildings
EL ABBADI INASSE
GR: A-2017-4

2. PUBLIC BUILDING
 It means used either
ordinarily or occasionally
by the public such as
offices of state or central
government or local
authorities.

3. Planning Of Public Building
These are the building other than residential building.
The design of public building depends on nature of the
building (school, hospital, office, police station etc..)
Every building has its own special character, function and
other requirement.

4. Site Selection Criteria
 Many parameters impact the choice of the building site:
 The operational requirements of the business such as a need for
railroad/highway access.
 The structure may require use of a lot of over-the-road haulers thus
requiring a fairly flat area; at least in the receiving/shipping area.
 Other requirements will be availability of power; the proximity of related
suppliers and location of local labor services or employees.
 Sub-soil conditions and feasibility reports also play a major part of
importance in the selection of site.

5. Factors for site selection
 Some factors which affect lay-out of
public buildings:
 Entrance or reception
 Accessibility
 Parking
 Landscape Planning and Design
 Fire safety
 HVAC – Heating, Ventilation, Air
Conditioning

6. Entrance or reception
 For every public building
some space is required at the
entrance.
 The area of the entrance
shall vary slightly with the
number of person entering
at one time ,it shall not be
less than 2.75 m.

7. Accessibility
 The type of access should be in
coherence with that of surroundings
(example – accessibility from roads).
 Ramps: Gentle slope: 1:12 max. 1800 x
1800 landing after 9m of travel distance.
Width: 1800mm or more. Handrails to be
on both sides and at two levels – 760mm
and 900mm. Extend 300mm beyond top
and bottom of ramp. Warning tile should
be placed at 300mm before and the
ramp edges.

8. Accessibility
 Steps and Stairs: Uniform risers : 150mm
and tread: 300mm. Stair edges should
have 50mm wide, bright/ contrast colour
band. Maximum height of a flight between
landings to be 1200mm.
 Accessible Toilet : A minimum of one toilet
compartment with minimum size of 2000 x
1750mm is required on each floor having
all barrier free provisions.
 Accessible Lift: A minimum of one 13
passenger lift is required having all barrier
free provision.

9. Parking
 The number of vehicles entering and
leaving the building determine the
type of parking – underground or
regular, and their ingress/egress
patterns.
 The type of vehicles using the
parking space determine the height
of underground parking
 Underground parking requires
construction of ramps for vehicles to
move from one level to another

10. Landscaping
 Landscaping refers to any activity
that modifies the visible features
of an area of land
 Commercial buildings utilize
landscaping in the form of
fountains, small parks, artificial
structures, etc
 Adds to the aesthetic appeal of
the building.

11. Landscaping
In the picture: Landscaping in a
mall
In the picture: Landscaping in a hotel

12. Fire Safety
 Fire safety must be ensured in the
building by means of –
 Installation of automatic fire
detection and alarm systems
 Installation of automatic
sprinkler systems
 Providing a fire exit in various
parts of a building
 Ensuring good ventilation
through-out the building

13. HVAC – Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning
 Used as “climate control” mechanism in
medium to large commercial and
industrial buildings.
 Ductwork, and space requirements for
air-conditioning plant and ventilation
system has to be take into account
while deciding the lay-out
 HVAC is necessary where humidity and
temperature must all be closely
regulated whilst maintaining safe and
healthy conditions within

14. CLASSIFICATION OF
PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Dependent buildings
Independent buildings
Institutional buildings

15. Dependent buildings
 These buildings are those whose function are related to each
other such as civic centers art gallery.

16. Independent buildings
 These are the buildings which have to stand alone such as
monumental buildings.

17. Institutional buildings
 Specially consist of school colleges etc.

18. Zones In Education Building
 There are many zones in educational building each zone has got
diff.
functional utility.
Academic
Administrative
Common academic
General

19. Zones In Education Building
Academic
Class rooms
Laboratory
Tutorial room
Administrative
Principals office
Staff room
Office establishment and
account

20. Common Academic
Library
Model room
Recreational -sports
General Amenities
Toilet
Storage space
Water fountain
Parking place
Play ground etc.

21. Principal of planning
 Built in area of a school should
not exceed 25 % of the site area.
The remaining 75% of land is to
be used for sports field and
gardens.
 It should be single storeyed or
double storeyed and rarely three
storeyed.
 Minimum plinth height should
be 0.75 m.

22. Shopping Mall

23. Elements of Mall Architecture
Elements
Store Plannig
Space Allocation
Layout
Circulation
Visual
Communicattions
Retail Identity
POS Signage
Store Design
Exterior Design
Ambiance
Lighting
Merchandising
Fixture Selection
Merchandise Pres..
Visual Merchandising

24. Store Planning
 A schema that shows where the customer service department are
located and how customer circulate through the store and how
much space is dedicated to each department.
 Purpose:
a) Better allocation of space.
b) Proper circulation of crowd.
c) Shrinkage prevention.

25. Allocating Space
 Types of space needed
1. Back room.
2. Office and other functional spaces.
3. Aisles, services areas, and other nonselling areas of the main
sales floor.
4. Wall merchandise space.
5. Floor merchandise space.

26. Free Flow Layout
 Advantages:
1. Allowance for browsing
and wandering freely
2. Increased impulse
purchases
3. Visual appeal
4. Flexibility

27. Free Flow Layout
 Disadvantages:
1. Loitering encouraged
2. Possible confusion
3. Waste of floor space
4. Cost
5. Difficulty of cleaning

28. Grid Layout
 Advantages:
1. Low cost.
2. Customer familiarity.
3. Merchandise exposure.
4. Ease of cleaning.
5. Simplified security.
6. Possibility of self-service.

29. Grid Layout
 Disadvantages:
1. Plain and unintersting.
2. Limited browsing.
3. Stimulation of rushed
shopping behavior.
4. Limited creativity in decor.