. Present study investigates impact of Biofield treatment on physical and atomic properties of Mn3O4. X-ray diffraction revealed the significant effect of biofield on lattice parameter, unit cell volume, molecular weight, crystallite sizes and densities of treated Mn3O4.
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano P...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano P...albertdivis
In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Atomic and Structural Characteristics of Bari...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present study, the barium titanate powder was subjected to biofield treatment. Further, the control and treated samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and Electron spin resonance (ESR).
Cation distribution of Ni2+ and Mg2+ ions improve structure and Magnetic Prop...AI Publications
In the present work, ferromagnetic Ni is slightly substituted for diamagnetic Mg spinal ferrites. The effect of Ni doping on the structural and magnetic properties of ferrites material in the form of NixMg1-xFe2O4 (x = 0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25, .0.3,0.35) has been the study. The Sol-gel auto Combustion method used to combine these substances uses urea as fuel. Sintered samples were shown using X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and a vibrating magnetometer sample. X-ray diffraction revealed that all the composite samples were pure cubic spinel arrays with a Fd3m space band and a permanent lattice that varied with Ni concentrations. the distribution of Ni2 + ions and Mg2+ ions in spinel ferrites indicates various changes in parameters such as tetrahedral ionic radius (rA), octahedral ionic radius (rB), hopping length (LA and LB). Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) simulations showed wire vibration at the tetrahedral site and Octahedral site. spinel ferrites M-H curves are recorded at room temperature indicating normal hysteresis loop indicating the magnetic field.
Greener cum chemical synthesis and characterization of Mg doped ZnS nanoparti...IJERA Editor
In the present investigations, high-quality Mg doped ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized by Greener cum
chemical process with the assistance of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) with two different Mg concentrations.
Doping of Mg metal in nanoparticles were found to be a good technique for tuning the band gap of ZnS
nanoparticles. Simultaneously, Mg doping also inhibited the growth of particle size and it decreased from 33.2
nm to 18.3 nm with the increase in doping concentration from 0% to 5%. Band gap was found to rise from 3.12
eV to 3.38 eV and photoluminescence studies exposed that visible Photoluminescence (PL) emission was
improved with doping concentration. The nanoparticles have been characterized by Field Emission Scanning
Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,
Ultra Violet visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX).
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano P...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano P...albertdivis
In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Atomic and Structural Characteristics of Bari...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present study, the barium titanate powder was subjected to biofield treatment. Further, the control and treated samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and Electron spin resonance (ESR).
Cation distribution of Ni2+ and Mg2+ ions improve structure and Magnetic Prop...AI Publications
In the present work, ferromagnetic Ni is slightly substituted for diamagnetic Mg spinal ferrites. The effect of Ni doping on the structural and magnetic properties of ferrites material in the form of NixMg1-xFe2O4 (x = 0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25, .0.3,0.35) has been the study. The Sol-gel auto Combustion method used to combine these substances uses urea as fuel. Sintered samples were shown using X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and a vibrating magnetometer sample. X-ray diffraction revealed that all the composite samples were pure cubic spinel arrays with a Fd3m space band and a permanent lattice that varied with Ni concentrations. the distribution of Ni2 + ions and Mg2+ ions in spinel ferrites indicates various changes in parameters such as tetrahedral ionic radius (rA), octahedral ionic radius (rB), hopping length (LA and LB). Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) simulations showed wire vibration at the tetrahedral site and Octahedral site. spinel ferrites M-H curves are recorded at room temperature indicating normal hysteresis loop indicating the magnetic field.
Greener cum chemical synthesis and characterization of Mg doped ZnS nanoparti...IJERA Editor
In the present investigations, high-quality Mg doped ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized by Greener cum
chemical process with the assistance of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) with two different Mg concentrations.
Doping of Mg metal in nanoparticles were found to be a good technique for tuning the band gap of ZnS
nanoparticles. Simultaneously, Mg doping also inhibited the growth of particle size and it decreased from 33.2
nm to 18.3 nm with the increase in doping concentration from 0% to 5%. Band gap was found to rise from 3.12
eV to 3.38 eV and photoluminescence studies exposed that visible Photoluminescence (PL) emission was
improved with doping concentration. The nanoparticles have been characterized by Field Emission Scanning
Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,
Ultra Violet visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX).
An Image Analysis Technique to Estimate the Porosity of Rock SamplesIJSRD
This paper discusses the possibilities of determining the porosities of different types of rocks using image analysis technique. Before the use of image analysis stereological research for analysis of porosity were conducted by traditional methods which were time consuming and lacked accuracy. The method proposed in this paper determines the porosity by computing the part of the whole sample for which the pores account. The steps involved in the above method are a series of contextual, non-context and morphological operations that are commonly used in image processing and analysis. The procedure was tested on thin sections of sandstone and limestone rock samples. The results were computed in the form of total porosity which includes all types porosities observed in rocks including isolated and connected porosities. The porosity obtained can also be called as visual porosity. Values obtained show that the method proposed can lead to satisfying results. Obtained porosity values can be used further to determine determine other properties like permeability which play a vital role in the study of diffusion in porous rocks.
The accurate knowledge of the size distribution of
the soil clay particles (φ ≤ 2 μm) can improve the
understanding of the soil surface chemical processes,
which, in their turn, occur mainly in this smallest
sized fraction. However, there are few available
techniques for particle size evaluation at the
nanoscale.
Synthesis MgO nanopowder using Sol-gel technique: A critical reviewPratish Rawat
During the last decade, it has realized that when materials are synthesized to nanoscale dimensions, they will show new and remarkably improved physical and chemical properties. Due to its wide and major applications, in-depth investigations have been carried out on metal oxide nanomaterials. A significant amount of research is going on in synthesis and characterization of MgO/PVA nanocomposites. Some of the literature has been reviewed to get the idea about the synthesis and characterization of MgO/PVA nanocomposites using sol-gel technique.
Gel matrix dependence on the dose response properties and diffusion phenomena...inventionjournals
Fricke-gel dosimeters proved to be suitable tools to perform 3D radiotherapy pre-treatment dosimetry. The tissue equivalent gel matrix helpsto preserve the spatial information of the dose. Several gel matrices proved to be suitable for dosimetric purposes. The influence of the gel matrices on both system dose response and diffusion processwasinvestigated. Three gel matrices were considered: Gelatinfrom porcine skin, Agaroseand polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cross-linked with glutaraldehyde(GTA). In these systems, Xylenol-Orange (XO), an iron(III)chelator, forms red-colored complexeswith Fe3+ that eases the optical determination of the dose. However, the dose evaluationresults to be affectedbydifferent XO-Fe3+ complexes that absorb at different wavelengths. In particular,this phenomenon influences the dose response, the calibration curveand the dose threshold.Therefore, a deeper study of the XO-Fe3+ speciation mechanism could lead to a more accurate evaluation of the dose. A novel procedure, based on a laser-beam irradiation, was implemented for the diffusion process evaluation. The diffusion coefficients were calculated for the three gel matrices tested. PVAmatrix proved to highly limit the diffusion with respect to the other matrices. Further investigations are needed to verify the influence of XO-Fe3+complexeson the diffusion phenomenon.
Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 10 to 1000 nm.
Nanoparticles are made of a macromolecular material which can be of synthetic or natural origin.
Au based nanomaterials (AuNMs) are known to possess many
attractive features such as unique electrical, optical and catalytic
properties as well as excellent biocompatibility. These outstanding
characteristics make them promising candidates as the signal reporters,
enhancement materials or others involved with bioassay, food safety
and environmental monitoring.
Lipophilicity in the context of molecular designPeter Kenny
I did this talk at Simpósio de Simulação Computacional e Avaliação Biológica de Biomoléculas na Amazônia (SSCABBA) in Belem on 12-Sept-2012. The photograph in the title slide was taken in Asunción.
Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Brass Powder After ...albertdivis
Brass, a copper-zinc (Cu-Zn) alloy has gained extensive attention in industries due to its high corrosion resistance, machinability and strength to weight ratio. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on structural and physical properties of brass powder.
Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Brass Powder After ...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on structural and physical properties of brass powder. The brass powder sample was divided into two parts: control and treated.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properties ...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present investigation, Sb2S3 powder samples were exposed to biofield treatment, and further its physical, structural and spectral properties are investigated.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properties ...albertdivis
The present investigation, Sb2S3 powder samples were exposed to biofield treatment, and further its physical, structural and spectral properties are investigated. The particle size analysis showed larger particle size and surface area after treatment.
Influence of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properti...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Boron nitride (BN) is known for high hardness, thermal stability, thermal conductivity, and catalytic action. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on physical, structural and spectral properties of BN powder.
An Image Analysis Technique to Estimate the Porosity of Rock SamplesIJSRD
This paper discusses the possibilities of determining the porosities of different types of rocks using image analysis technique. Before the use of image analysis stereological research for analysis of porosity were conducted by traditional methods which were time consuming and lacked accuracy. The method proposed in this paper determines the porosity by computing the part of the whole sample for which the pores account. The steps involved in the above method are a series of contextual, non-context and morphological operations that are commonly used in image processing and analysis. The procedure was tested on thin sections of sandstone and limestone rock samples. The results were computed in the form of total porosity which includes all types porosities observed in rocks including isolated and connected porosities. The porosity obtained can also be called as visual porosity. Values obtained show that the method proposed can lead to satisfying results. Obtained porosity values can be used further to determine determine other properties like permeability which play a vital role in the study of diffusion in porous rocks.
The accurate knowledge of the size distribution of
the soil clay particles (φ ≤ 2 μm) can improve the
understanding of the soil surface chemical processes,
which, in their turn, occur mainly in this smallest
sized fraction. However, there are few available
techniques for particle size evaluation at the
nanoscale.
Synthesis MgO nanopowder using Sol-gel technique: A critical reviewPratish Rawat
During the last decade, it has realized that when materials are synthesized to nanoscale dimensions, they will show new and remarkably improved physical and chemical properties. Due to its wide and major applications, in-depth investigations have been carried out on metal oxide nanomaterials. A significant amount of research is going on in synthesis and characterization of MgO/PVA nanocomposites. Some of the literature has been reviewed to get the idea about the synthesis and characterization of MgO/PVA nanocomposites using sol-gel technique.
Gel matrix dependence on the dose response properties and diffusion phenomena...inventionjournals
Fricke-gel dosimeters proved to be suitable tools to perform 3D radiotherapy pre-treatment dosimetry. The tissue equivalent gel matrix helpsto preserve the spatial information of the dose. Several gel matrices proved to be suitable for dosimetric purposes. The influence of the gel matrices on both system dose response and diffusion processwasinvestigated. Three gel matrices were considered: Gelatinfrom porcine skin, Agaroseand polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cross-linked with glutaraldehyde(GTA). In these systems, Xylenol-Orange (XO), an iron(III)chelator, forms red-colored complexeswith Fe3+ that eases the optical determination of the dose. However, the dose evaluationresults to be affectedbydifferent XO-Fe3+ complexes that absorb at different wavelengths. In particular,this phenomenon influences the dose response, the calibration curveand the dose threshold.Therefore, a deeper study of the XO-Fe3+ speciation mechanism could lead to a more accurate evaluation of the dose. A novel procedure, based on a laser-beam irradiation, was implemented for the diffusion process evaluation. The diffusion coefficients were calculated for the three gel matrices tested. PVAmatrix proved to highly limit the diffusion with respect to the other matrices. Further investigations are needed to verify the influence of XO-Fe3+complexeson the diffusion phenomenon.
Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 10 to 1000 nm.
Nanoparticles are made of a macromolecular material which can be of synthetic or natural origin.
Au based nanomaterials (AuNMs) are known to possess many
attractive features such as unique electrical, optical and catalytic
properties as well as excellent biocompatibility. These outstanding
characteristics make them promising candidates as the signal reporters,
enhancement materials or others involved with bioassay, food safety
and environmental monitoring.
Lipophilicity in the context of molecular designPeter Kenny
I did this talk at Simpósio de Simulação Computacional e Avaliação Biológica de Biomoléculas na Amazônia (SSCABBA) in Belem on 12-Sept-2012. The photograph in the title slide was taken in Asunción.
Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Brass Powder After ...albertdivis
Brass, a copper-zinc (Cu-Zn) alloy has gained extensive attention in industries due to its high corrosion resistance, machinability and strength to weight ratio. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on structural and physical properties of brass powder.
Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Brass Powder After ...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on structural and physical properties of brass powder. The brass powder sample was divided into two parts: control and treated.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properties ...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present investigation, Sb2S3 powder samples were exposed to biofield treatment, and further its physical, structural and spectral properties are investigated.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properties ...albertdivis
The present investigation, Sb2S3 powder samples were exposed to biofield treatment, and further its physical, structural and spectral properties are investigated. The particle size analysis showed larger particle size and surface area after treatment.
Influence of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properti...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Boron nitride (BN) is known for high hardness, thermal stability, thermal conductivity, and catalytic action. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on physical, structural and spectral properties of BN powder.
Influence of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properti...albertdivis
Boron nitride (BN) is known for high hardness, thermal stability, thermal conductivity, and catalytic action. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on physical, structural and spectral properties of BN powder.
Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Structural Properties of Bro...albertdivis
Bronze, a copper-tin alloy, widely utilizing in manufacturing of gears, bearing, and packing technologies due to its versatile physical, mechanical, and chemical properties. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on physical and structural properties of bronze powder.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Characterization of Physical, Thermal and Structural Properties of Chromium (...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Chromium (VI) oxide (CrO3) has gained extensive attention due to its versatile physical and chemical properties. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical, thermal and structural properties of CrO3 powder. In this study, CrO3 powder was divided into two parts i.e. control and treatment. Control part was remained as untreated and treated part received Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment. Subsequently, control and treated CrO3 samples were characterized using Thermo gravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). DTA showed that the melting point of treated CrO3 was increased upto 212.65°C (T3) as compared to 201.43°C in control. In addition, the latent heat of fusion was reduced upto 51.70% in treated CrO3 as compared to control. TGA showed the maximum thermal decomposition temperature (Tmax) around 330°C, was increased upto 340.12°C in treated CrO3 sample. XRD data revealed that lattice parameter and unit cell volume of treated CrO3 samples were reduced by 0.25 and 0.92% respectively, whereas density was increased by 0.93% in treated CrO3 sample as compared to control. The crystallite size of treated CrO3 was increased from 46.77 nm (control) to 60.13 nm after biofield treatment. FT-IR spectra showed the absorption peaks corresponding to Cr=O at 906 and 944 cm-1 in control, which were increased to 919 and 949 cm¬1 in treated CrO3 after biofield treatment. Overall, these results suggest that biofield treatment has substantially altered the physical, thermal and structural properties of CrO3 powder.
Characterization of Physical, Thermal and Structural Properties of Chromium (...albertdivis
Chromium (VI) oxide (CrO3) has gained extensive attention due to its versatile physical and chemical properties. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical, thermal and structural properties of CrO3 powder.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Structural and Dielectric Studies of Cerium Substituted Nickel Ferrite Nano P...theijes
Cerium substituted Nickel ferrite nanoparticles with general formula NiCeXFe2-XO4 (x=0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) have been synthesized by using sol-gel method. The crystalline structure and grain size of these particles were analyzed by using XRD; the particle size ranged from 12.22nm to 17.60nm.The decrease in value of the lattice parameter with doping suggests that there is shrinkage in unit cell. The single-phase cubic spinal structure was clearly indicated by the XRD patterns of pure NiFe2O4.The XRD pattern also show that all the samples had formed the cubic single phase spinal structure. Dielectric properties have been studied in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 5 MHz. Permittivity and tangent loss (tanδ) decreases with the substitution of Ce3+ in parent crystal structure.
Effect of calcination on the electrical properties and quantum confinement of...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of calcination on the electrical properties and quantum confinement of...eSAT Journals
Abstract Fe2O3 nanoparticles have been prepared by a simple solvothermal method using a domestic microwave oven. X-ray powder diffraction measurement indicates the amorphous nature of the as-prepared sample. Calcined samples were obtained by annealing the as-prepared sample at different temperatures, viz. 400, 500, 600 and 700oC. Transmission electron microscopic images indicate that all the five samples are spherical in shape. AC electrical measurements were carried out on pelletized samples by the parallel plate capacitor method at various temperatures ranging from 40-130oC and frequencies ranging from 100 Hz -1 MHz. Results indicate low AC electrical conductivities and consequently show the occurrence of nano confined states. The exciton Bohr radii obtained from the dielectric constant values at 40oC temperature and 1 kHz frequency are 41.8, 54.8, 55.3, 56.3 and 27.0 respectively for the as-prepared sample and samples calcined at 400, 500, 600 and 700oC which indicate a strong quantum confinement effect. The impedance spectra observed exhibit non-ideal behavior. Keywords: Semiconductors, Magnetic materials, Nanoparticles, Electrical properties
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Thermal, Physical and Structural Prope...albertdivis
Cadmium is widely utilized in nickel-cadmium batteries, stabilizers, and coating applications due to its versatile physico-chemical properties. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on atomic, thermal, and physical properties of cadmium powder.
Porosity and the Magnetic Properties of Aluminium Doped Nickel Ferriteijtsrd
The nanocrystalline particles of Aluminium Al doped nickel Ni ferrites with general formula NiAlxFe2 xO4 x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 were synthesized by sol gel auto combustion technique. The formation of single phase cubic spinel was confirmed by X ray diffraction analyses. Morphological features of the samples are studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM to examine the particle size, shape and homogeneity of sample. The magnetic hysteresis graphs were obtained to understand their magnetic behaviours. The relative permeability µr of AlNi ferrite samples shows a decrease for all samples as Al content increases. Sandar Oo | Ye Wint Tun | Shwe Zin Oo "Porosity and the Magnetic Properties of Aluminium Doped Nickel Ferrite" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25240.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/25240/porosity-and-the-magnetic-properties-of-aluminium-doped-nickel-ferrite/sandar-oo
Preparation of lithium ferrite nanoparticles by high energy ball milling and ...IJERA Editor
Ferrites are ferrimagnetic ceramic materials with inherent useful electromagnetic properties. Of them, spinelstructured ferrites are promising materials for microwave device applications; stress/torsion sensors and energy storage applications like anode materials in lithium batteries, fuel cells, solar cells etc. Nanostructured spinels further have high and wide scope of potential applications. In the present study, two different types of varied sized ferrimagnetic lithium ferrite spinel nanoparticles prepared using chemical sol-gel auto-combustion method were chosen. The prepared spinel particles were heated at 300°C for 1h. After heating the powders were milled using a High Energy Ball Mill for 30 minutes to further grind the particles and then subjected to various characterizations. Structural characterization was done using X-Ray Diffraction Method (XRD). The study revealed the spinel structure of these samples. Structural parameter such as lattice constant was determined using XRD data and found that the lattice parameter agrees with the standard data. DLS study found the agglomerations of the nanoparticles. The synthesized nanospinel particles were also characterized by the UVVis Spectroscopy, the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Finally the magnetic hysteresis properties were studied using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM)
Influence of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Structural Characteristics of...albertdivis
Barium oxide (BaO) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) are well known for their applications in electrical, optical and chemical industries. The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on the structural and physical properties of BaO and ZnS powder.
Research by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi - Atomic, Crystalline and Powder Character...Abby Keif
Research on Trivedi Effect - In the present investigation Zirconium oxide and silicon dioxide powders are exposed to Bio-field. Both the exposed and unexposed powders are later characterized by various techniques. Visit http://works.bepress.com/mahendra_trivedi/11/ for more details.
Similar to Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Atomic and Structural Characteristics of Manganese (II, III) Oxide (20)
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
2. Citation: Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O (2015) Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Atomic and Structural
Characteristics of Manganese (II, III) Oxide. J Material Sci Eng 4: 177. doi:10.4175/2169-0022.1000177
Page 2 of 6
Volume 4 • Issue 3 • 1000177
J Material Sci Eng
ISSN: 2169-0022 JME, an open access journal
of cumulative percent vs. particle size.The surface area of all samples
was measured by surface area analyzer SMART SORB 90 Brunauer-
Emmett-Teller (BET). For atomic and structural level analysis, all
samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) [Phillips,
Holland PW 1710] which has used copper anode with nickel filter and
the wavelength of the radiation 1.54056 Å. The Data obtained from the
XRD system was in the form of a chart of 2θ vs. intensity with a detailed
Table 1 containing peak intensity counts, d, value (Å), peak width (θ0
),
relative intensity (%). The ‘d’ values were compared with a database of
standard JCPDS (Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards).
Lattice parameter and unit cell volume was obtained by using Powder
X software. Crystallite size was computed as:
Crystallite size=[k λ/(b Cosθ)]
Where λ is the wavelength of X-radiation used (1.54056 × 10-10
m)
and k is the equipment constant (0.94).
The molecular weight of atom calculated as:
Molecularweight=numberofprotons×weightofaproton+number
of neutrons × weight of a neutron+number of electrons × weight of an
electron.
Molecular weight in g/Mol was calculated from the weights of all
atoms in a molecule multiplied by the Avogadro number (6.023 × 1023
).
As number of molecules per unit cell is known so the weight of unit cell
can be computed easily by multiplying molecular weight to number
of molecules per unit cell. Density was computed as the ratio of the
weight of the unit cell to the volume of the unit cell. Micro strain and
dislocation density were calculated[9]as: Micro strain=[b cosθ/4]
Dislocation density=[1/(Crystallite size)2
]
Percentage change in lattice parameter was calculated as:
% change in lattice parameter=100 × (Δa/ac
)
Where Δa is the difference in lattice parameter of control and
treated powders and ac
is the lattice parameter of control powder.
Percentage change in volume, molecular weight, density, micro strain;
dislocation density was computed in a similar manner. IR spectra were
evaluated using Perkin Elmer, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)
Spectrometer, in the range of 300-4000/cm. Paramagnetic properties
were characterized by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), E-112 ESR
Spectrometer of Varian USA of X-band microwave frequency (9.5
GHz), which had sensitivity of 5 × 1010, ΔH spins.
Results and Discussions
Particle size and surface area analysis
The particle size determination of ceramic materials provides
superior control over a range of product performance characteristics.
The particle size of Mn3
O4
was determined and illustrated in Figure 1.
The average particle size (d50
) in treated sample was increased upto13%
and then further was decreased by 3%.
Contrarily particle size d99
(size below which 99% particles present)
was reduced by 5.5% in treated Mn3
O4
samples. Surface area of the
Mn3
O4
was measured by using BET analysis, and results are presented
in Figure 2 and Tables 2 and 3. The Surface area of treated powders
was reduced by 10% in 99 days after biofield treatment. Initially surface
area were decreased by 4.5% with corresponding increase in particle
size, however after 80 days both surface area and particle size were
reduced. The particle size was increased initially, which was supported
by a decrease in surface area due to the agglomeration of fine particles.
Nevertheless a decrease in both particle size and surface area after
80 days indicate that coarse particles would have fractured into finer
particles with sharp edges and corners.
X-ray diffraction (XRD)
Mn3
O4
ceramic powder was subjected to XRD analysis to
investigate its crystalline nature and Powder X software was used
to calculate various atomic and structural parameters. The XRD
diffractogram of control and treated Mn3
O4
samples are illustrated in
Figures 3a-3e. In the XRD diffractogram, only Mn3
O4
phase appears
with intense crystalline peaks (JCPDS Card No. 0041-1442) at Braggs
angle 2θ=17.8°, 28.7°, 32.2°, 36°, 37.8 °, 44.2°, 50.4°, 58.2°, 59.6°, 64.6°,
73.8°. These crystalline peaks are attributed to plane (101), (112), (103),
(211), (004), (220), (105), (321), (224), (400) and (413) respectively.
The intensity of peaks increased in treated Mn3
O4
samples along (103),
(211), and (224) direction confirming increased crystallinity in treated
samples Figures 3b-3e. This result indicates that biofield treatment is
directly acting upon the ceramic crystals inducing more long range
order; thereby facilitating crystallization of the ceramic samples.
Figure 4 shows that the lattice parameter was reduced in treated
samples from 0.25% to -0.30% in time period of 16 to 147 days. It
was found that reduction in lattice parameter caused reduction in
volume of unit cell and increase in density (Figure 4). Additionally
molecular weight was decreased by around -0.50 to -0.60 % in treated
Mn3
O4
samples in 147 days. The crystallite size was calculated from the
XRD graph and the results are presented in Figure 5. The crystallite
size was significantly enhanced by 96% in treated Mn3
O4
samples in
No. of days after treatment Control Sample
Day 1
Treated powder
after 11 Days (T1)
Treated powder
after 85 Days (T2)
Treated powder
after 99 Days (T3 )
Treated powder
after 105 Days (T4)
Average particle Size d50
(µm) 6.1 6.9 5.9 6.1 6.1
Percent change in Average Particle size (d50
) - 13.1 -3.3 0 0
d99, Size below which 99% particles present (µm) 31.1 29.4 28.4 28.4 29
Percent change in particle size d99
(%) - -5.5 -8.7 -8.7 -6.8
Table 1: Particle size of control and treated sample of Mn3
O4
.
No. of days after treatment Control 11 85 90
Surface Area (m2
/g) 3.08 2.95 2.95 2.77
Percentage Change in Surface
Area (%)
- -4.083 -4.259 -9.951
Table 2: Surface area result of control and treated sample of Mn3
O4
after biofield treatment.
3. Citation: Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O (2015) Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Atomic and Structural
Characteristics of Manganese (II, III) Oxide. J Material Sci Eng 4: 177. doi:10.4175/2169-0022.1000177
Page 3 of 6
Volume 4 • Issue 3 • 1000177
J Material Sci Eng
ISSN: 2169-0022 JME, an open access journal
147 days, which could be due to the reorientation of the planes in the
same direction and unhindered movements of dislocations across
grain boundaries, which causes reduction of dislocation density by
50% (Figure 1). Nevertheless the movement of dislocations needs large
amount of energy, so it is believed that energy used for this process
was provided by two different sources: biofield and the energy released
during conversion of mass (as per Einstein energy equation E=mc2
).
This fact was well supported by loss in molecular weight of treated
Mn3
O4
sample. The large difference in crystallite size and particle size
can be explained by the cumulative effect of fracturing, agglomeration
and consolidation process induced by energy milling through biofield
treatment. Moreover the noticeable decrease in micro strain and
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
PercentChangeinParticleSize(%)
No. of Days After Treatment
d50
d99
Figure 1: Percent change in Particle size d50
and d99
result of treated Mn3
O4
samples with time after treatment.
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
PercentChange
No. of Days After treatment
Surface Area
d50
Figure 2: Average particle size (d50
) and surface area of treated Mn3
O4
sample
with time after treatment.
Figure 3a: XRD spectra of Control Mn3
O4
Sample.
Figure 3b: XRD spectra of Treated Mn3
O4
Sample T1 (16 days after biofield
treatment).
Figure 3c: XRD spectra of Treated Mn3
O4
Sample T2 (106 days after biofield
treatment).
Figure 3d: XRD spectra of Treated Mn3
O4
Sample T3 (131 days after biofield
treatment).
Figure 3e: XRD spectra of Treated Mn3
O4
Sample T4 (147 days after biofield
treatment).
4. Citation: Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O (2015) Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Atomic and Structural
Characteristics of Manganese (II, III) Oxide. J Material Sci Eng 4: 177. doi:10.4175/2169-0022.1000177
Page 4 of 6
Volume 4 • Issue 3 • 1000177
J Material Sci Eng
ISSN: 2169-0022 JME, an open access journal
dislocation density also supports the above observation Figure 5.
FT-IR spectroscopy
The FT-IR spectra of control and treated Mn3
O4
samples are
presented in Figures 6a and 6b. The FT-IR of control sample showed
vibration peak at 651/cm that corresponds to Mn-O stretching in
tetrahedral and 563/cm corresponds to Mn+3
-O in octahedral positions
[33]. Other important peaks were observed at 3500/cm and 1500/cm
which were attributed to weakly bound moisture (water molecules) in
treated and control samples [33]. In Figure 6a, it was found that the
treated sample T1 has not showed any peak in the fingerprint region
450-700/cm, which was quite unexpected. It can be hypothesized that
Mn-O bond was no longer exists, or strength of Mn-O bond was greatly
reduced. Contrarily treated sample T2 showed intense absorption
peaks at 557cm-1
and 613/cm which was responsible to Mn-O in
octahedral and Mn+3
-O in tetrahedral position respectively Figure 6b.
It was also noticed that vibration peaks were shifted to lower wavenumber
as compared to control sample that indicates that Mn-O bond length was
reduced Figure 6b. Therefore, IR spectra revealed that Mn-O bond length
and bond force constant was significantly altered by biofield.
Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy
The ESR spectra analysis result of control and treated Mn3
O4
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
16 106 131 147
ChangeinCharacteristicsafter
TretamentinPercentag(%)
No. of Days After Treatment
PercentChange in Lattice
parameter "a"
PercentChange in volume
PercentChange in Density
PercentChange in Molecular
weight
Figure 4: Change in lattice parameter, unit cell volume, molecular weight and
density of treated Mn3
O4
sample with time after treatment.
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 50 100 150 200
ChangeinCharacteristicsafter
TretamentinPercentag(%)
No. of Days After treatment
PercentChange in
CrystallineSize
Percent change in Micro
Strain
Percentagechange in
Dislocationdensity
Figure 5: Percent change in Crystallite size, micro strain and dislocation
density of treated Mn3
O4
samples with time after treatment.
Figure 6a: FT-IR spectra of control and treatedMn3
O4
sample T1.
Figure 6b: FT-IR spectra of control and treatedMn3
O4
sample T2.
Control Sample
Day 1
16 Days after
treatment (T1)
106 Days after
treatment (T2)
131 Days after
treatment (T3)
147 Days after
treatment (T4)
Lattice parameter (a) (A°) 5.810984 5.796193526 5.797734 5.796267 5.793405
Percent Change in Lattice Parameter (%) -0.25452492 -0.22802 -0.25326 -0.30251
Volume of unit cell (A°) 3.17662 3.16047 3.16215 3.16055 3.15743
Percent Change in volume (%) -0.50840201 -0.45552 -0.50588 -0.6041
Density 4.828738 4.853413148 4.850835 4.85329 4.858086
Percent Change in Density (%) 0.510999946 0.4576 0.508456 0.607773
Molecular weight (g/mol) 233.4512 232.2643677 232.3878 232.2702 232.041
Percent Change in Molecular weight (%) -0.50840201 -0.45552 -0.50588 -0.6041
Crystalline Size (nm) 87 108.8 108.8 145.03 170.76
Percent Change in Crystalline Size (%) 20.04800909 20.03084 50.02997 96.28
Micro Strain 0.000416 0.00033275 0.000333 0.00025 0.000212
Percent change in Micro Strain (%) -20.0367647 -20.0368 -40.0124 -49.0513
Dislocation Density (lines/m2
) × 1015
0.132118 0.084477725 0.084478 0.047543 0.034295
Percentage change in Dislocation density (%) -36.05881 -36.0588 -64.0149 -74.0423
Table 3: Atomic and crystal structure characteristics of Mn3
O4,
computed result from XRD.
5. Citation: Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O (2015) Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Atomic and Structural
Characteristics of Manganese (II, III) Oxide. J Material Sci Eng 4: 177. doi:10.4175/2169-0022.1000177
Page 5 of 6
Volume 4 • Issue 3 • 1000177
J Material Sci Eng
ISSN: 2169-0022 JME, an open access journal
samples are illustrated in Figure 7. It was found that the g-factor
was slightly increased by 0.15%, which indicated that the angular
momentum of the electrons in the atom was probably increased
through biofield treatment. It was also observed that the spin resonance
signal width of the treated sample was broadened by 11%, which could
be due to the increase in dipole-dipole and electrostatic interaction
among Mn ions with other mixed valance states [34,35]. Additionally,
the resonance signal peak intensity was increased by 16% that might
be due to the clustering of spins on the particle surface, that may led to
enhanced the magnetisation of treated Mn3
O4
samples. This result was
also supported by increase in crystallinity and particle size [9]. Further
it was hypothesized that during high energy milling through biofield
treatment, spins may get clustered on the surface and enhanced the
magnetisation. Furthermore, particle size analysis showed increase
in particle size which is associated with the increase in volume of
individual particles. Further, the increase in volume of individual
particle led to enhanced the magnetic moment in individual particles
of treated Mn3
O4
[17].
Conclusion
Current research work investigates the modulation of crystalline,
physical, atomic and magnetic properties of Mn3
O4
ceramic powders
using Mr. Trivedi‘s biofield. The particle size of Mn3
O4
powder
was increased after biofield treatment, which results into reduced
surface area, which may be due to combine effect of rupturing and
agglomeration process. XRD result demonstrated that biofield had
significantly reduced the unit cell volume by 0.60%, that was probably
due to compressive stress applied during energy milling. Biofield
exposed sample showed the larger crystalline size as compared to
control Mn3
O4
, which was mainly due to reduction of the dislocation
density and microstrain cause reorientation of neighbouring planes in
same direction and thereby increasing crystallite size. The reduction
in dislocation density and microstrain could have led to enhance
the paramagnetic behaviour of Mn3
O4
. ESR results revealed that
magnetization and spin-spin atomic interaction of treated sample was
enhanced, which may be due to increasing in spin cluster density and
high crystallinity respectively. Hence the increase in spin cluster density
could lead to enhance the magnetisation of Mn3
O4
nanopowders.These
excellent results indicates that biofield treated Mn3
O4
ceramic powders
can be used as novel materials for fabricating magnetic data storage
devices and future research is needed to explore its further applications.
Acknowledgement
We would like to give thanks to all the staff of various laboratories for supporting
us in conducting experiments. Special thanks to Dr Cheng Dong of NLSC, Institute
Change in g factor Change in signal width Change in signal height
Treated 0.15 11.11 16.67
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
PercentChangeincharactersticsin
Treatedsample(%)
Figure 7: Percent change in g-factor, ESR signal width and ESR signal height
of treated Mn3
O4
sample as compared to control.
of Physics and Chinese academy of sciences for providing the facilities to use
PowderX software for analyzing XRD results.
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6. Citation: Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O (2015) Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Atomic and Structural
Characteristics of Manganese (II, III) Oxide. J Material Sci Eng 4: 177. doi:10.4175/2169-0022.1000177
Page 6 of 6
Volume 4 • Issue 3 • 1000177
J Material Sci Eng
ISSN: 2169-0022 JME, an open access journal
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Citation: Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O (2015)
Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Atomic and Structural
Characteristics of Manganese (II, III) Oxide. J Material Sci Eng 4: 177.
doi:10.4175/2169-0022.1000177