Stress is the body's reaction to any demand placed on it and can be caused by both external and internal factors. The document discusses the physiological and psychological effects of stress and outlines several models for understanding stress, including the general adaptation syndrome which describes the body's short and long-term reactions to stress through alarm, resistance, and exhaustion stages. It also provides strategies for managing stress through changing one's thinking, behavior, and lifestyle with techniques like reframing, exercise, relaxation, and time management.
Stress is a real or interpreted threat to the physiological or psycho social and/or behavioral response due to various factor that have to managed so that it may not lead into fatal psychiatric conditions
The term stress was introduced in medicine in 1949 by Canadian endocrinologist – Hans Selye. To him, stress is described as the body’s adjustment to a new circumstance, and the body’s stereotypical and non-specific response to environmental stimuli that disrupt a personal balance, and described also as a psychosomatic mechanism to regulate and balance the tensions, which means the perception and preparation of the body to the specific loads.
Stress is a real or interpreted threat to the physiological or psycho social and/or behavioral response due to various factor that have to managed so that it may not lead into fatal psychiatric conditions
The term stress was introduced in medicine in 1949 by Canadian endocrinologist – Hans Selye. To him, stress is described as the body’s adjustment to a new circumstance, and the body’s stereotypical and non-specific response to environmental stimuli that disrupt a personal balance, and described also as a psychosomatic mechanism to regulate and balance the tensions, which means the perception and preparation of the body to the specific loads.
Effective stress management helps you break the hold stress has on your life, so you can be happier, healthier, and more productive. The ultimate goal is a balanced life, with time for work, relationships, relaxation, and fun—and the resilience to hold up under pressure and meet challenges head on.
Youtube link :- https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=medic+o+mania
Stress Management (causes of stress n how to manage them) by Sukant GUptaSukant Gupta
this is all for the stress management in which i have tried to cover all the topics n facts that causes for the stress and how to manage the stress. This ppt is for the engineering student as well as for the management student.Hope it may help you :)
This presentation consists of stress, types of stress, types of stressors, sources of stress, models of stress, stress management, coping strategies, coping methods
Effective stress management helps you break the hold stress has on your life, so you can be happier, healthier, and more productive. The ultimate goal is a balanced life, with time for work, relationships, relaxation, and fun—and the resilience to hold up under pressure and meet challenges head on.
Youtube link :- https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=medic+o+mania
Stress Management (causes of stress n how to manage them) by Sukant GUptaSukant Gupta
this is all for the stress management in which i have tried to cover all the topics n facts that causes for the stress and how to manage the stress. This ppt is for the engineering student as well as for the management student.Hope it may help you :)
This presentation consists of stress, types of stress, types of stressors, sources of stress, models of stress, stress management, coping strategies, coping methods
Charged Syndrome a rare genetic disease.A very complex syndrome involving extensive medical and physical difficulties
This disease occurs in about one in every 9-10,000 births worldwide
Notes on one of the IB HL Psychology options: Health. All about stress: its biological, cognitive, and social factors. Good advice too for those of us stressed out by IB testing!
lecture 27 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, Seyle
Know what is stress, what are the signs and symptoms of stress, also the causes and effects, what are stressors, how we have been reacting to stress, chronic stress and learn how to manage stress.
STRESS. Medical Surgical Nursing ....pptxPatelVedanti
Stress is a normal human reaction that happens to everyone. In fact, the human body is designed to experience stress and react to it.
When you experience changes or challenges (stressors), your body produces physical and mental responses. That’s stress.
Stress responses help your body adjust to new situations.
Stress can be positive, keeping us alert, motivated and ready to avoid danger.
For example, if you have an important test coming up, a stress response might help your body work harder and stay awake longer.
But stress becomes a problem when stressors continue without relief or periods of relaxation.
Stress is the non specific response of the body to any kind of demand made upon it.
-Hans Selye, 1956
Stress is the arousal of mind and body in response to demands made upon them.
-Schafer, 2000
A stressor is any event, experience, or environmental stimulus that causes stress in an individual.
These events or experiences are perceived as threats or challenges to the individual and can be either physical or psychological.
Researchers have found that stressors can make individuals more prone to both physical and psychological problems, including heart disease and anxiety.
In psychology, researchers generally classify the different types of stressors into four categories:
Crises/Catastrophes,
Major Life Events,
Daily Hassles/Micro Stressors, And
Ambient Stressors.
Crises/Catastrophes
This type of stressor is unforeseen and unpredictable and, as such, is completely out of the control of the individual.
Examples of crises and catastrophes include: devastating natural disasters, such as major floods, earthquakes, wars, pandemics etc….
Though rare in occurrence, this type of stressor typically causes a great deal of stress in a person's life.
Major life events
Common examples of major life events include: marriage, going to college, death of a loved one, birth of a child, divorce, moving houses etc…
These events, either positive or negative, can create a sense of uncertainty and fear, which will ultimately lead to stress.
For instance, research has found the elevation of stress during the transition from high school to university, with college freshmen being about two times more likely to be stressed than final year students.
Research has found major life events are somewhat rare to be major causes of stress, due to its rare occurrences.
Daily Hassles/Microstressors
This category includes daily annoyances and minor hassles.
Examples include: making decisions, meeting deadlines at work or school, traffic jams, encounters with irritating personalities, etc.
Often, this type of stressor includes conflicts with other people.
Daily stressors, however, are different for each individual, as not everyone perceives a certain event as stressful.
For example, most people find public speaking to be stressful, nevertheless, a seasoned politician most likely will not.
Daily hassles are the most frequently occurring.
Historical background
Definition
Age of onset
Signs and Symptoms
DSM V Criteria
Comorbidity
Prevelance and Epidemiology
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Treatment
Conclusion
Definition
Subtype of specific phobia
Age of onset
Signs and Symptoms
DSM V Criteria
Comorbidity
Prevelance and Epidemiology
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Treatment
Historical background
Definition
Binge Purge Cycle
Age of onset
Signs and Symptoms
DSM V Criteria
Comorbidity
Prevelance and Epidemiology
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Treatment
Conclusion
Famous Celebrities
Case study
2. STRESS
“Stress is the reaction people have toward excessive
pressures or other types of demand placed upon them. It
arises when they worry that they can’t cope (Rubenstein,
1999)”
Our body’s physical and emotional reaction to
circumstances or events that frighten, irritate, confuse,
endanger, or excite us.
3.
4. STRESS
• Stress is a part of life
• Stress can be acute or chronic.
• Stress can be self-controlled
• Stress prepares a person to react to the causing
event/stressor
• Nurturance is another factor that affects the way people
handle stress
5. Physiological stressors
illness, lack of sleep, poor nutrition etc.
Cognitive / Psychological factors
attitude, belief, our own thoughts
Socio-cultural stressors
financial problem, relationship
problems, work
Environmental stressors
heat, cold, noise, traffic, pollution etc.
(Rubenstein, 1999).
SOURCES OF STRESS
7. Daily Life Hassles
They are the minor stressors which are short-term or
less severe such as events or problems including
traffic hassles, peer/work relations, time pressures.
They can cause feelings of
sickness, and lack of sleep and
concentration (Corbin,
Corbin & Welk, 2008).
MAJOR CATEGORIES OF STRESS (continued)
8. Major Life Events
They are either positive or negative, which create
major emotional changes or require tremendous
amounts of adjustments.
They include personal crisis (health issues, death in
family, divorce, financial problems).
Major age related transitions such as marriage, child
birth, career or retirement (Corbin, Corbin & Welk, 2008).
MAJOR CATEGORIES OF STRESS (continued)
9. THE LIFE EVENTS SCALES FOR STRESS
Life Event Value
Death of spouse 100
Divorce 73
Death of close relative 63
Marriage 50
Fired from job 47
Pregnancy 40
Relationship difficulties 39
Change in finances 38
Death of close friend 37
Son/daughter leaving home 29
Trouble with in-laws 29
10. Internal Stressors
Lifestyle choices: Caffeine, Lack of sleep’ Overloaded
schedule
Negative self: Pessimistic thinking, Over analysing
Mind traps: Unrealistic expectations, All or nothing
thinking
Personality traits: Perfectionists,
Workaholics (Rubenstein, 1999).
MAJOR CATEGORIES OF STRESS (continued)
11. EFFECTS OF STRESS
Negative effect on physical and psychological well-
being
Positive effect on personality includes motivation and
ability to deal with stressful situations (Rubenstein,
1999).
13. Demand from Self: I should be perfect.
Demand from others: Others should behave, as I
want them to behave.
Demand from the world: All the conditions in the
world should be in my favor.
IRRATIONAL BELIEFS LEADING TO STRESS
14.
15. Self Generated Stress
Most of the stress we experience is self-generated.
How we perceive life - whether an event makes us
feel threatened or stimulated, encouraged or
discouraged, happy or sad - depends to a large extent
on how we perceive ourselves.
Self-generated stress is something of a paradox,
because so many people think of external causes when
they are upset.
Recognising that we create most of our own upsets is
an important first step towards coping with them
(Rubenstein, 1999).
17. Symptoms of Stress
Physical symptoms
Poor performance
Increased sickness
Cold and sweaty palms
Headache / backache
Jaw pain
Heartburn
Diarrhea
Behavioral symptoms
Increased use alcohol or
drugs
Difficult relationships
Reduced social contact
Poor judgment /
indecision
Loss of appetite
Irritability
Tearfulness
18. STRESS
Behavioural
Sleep disturbance
Use of alcohol/drugs
Absenteeism
Aggression
Emotional
Depression/anxiety
Irritability
Crying
Suicide
Loss of humour
Worrying
Cognitive
Lack of concentration
Negative thoughts
Poor Memory
Biochemical
Increased metabolic rate
Altered hormone levels
Altered endorphin levels
Physiological
Higher blood pressure
Rapid breathing
Increased heart rate
Dilation of pupils
Muscle tension
Dry mouth
19. Stress Related illness
Stress is not the same as ill-health, but has been related to
such illnesses as;
Cardiovascular disease
Immune system disease
Asthma
Diabetes
Memory loss
Ulcers
Skin complaints - psoriasis
Headaches and migraines
Eating disorders
Depression
20. General Adaptation Syndrome
(GAS)
GAS, is a term used to describe the body's short-term
and long-term reactions to stress.
It represents a three-stage reaction to stress.
He called these stages:
Alarm reaction (AR)
Stage of resistance (SR)
Stage of exhaustion (SE)
(Rubenstein, 1999).
21. Stage 1: Alarm Reaction (AR)
The alarm reaction, is the immediate reaction to a
stressor.
In the initial phase of stress, humans exhibit aa "fight or"fight or
flight"flight" response, which prepares the body for physical
activity.
22. Changes in body
Cardiac - increased heart rate
Respiratory - increased respiration
Skin - decreased temperature
Hormonal - increased stimulation of adrenal
genes which produce an adrenal rush.
23. Stage 2: Stage of Resistance (SR)
Stage 2 might also be named the stage of adaptation,
instead of the stage of resistance.
The body has reacted to the stressor and adjusted in a way
that begins to allow the body to return to homeostasis.
If a stressful condition persists, your body adapts by a
continued effort in resistance and remains in a state of
arousal.
25. Stage 3: Stage of Exhaustion (SE)
In the exhaustion phase, the physical and psychological
energy used to fight a stressor has been depleted.
Short-term stress would probably not deplete all of a
person's energy reserves, but chronic stressors, such as the
struggle to get straight As, financial worries, or fights with
family and friends may create continuous states of alarm
and resistance.
When a person no longer has the adaptation energy stores
for fighting a distressor, serious illness may result.
26. Changes in body
Chronic sadness or depression
Chronic mental and physical fatigue
Chronic stress related illnesses (headache, stomach
ache, bowel problems, etc.)
Isolation, withdrawal, self-destructive thoughts
29. ABC Strategy
A = AWARENESS:
What causes you stress?
How do you react?
B = BALANCE:
There is a fine line between positive /negative stress.
How much can you cope with stress before it becomes
negative?
C = CONTROL:
What can you do to help yourself combat the negative effects
of stress?
(Corbin, Corbin & Welk, 2008)
32. Change Your Thinking
A person can change his
thinking through:
Re-framing
Positive thinking
33. Change Your Thinking
Reframing:
Re-framing is a technique to change the way a person
looks at things in order to feel better about them.
There are many ways to interpret a certain
situation. So, pick the one you like
(Rubenstein, 1999).
34. Change Your Thinking (Cont.)
Reframing:
Re-framing does not change the external
reality, but helps you view things in a
different light and less stressfully.
(Challenge your Beliefs & put it in right perspectives)
35. Change Your Thinking (cont.)
Positive Thinking:
Forget powerlessness, dejection, despair, failure
Stress leaves us vulnerable to negative suggestion so
focus on positives;
Focus on your strengths (Rubenstein,
1999)
36. Change Your Thinking (cont.)
Positive Thinking:
Learn from the stress you are under
Look for opportunities
Seek out the positive - make a change.
37. Change Your Behaviour
Be assertive
Get organised
Ventilation
Humour
Diversion and distraction (Rubenstein,
1999)”
38. Change Your Lifestyle
Diet : Light Diet
Smoking & Alcohol: Reduce or quit
Exercise: Do it regularly
Sleep: Have enough sleep
Leisure: Have time for yourself
Relaxation: Daily for at least 5-10 Minutes self talk
39. Strategies To Reduce Stress
Take control.
Manage your time instead of letting it manage you. Use a to-do list,
follow a written plan, set goals and follow through (Rubenstein,
1999).
Avoid procrastination:
A major cause of stress. Make a realistic list of
things you need to do each day. Do the most
important things first. That way, even if you
don’t finish the list, you get the most important
things done (Rubenstein, 1999).
40. Strategies To Reduce Stress (Cont.)
Join the crowd:
Even though you may think you are the only person in the
world who is experiencing stress, the fact is that everyone
experiences it sometime (Rubenstein, 1999).
Talk to someone:
Find someone you trust, discuss the
problems and look for solutions
(Rubenstein, 1999).
41. Strategies To Reduce Stress (Cont.)
Visualize:
Sit comfortably and think of a favorite place. Imagine yourself
in a successful situation.
Breathe:
Sit quietly, and breathe deeply and slowly. Continue for five or
six breaths. It is calming and the extra dose
of oxygen increases the brain’s thinking
ability (Rubenstein, 1999).
42. Strategies To Reduce Stress (Cont.)
Lighten up:
Take responsibility for your feelings.
When you get angry, take a break
and cool down before you act.
Use it:
A little stress is a good thing. Athletes use it to increase
performance. If you are experiencing a small amount of
anxiety, it can help to keep you active and alert. Use it to
increase your performance (Rubenstein, 1999).
43. Strategies To Reduce Stress (Cont.)
3 ‘C’ Strategy:
Control
Commitment
Challenge
Self-control, commitment and taking your problem as a
challenge make you hardy and product you from stress
(Rubenstein, 1999).
44. Conclusion
You can not control what happens to you
but you can control your attitude towards what happens to
you and in that, you will be mastering change rather than
allowing it to master you.
“Don’t compare yourself with any one in this world. If
you do so, you are insulting your self” (Alen Strike)
(Every one is Unique – accept & respect their uniqueness)
45. REFERENCES
Corbin, C. B., Welk, G.J., & Corbin, W.R. (2008).
Concepts of Fitness and Wellness: A Comprehensive
Lifestyle Approach (8th
ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Rubenstein, L.A. (1999). The Stress Management
Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill.