Walter Cannon and Hans Selye established the scientific basis for stress research through early animal studies. Their work showed that animals experience physiological responses to external pressures like heat, cold, and restraint. Subsequent human studies by Richard Rahe defined stress as caused by distinct life stressors. Hans Selye viewed stress as not inherently bad, depending on one's perspective. Stress is the body's non-specific reaction or response to any change and involves stabilizing processes and self-esteem. It follows a three stage process - alarm, resistance, and exhaustion - depending on the body's ability to adapt. Adaptive coping strategies include managing one's environment, maintaining physical and emotional reserves, relaxation techniques, and meditation.