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Stress & stress management
- 3. HISTORY A key to the understanding of the negative aspects of stress is the concept of milieu interieur (the internal environment of the body), which was first advanced by the French physiologist Claude Bernard. He described it as external changes in the environment or external forces that change the internal balance must be reacted to and compensated for if the organism is to survive.
- 4. STRESS: WHAT IS IT? Althoughwe all talk about stress, it often isn’t clear what stress is really about. Many people consider stress to be something that happens to them, as a negative event such as an injury or a job loss. Others think that stress is what happens to our body, mind, and behavior in response to an event (E.g. heart thumping, anxiety, or nail biting).
- 6. STRESS & STRESSOR Stress : A person’s response to events that are threatening or challenging. Stressor : A stimulus that causes stress
- 7. STRESS & STRESSOR “Its not stress that kills us, it is our reaction to it.” Hans Selye
- 9. EUSTRESS: GOOD STRESS Getting into college. Getting engaged. Winning the lottery.
- 10. DISTRESS: STRESS FROM BAD SOURCES Difficult work environment. Threat of personal injury. Diseases.
- 11. CATEGORIZING STRESSORS There are three general types of stressors: Cataclysmic events: Strong stressors that occur suddenly and typically affect many people at once (e.g., natural disasters). Personal stressors: Major life events, such as the death of a family member, that have immediate negative consequences that generally fade with time. Background stressors: Everyday annoyances, such as being stuck in traffic, that cause minor irritations and may have long-term ill effects if they continue or are compounded by other stressful events.
- 12. THE GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME A theory developed by Selye that suggests that a person’s response to a stressor consists of three stages: alarm and mobilization, resistance, and exhaustion. Stage I – Alarm & Mobilization: The “fight or flight” response which causes you to be ready for physical activity.
- 13. THE GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME Stage II – Resistance: If stress continues, the body adapts to the stressors it is being exposed to. Stage III – Exhaustion: Stress continues to exist for a long time.
- 14. THE GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME Stressor Meeting and resisting stressor. Coping with stress and resistance to Negative consequ- stressor. -ences of stress (such as illness) occur when coping is inadequate.
- 16. COPING WITH STRESS Efforts to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress are known as coping. We habitually use certain coping responses to deal with stress.
- 17. STEPS TO MANAGING STRESS Step 1: Identify if you are stressed.
- 18. STEPS TO MANAGING STRESS Step 2: Identify the stressor.
- 19. STEPS TO MANAGING STRESS Step 3: Identify the reason for the stressor.
- 20. STEPS TO MANAGING STRESS Step 4: Select an appropriate stress management strategy and apply it.
- 21. STEPS TO MANAGING STRESS Step 5: Evaluate.
Editor's Notes
- Examples of such external forces include temperature, oxygen concentration in the air, the expenditure of energy, and the presence of predators. In addition, diseases were also stressors that threatened the constancy of the milieu interieur.The neurologist Walter Cannon described the term homeostasis to further define concept of Bernard. He also was the first, that described that the stressors could be emotional as well as physical
- Usually Health psychologists investigate the effects of psychological factors such as stress on illness. They examine the psychological principles underlying treatments for disease and illness. They also study prevention: how healthier behavior can help people avoid and reduce health problems such as stress and heart disease.
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- When something happens to us, we automatically evaluate the situation mentally. We decide if it is threatening to us, how we need to deal with the situation, and what skills we can use. If we decide that the demands of the situation outweigh the skills we have, then we label the situation as “stressful” and react with the classic “stress response.”Additionally, not all situations that are labeled “stressful” are negative. The birth of a child, being promoted at work, or moving to a new home may not be perceived as threatening. However, we may feel that situations are “stressful” because we don’t feel fully prepared to deal with them.Add your own examples
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- Examples :Stage I : However it decreases the effectiveness of the immune system which makes you more susceptible to illness.
- Examples:Stage II : If the stressor is starvation, the person experiences a reduced desire for physical activity to conserve energy, and the absorption of nutrients from any food intake is maximized.Stage III: People who experience long term stress may have heart attacks, severe infections, or chronic pain or illness.
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- Stress management is an extremely important skill to develop, both for better health and for a better life experience.Add your own examples
- Stress is a normal part of life—and not necessarily a completely bad part. For example, without stress, we might not be sufficiently motivated to complete the activities we need to accomplish. However, it is also clear that too much stress can effect on physical and psychological health.The efforts to control, reduce, tor learn o tolerate the threats that lead to stress are known as coping. We habitually use certain coping responses to deal with stress.Most of the time, we’re not aware of these responses—just as we may be unaware of the minor stressors of life until they build up to harmful levels.We also have other, more direct and potentially more positive ways of coping with stress, which fall into two main categories1. Emotion-focused coping2. Problem-focused copingIn emotion-focused coping people try to become less emotionally reactive to the stressors they face, For example: Drug therapy can be seen as emotion focused coping as it focuses on the arousal caused by stress not the problem. Another example is, a person can control his/her anger via emotion focused coping.2. Problem-focused coping is the category of coping strategies that change stressful situations and itaim to remove or reduce the cause of the stressor, For example: Starting a study group to improve poor classroom performance. Another example is, taking a day off from caring for a relative with a serious, chronic illness to go a health club or spa can bring significant relief from stress.