u can explain stress in behavioural psychology

1. GROUND RULES:
 Be attentive please
 Switch off your cell phones & shut down laptops
 Do not talk please
 Do not leave the room during presentation
 Question answer will be treated at the end of
presentation
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3. STRESS & ITS EFFECTS
Presented By:
N/C Maham Aziz
N/C Sana Sultan
Bsc Generic 3rd year
6th semester session jan 2014
Faculty:
Maj. Farhat Jabeen
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4. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the presentation the learner will be able
to:
 Define stress
 Describe path flow of stress
 Enlist types of stress
 Enable to differentiate between positive and negative
stress
 Describe sign & symptoms of stress
 Discuss causes of stress
 Demonstrate factors influencing stress intolerance
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5. OBJECTIVES CONT…
 Describe stress management
 Enlist coping strategies of stress
 Enlist defense mechanisms in stress
 Define self control
 Define self motivation
 Enable to describe self control through self motivation
 Describe benefits of stress management
 Demonstrate stress management in nursing
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6. INTRODUCTION:
Pressure turns into stress when you feel unable to
cope. People have different ways of reacting to
stress, so a situation that feels stressful to one
person may in fact be motivating to another .Stress
can affect how you feel, how you think, how you
behave and how your body works. Sleeping
problems, sweating, loss of appetite and difficulty
concentrating are common signs of stress.
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7. DEFINITION:
Stress is a state of strain , whether it is physical or
psychological.
(Atkison , Berne & Woodworth)
(OR)
A conscious or unconscious psychological feeling or
physical situation which comes as a result of physical or
mental 'positive or negative pressure' to overwhelm
adaptive capacities.
(From: Wikipedia)
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8. PATH FLOW OF STRESS
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Stress perceived by hypothalamus
Release CRF
(Corticotrophin releasing factor)
Pituitary gland
Release ACTH
(Adrenocorticotrophic
hormone)
Adrenal Cortex
Release cortico steroid
Stress effect on body

9. TYPES OF STRESS:
A. Acute stress
B. Episodic acute stress
C. Chronic stress
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10. TYPES OF STRESS CONT…
Acute stress:
It’s our body's immediate reaction to a new
challenge, event, or demand, and it triggers your fight-
or-flight responses.
Example:
pressures of a near-miss automobile accident or
arguments with family
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11. TYPES OF STRESS CONT…
Episodic acute stress:
When acute stress happens frequently, it’s called
episodic acute stress.
Chronic stress:
If acute stress isn't resolved and begins to increase or
lasts for long periods of time, it becomes chronic stress.
This stress is constant and doesn’t go away.
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12. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POSITIVE &
NEGATINE STRESS
Positive stress Negative stress
Motivates & focuses energy Cause anxiety
It is short term Can be short or long term
As perceived as a coping
abilities
Perceived as outside of
coping ability
Feels exciting Feels unpleasant
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13. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POSITIVE &
NEGATINE STRESS CONT…
Positive stress Negative stress
Increases performance Decreases performance
Examples : Starting a new
job or marriages
Examples: death of spouse
or being neglected
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14. SIGN & SYMPTOMS OF STRESS
 Frequent headaches
 Body aches
 Chest pain or palpitations
 Difficulty in breathing
 Increase smoking or alcohol use
 Insomnia
 Gritting , grinding teeth
 Weight gain or loss
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15. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF STRESS CONT…
 Frequent urination
 Diminished sexual desire
 Constipation ,diarrhea ,nausea or vomiting
 Cold or sweaty hands & feet
 Social withdrawal or isolation
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16. EFFECTS OF STRESS ON BODY
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17. CAUSES OF STRESS
Common external causes of stress:
 Major life changes
 Work or school
 Relationship difficulties
 Financial problems
 Being too busy
 Children & family
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18. CAUSES OF STRESS CONT…
Common internal causes of stress:
 Chronic worry
 Pessimism
 Negative self-talk
 Unrealistic expectations
 Rigid thinking
 All-or-nothing attitude
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19. FACTORS INFLUENCING STRESS
INTOLERANCE
 One’s knowledge and preparedness
 Optimism
 Hardiness
 Sensation Seeking
 Social support
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20. FACTORS INFLUENCING STRESS
INTOLERANCE CONT…
One’s knowledge & preparedness:
 Stress can be heightened when one is not aware of
what to expect in the stressful situation.
 it is easier to cope when you have knowledge about
stress
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21. FACTORS INFLUENCING STRESS
INTOLERANCE CONT…
Optimistic:
 People who tend to be optimistic in all spheres of life
tend to cope better with stress than those who are
pessimistic.
 concentrate on the positive, are more willing to get
social support
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22. FACTORS INFLUENCING STRESS
INTOLERANCE CONT…
Hardiness:
Hardiness is a personality syndrome marked by
control, challenge, and commitment that is
relatively linked to strong stress resistance.
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23. FACTORS INFLUENCING STRESS
INTOLERANCE CONT…
Sensation seeking:
 People who are high in sensation tend to enjoy
challenges and are easily bored by something that is
not extra ordinary.
 usually engage in stressful activities and take it as a
normal way of life.
 satisfy their urge for high stimulation by trying to
have novel experiences, having numerous sexual
partners, and experimenting with drugs.
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24. FACTORS INFLUENCING STRESS
INTOLERANCE CONT…
Social support:
 Its different succor and aids provided by members
of your social network.
 It is associated with mental health.
 serves as a protective shield for the individual
which minimizes the negative impact of the
stressor.
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26. STRESS MANAGMENT
 Stress Relief Strategies
1. Body relaxation exercises
- breathing techniques
- guided imagery
2. Physical exercise
-yoga
-work out routine
3. Medication
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27. STRESS MANAGEMENT CONT…
4. Counseling
-Talk therapy
-Life coaching
 Changing perceptions and expectations
 Break jobs/tasks into manageable parts
 Set reasonable/realistic goals
 Avoid procrastination
 Set boundaries
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28. STRESS MANAGEMENT CONT…
 Don’t compromise your values/beliefs
 Schedule “me” time
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29. COPING STRATEGIES OF STRESS
Unhealthy ways to cope stress:
 Smoking
 Using pills to relax
 Procrastinating
 Sleeping too much
 Withdrawing from friends
& family
 Taking out your stress on others
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30. COPING STRATEGIES OF STRESS CONT…
Healthier ways to cope with stress:
(4 A’s )
 Avoid unnecessary stress
 Alter the situation
 Accept the things you can’t change
 Adapt to the stressor
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31. COPING STRATEGIES OF STRESS CONT…
Others:
 Get moving
 Engage socially
 Make time for fun and relaxation
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32. DEFENCE MECHANISMS IN STRESS:
 Repression
 Reaction formation
 Projection
 Rationalization
 Intellectualization
 Displacement
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33. DEFENCE MECHANISMS IN STRESS CONT…
 Regression
 Sublimation
 Identification
 Compensation
 Denial
 Fantasy
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34. SELF CONTROL IN STRESS
“Self-control is the quality that allows you to stop
yourself from doing things you want to do but that
might not be in your best interest.’’
e.g You might burp nonstop.
(From Dictionary)
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35. SELF MOTIVATION DEFINITION
“It is the ability to do what needs to be done, without
influence from other people or situations.”
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36. SELF CONTROL THROUGH SELF
MOTIVATION
 Start simple
 Keep good company
 Keep learning
 Stay Positive
 Stop thinking
 Know yourself
 Track your progress
 Help others
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37. BENEFITS OF STRESS MANAGEMENT
 Physical health gets better
-more energy and stamina
 Emotions stabilized
-positive attitude
-hopeful/happier
 Ability to focus improved
-able to learn and achieve
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38. STRESS MANAGEMENT IN NURSING
 Keep things in perspective, priorities
 Share your worries with family and friends
 Don’t be too hard on yourself
 Increased knowledge helps to alleviate stress
 Make plans to solve the problems
 Set realistic goals
 Exercise regularly and eat healthy diet
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39. STRESS MANAGEMENT IN NURSING
CONT…
 Practice relaxation techniques
 Think positive and enjoy new experiences
 Remember: it is normal to have setbacks – they can
be overcome
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40. SUMMARY
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41. REFERENCES
 Types of stress . Retrieved 04, august,2016 , from
http://www.healthline.com/health/whats-your-stress-type#Isallstressbad?2
 Factors that influence stress .Retrieved 10, august , 2016 , from
http://stressmanagerpro.blogspot.com/2014/12/5-factors-that-influence-
stress.html
 Types of stressor . Retrieved 11, august ,2016, from
https://www.mentalhelp.net/articles/types-of-stressors-eustress-vs-distress/
 Self control strategies .Retrieved 13, august ,2016,from
http://www.minddisorders.com/Py-Z/Self-control-strategies.html
 Self motivation. Retrieved 15,August ,2016,from
http://www.lifehack.org/articles/featured/8-steps-to-continuous-self-
motivation.html
 saini,p.(2010).Behavioral sciences. Jalandhar city: lotus publishers
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