The document summarizes the structures and uses of various carbonyl compounds including aldehydes and ketones. It describes 8 compounds - benzaldehyde, vanillin, cinnamaldehyde, formaldehyde, paraldehyde, acetone, chloral hydrate, and hexamine. For each compound, it provides the chemical structure and lists their main uses which range from use as flavoring agents and precursors to other chemicals to applications in cosmetics, plastics, paints, and medicine.

1. Carbonyl Compounds (Aldehydes and Ketones)
Structure and Uses
By
Dr. Nidhi Gupta
M.M. College of Pharmacy
Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University)
Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India

2. 1. Structure and Uses of Benzaldehyde
• Structure of Benzaldehyde:

3. Uses of benzaldehyde
• 1. It is used in cosmetic products
• 2. Chiefly used as a precurser to other
organic compounds
• 3. As a Flavoring agent
• 4. As a Fragrance

4. 2. Vanillin
• Structure of vanillin

5. Uses of vanillin
• 1. Food flavoring agent
• 2. Used to increase the milk product in cakes,
chocolates, biscuits etc.
• 3. Used as a chemical intermediate In the
production of chemicals
• 4. It is added to cosmetics and soaps to smell
better
• 5. Antioxidant

6. 3. CINNAMALDEHYDE
• Structure of cinnamaldehyde.

7. Uses of cinnamaldehyde
• 1. Antibacterial agent
• 2. Antifungal agent
• 3. Anti-diabetic agent
• 4. As a flavoring agent
• 5. Insecticide and mosquito repellent

8. 4. Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is a naturally occurring organic compound with the formula CH2O (H-
CHO). It is the simplest of the aldehydes (R-CHO). The common name of this
substance comes from its similarity and relation to formic acid.
Uses:
•Formaldehyde is a common precursor to more complex compounds and materials. In
approximate order of decreasing consumption, products generated from formaldehyde
include urea formaldehyde resin, melamine resin, phenol formaldehyde
resin, polyoxymethylene plastics, 1,4-butanediol, and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate.

9. •Health Care Applications
Formaldehyde has a long history of safe use in the manufacture of vaccines, anti-
infective drugs and hard-gel capsules. For example, formaldehyde is used to inactivate
viruses so they don’t cause disease, such as the influenza virus in making the influenza
vaccine.
•Personal Care and Consumer Products
Formaldehyde-based chemistry is essential in the production of many personal
care and consumer items. These products may contain formaldehyde-releasing
ingredients, which act as a preservative to kill microorganisms and prevent growth of
bacteria and other pathogens, extending product shelf life.
•Automobiles
Formaldehyde technology helps make vehicles lighter and more energy efficient.
Formaldehyde-based resins are used to make interior molded components and under-
the-hood components that need to withstand high temperatures. These resins are also
used in the production of highly durable exterior primers, clear coat paints, tire-cord
adhesives, brake pads and fuel system components

10. 5. Paraldehyde
Paraldehyde is the cyclic trimer of acetaldehyde molecules. A colourless
liquid, it is sparingly soluble in water and highly soluble in ethanol.
Paraldehyde slowly oxidizes in air, turning brown and producing an odour
of acetic acid. It quickly reacts with most plastics and rubber.
Uses:
•A colourless liquid, it is sparingly soluble in water and highly soluble
in ethanol. Paraldehyde slowly oxidizes in air, turning brown and producing an
odour of acetic acid. It quickly reacts with most plastics and rubber.

11. Paraldehyde is used in resin manufacture, as a preservative, MEP and in other
processes as a solvent.
It has been used in the generation of aldehyde fuchsin.
•As a hypnotic/sedative
It was commonly used to induce sleep in sufferers from delirium tremens but
has been replaced by other drugs in this regard. It is one of the safest hypnotics
and was regularly given at bedtime in psychiatric hospitals and geriatric wards
up to the 1960s.
•As anti-seizure
It has been used in the treatment of convulsions.
Today, paraldehyde is sometimes used to treat status epilepticus.
Unlike diazepam and other benzodiazepines, it does not suppress breathing at
therapeutic doses and so is safer when no resuscitation facilities exist or when
the patient's breathing is already compromised.

12. 6. Acetone
•Acetone is a primary ingredient in many nail polish removers. It breaks
down nail polish, making it easy to remove with a cotton swab or cloth. It
is widely used because it can easily mix with water and evaporates quickly
in the air.
•Acetone is widely used in the textile industry for degreasing wool and
degumming silk.
•As a solvent, acetone is frequently incorporated in solvent systems or
“blends,” used in the formulation of lacquers for automotive and furniture
finishes. Acetone also may be used to reduce the viscosity of lacquer
solutions.

13. 7. Chloral hydrate
•Chloral hydrate is a sedative, also called a hypnotic. Chloral hydrate slows the
activity of your central nervous system. This medicine has both fast-acting and long-
lasting sedative effects. Used as a sedative before minor medical or dental treatment.
•Chloral hydrate is for short-term use as a sedative or sleep medicine. It is
sometimes given before a surgery to help you relax.
•Chloral hydrate may also be used to treat alcohol withdrawal symptoms, or to
relieve anxiety caused by withdrawal from certain drugs such as barbiturates or
narcotic medicine.

14. 8. Hexamine
•The main use of Hexamine is in the production of powdery or liquid
preparations of phenolic (phenolic formaldehyde) resins and phenolic resin
molding compound, where it is added as a hardening component. Theses
products are used as binders, e.g., in brake and clutch linings, abrasive
products, no-woven textiles, fire proof materials.
•Medical professionals use hexamine as an antibiotic to treat urinary tract
infections. The specific medication used is called methenamine hippurate,
which is formed by the combination of hexamine and hippuric acid.
•Organic chemists use hexamine as a chemical agent in several chemical
reactions which are quite complex.

15. Thanks