This document summarizes the structures, properties and uses of various organic compounds including alkyl halides, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and aliphatic amines. Key compounds discussed include ethyl chloride, chloroform, trichloroethylene, tetrachlroethylene, dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, cetosteryl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, glycerol, propylene glycol, acetic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, benzyl benzo

1. Structure and uses of organic
compounds
Presented by,
S.Dharmasastha

2. ALKYL HALIDE

3. Ethyl chloride
Uses
Used as a solvent.
Used as a refrigerant.
Used production of ethyl cellulose.
Used as a dyes.
Used as a medicinal drugs, and
other commercial chemicals.

4. Chloroform
Uses
Used as an anaesthetic.
Used in dentistry during root canal procedure.
Chloroform is used primarily as a solvent in
industry.
Used in the production of antibiotics.
Used as a cleaning agent, and
Used as an ingredient in pharmaceutical and
veterinary formulations.

5. Trichloroethylene
Uses
Trichloroethylene is used in many industries
It is mostly used as a solvent to remove
grease from metal parts
It is also used as an ingredient in adhesives
paint removers, typewriter correction fluids, and
spot removers.

6. Tetrachlroethylene
Uses
Used primarily as a cleaning solvent .
Used chiefly in the treatment of hookworm.
Used in transformers, paint removers, inks,
adhesive formulations.
Manufacture of chlorofluorocarbons.

7. Dichloromethane
Uses
Dichloromethane is used as a solvent in food
technology.
It is used in aerosol formulations.
Used as a solvent in the manufacturing of
pharmaceutical products.
Used as a degreasing agent.
Used in the manufacturing of electronics.

8. Tetrachloromethane
Uses
Used to clean machinery and electrical
equipment.
It can also be used in the production of chemical
products.
It is used in refrigerants.
It is used in pharmaceuticals industry.
It is used in fire extinguisher.
It is used as cleaning fluid.
It is used as degreasing agent.

9. Iodoform
Uses
Used as an antiseptic component of medications
Used as a healing or skin diseases.
Sterilization of surgical instruments was done by using an
iodoform.
Iodoform also helps in removing ear hair for dogs and cats.

10. ALCOHOLS

11. Ethyl alcohol
Uses
Ethanol is used as a solvent to dissolve the active
ingredient in some medicines
Used as an extraction solvent in herbal medicinal
products.
Ethanol has also been used as an antimicrobial
preservative, possessing bactericidal and fungicidal
activity.
Used as an antiseptic, disinfectant.

12. Methyl alcohol
Uses
It is used as a solvent in the manufacture of
cholesterol, streptomycin, vitamins, hormones, and other
pharmaceuticals.
Manufacturing of plastics.
Used to create fuel.
Used in the production of acetic acid and
formaldehyde.
Used in the production of methyl esters and
methylamines.

13. Chlorobutanol
Uses
Widely used preservative in various
pharmaceutical solutions, especially injectables.
It is used as an active ingredient in certain
oral sedatives, topical anesthetics, and weak
local anesthetic.
It has antibacterial and antifungal
properties.

14. Cetosteryl alcohol
Uses
Emulsion stabilizer surfactant - foam booster.
Increasing viscosity agent
It is often used as a preservative for creams
and lotions.
Used to help soften the skin and hair and to
thicken

15. Benzyl alcohol
Uses
Benzyl alcohol is mainly used as an excipient in
medicinal products that are administered
intramuscularly such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory
or antipsychotic medicines where its anaesthetic
properties reduce pain at the injection site.
Benzyl Alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used in a
wide variety of cosmetic formulations as a fragrance
component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-
decreasing agent.

16. Glycerol
Uses
Glycerol is a common ingredient in pharmaceutical and
is used to improve smoothness and taste of medicines.
Glycerol is added to cough syrups to help prevent
irritation in throats which leads to coughing.
It is also used to make tablets easier to swallow.
Used in the pharmaceutical industry to prevent the
drying of creams and ointments.
Glycerol is used as a solvent for flavors and food colors.
It is also used as a plasticizer, sweetener.

17. Propylene glycol
Uses
Commonly used drug solubilizer in topical,
oral, and injectable medications.
This increases the number of bowel
movements and softens the stool so it is easier to
pass.
Polyethylene glycol 3350 is in a class of
medications called osmotic laxatives

18. CARBOXYLIC ACID

19. Acetic acid
Uses
Used to treat the symptoms of bacterial or fungal infections in
the ear.
Acetic Acid may be used alone or with other medications.
Acetic Acid belongs to a class of drugs called Otics, Other Anti-
infectives.
Used to manufacture acetic anhydride and other organic
chemicals
Used in the plastic, pharmaceutical, dye, insecticide, textile,
rubber, and photographic industries

20. Lactic acid
Uses
Used agent in various cosmetic products.
Used as an additive in various pharmaceutical
products for its antibacterial properties.
It is used to restore good bacteria and reduce
stomach upset and diarrhoea.
Used as a flavouring agent and
Used as a preservative in processed cheese, salad
dressings, pickles.

21. Tartaric acid
Uses
In the Pharmaceutical industry, tartaric acid is used in
various formulations for antibiotics, effervescent powders
and tablets, drugs for heart diseases, therapeutic .
Tartaric acid is used making silver mirrors, in the
manufacturing of soft drinks.
Tartaric acid is used in cream of tartar (for cooking) and
as an emetic (a substance used to induce vomiting).

22. Citric acid
Uses
Used as an excipient in pharmaceutical
preparations due to its antioxidant properties.
Used as a preservative.
It is also used to control pH and acts as an
anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood.
Helps prevent some kidney stones.
Disinfectants.

23. Succinic acid
Uses
Used in many food, chemical, and
pharmaceutical industries.
Uses as a precursor to generate many
chemicals such as solvents, perfumes, plasticizer,
dyes, and photographic chemicals.
Succinic acid is also used as an antibiotic and
curative agent.

24. Oxalic acid
Uses
Used as a cleaning or bleaching, especially for
the removal of rust.
Oxalic acid is widely used as an acid rinse in
laundries and bleaches.
Oxalic acid is also ideal for polishing
practically any stone and treating old wood.

25. Salicylic acid
Uses
Salicylic acid topical is used to treat many
skin disorders, such as acne, dandruff,
psoriasis,dermatitis of the skin and scalp.
Salicylic acid is used in some shampoos to
treat dandruff.

26. Benzoic acid
Uses
It is used as antimicrobial preservative,
antifungal, and tablet and capsule lubricant.
Benzoic acid has been used in combination
with salicylic acid, as in ointment, for use as an
antifungal for athlete's foot and ringworm.
Benzoic acid inhibits the growth of mold,
yeast and some bacteria.

27. Benzyl benzoate
Uses
Benzyl benzoate is used to treat lice and
scabies infestations.
Benzyl benzoate function mostly
as fragrance ingredients/preservatives in
cosmetic products.

28. Dimethyl phthalate
Uses
Dimethyl phthalate has many uses, including
in solid rocket propellants, plastics, and insect
repellants.
Acute (short-term) exposure to dimethyl
phthalate, via inhalation in humans and animals,
results in irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat.

29. Methyl salicylate
Uses
Methyl salicylate is an external analgesic
available in over-the-counter (OTC) medicines
that temporarily relieve minor body aches and
muscle and joint pain associated with backache,
arthritis.
It is used as a flavoring agent in chewing
gums and mints in small concentrations and
added as antiseptic in mouthwash solutions.

30. Acetyl salicyclic acid
Uses
Also known as Aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid
(ASA) is a commonly used drug for the treatment
of pain and fever due to various causes.
Acetylsalicylic acid has both anti-
inflammatory and antipyretic effects.
Aspirin is used to prevent blood clot.

31. ALIPHATIC AMINE

32. Ethanolamine
Uses
Used to help prevent bleeding of esophageal
varices (abnormally enlarged veins in the
esophagus).
Uses as a “scrubber” to remove carbon
dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and other acidic
pollutants from waste gas streams.

33. Ethylenediamine
Uses
It is also used as an excipient in many
pharmacological preparations such as creams.
Ethylenediamine is an ingredient in the
common bronchodilator drug aminophylline.
Ethylenediamine has also been used in
dermatologic preparations, but has been
removed from some because of causing contact
dermatitis.

34. Amphetamine
Uses
Used to treat health problems such as
obesity.
Amphetamine is used to treat attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),central
nervous system (CNS) stimulant.
Amphetamine is also used as an athletic
performance enhance.