Structure and uses of Formaldehyde, Paraldehyde, Acetone, Chloral hydrate, Hexamine, Benzaldehyde, Vanillin, Cinnamaldehyde.

1. Carbonyl compounds* (Aldehydes and
ketones)

2. Structure and uses of
Formaldehyde, Paraldehyde, Acetone,
Chloral hydrate, Hexamine,
Benzaldehyde, Vanilin, Cinnamaldehyde.

3. Formaldehyde CH2O:
Formaldehyde, also known as methanal and more commonly as formol, is an
organic compound largely used in chemical industry as precursor in the
production of resins, textiles and coatings.
 Formaldehyde is the simplest aldehyde made of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen
with the formula CH2O.
Formaldehyde is one of a large family of chemicals known as volatile organic
compounds which evaporate and become gaseous at room temperature.
 Formaldehyde is a reactive molecule and first in the series of aliphatic
aldehydes.
 It is one of the most important industrial chemicals. It is usually described as a
gas, but it also exists dissolved in water or other solvents. Formaldehyde is a
naturally occurring substance used in a wide variety of applications

4. Uses of
formaldehyde

5. Paraldehyde
C6H12O3
Paraldehyde is the cyclic trimer of acetaldehyde molecules.
 It is a derivative of 1,3,5-trioxane with a methyl groups
substituted for a hydrogen atoms in each carbon.
The corresponding tetramer is metaldehyde.
 A colourless liquid, it is sparingly soluble in water and
highly soluble in ethanol.
 Paraldehyde slowly oxidizes in air, turning brown and
producing an odour of acetic acid. It quickly reacts with most
plastics and rubber.

7. Acetone C3H6O:
Acetone is a highly flammable organic compound. This
organic solvent has a chemical formula C3H6O. It is also
known as propanone.
 It is found in the exhaust from vehicles, plants, trees and
forest fires. It is also found in the human body usually
present in urine and blood
 It is colorless and volatile. It is miscible in water, ether,
ethanol and has a pungent, floral or irritating smell. It is
widely used as an antiseptic and solvent.

9. Chloral Hydrate
C2H3Cl3O2 / Cl3CCH (OH2)
 Chloral hydrate is a geminal diol with the formula
C2H3Cl3O2.
It is a colorless solid. It has limited use as a sedative and
hypnotic pharmaceutical drug
 It is also a useful laboratory chemical reagent and
precursor.
 It is derived from chloral (trichloroacetaldehyde) by the
addition of one equivalent of watervolatile and hence used
in the laboratory to rinse lab glassware

11. Hexamine C6H12N4
It is also called Methenamine or Hexamethylenetetramine
or Urotropin.
 It acts as an anti-infective agent which is most commonly
used to treat urinary tract infections. Its anti-infective action
is derived from the slow release of formaldehyde (CH2O) by
hydrolysis at acidic pH of 0.2 molars.
 Methenamine is an odourless colourless lustrous crystal
or white crystalline powder which is hygroscopic.

13. Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO):
Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) is an organic compound
consisting of a benzene ring with a formyl substituent. It is
the simplest aromatic aldehyde and one of the most
industrially useful.
 It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic almond-like
odor. The primary component of bitter almond oil,
benzaldehyde can be extracted from a number of other
natural sources.
 Synthetic benzaldehyde is the flavoring agent in imitation
almond extract, which is used to flavor cakes and other
baked goods.

15. Vanilin C8H8O3:
Vanillin is an organic compound with the molecular formula C8H8O3. It
is a phenolic aldehyde.
 Its functional groups include aldehyde, hydroxyl, and ether. It is the
primary component of the extract of the vanilla bean. Synthetic vanillin
is now used more often than natural vanilla extract as a flavoring agent
in foods, beverages, and pharmaceuticals.
 Vanillin is a member of the class of benzaldehydes carrying methoxy
and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively.
It has a role as a plant metabolite, a flavouring agent, an antioxidant
and an anticonvulsant.
 It is a member of phenols, a monomethoxybenzene and a member of
benzaldehydes.

17. Cinnamaldehyde C9H8O:
Cinnamaldehyde is the aldehyde that gives cinnamon its flavor and
odor. It occurs naturally in the bark of cinnamon trees and other species
of the genus Cinnamomum like camphor and cassia.
 These trees are the natural source of cinnamon, and the essential oil
of cinnamon bark is about 90% cinnamaldehyde.
 It is a phenylpropanoid that is naturally synthesized by the shikimate
pathway. This pale yellow, viscous liquid occurs in the bark of cinnamon
trees and other species of the genus Cinnamomum