Steam Power Plants
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This document discusses the layout and components of a steam power plant. It outlines key factors in selecting a site such as availability of land, water, and fuel. It then describes the general layout and main flow circuits including fuel/ash, air/gas, feedwater/steam, and cooling water. Each circuit is explained in terms of equipment and processes. The document also covers components like the boiler, turbines, condenser, and alternator, as well as cooling methods and advantages of hydrogen cooling.
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The document provides information about electricity generation from coal at a power plant. It discusses the key steps which are:
1) Coal is crushed into a fine powder and fed into boilers along with air for combustion.
2) In the boilers, the coal is burned to heat water and produce high pressure steam.
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Industrial training at NTPC Shaktinagar
This document provides an overview of industrial training at a thermal power station in Singrauli, Madhya Pradesh, India. It describes the basic process of how coal is converted into electricity through various components of the power plant. Key components discussed include the coal handling plant, pulverizer, boiler, turbine, condenser, cooling towers, and burner management system. The document also includes diagrams illustrating the general layout and coal to electricity process of a typical coal-fired thermal power station.
Thermal power plant
Introduction To Thermal Power Plant (Steam power plant)
GENERAL LAYOUT OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
COAL HANDLING PLANT
Power Plant cycles
1. Feed Water Cycle
2. Steam Cycle
3. Condensate Cycle
4. Cooling Water Cycle
5. Air And Flue Gas Cycle
Important Power plant equipment
Deaerator
Boiler Feed Water Pump
Heaters
Economiser
Boiler
BOILER DRUM ( STEAM DRUM)
SUPER HEATER
TURBINE
CONDENSER
Thermal power plant
A thermal power plant converts the heat energy of coal into electrical energy. Coal is burnt in a boiler to produce steam which drives a steam turbine connected to a generator. Thermal power plants provide the majority of electricity in India. The key components of a thermal power plant include the coal handling system, pulverizers, draft fans, boiler, turbine, condenser, cooling towers, feedwater heaters and others. Thermal power has advantages of using cheap fuel and low initial costs but has disadvantages of polluting the atmosphere. Large thermal power plants in Gujarat include Mundra, Wanakbori and Ukai.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
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Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
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Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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Steam Power Plants
- 2. SELECTION OF SITE FOR STEAM POWER PLANT Availability of land Availability of sufficient amount of good boiler feed water and cooling water Availability of fuel. Necessity for future expansion. Availability of other power other power services Away from urban areas Initial cost of plant Magnitude and nature of load to be handled
- 3. LAY OUT OF STEAM POWER PLANT
- 5. GENRAL LAYOUT Fuel handling unit Ash handling unit Boiler unit Feed water unit Cooling water unit Generator unit Turbine unit
- 6. MAIN FLOW CIRCUITS Fuel and ash circuit Air and gas circuit Feed water and steam circuit Cooling water circuit
- 7. FUEL AND ASH CIRCUIT Fuel stored is fed to boiler through conveyer belt. Coal – particular size for complete burning. Coal is passed through crushers , sizers and magnetic separators before feeding to boiler. As a result of combustion, ash is produced from coal fuel which is removed from boiler through ash handling equipments.
- 8. AIR AND GAS CIRCUIT Air is required for complete combustion of the fuel – supplied through Forced draught(FD) and Induced draught(ID) fans. Air which is fed to the boiler, is passed through preheater – to extract energy of flue gases from boiler. Flue gas consist of several gases and ash – passed through precipitator and finally go to atmosphere via chimney .
- 9. FEED WATER AND STEAM CIRCUIT Most power plants are condensing type – steam is converted to water by condenser. For safety of turbine water is demineralized – better economic operation Adding make up water in feed water system compensate leakages. The boiler feed pump (BFP) feeds water to boiler drum – heated to form steam. Wet steam heated in super heater passed to turbine and runs it
- 10. FEED WATER AND STEAM CIRCUIT Stages of prime mover depending on size of power plant 1. High Pressure Turbine HP 2.Intermediate Pressure Turbine IP 3. Low Pressure turbine LP
- 11. FEED WATER AND STEAM CIRCUIT
- 12. COOLING WATER CIRCUIT To condensate the steam in condenser and maintaining low pressure in it, large quantity of cooling water is required. After passing it through condenser, it is fed back to river or pondage. Cooling tower or cooling ponds are used in case of shortage. Drawback- Excessive water loss
- 13. PARTS OF STEAM POWER PLANT Boiler- Water tube boiler Coal Mills Boiler feed pump- high capacity IM Air preheater- extract heat from flue gases Draught system- supply air to the furnace and to take the flue gases from the boiler Economizers- extract heat from flue
- 14. PARTS OF STEAM POWER PLANT Superheaters and Reheaters Turbines Condenser Cooling tower Alternators- high speed synchronous generators
- 15. COOLING OF ALTERNATOR Important due to damage of insulation at high temperature. Closed circuit cooling widely used in modern alternators (Hydrogen as cooling medium).
- 16. ADVANTAGES OF HYDROGEN COOLING More heat transfer and thermal conductivity is 7 times more than air. Low ventilation losses Life of insulation is more as no oxidation of insulating material . Fire hazards minimized Less noise Size of frame reduced
- 17. DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROGEN COOLING Chances of formation of explosive mixture. Expensive than air Special oil seals required Problem of ensuring complete tightness of hydrogen