Postwar America from 1945-1960 saw major shifts in population from rural areas to suburbs. William Levitt developed mass produced suburban housing developments like Levittown on Long Island. The Interstate Highway Act of 1956 funded the construction of 40,000 miles of interstate highways to accommodate the rise in car ownership and demand for more efficient travel routes. Television became a major force with the first televised presidential campaign between Kennedy and Nixon in 1960, and the Civil Rights Movement utilized television to broadcast violence against African Americans.