The document outlines some of the key factors that contributed to the start of the American Civil War, including economic and political differences between the industrial North and agricultural South over the issues of slavery, states' rights, and tariffs. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 and subsequent compromises attempted to balance the number of slave and free states but did not resolve the underlying tensions between the regions. Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860 as the first Republican president was the final trigger for Southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America.

2. North
 Industries
 Superior Navy
 Large population
Transportation-supplies
 Opposed slavery
 Ability to raise $$
(taxes)
 Better POLITICAL
leadership
MORE BANKS$
South
Raw materials
 Knowledge of territory
(Defensive War)
 Leadership—generals
(Lee)
 Economic relationship
with England
 Slave labor
 Cause—way of life

3. Industrial_Rev_Cause_War_1min29

4. Missouri requested admission to Union
• 11 Slave, 11 Free States
• Upset balance in Senate
Missouri Compromise --
• Maine admitted as free state
• Missouri admitted as slave state
Rest of Louisiana Territory split
• 36 30’ north latitude (southern border of Missouri)
 North of line—free
 South of line–slavery legal

6. Tariffs on Imports 1824 & 1828
 Hurt Southern economy
• Loss of inexpensive British imports
• Forced to buy expensive Northern goods
• Felt North getting rich off South
 John Calhoun developed nullification theory
• Constitution established by sovereign states
• States still sovereign
 Have right to determine Congressional acts unconstitutional
 South Carolina declares tariffs null and void within
state
• Couldn’t get support from other Southern states
• South Carolina did get tariffs lowered
 Proved a single state could force its will on Congress

7.  Was started because
Polk said Mexico had
illegally crossed into
American Territory
 Whigs (led by Abe
Lincoln) opposed
Mexican War
 Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo
• ended war
• Gained (present day)
California, Nevada, New
Mexico, Utah, Arizona
Colorado and Wyoming-
RioGrande was boundary
• Wilmot Proviso-prohibited
SLAVERY in land
acquired from
Mexico
 House passed 2x,
Senate rejected
 Angered the South because
it was in disagreement of
Missouri Compromise

8. Gold Rush caused California population to grow
Applied for statehood as free state
Compromise of 1850
• California admitted as free
• No slavery restrictions on rest of Mexican cession
• Slave trade abolished D.C., not slavery
• New fugitive slave law passed
• *UTAH/NEW MEXICO left up to popular sovereignty*
Threats of southern secession became more
frequent

10. Compromise_1850_Fugitive_Slave_Law_59sec

11. Allowed owners to hunt
down runaways
• Accused runaways sent back
to South
Hurt Southern cause
• Newspaper accounts changed
attitudes
• Previously indifferent
Northerners now hostile
• Northerners actions increased
 Led to Underground Railroad

13. •Harriet Beecher Stowe,
Abolitionist, authored
the book Uncle Tom’s
Cabin
•Book was used as
propaganda to show
the inhumanity of
slavery.
•Southerners were
enraged by this book

14. Settling the Great Plains
• Sen. Stephen Douglas wanted to settle Nebraska
Territory allowing slavery issue based on popular
sovereignty
Problem: Kansas and Nebraska territory lay
north of Missouri Compromise line
Solution: divide territory
• Nebraska in north next to free state Illinois
• Kansas in south just west of slave state Missouri
Significance of Act – repealed/nullified
Missouri Compromise

18. Kansas_Nebraska_Act_44sec

20. Dred Scott
• slave living in Missouri
• taken by owner to free states to live for a while
• returned to Missouri
1854 sued in federal court for freedom
• believed since had lived in free territory, should be free
• federal court ruled against him
Appealed to Supreme Court
• ruled against him
 since not a citizen, did not have right to use court
system
 living in free state does not make him free

21. Abolitionist John Brown planned insurrection
• Help slaves break free from masters
• Needed weapons to give to slaves
Oct. 16, 1859 led a band of men into Harpers
Ferry, Virginia
• goal to seize the federal arsenal and start a slave
uprising
Federal troops put down rebellion
• authorities tried Brown and sentenced to death by
hanging Last statement: “I, John Brown, am
now quite certain that the crimes of
this guilty land can never be purged
away but with blood.”

22. Effects:
• Strengthened abolitionists feeling in
North
• Boosted abolitionist movement
• Turning point for South
Viewed as proof Northerners were
plotting to murder slave holders
Caused South to plan for war

23. 1860 Presidential election
• Abraham Lincoln, Republican candidate
• pledge to halt the further spread of slavery
• reassured the Southerners that he would not “interfere
with their slaves, or with them, about their slaves”
• Viewed as enemy by many Southerners
 Lincoln’s victory leads to Southern secession
• less than half the popular votes
• no electoral votes from the South
 saw his victory as a loss of political voice in national gov’t

24. Lincoln_Elected_South_Secede_5min49sec

25. South Carolina seceded Dec. 20, 1860
• Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and
Texas
Formed the Confederate States of America
• Jefferson Davis elected President
Fort Sumter, South Carolina
• Confederacy demanded Union troops leave fort
• Confederates attacked fort April 1861
 forced Union to surrender
 marks beginning of Civil War

26. First Battle of Bull Run
• Significance
Made it clear North needed large, well-trained
army to defeat the South

28. Antietam
• Significance
• Early Turning Point of WAR- Union
victory convinced GB and France to
remain neutral
• Bloodiest 1-day battle in American
History; convinced Lincoln time
had come to end slavery

29. Vicksburg
• Significance
• Essential to the ANACONDA PLAN
• Cut the Confederacy in two by taking
over the Mississippi River

30. Gettysburg
• Significance
• Turning point in East; Union victory
ensured Britain not recognize
Confederacy as nation
• Stopped Lee’s advancement North

31.  Sept 1862 Lincoln issued the Emancipation
Proclamation
• Freed all enslaved persons in states still at war with the
Union after Jan 1, 1863
• Only applied to those states within Confederacy
• Border states could still have slaves
 Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, and Delaware were slave states that
remained in the Union
 Proclamation gave war moral purpose
• Moving away from secession issues to a war to free slaves

32. April 9, 1865
Confederate General Robert E. Lee
surrendered to
Union General Ulysses S. Grant
at Appomattox Courthouse

33. Thirteenth Amendment - abolished slavery
Fourteenth Amendment – granted citizenship to
“all persons born or naturalized in the
United States”
 Fifteenth Amendment – granted suffrage (voting
rights) to African American males

34. Lincoln found that the war required active
and PROMPT presidential action during
wartime
Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas
corpus for everyone living between
Washington DC & Philadelphia
Lincoln explanation: It was necessary to set
aside small provisions of the Constitution
during wartime in order to save the Union

35. • Death of Abraham Lincoln on April 14,
1865 at Ford’s theatre
• VP Andrew Johnson assumes presidency
until 1868
• President Grant is elected 1868, due to
strong abolitionist loyalties

36. Rebuilding of the South
• Physically, economically, politically
 Military districts were created to help bring
order to South
Southern states had to write new constitution
and ratify 14th Amendment before allowed
back in Union
South could never return to pre-Civil War
status

37. SOCIAL POLITICAL
 “Black codes” in
Southern States
that were
intended to place
limits on
socioeconomic
opportunities of
blacks
 Public schools
established in
South
 African
Americans
were elected to
House &
Senate
 Military
occupation of
South allowed
 Confederate
leaders were
punished
ECONOMICAL
 The majority of
“FREEDMEN”
became
sharecroppers-were
promised
40acres & mule
 South tried to
“diversify”
economy
What was the
Freedmen’s Bureau
What was a “Carpetbagger”?

38. “Freedmen”
At the end of the Civil War, there were hundreds of thousands former
slaves living in the former Confederate States.
How would freed men and
women be treated in the
Southern States?
What do you think were some
of the major challenges faced
by former slaves?

39. New President: 1876- Rutherford B. Hayes
While this ends reconstruction… it had many
faults.
• Republicans would withdrawal troops
from South
• Republicans had to support internal
improvements of South
• President Hays had to appoint 1
southerner to Cabinet
• This is also when Civil Rights was
abandoned by South and North as it
pertained to the South

40.  Conflicts over slavery
issues
 Economic differences
between North and
South
 Election of Lincoln
 Secession of
Southern states
 Attack on Ft. Sumter
 Abolishment of
slavery
 Reconstruction of
the South
 Nation reunited
 Civil Rights laws
passed
 Approx. 680,000
dead