The document discusses several key factors that contributed to the growing division between the North and South in the United States, including the expansion of slavery in the South due to the cotton gin and demand for land versus the growth of industry without slave labor in the North. It also discusses abolitionist movements, slave rebellions, the Missouri Compromise, nullification crisis, and the Compromise of 1850 as major events that exacerbated sectional tensions over the issue of slavery.

1. What causes the division between
the North and the South
Standard 8

2. Issue of Slavery
• Demand for land and also Cotton Gin led to
expansion of slavery in South
• In North, expansion of industries did not need
slave labor
• Causing a major cultural and economic divide
between North and South
• Tariffs typically benefited North and not South

3. Slave Rebellions Throughout theSlave Rebellions Throughout the
AmericasAmericas

4. Slave Rebellions in the AntebellumSlave Rebellions in the Antebellum
South:South:
Nat Turner, 1831Nat Turner, 1831

5. Abolitionism
• William Lloyd Garrison,
publisher of the The Liberator,
first appeared in 1831 and sent
shock waves across the entire
country
– He argued about gradual
emancipation and said that there
needed to be an immediate end
to slavery at once
– He supported racial equality.

6. Abolitionism
Free blacks, such as Frederick Douglass,
who had escaped from slavery in Maryland,
also joined the abolitionist movement
To abolitionists, slavery was a moral, not an
economic question
But most of all, abolitionists denounced
slavery as contrary to Christian teaching
1845 --> The Narrative of the Life
Of Frederick Douglass
1847 --> started his own newspaper called
“The North Star”

7. Cult of DomestiCityCult of DomestiCity == slaveryslavery
The 2nd
Great Awakening inspired women
to improve society.
Angelina Grimké Sarah Grimké
 Southern Abolitionists
Lucy Stone
 American Women’s
Suffrage Assoc.
 edited Woman’s Journal
R2-9

8. Missouri Compromise
• 1819- Missouri wants to become 23rd
state
• House of Reps passes Tallmadge Amendment
– Slaves born in Missouri after it becomes a state
would be freed at 25
• Voted down in Senate

9. Missouri Compromise

10. Tariffs & the Nullification Crisis

11. Nullification CrisisNullification Crisis
• 18281828: Tariff of Abominations
• Protected Northern industry
• Southerners were outraged
• 18321832: Another high tariff
• John C. Calhoun threatened that South
Carolina would nullify the tariff
• President Andrew Jackson created the Force
Bill to make SC pay
• 18331833: Henry Clay created a lower,
“compromise tariff” to end the issue

12. What was Sectionalism?What was Sectionalism?
• Sectional, or regional loyalties were
present in Congress from the beginning,
but they became stronger during and
after the 1820s.

13. What was Sectionalism?What was Sectionalism?
• As the North grew more industrializedNorth grew more industrialized, it came up
with protective tariffs (taxes on foreign goods
imported into the United States) to protect its
products.

14. What was Sectionalism?What was Sectionalism?
• Because the South remained agriculturalSouth remained agricultural, it did not
want tariffs that would raise the prices of the
manufactured goods it needed.

15. • Congress served as the battleground
for sectional rivalries and alliances.
• Although both the Whig and
Democratic parties were national
organizations, electing members of
Congress from all regions, increasingly
members crossed party lines to stand
together to defend their common
sectional interests.

16. • John C. Calhoun (Democrat-South
Carolina) spoke for the Southern position
in Congress, while Daniel Webster (Whig-
Massachusetts) often spoke for New
England.
Daniel WebsterHenry Clay

17. Conflict in Texas
• Southerners want more land for cotton
• Confusion as to if they can enter or not
• Stephen F Austin leads families into Texas
• Santa Anna brings army in

18. Lone Star Rebellion
• Battle of Alamo
• Goliad
• Sam Houston and Battle
of San Jacinto
– Santa Anna captured
forced to recognize
Texas as independent

19. Polk’s Plan
• Had a 4 point plan for
his presidency
– Lower tariff
– Put US $$ in
independent treasuries
– Clear Oregon boundary
issue
– Obtain California

20. The Oregon Dispute:The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or54’ 40º or
Fight!Fight!
 By the mid-
1840s,
“Oregon Fever”
was
spurred on by
the
promise of free
land.
 The joint British-
U. S.
occupation
ended in
1846.

22. • It was an armed conflict between the United
States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848 in the
wake of the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas,
which Mexico considered part of its territory
despite the 1836 Texas Revolution.
The Mexican–American War

23. • Mexico accepted the Rio Grande as its
national border, and the loss of Texas.
• Meanwhile gold was discovered in
California, which immediately became an
international magnet for the California
Gold Rush.
The Mexican–American War

24. Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
•Mexico ceded the MexicanMexico ceded the Mexican
Cession to U.S.Cession to U.S.
•Rio Grande River boundaryRio Grande River boundary
between U.S. and Mexicobetween U.S. and Mexico
•U.S. paid Mexico $15 millionU.S. paid Mexico $15 million

25. • The major consequence of the war was the
Mexican Cession of the territories of Californiaterritories of California
and New Mexicoand New Mexico to the United States in
exchange for $15 million.
• In addition, the United States forgave debt
owed by the Mexican government to U.S.
citizens.
The Mexican–American War

26. Gadsden Purchase
Wilmot Proviso
• Gadsden Purchase
shaped the
southwest(final piece)
• Stated that all lands
gained by Mexican
Cession would outlaw
slavery
– Intensified Sectional
rivalry in Congress
Wilmot Proviso, 1846

28. Most intense debate in U.S. HistoryMost intense debate in U.S. History
•John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun
•North should honor the Constitution
and enforce the Fugitive Slave Law
•South wanted California
•threatened to secede from U.S.
•U.S. should have two Presidents---
one from the North and one for the
South
Comp of 1850
•Daniel WebsterDaniel Webster
•Secession is impractical &
impossible
•How would we split the land?
•The military?
•Compromise at all cost
•Preserve the Union
•Henry ClayHenry Clay
•The Great Compromiser, with
John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster
and Stephen Douglas, propose
this compromise.

29. Compromise of 1850
• California wanted to join the union, but
problems arose…free or slave state?
• Henry Clay “The Great Compromiser” issues a
proposal that sparks the most heated debate
in US History
– Cali a free state, NM and TX border resolved,
outlaw slave trade in DC
– Congress could not interfere with slave trade,
Fugitive Slave Law

30. •U.S. Senator from the state of IllinoisU.S. Senator from the state of Illinois
•Solve the slavery issue was throughSolve the slavery issue was through
Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty
•let the people in each territorylet the people in each territory
decide through the process of votingdecide through the process of voting
whether they want slavery or not.whether they want slavery or not.
•Along with Henry Clay, DanielAlong with Henry Clay, Daniel
Webster and John C. Calhoun theyWebster and John C. Calhoun they
proposed theproposed the Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850
•Calif. A free stateCalif. A free state
•enforce Fugitive Slave Lawenforce Fugitive Slave Law
•Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty
•stop slave trade in Washington, D.C.stop slave trade in Washington, D.C.
Picture/S.Douglas

31. Map Comp of 1850
Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty
Allow the people in a
territory to vote on
whether they want
slavery to exist or
not in their state.

32. ABOLITIONISTS RESPOND
Denounced by
Abolitionists
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s,
Uncle Tom’s Cabin is
published
Abolitionists refuse to
enforce the law
Underground Railroad
becomes more active