The document summarizes key events in Colombia's independence movement from Spanish rule, including: 1) The Revolution of the Comuneros in 1780, where indigenous people in Socorro rebelled against new taxes imposed by the Spanish viceroy. 2) The Cry of Independence on July 20, 1810, when patriots in Bogota protested Spanish rule and took the first steps towards independence. 3) The pivotal Battle of Boyacá on August 7, 1819, where Simón Bolívar's independence forces defeated the Spanish, securing independence for Colombia.

2. What was the revolution of the comuneros?- 1780
• Due to the increase in taxes, the
inhabitants of Socorro (Santander)
led by Manuela Beltrán, were
revealed against the Spaniards.
• They marched to Bogota and
demanded the viceroy Antonio
Caballero y Góngora the abolition of
the taxes.
• Although at the beginning the king
promised to do so, he did not and he
set a trap for the commoners.
• In fact, the leader José Antonio
Galán (killed) fell silent as a victim.

3. ¿What was the Independence?
Independence was a long revolutionary process in which our territory
was separated from the old Spanish Empire. Many people participated
in this process, such as Spaniards, Creoles, Afro-descendants,
indigenous people, women and even children.
The Battle of Boyacá painted by the Venezuelan artist Martín Tovar in 1890

4. There were several causes for independence:
■ The refusal of the Spanish kingdom to the participation of the creoles. This
produced the writing of the Memorial of Grievances of Camilo Torres.
■ The cry of independence on July 20, 1810.
■ Battle of Boyacá on August 7, 1819
Simón
Bolívar
Francisco P.
Santander
Camilo
Torres
Antonio
Nariño
Causes of the independence

5. • The people of New Granada (now Colombia) were
unhappy with Spanish rules.
• Bogota’s patriots had a plan. On the morning of the July
20th of 1810, they would ask to Mr. Llorente to borrow
a flower vase with which to adorn a table for a
celebration in honor of Antonio Villavicencio, a well-
known patriot.
• It was assumed that Llorente, who had a reputation for
de an angry men, would refuse. His refusal would be
the excuse to provoke a riot and force the Viceroy to
hand power over to the creoles.
• Meanwhile, Joaquín Camacho would go to the
Viceregal palace and request an open council: they
knew that this, too, would be refused.
• The people of Bogota took to the streets to protest
Spanish arrogance.
• In reality, it was the first official step on Colombia's
freedom.
Cry of the independence- 1810

6. The first Republic or “Patria Boba” - 1812
After the defeat of the Spaniards, the granadinos took control of the nation.
However, the differences between federalists and centralists, conditioned a period of
political instability and the beginning of several armed clashes known as civil wars.

7. The Spanish
Reconquest - 1814
Following the figths between
federalists and centralists, the
Spanish initiated the reconquest
of our territory.
Pablo Morillo,
known as "The
Peacemaker", was
the one to
command
the Spanish
reconquest. He
was responsible for
the deaths of many
men and women.

8. • It took place on August 7th 1819, and not only did it put an end to violent disputes
for power in Colombian territory, but it also solidified the independence path the
country had set for itself on July 20th 1810.
• It all began with a series of battles led by the Independence
Campaign —which was led by Simón Bolívar.
• After a six-hour combat, the Independence troops won and obtained the Spaniards
submission, which were taken as prisoners.
Battle of Boyacá -1819

9. Activity
Present the possible effects of historical continuity of the independence
through a TV news. Make groups of 3 students and use puppets
• Revolutions and independence around the world
• Revolution of the comuneros
• Ideas in the Viceroyalty of New Granada
• The cry of independence on July 20, 1810
• Battle of Boyacá on August 7, 1819
• The first Republic or “Patria Boba”
• The Spanish Reconquest