In this document you will learn about the Independence of New Granada (what today is Colombia, Venezula and Ecuador).
En este documento aprenderás acerca de la Independencia del Virreinato de la Nueva Granada comprendida por lo que hoy en día es Colombia, Venezuela y Ecuador.
MILITARY GOVERNMENT AND DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT
HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT
PRE-SPANISH LAWS
SPANISH POLITICAL SYSTEM
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
JUDICIAL SYSTEM
The Provincial and Municipal Governments:
FRAILOCRAPHY (Quasi-Theocratic Colonial Govnt)
Malolos Congress
Malolos Constitution
AMERICAN COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
JAPANESE-SPONSORED CONSTITUTION AND SECOND PHIL. REPUBLIC
MILITARY GOVERNMENT AND DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT
HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT
PRE-SPANISH LAWS
SPANISH POLITICAL SYSTEM
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
JUDICIAL SYSTEM
The Provincial and Municipal Governments:
FRAILOCRAPHY (Quasi-Theocratic Colonial Govnt)
Malolos Congress
Malolos Constitution
AMERICAN COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
JAPANESE-SPONSORED CONSTITUTION AND SECOND PHIL. REPUBLIC
Week 5 Worksheet HST276 Version 23Week 5 Worksheet As you.docxcockekeshia
Week 5 Worksheet
HST/276 Version 2
3Week 5 Worksheet
As you read this week’s required materials, complete this worksheet. This is a multipage assignment; double-check that you completed each page before submitting.
Part I: Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blanks to complete the following sentences.
1. Revolutionary France
a. Burdened by debt from the Seven Years’ War and French support for the American Revolution, King needed to raise taxes, so he agreed to convene the , which met in 1789 at Versailles. Led by the —those outside the aristocracy or church— a new was declared on June 17, 1789. Its members swore, in the Tennis Court Oath, to create a new for France.
b. Nervous about the new National Constituent Assembly, the king gathered troops near Versailles and in early July of 1789. The citizens of , anxious about the royal troops, formed a militia and, on July 14, 1789, stormed the fortress of the city, the , earning a position in the French Revolution for -class people.
c. Following the events of July 14, 1789, workers in many French cities formed militias, and peasants rose up in the countryside in a movement called the . To confront these threats, aristocrats and clergy in the National Constituent Assembly surrendered many of their privileges on August , 1789, establishing the same and equal laws for all French citizens. The National Constituent Assembly went on to issue the Declaration on August 27, 1789. The king hesitated to ratify either of these decisions.
d. Worried that the king might suppress the revolution and demanding more , the of Paris marched to Versailles on October 5, 1789, and returned with the royal family, who moved to the palace of the in the city, where popular pressure could be maintained.
e. In 1790, the National Constituent Assembly passed the Civil Constitution of the , which declared government control over the Church in France. They demanded that priests and bishops swear to support the Civil Constitution and declared those who refused to take the oath were and prohibited them from conducting religious ceremonies. These actions convinced the , in February of 1791, to denounce the Civil Constitution and the . The National Constituent Assembly replaced the traditional provinces with , founded uniform courts, and established the system of measurement.
f. The Constitution of 1791, adopted by the National Constituent Assembly, established a constitutional that limited many people, including all women, from voting. The new Legislative Assembly declared war on in 1792. The war initially went poorly, and revolutionaries grew more radical. On August 10, 1792, the people of Paris invaded the palace, forcing the king and queen to flee to the , which held them comfortably but did not allow them any political power.
g. During the second revolution, the new radical government of Paris, the executed hundreds of criminals, calling them counterrevolutionaries, during the Massacres. This gove.
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Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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1. COLOMBIAN INDEPENDENCE
By Mario Arenas Herrán
The Colombian Independence is the most
important historical event of our country,
which allowed the emancipation of
Colombia with the Spanish empire. It was
the conflict that was fought during the
first quarter of the 19th Century to free the
Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717–
1819), which are now Colombia, Panamá,
Ecuador and Venezuela.
It was a process in which we can notice 3
stages. The very first phase goes from
1810 until 1816 and it’s characterized by
the repetitive infighting among the
Patriots, those who rebelled violently
against Spain. Then, in 1816, the
Loyalists recovered the control of the
country, being the following years known
as the Spanish Reconquest of the New
Granada. However, it was in 1819 when
a series of military and political struggles
started, until the territories of the
viceroyalty gained the full independence
from Spain in 1822.
This war was part of the Spanish
American wars of independence, emerged
in Latin America due to the French
invasion of Spain in 1808, during the
Napoleonic Wars in Europe.
The Foolish Fatherland
The period between 1810 and 1816 in the
Viceroyalty of New Granada was marked
by such several conflicts between the
federalists and the centralists that it was
named as La Patria Boba (the Foolish
Fatherland) since both sides agreed with
the independence, but they could not
reach agreement about how the nature of
the new government should be.
In 1808 during the Peninsular War, owing
to the Napoleonic invasion, several local
administrations, called Juntas, were
established in different cities of Spain as a
patriotic alternative in opposition to the
official administration imposed by the
French invaders. Realizing the need of
unity promoted the creation of a central
one, the Supreme Central Junta, but it
lasted two years.
The term was also used in Spanish
America to describe the first autonomist
2. governments established in 1809, 1810
and 1811 in reaction to the developments
in Spain. After the beginning of the First
Republic of Venezuela and the
establishment of a junta in Caracas, cities
in New Granada began to do the same
and established their own juntas.
Cartagena de Indias established it on May
22th of 1810, followed by Cali on July
3rd, Pamplona the next day, and then
Socorro on July 10th. On July 20th,
Santa Fe de Bogotá, established its own
junta. Nowadays, this date is celebrated
as Colombia's Independence Day.
Antonio Nariño
In 1811 the province of Bogotá,
centralist, was declared the Free and
Independent State of Cundinamarca,
and the first president was Jorge Tadeo
Lozano. Nevertheless, Antonio Nariño
forced his resignation and replaced him
the same year. Meanwhile, the other
provinces had joined in the United
Provinces of New Granada, a federation
with a parliamentary system, which
consisted in a union of partially self-governing
states or regions under a
central government. These two different
forms of government of New Granada
could not reach an agreement, becoming
this situation in a conflict that led to war
in 1812 and again in 1814.
The first war ended in a draw. Although
there were quite a lot of casualties in the
battle, Cundinamarca organized an
expedition the following year, in this case
against the Spanish and Royalist forces,
pretending to reach Popayan and Pasto,
and eventually Quito. Nariño's forces
were able to take Popayán in January
1814. By the time they arrived in Pasto,
they had suffered many raids of Royalist
guerrillas and the morale of many of the
troops under Nariño's command was so
weak because of the lack of promised
reinforcements from Antioquia. After
being wounded during combat, a false
rumor of Nariño's death was spread. The
soldiers returned to Popayán, and Nariño
was left practically alone in the
battlefield. He tried to hide, but when he
was found, he surrendered himself and
was taken to the Royal prison at Cádiz.
The second war between federalists and
centralists took place after this episode,
when the United Provinces took the
opportunity to send an army headed by
Simón Bolívar against a weakened
Cundinamarca. Finally, Bolívar and his
army forced the submission of
Cundinamarca to the Union in December
1814.
3. Spanish Reconquest of New
Granada
The Spanish Invasion of United Provinces
of New Granada occurred in 1815–1816,
and is known as the Reconquest (in Latin
America) or Restoration (in Spain). After
the Napoleonic Wars ended, Ferdinand
VII restored to the throne in Spain, and
decided to send military forces to retake
the South American colonies, which had
established autonomous juntas and
independent states.
The invaders were led by "The Pacifier"
Pablo Morillo, a Spanish military and
marine who was named the I Count of
Cartagena and Marquess of La Puerta,
and completed the Reconquest of New
Granada by taking Bogotá on May 1816.
The Liberation Campaign
In late 1818, the situation was finally in
favor of the Patriots. It allowed Bolívar,
from Venezuela, and Francisco de Paula
Santander, from New Granada, to begin
to coordinate joint actions that promoted
a military unit.
By 1819, Simón Bolívar wanted to attack
Tunja, but he could collect only about
2,200 troops, organized into four
battalions; one of them in command of
James Rooke who had between 160 and
200 Englishmen. On the other side, José
María Barreiro, who was in command of
the royalist troops in New Granada, had
at least 4,500 men.
Crossing the Moorland of Pisba
Simon Bolivar Crosses the Andes
On May 26 1819, Bolivar mobilized his
army, from Venezuela to Casanare, in
New Granada. He arrived there on June
4th of the same year, and in Tame on June
11th, where General Santander was. Now,
with around 4300 soldiers, they decided
to march to Tunja, where Barreiro's army
protected the city. They had 3 options to
do it, but they chose the most difficult and
inhospitable way, through the Pisba
Moorland, crossing the East Andes since
it would give them the wow-factor.
Vargas Swamp Battle
Bolivar tried to prevent the path that the
supporting forces from Bogotá were
going to use to help Barreiro's army.
Barreiro realized what was going to
happen, and ordered his troops to stop it.
Finally, both sides met in the swamp of
Vargas and fought. Bolívar's army
successfully beat the royalist army in
spite of the fatigue after climbing the
Moorland de Pisba.
4. The Battle of Boyacá
After Vargas Swamp Battle, Bolivar
reorganized and gave rest to the army
until August 4th, day when ordered to
return to Venezuela, but before going
there, he decided to take Tunja, arriving
in the city on August 5 in the morning.
Aware of the situation, Barreiro is forced
to mobilize to prevent the Independentist
army take Santafé. Due to this, Barreiro
and his men took the fastest route to
Bogotá, by the bridge of Boyacá with the
purpose of meeting with Sámaro, another
Spanish leader, and organize the defense
of the city.
Bolivar noticed the Barreiro’s intentions,
so the Patriots intercepted the bridge
before they could pass. It was a short and
intense battle in which the Spanish army
was surprised. After two hours, the
Bolivar army killed about 1600 men, and
more than 200 wounded.
With the Battle of Boyacá, the Spanish
rule in New Granada ended, and it
inspired other Latin American triumphs.
Boyacá Bridge (not the original)