Unit testing is often automated but it can also be done manually. Debugging is a process of line by line execution of the code/ script with the intent of finding errors/ fixing the defects.
Real Time Systems,Issues of real time system,Notations, state oriented Petrinets,Milestones, Walkthroughs, Inspections, Test plans,Functional test,Performance test,Stress test,Structural test
This Presentation contains all the topics in design concept of software engineering. This is much more helpful in designing new product. You have to consider some of the design concepts that are given in the ppt
Unit testing is often automated but it can also be done manually. Debugging is a process of line by line execution of the code/ script with the intent of finding errors/ fixing the defects.
Real Time Systems,Issues of real time system,Notations, state oriented Petrinets,Milestones, Walkthroughs, Inspections, Test plans,Functional test,Performance test,Stress test,Structural test
This Presentation contains all the topics in design concept of software engineering. This is much more helpful in designing new product. You have to consider some of the design concepts that are given in the ppt
project management-cpm and pert methods for managersNaganna Chetty
A project is a one shot, time limited, goal directed, major undertaking, requiring the commitment of varied skills & resources.
A project:
Has a unique purpose.
Is temporary.
Is developed using progressive elaboration.
Requires resources, often from various areas.
Should have a primary customer or sponsor.
The project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for the project.
Involves uncertainty.
Project managers work with project sponsors, project teams, and other people involved in projects to meet project goals.
Program: “A group of related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually.”
Program managers oversee programs and often act as bosses for project managers.
Project management is “the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.”
Program (Project) Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT): is a project management tool used to schedule, organize, and coordinate tasks within a project.
Introduction 1
Network is a technique used for planning and scheduling of large projects in the fields of construction, maintenance, fabrication, purchasing, computer system instantiation, research and development planning etc. There is multitude of operations research situations that can be modeled and solved as network. Some recent surveys reports that as much as 70% of the real-world mathematical programming problems can be represented by network related models. Network analysis is known by many names _PERT (Programme Evaluation and Review Technique), CPM (Critical Path Method), PEP (Programme Evaluation Procedure), LCES (Least Cost Estimating and Scheduling), SCANS (Scheduling and Control by Automated Network System), etc
This chapter will present three of algorithms.
1. PERT & CPM
2. Shortest- route algorithms
3. Maximum-flow algorithms
A project is an interrelated set of activities that has definite starting and ending points and that result in a unique product
or service
• Cuts across organizational lines - they need varied skills of different profession
• Uncertainties like new technology & external environment can change the character of the project
• Personnel, materials, facilities etc. are temporarily assembled to accomplish a goal within a specified time frame and then disbanded
• Upon finish, a project releases lot of resources which were engaged in execution of the project
CPM and PERT are most commonly used methods for project management. There are some similarities and differences between PERT and CPM. PERT can be applied to any field requiring planned, controlled and integrated work efforts to accomplish defined objectives.
Optimization of Time Restriction in Construction Project Management Using Lin...IJERA Editor
This study is an attempt to identify the minimum time of a construction project using the critical path method
and linear programming model. A systematic analysis is attempted by developing a work breakdown structure
for entire project to establish work elements for quantifying various resources against time and cost. A network
is established taking into consideration all the predecessor and successor activities. The network is then
optimized through crashing of activities so as to obtain optimal solution and serves as a base for optimizing total
project cost. Finally, linear programming model is used to formulate the system of crashing network for
minimum time by LINGO model and Microsoft Excel. These models consider many considerations of project
thus reducing the duration of project. Ultimately, comparison of both the software outputs and the manual
calculations is done and the best verifier is determined.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. Software Engineering
Staffing Level Estimation
Submitted by,
M. Kavitha,
II – M.Sc (CS&IT),
Nadar Saraswathi College
of Arts & Science, Theni.
2. Staffing level estimation :
* The number of personnel required throughout a
software development project is not constant.
* Planning and analysis are performed by a small group
of people, architectural design by a large, but still group and
details design a large number of people.
* Implementation and system testing require the largest
number of people.
* Maintenance may require numerous personnel but the
number should decrease in a short time.
3. * In 1958, Norden research and development project.
Cycles :
A. Planning
B. Design
C. Prototype
D. Product
E. Modification
4. * A cycle of planning, design, prototype, development
and use with the corresponding personnel.
* Any particular point on the Rayleigh curve represents
the number of full-time equivalent personnel at that instants in
time (NOR58).
* The Rayleigh curve is specified by two parameters, td
the time at which the curve its maximum value.
* Then K the total area under the curve which represents
the total effort required for the project.
5. E = K / t2
d t e –t2/2t2
d
Fig 2 : The Rayleigh curve of effort vs. time
6. In 1976, Putnum reported that the personnel level of
effort required throughout the life cycle.
Fig 3 : Putnum’s interpretation of Rayleigh curve(PUT76)
7. A. Design and coding (15%)
B. Test and validation (20%)
C. Extension (10%)
D. Modification (25%)
E. Maintenance (20%)
F. Management (10%)
* The planning requirements analysis and functional
design in the project curve.
* Boehm the Rayleigh is reasonably accurate
estimator of personnel development cycle.
* The development cycle from architectural design
through implementation and system testing if the portion of
the curve between 0.3td and 1.7td.
8. Where ,
PM - estimated number of programmer months
for product development (excluding planning and analysis)
TDEV - estimated development time.
FSP – Full – time Software personnel.
9. * FSP required at any particular time t, where t is
in the range 0.3td to 1.7td.
* Then td is still the time of peak staff requirements
but it is no longer interpreted as the elapsed development
time.
* The plot of the personnel requirement as a
function of time for a 32-KDSI, 91-PM.
COCOMO Rayleigh
Design System
test
FSP
t, months
10. Activity
Effort Schedule
32 KDSI 128 KDSI 32 KDSI 128 KDSI
Plans and
requirements 6% 6% 12% 13%
Architectural
design 16% 16% 19% 19%
Detailed design 24% 24% Combined value :
Coding and unit
test 38% 36% 55% 51%
System test 22% 25% 26% 30%
Table 1 : Distribution of effort for application programs
12. * Boehm also presents tables that specify the of
effort and schedule in a software development project.
* The total number of programmer months and total
development time can be used estimate the actual number
of programmer months and elapsed time for each activity.
* An estimate of the number of full time software
personnel required in each phase of software development
and divided number of programmer month.