The document contains questions and answers related to project management for energy managers and energy auditors. It covers key concepts in project management including project financing, contracting, technical design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Common project management techniques like critical path method (CPM), Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Gantt charts are discussed. Contract types for energy efficiency projects including traditional contracts, guaranteed savings performance contracts and shared savings performance contracts are also explained.
إدارة التخطيط والبرامج الزمنية
فيديو المحاضرة: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiGNZeLQ9Po
Content:
1- Planning and scheduling
2- Time schedule development
3- Resource and cost loading
4- Time schedule submittal
5- Review and approval
6- Update and reporting
7- Delay quantification approaches
8- Mitigation and action plans
How to prepare recovery or revised schedule rev.2Abdelhay Ghanem
See my solution for one of the most hard issue which is facing most of planners while they are preparing recovery schedule.
I prepared, then uploaded a file to explain how to prepare a recovery baseline schedule (In English). With the new concluded equation (Ghanem equation) it is now easy to apply on Primavera.
إدارة التخطيط والبرامج الزمنية
فيديو المحاضرة: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiGNZeLQ9Po
Content:
1- Planning and scheduling
2- Time schedule development
3- Resource and cost loading
4- Time schedule submittal
5- Review and approval
6- Update and reporting
7- Delay quantification approaches
8- Mitigation and action plans
How to prepare recovery or revised schedule rev.2Abdelhay Ghanem
See my solution for one of the most hard issue which is facing most of planners while they are preparing recovery schedule.
I prepared, then uploaded a file to explain how to prepare a recovery baseline schedule (In English). With the new concluded equation (Ghanem equation) it is now easy to apply on Primavera.
Economics of project evaluation cpm module2ahsanrabbani
Introduction: The competencies required for developing business cases comprise a range of skills, including those for:
• facilitation and negotiation
• demand management
• risk management
• value management
• economic, social, environmental and budget analyses, and
• strategic planning.
The document will enable the reader to have a better understanding on the different ways of progress measurement and help decide an individual the reporting type that is beneficial for them.
Engineering design process 3rd edition haik solutions manualSummerfieldTBL
Engineering design process 3rd edition haik solutions manual
Full download: https://goo.gl/J8jpzP
People also search:
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Economics of project evaluation cpm module2ahsanrabbani
Introduction: The competencies required for developing business cases comprise a range of skills, including those for:
• facilitation and negotiation
• demand management
• risk management
• value management
• economic, social, environmental and budget analyses, and
• strategic planning.
The document will enable the reader to have a better understanding on the different ways of progress measurement and help decide an individual the reporting type that is beneficial for them.
Engineering design process 3rd edition haik solutions manualSummerfieldTBL
Engineering design process 3rd edition haik solutions manual
Full download: https://goo.gl/J8jpzP
People also search:
engineering design process yousef haik pdf
engineering design process book pdf
engineering design process 2nd edition haik pdf
engineering design process pdf
Page 9Introduction to Project Management Principles and Practices.docxalfred4lewis58146
Page 9Introduction to Project Management Principles and Practices
MGMT X442.28
Name:
Date:
Directions: Give short answers in the space provided; circle the one best response for multiple choice or true/false.
1. A project is defined as:
a. A process of considerable scope that implements a plan
b. A group of ideas managed with a coordinated effort to obtain a desired outcome
c. A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service
d. A collection of activities with a beginning and an end
2. The 46 project management processes described in the PMBOK® Guide (and organized into process groups and knowledge areas) should be executed:
a. In the sequence identified by knowledge area
b. Iteratively, as determined by the project team
c. Only once, according to the project phase being executed
d. In the order of planning, initiating, executing, controlling and closing
3. The three components of the triple constraint are:
a. Scope, Performance, Cost
b. Scope, Cost, Time
c. Scope, Performance, Time
d. Scope, Quality, Cost
4. The five project management process groups as described in the PMBOK® Guide are:
a. Define, measure, analyze, improve, control
b. Initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, closing
c. Requirements, design, development, testing, implementation
d. Kickoff, requirements, plan, schedule, control
5. You have finished planning and have begun executing the project when the customer asks if you would add some important features to the product of the project. What is the immediate impact to the triple constraints?
a. Scope and quality would be affected but not cost
b. Adding features will require additional cost but not time
c. Cost must remain constant because resources are limited
d. Time and cost may both be affected
6. Identify the ten knowledge areas described in the PMBOK( Guide and list the processes included in each.
7. The primary role of the Project Manager is to facilitate:
a. Project initiation
b. Distributing work packages
c. Measuring performance
d. Communication
8. To create a complete Project Management Plan, it is necessary on every project for the project team to review the impact of each of the knowledge areas described in the PMBOK® Guide.
a. True
b. False
9. List the two key benefits to the project manager of using a project charter. (Extra credit for third benefit.)
10. Which of the following statements regarding project planning is not true?
a. It provides a basis for decision making
b. It does not need to be included on the WBS
c. It aids communications with end users
d. It defines a baseline for project control
11. Describe how project scope differs from product scope.
12. The components of the project scope management plan include all of the following except:
a. A process to prepare a detailed project scope statement that describes the project’s deliverables, work required to create them, and project acceptance criteria
b. A process to defin.
A partial results from a PERT analysis for a project with 50 activit.pdfrozakashif85
A partial results from a PERT analysis for a project with 50 activities shows that path A-K-Q
Solution
There are 50 activities shows the path A-K-Q.
With the help of PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique), and CPM (Critical Path
Method), the project manager can
1. Plan the project ahead of time and foresee possible sources of troubles and delays in
completion.
2. Schedule the project activities at the appropriate times to conform with proper job sequence so
that the project is completed as soon as possible.
3. Coordinate and control the projects activities so as to stay on schedule in completing the
project.
Thus PERT incorporates uncertainties in activity times in its analysis. It determines the
probabilities of completing various stages of the project by specified deadlines. It also calculates
the expected time to complete the project. An important and extremely useful by product of
PERT analysis is its identification of various “bottlenecks” in a project.
Application of PERT and CPM
A partial list of applications of PERT and CPM techniques is
1. Construction projects (e.g., buildings, highways, houses, and bridges)
2. Preparation of bids and proposals for large projects.
3. Maintenance planning of oil refineries, ship repairs, and other large operations.
4. Development of new weapons systems and new manufactured products.
5. Manufacture and assembly of large items such as airplanes, ships, and computers. 6. Simple
projects.
Six steps :
1. Define the projects and all of its significant activities or tasks.
2. Develop the relationships among the activities. Decide which activities must precede and
which must follow others.
3. Draw the network connecting all of the activities.
4. Assign time and/or cost estimates to each activity.
5. Compute the longest time path through the network; this is called the critical path.
6. Use the network to help plan, schedule, monitor and control the project..
According to the scientific developments in all sectors around the world, there is
needs of using the technique of operation research and its implementation that help
the manufacturers to draw their work policy and making future planning to achieve
their goals. However, the complexity of industrial projects comprise a lot of activities,
which needs to be controlled and scheduled in scientific ways, in according with the
availabilities of equipment’s and efforts of manufacturer. This research goal is to
reduce the completion time and cost of constructing a yacht by using critical bath
method and pert techniques. Results showed that the efficiency of using scientific
critical path method and pert reduce the time of yacht construction. Also, the
receiving and distribution of raw materials leads to minimize the completion job.
Therefore, making training programs to the manufacturer employees to process the
job in perfect performance
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacks
1.2 project management by bee 2
1. Question bank for Energy Managers & Energy Auditors
Chapter 1.7 Project Management
Part – I: Objective type questions and answers
1. Project financing is one of the step of project management- State True or False
2. Proposed new technologies, process modifications, equipment replacements are the
elements of
a) Financing b) contracting c) technical design d) Implementation
3. The term ‘energy services contract’ in a project comes under
a) Financing b) contracting c) monitoring d) evaluation
4. The contractor providing financing and is paid an agreed fraction of actual savings as
they are achieved is called
a) Traditional contract b) Extended financing terms
c) Shared savings performance contract d) energy service contract
5. The contract in which project specifications are provided to a contractor who procures
and installs equipment at cost plus a mark-up or fixed price is called
a) Extended Financing terms b) guaranteed saving performance contract
c) shared saving performance contract d) Traditional contract
6. The technique used for scheduling the tasks and tracking of the progress of energy
management projects is called
a) CPM b) Gantt chart
c) CUSUM d) PERT
7. CPM predicts the time required to complete the project— State True or False
8. The time between its earliest and latest start time, or between its earliest and latest
finish time of an activity is
a) delay time b) slack time c) critical path d) start time
9. The path through the project network in which none of the activities have slack is called
a) start time b) slack time c) critical path d) delay time
10. CPM provides the following benefits
a) graphical view of the project
b) inter-relationship among various tasks
c) Predicts time required to complete the project
d) all the above
1.7 Project management - revised (table format) 50
2. Question bank for Energy Managers & Energy Auditors
11. Which of the following statements about critical path analysis (CPA) is true?
a) The critical path is the longest path through the network
b) The critical path is the shortest path through the network
c) Tasks with float will never become critical
d) The network should remain constant throughout the project
12. Project management technique which uses three time estimates-optimistic, pessimistic
and most likely, which help in establishing the probability of completing a project within
a specified time and take calculated risk before commencing a project is---------.
(a) PERT (b) CUSUM (c) CPM (d) none of the above
13. The network model that allows for randomness in activity completion times is called
(a) CUSUM (b) CPM (c) PERT (d) Gantt chart
14. The technique which suggests corrective action to be taken in the light of actual
performance is --------
(a) CUSUM (b) PERT (c) Performance monitoring (d) none of the above
15. Performance is done after implementation. State True or false
16. An effective way of communicating a projects benefit usually as a part of a performance
measuring and reporting process is termed as.
(a) Performance indicator (b) CPM (c) PERT (d) Gantt chart
17. In project management system, Critical Path Method CPM) allows for randomness
activity completion time deterministic method while Programme Evaluation Review
Technique (PERT) uses fixed time estimate for each activity. State True or False.
18. In Critical Path of CPM used in project planning techniques indicates _____ .
a) time require for the completion of the project
b) delays in the project
c) early start and late end of the project
d) none of the above
19. Which of the following does not belongs to project planning technique?
a) CPM b) PERT
c) Gantt chart d) IRR (internal rate of return)
20. Formal project Close Out is necessary:
a) On medium to large projects only b) On all projects
c) Only if a project has been terminated early d) As part of Post Project Appraisal
Part – II: Short type questions and answers
1. Define the term ‘project’.
A project is a one-shot, time limited, goal directed, major undertaking requiring the
commitment of varied skills and resources.
1.7 Project management - revised (table format) 51
3. Question bank for Energy Managers & Energy Auditors
2. List various steps in project management.
The various steps in project management are:
a) Project definition and scope
b) Technical design
c) Financing
d) Contracting
e) Implementation
f) Performance monitoring
3. List the external source of funds during financing stage in project management.
External sources of funds include:
Bank loans
Leasing arrangement
Payment by savings ( a deal arranged with equipment supplier)
Energy services contract
Private finance initiatives
4. List the elements to be considered during technical design of a project management.
a) Proposed new technologies, process modifications, equipment replacement and
other measures included in the project.
b) Product / technology / material supply chain (sourcing of vender from domestic or
international with reliability of supply)
c) Commercial viability of the complete measures (IRR, NPV, etc.)
d) Special technical complexes (installation, maintenance, repair), associated skills
required.
e) Preliminary designs, including schematics along with design requirements,
manufacturer name and contact details and capital cost estimates.
f) Organisational and management plan for implementation including time table,
personal requirements, staff training, project engineering and other logistical issues.
5. While screening the projects, list the criteria used to rank-order project opportunities.
a) Cost effectiveness of energy savings of complete package of measures (IRR, NPC,
Cash flow, payback period)
b) Sustainability of savings over life of the equipment
c) Ease of quantification, monitoring and verifying electricity and fuel savings
d) Availability of technology and ease in adoptability to Indian condition.
e) Other environmental and social benefits (such as reduction in emissions and
pollutants)
1.7 Project management - revised (table format) 52
4. Question bank for Energy Managers & Energy Auditors
6. What are the different types of contracts involved in project management system.
Traditional contract
Extended technical guarantee/service
Extended financing terms
Guaranteed savings performance contract
Shared savings performance contract
7. Briefly explain guaranteed saving performance contract.
Guaranteed Saving Performance Contract is a contract, where all or part of savings is
guaranteed by the contractor, and all or part of the costs of equipment and/or services is
paid down out of savings as they are achieved.
8. Briefly explain shared saving performance contract.
Shared Savings Performance Contract is the contractor, which provides the financing
and is paid an agreed fraction of actual savings as they are achieved. This payment is
used to pay down the debt costs of equipment and/or services.
9. List guidelines used during implementation stage of projects?
Limit long lead times
Manage out-of-pocket development by focusing efforts
Manage project carefully
10. List the main points that are most important to a successful project
a) A project must meet customer requirements
b) A project must be under budget
c) A project must be on time
11. List the steps involved in CPM project planning?
Steps in CPM Project Planning
1. Specify the individual activities.
2. Determine the sequence/interrelationships of those activities.
3. Draw a network diagram.
4. Estimate the completion time for each activity.
5. Identify the critical path (longest path through the network)
6. Update the CPM diagram as the project progresses.
12. What are the benefits of CPM.
CPM provides the following benefits:
Provides a graphical view of the project.
Depicts the interrelationships among various tasks/activities
Predicts the time required to complete the project.
Shows which activities are critical to maintaining the schedule and which are not.
1.7 Project management - revised (table format) 53
5. Question bank for Energy Managers & Energy Auditors
13. Define briefly PERT
The Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is a network model that allows
for randomness in activity completion times. PERT uses three time estimates-optimistic,
pessimistic and most likely, which help in establishing the probability of completing a
project within a specified time and take calculated risk before commencing a project. It
has the potential to reduce both the time and cost required to complete a project.
14. What are the different steps involved in PERT planning?
PERT planning involves the following steps:
1. Identify the specific activities and milestones.
2. Determine the interdependencies and proper sequence of the activities.
3. Construct a network diagram.
4. Estimate the time(three time estimates, if probabilities are to be computed)
required for each activity.
5. Determine the critical path.
6. Update the PERT chart as the project progresses.
15. What are the benefits of PERT.
PERT is useful because it provides the following information:
• Expected project completion time.
• Probability of completion before a specified date.
• The critical path activities that directly impact the completion time.
• The activities that have slack time and that can lend resources to critical path
activities.
• Activity starts and end dates.
16. How performance monitoring in project management is useful? List the benefits.
Once the project is completed performance review should be done periodically to
compare actual performance with projected performance. A feedback device, it is useful
in several ways:
a) It throws light on how realistic were the assumptions underlying the project
b) It provides a documented log of experience that is highly valuable in future decision
making
c) It suggests corrective action to be taken in the light of actual performance
d) It helps in uncovering judgmental biases
e) It includes a desired caution among project sponsors.
17. List the project planning techniques used in project management.
Gantt chart, Critical path method (CPM), Programme evaluation review techniques
(PERT).
1.7 Project management - revised (table format) 54
6. Question bank for Energy Managers & Energy Auditors
18. What is slack time in critical path in CPM?
The slack time for an activity is the time between its earliest and latest start time, or
between its earliest and latest finish time. Slack is the amount of time that an activity can
be delayed past its earliest start or earliest finish without delaying the project.
19. List the internal source of funds during financing stage in project management.
Internal sources of fund include:
Direct cash provision from company reserves
From the revenue budget (if pay back period is very attractive and less than a year)
New share capital
20. Explain the need for measurement and verification in a project management system
Facility energy savings are determined by comparing the energy use before and after the
installation of energy conservation measures. The “before” case is called the baseline; the
“after” case is referred to as the post-installation or performance period. Proper
determination of savings includes adjusting for changes that affect energy use but that
are not caused by the conservation measures. Such adjustments may account for
differences in capacity utilization, raw material quality, product mix and other
parameters, between the baseline and performance periods.
In general,
Savings = (Baseline Energy use) adjusted –Post-installation Energy use
For example in a paper mill a variety of products depending on thickness (Grams per
Square meter) are made. If energy consumption is evaluated as kCals or kWh per tonne
of paper the figures could be misleading. Under these circumstances the measurement
and verification system is to be designed accounting for these variations
Part – III Long type questions and answers
1. Briefly explain steps in project management.
a) Project definition and scope: The first step in project development cycle is to identify
components of the project. Projects may be identified both internally and externally.
Next screening of the projects is used to rank older project opportunities.
b) Technical design: Once project makes its part the screening process, the hard work of
developing technical specification begins. For a project to be considered a viable
investment, its proponent must present a sound technical feasibility.
c) Financing: The funding for a project is often outside the control of the project
manager. However, it is important that one should understand the principles behind
the provision of scarce funds. Project funds can be obtained from either internal or
external sources.
d) Contracting: Substantial portion of a project is typically executed through contracts,
the proper management of contracts is critical to the successful implementation of a
project. If the project is to be implemented by an outside contractor several types of
contracts may be used to undertake the installation and commissioning.
e) Implementation: Implementation stage involves the execution of project as agreed
whilst carefully monitoring the progress and managing changes. On energy efficiency
projects the main issues are technology selection risk, the overall risk sharing criteria
is the installation contract, structure and relationship with sub-contractors and
enforcing penalties among parties.
f) Project monitoring techniques: there are variety of basic planning and monitoring
1.7 Project management - revised (table format) 55
7. Question bank for Energy Managers & Energy Auditors
techniques. All monitor progress and costs against resource budgets. Some of them
are Gantt charts, CPM (critical path method), program evaluation and review
techniques.
2. What are the several types of contracts used in project management and explain in brief?
Traditional Contract: All project specifications are provided to a contractor who
procures and installs equipment at cost plus a mark-up or fixed price.
Extended Technical Guarantee/Service: The contract offers extended
guarantees on the performance of selected equipment, and/or offers
service/maintenance agreements.
Extended Financing Terms: The contractor provides the option of an extended
lease or other financing vehicle in which the payment schedule can be based on the
expected savings.
Guaranteed Saving Performance Contract: All or part of savings is guaranteed
by the contractor, and all or part of the costs of equipment and/or services is paid
down out of savings as they are achieved.
Shared Savings Performance Contract: The contractor provides the financing
and is paid an agreed fraction of actual savings as they are achieved. This payment is
used to pay down the debt costs of equipment and/or services.
3. How critical path can be identified in CPM?
The critical path can be identified by determining the following four parameters for each
of the activity:
• ES - earliest start time: the earliest time at which the activity can start given that its
precedent activities must be completed first.
• EF - earliest finish time, equal to the earliest start time for the activity plus the time
required to complete the activity.
• LF - latest finish time: the latest time at which the activity can be completed without
delaying the project.
• LS - latest start time, equal to the latest finish time minus the time required to
complete the activity.
The slack time for an activity is the time between its earliest and latest start time, or
between its earliest and latest finish time. Slack is the amount of time that an activity can
be delayed past its earliest start or earliest finish without delaying the project. The critical
path is the path through the project network in which none of the activities have slack,
that is, the path for which ES=LS and EF=LF for all activities in the path.
4. What is CPM and list the steps in CPM project planning?
CPM models the activities and events of a project as a network. Activities are depicted as
nodes on the network and events that signify the beginning or ending of activities are
depicted as arcs or lines between the nodes. The following is an example of a CPM
network diagram.
1.7 Project management - revised (table format) 56
8. Question bank for Energy Managers & Energy Auditors
Steps in CPM Project Planning
1. Specify the individual activities.
2. Determine the sequence/interrelationships of those activities.
3. Draw a network diagram.
4. Estimate the completion time for each activity.
5. Identify the critical path (longest path through the network)
6. Update the CPM diagram as the project progresses.
5. Explain and draw a typical Gantt chart
Gantt chart (named after the inventor) or bar charts are used to scheduling the tasks and
tracking of the process of energy management projects. Gantt scheduling tool takes the
form of a horizontal bar graph on a time schedule.
Task Duration 1
week
2
week
3
week
4
week
5
week
6
week
7
week
1. Preliminary audit and report 1 week
2. Identification of external
consultants and obtaining the
proposals
2 weeks
3. Selection of auditor and
awarding contract
1 week
4. Detailed energy audit , field
study & report preparation
4 weeks
The horizontal axis of the Gantt chart is a time scale either in absolute time or in relative
time. Rows of bars in the chart show the beginning and ending dates of individual tasks
in the project. In some cases bars/activities may overlap, where several activities can be
performed in parallel. In such cases Gantt chart is quite useful for communicating the
timings of the various tasks.
For larger projects, the tasks can be broken into sub tasks having their own Gantt charts
to maintain readability and provide easy monitoring.
1.7 Project management - revised (table format) 57