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SSU Lecture 2

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John O'Connor

This document provides an overview of renal physiology, focusing on water and electrolyte balance. It discusses the roles of antidiuretic hormone and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in volume regulation and urine concentration. It also examines the kidney's role in acid-base balance through reabsorption and secretion. Finally, it reviews how the renal, cardiovascular and respiratory systems interact to maintain homeostasis.

Health & Medicine
1 of 21
RDE SSU 2 Water and Electrolyte Balance
Aims & Content of this lecture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ADH also needed to concentrate urine: how does it work? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ADH (aka AVP) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Angiotensin II – important actions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Aldosterone ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Feedback systems involved in osmolality control
Comparison of systems controlling effective circulating volume and osmolality Water intake Brain: drinking behaviour Thirst Renal water excretion Short term : Blood pressure Long term : Na + excretion What is affected? Kidney Short term : heart, blood vessels Long term : Kidney Effector ADH RAAS, Symp NS, ADH, ANP Efferent Pathways Hypothalamic osmoreceptors Carotid sinus, aortic arch, renal afferent arteriole, atria Sensors Plasma Osmolality Effective Circulating Volume What is sensed?
Control of effective circulating volume ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ECF volume receptors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Another vital function of the kidneys: Acid-Base Balance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sources of H+ gain and loss ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HCO 3 - Reabsorption (main physiological buffer) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Addition of new HCO 3 - to plasma by secretion of H + ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Addition of new HCO 3 - to plasma by excretion of ammonium (NH 4 + )
Normal urine & blood values: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Acid-base disorders ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Final review of renal integration with respiratory and cardiovascular systems RENAL SYSTEM CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Acid-base balance Gas exchange, ACE Effective circulating volume control, ECF osmolality, blood pressure All of these are constantly changing, trying to maintain HOMEOSTASIS!
So, why do you need to know this? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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SSU Lecture 2

  • 1. RDE SSU 2 Water and Electrolyte Balance
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  • 9. Feedback systems involved in osmolality control
  • 10. Comparison of systems controlling effective circulating volume and osmolality Water intake Brain: drinking behaviour Thirst Renal water excretion Short term : Blood pressure Long term : Na + excretion What is affected? Kidney Short term : heart, blood vessels Long term : Kidney Effector ADH RAAS, Symp NS, ADH, ANP Efferent Pathways Hypothalamic osmoreceptors Carotid sinus, aortic arch, renal afferent arteriole, atria Sensors Plasma Osmolality Effective Circulating Volume What is sensed?
  • 11.
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  • 20. Final review of renal integration with respiratory and cardiovascular systems RENAL SYSTEM CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Acid-base balance Gas exchange, ACE Effective circulating volume control, ECF osmolality, blood pressure All of these are constantly changing, trying to maintain HOMEOSTASIS!
  • 21.