Good Indo Pak relation is essential for both countries so that they can concentrate their energy for development welfare of people rather than wasting resources on war machinery.

1. India-Pakistan Relations
Basedon article by Donald Johnson & Wikipidea
Since their independence as new nations in 1947, India and Pakistan have followed a path of
mutual animosity. Pakistan was created as a national homeland for the Muslim-majority areas of
the subcontinent, while India proposed to become a secular nation that included about 85 percent
Hindus, but also more than ten percent Muslims as well as large numbers of Sikhs, Christians
and members of other religions.
Soon after the partition of the sub-continent into the two nations, about 17 million people fled
their homes and journeyed to either Pakistan or India. In one of the largest exchanges of
populations in history, violence soon broke out with Muslims on one side and Sikhs and Hindus
on the other. The resulting bloodshed in the Punjab and West Bengal regions left more than one
million people dead in its wake.
In the midst of this refugee movement and open violence, the governments of India and Pakistan
hastily tried to divide the assets of British India between the two new countries. From weapons
and money, down to paper clips and archaeological treasures, all had to be divided.
The British had left behind, besides about half of the subcontinent that it directly governed, some
562 independent or "princely" states. The provision was that each state could remain
independent, join Pakistan or accede to India. A violent competition soon resulted as the two
new nations sought to win to their own nations the largest and most strategically located states,
such as Hyderabad and Kashmir. Because Kashmir was more than 70% Muslim, Pakistan
insisted that a vote be taken in the state. However, India argued, since the Maharaja of Kashmir
was Hindu, he had right to take the state into India. Even as independence was being celebrated,
India and Pakistan began a covert war in Kashmir and the struggle for that state still goes on
today.
In 1947, 1965 and 1971 India and Pakistan fought wars that did not change the status of
Kashmir, but did result in the 1971 further partition of West and East Pakistan into the two
nations of Pakistan and Bangladesh.
Not only did the architects of Indian foreign policy fear Pakistan, but in 1962, after China's
sudden invasion of northeast India, they suddenly realized the ancient protection of the
Himalayan Mountains had vanished. India now would have to build sufficient military power to
protect itself from both Pakistan and China, the largest country in the world and a major military
power armed with nuclear weapons.
Soon after the China war of 1962, Indian scientists began developing its nuclear capability.
Under Indira Gandhi's Prime Ministership in 1974, India successfully exploded a nuclear device,
announcing to the world its scientific capacity to develop nuclear bombs.
Because of the strong world opinion against nuclear testing, India did not undertake additional

2. nuclear testing until May, 1998. However, this fourteen-year moratorium on nuclear testing did
not mean Indian scientists and political leaders were not planning to join the nuclear club.
Shortly after 3:45 PM on May 11, 1998 at Pokhran, a desert site in the Indian state of Rajisthan,
groups of local Bishnoi heard a huge explosion, and watched in amazement as an enormous dust
cloud floated in the sky. Diplomats in Washington and around the world soon grasped, was the
fact that India had just joined the United States, Russia, England, France and China as the newest
member of the nuclear club. On that warm May afternoon, Indian nuclear scientists successfully
exploded three atomic devices amounting to about six times the destructive power of the
American bomb dropped on Hiroshima in 1945. The next day, as the world tried to absorb the
frightening news, India ignited two more nuclear explosions.
Even as ninety percent of Indians applauded then-Prime Minister Vajpayee's decision to go
nuclear, then-U.S. President Clinton immediately reacted to the explosions with shock and
criticized India's nuclear testing.
The American President argued that India’s actions violated the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
endorsed by 149 nations and the 1970 non-proliferation treaty signed by 185 nations. Despite the
fact that neither India nor Pakistan has signed the treaties, the President, citing the 1994 Nuclear
Proliferation Prevention Act, immediately called for economic sanctions against India including
cutting off $40 million in economic and military aid, and all American bank loans. The President
also asked the International Monetary Fund and World Bank to cancel all new loans which could
cost India around $14.5 billion worth of public projects, including a major modernization of
India's often failing electrical system. Moreover, Japan and other industrial nations soon
followed the U.S. example and froze on-going projects in India worth over a billion dollars in
aid.
Pakistan Responds
As the five nuclear powers, all permanent members of the United Nations Security Council,
discussed ways to punish India as well as ways to prevent Pakistan from testing its own nuclear
devices, the leaders of Pakistan were busily moving forward with their own nuclear plans.
On May 28th, Nawaz Sharif, Pakistan's prime minister at that time, announced that following
India's lead, Pakistan had successfully exploded five "nuclear devices." Not content to equal
India's five tests, Pakistan proceeded on May 30th to explode yet a sixth device and at the same
time the Prime Minister announced that his government would soon be able to launch nuclear
war heads on missiles.
Both President Clinton and a majority of the world community condemned Pakistan's nuclear
testing, although China was much less harsh in its criticism of Pakistan, its close ally. Following
the sanctions policy after India's tests, the United States, Japan, Britain, Canada and Germany
ended their aid to Pakistan and asked the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank to
place a moratorium on loans to Pakistan. However, despite President Clinton's wish to impose a
world-wide system of economic sanctions on India and Pakistan, a vast majority of western
nations have refused to join the effort.

3. India in the 1990s: the Moratorium Ends
Although Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi reversed his mother's policy of nuclear development,
when a new prime minister Narasimha Rao assumed power in 1991, India resumed its plans for
nuclear development and in December, 1995, Rao was ready to authorize a nuclear test--only to
be discovered by CIA spy satellite and discouraged by President Clinton from going forward
with the tests. With the election of the Hindu Nationalist, Bharata Janata Party in 1998, Prime
Minister Atal Vajpayee ordered Indian scientists to proceed with plans for testing as soon as
possible. This lead to the series of detonations in May, and the subsequent quick response by
Pakistan.
Attempts to restart dialogue between the two nations were given a major boost by the February
1999 meeting of both Prime Ministers in Lahore and their signing of three agreements.
Kargil War
During the winter months of 1998-99, the Indian army vacated its posts at very high peaks in
Kargil sector in Kashmir as it used to do every year. Pakistani Army intruded across the line of
control and occupied the posts. Indian army discovered this in May 1999 when the snow thawed.
This resulted in intense fighting between Indian and Pakistani forces, known as the Kargil
conflict. Backed by the Indian Air Force, the Indian Army regained some of the posts that
Pakistan has occupied. Pakistan later withdrew from the remaining portion under international
pressure.
A subsequent military coup in Pakistan that overturned the democratically elected Nawaz Sharif
government in October of the same year also proved a setback to relations.
In 2001, a summit was called in Agra; Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf turned up to meet
Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee. The talks fell through.
On 20 June 2004, with a new government in place in India, both countries agreed to extend a
nuclear testing ban and to set up a hotline between their foreign secretaries aimed at preventing
misunderstandings that might lead to a nuclear war.
Baglihar Dam issue was a new issue raised by Pakistan in 2005.
After Dr. Manmohan Singh become prime minister of India in May 2004, the Punjab provincial
Government declared it would develop Gah, his place of birth, as a model village in his honour
and name a school after him. There is also a village in India named Pakistan, despite occasional
pressure over the years to change its name the villagers have resisted. Violent activities in the
region declined in 2004. There are two main reasons for this: warming of relations between New
Delhi and Islamabad which consequently lead to a ceasefire between the two countries in 2003
and the fencing of the LOC being carried out by the Indian Army. Moreover, coming under
intense international pressure, Islamabad was compelled to take actions against the militants'

4. training camps on its territory. In 2004, the two countries also agreed upon decreasing the
number of troops present in the region.
Under pressure, Kashmiri militant organisations made an offer for talks and negotiations with
New Delhi, which India welcomed.
India's Border Security Force blamed the Pakistani military for providing cover-fire for the
terrorists whenever they infiltrated into Indian territory from Pakistan. Pakistan in turn has also
blamed India for providing support to terrorist organisations operating in Pakistan such as the
BLA.
In 2005, Pakistan's information minister, Sheikh Rashid, was alleged to have run a terrorist
training camp in 1990 in N.W. Frontier, Pakistan. The Pakistani government dismissed the
charges against its minister as an attempt to hamper the ongoing peace process between the two
neighbours.
Both India and Pakistan have launched several mutual confidence-building measures (CBMs) to
ease tensions between the two. These include more high-level talks, easing visa restrictions, and
restarting of cricket matches between the two. The new bus service between Srinagar and
Muzaffarabad has also helped bring the two sides closer. Pakistan and India have also decided to
co-operate on economic fronts.
Some improvements in the relations are seen with the re-opening of a series of transportation
networks near the India–Pakistan border, with the most important being bus routes and railway
lines.
A major clash between Indian security forces and militants occurred when a group of insurgents
tried to infiltrate into Kashmir from Pakistan in July 2005. The same month also saw a Kashmiri
militant attack on Ayodhya and Srinagar. However, these developments had little impact on the
peace process.
An Indian man held in Pakistani prisons since 1975 as an accused spy walked across the border
to freedom 3 March 2008, an unconditional release that Pakistan said was done to improve
relations between the two countries.
In 2006, a "Friends Without Borders" scheme began with the help of two British tourists. The
idea was that Indian and Pakistani children would make pen pals and write friendly letters to
each other. The idea was so successful in both countries that the organisation found it
"impossible to keep up". The World's Largest Love Letter was recently sent from India to
Pakistan.
In December 2010, several Pakistani newspapers published stories about India's leadership and
relationship with militants in Pakistan that the papers claimed were found in the United States
diplomatic cables leak. A British newspaper, The Guardian, which had the Wikileaks cables in
its possession reviewed the cables and concluded that the Pakistani claims were "not accurate"
and that "WikiLeaks [was] being exploited for propaganda purposes."

5. On 10 February 2011, India agreed to resume talks with Pakistan which were suspended after
26/11 Mumbai Attacks. India had put on hold all the diplomatic relations saying it will only
continue if Pakistan will act against the accused of Mumbai attacks.
On 13 April 2012 following a thaw in relations whereby India gained MFN status in the country,
India announced the removal of restrictions on FDI investment from Pakistan to India.
The Foreign Minister of Pakistan on 11 July 2012, stated in Pnom Penh that her country is
willing to resolve some of the disputes like, Sir Creek and Siachan on the basis of agreements
reached in past. On 7 September 2012, Indian External Affairs Minister would pay 3-day visit to
Pakistan to review the progress of bilateral dialogue with his Pakistani counterpart.
In 2014 Pak PM Nawaz Sherrif attended PM Modis oath taking ceremony as part of India’s
invitation to all SAARC members.
Subsquently FM/Foreign Secretary meeting was cancelled as Pak Ambassador met Huriat
Leaders before meeting.
Foreign Policy Relations
The United States has treaties which provide nuclear umbrella to Japan and NATO nations. At
present, the United States has cordial relations with China. American policy is worked out in
tension between those who insist on expanded human rights in China, and those who favor
opening markets and investments in China and downplaying human rights issues. The United
States was closely allied with Pakistan until end of Cold War. Pakistan provided bases for U-2
flights and conduit for arms to Afghanistan rebels. The United States provided most of Pakistani
military aid from 1954 to the 1980s. China is now the major military supplier to Pakistan. The
United States has maintained cool relations with India because of its refusal to join the west
during the Cold War, its pursuit of a non-alignment foreign policy and for its tight controls on
American investment and business enterprise in India.
China is the premier military power in Asia and considers Pakistan its oldest and most powerful
Asian ally. China continues to occupy areas inside of India's borders as a result of the Indo-China
war of 1962. China has nuclear-armed missiles positioned against India along the Himalayan
border and in Tibet, in addition to being Pakistan’s main military weapons provider.
Russia has had close relations with India since Indira Gandhi became prime minister in 1966.
Russia provides most of India's military sales. After the demise of the Soviet Empire, Russia is
unable to provide economic or military aid to India.
India has pursued a policy of non-alignment with Soviet Union and United States since its
independence. India's planned economy was not open to U.S. investment until change of policy
toward free market in 1991. India would not accept American military aid or join alliances, thus
alienating U.S. leaders and majority of Americans. Under President Kennedy, the United States
supported India in its war with China. Under Nixon, the United States supported Pakistan in
1971 in the war that led to creation of Bangladesh (the former East Pakistan). America sent a

6. nuclear-armed aircraft carrier to Bay of Bengal, which helped motivate India to go nuclear. Now
that Russia is weak, India feels isolated and alone in world community. India has felt that the
United States has also been hostile to India and that we now are promoting China as the major
power in all of Asia. Pakistani testing of Gauri missile on April 6th, 1998 was a major factor in
India's decision to undertake nuclear testing. India will suffer from the end of economic aid, but
its leaders have calculated that that the nation can survive the sanctions.
Pakistan relied on its close alliance with the United States from 1954 through the 1980s. During
the 1990s, leaders looked more to China for support and military technology and hardware;
China is currently a major supplier of these components to Pakistan. The Pakistani foreign
minister traveled to China for consultations ten days before Pakistan conducted nuclear tests.
Pakistan will suffer far more than India as a result of economic sanctions by world community.
Loss of aid will result in undermining of currency, great increase in debt and increase in poverty.
In the hunt for Osama bin Laden in Afghanistan and Pakistan in early 2002, U.S. relations with
Pakistan and its leader, President General Pervez Musharraf, improved, which further aggravated
India-Pakistan relations. While economic sanctions were lifted, Pakistani militants staged several
attacks and bombings; in one occassion, targeted Indian and Kashmiri legislatures. The United
States feared possible nuclear retaliation and advised Americans to evacuate both South Asian
countries.
Today, U.S. relations with India and Pakistan are strong. In March 2006, when U.S. President
George W. Bush visited South Asia, he remarked that we "are now united by opportunities that
can lift our people." In India, he commented that "The United States and India, separated by half
the globe, are closer than ever before, and the partnership between our free nations has the power
to transform the world."
Positions of World Leaders on India and Pakistan Nuclear Testing
Below are quotes from some of the major political figures and leaders in 1998, garnered from a
variety of sources, from several countries that are most involved with the issue of India and
Pakistan's recent nuclear tests.
Indian Prime Minister Atal Vajpayee
The [non proliferation] treaties are discriminatory and hypocritical. Our hope is that those
nations that want to continue their nuclear monopoly will accept that the same rules should apply
to all. (Boston Globe, May 29, 1998)
Indian Defense MinisterGeorge Fernandes
China is India's number-one threat. It is encircling India with missile and naval deployments of
suspicious intent. (TIME Magazine, May 25, 1998)
Chinese official statements
Having signed the nuclear Test Ban treaty in 1995, we have been consistently opposed to nuclear
tests. We knew there was a great possibility that Pakistan would follow [India's testing] because
of the internal pressure its leaders face. But this is a rather difficult situation for China. We have
a friendship with Pakistan, but we still have a strong stance against nuclear proliferation. (TIME,

7. ibid.)
The United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan
This [India's and Pakistan's nuclear tests] is a step backward. The world needs fewer nuclear
powers, not more of them. But the problem goes beyond India--I'm calling on India and Pakistan
to sign the nuclear test-ban treaty before this problem spins out of control. (TIME, ibid.)
Russian President Boris Yeltsin
India is frankly a close friend of ours, and we enjoy very good relations. Their testing of a
nuclear weapon was a great surprise. And when my visit to India takes place this year, I will do
my utmost to somehow settle this problem. (TIME, ibid.)
U.S. President Clinton
To try to manifest your greatness by detonating atomic bombs when everybody else is trying to
leave the nuclear age behind is just wrong. India and Pakistan must give up their arms race--a
self-defeating cycle of escalation. (New York Times, May 13, 1998)
Former head of the International Energy Agency Hans Blix
India is a great civilization, but that is not enough. They do not feel that they were treated as
though they were in the same league [as the permanent five nations on the U.N. Security
Council]. One could ask if the outside world could have satisfied India’s wish to be considered a
great power in a different manner. Are nuclear bombs the only way to assert greatness? (May
1998)
Facts: Nations with Nuclear Weapons
The following nations possess nuclear weapons, have carried out tests and have missiles to
deliver nuclear warheads.
 United States (pop. about 268 million), 1,030 tests since 1944. Now has 12,070 nuclear
warheads. Missiles with range of 8,100 miles can reach anywhere in the world.
 Britain (pop. about 59.1 million), 45 tests since 1952. Has 380 warheads. Missiles have
range of 7,500 miles.
 France (pop. about 58.8 million), 21 tests since 1961, most recent tests 1995, 1996. Now
has 500 warheads. Missile range 3,300 miles.
 Russia (pop. about 146.9 million), 715 tests since 1945. Has 22,500 warheads. Missile
range 6,800 miles.
 China (pop. about 1 billion, 300 million), 45 tests since 1964. Has 450 warheads. Missile
range 6,800 miles. Has nuclear armed missiles directed at Indian cities in Tibet and
Himalayan border.
 Israel (pop about 6 million), no tests, but has more than a hundred warheads. Missile
range 930 miles.
 India (pop. about 988.7 million), six tests since 1974. Has about 65 warheads. Missiles
named Prithvi has range of 1,550 miles. Presently developing Agni missile similar to
Pakistan Gauri missile.

8.  Pakistan, (pop about 141.9 million), began nuclear program in 1972. Now has about 15-
25 warheads. Missile range 930 miles. Has received technology and missiles from China.
More Facts and Stats
 Percentage of national spending on defense: Pakistan 25%, India 14%
 Size of armed forces: Pakistan 600,000; India 1.2 million, China over 2 million.
Size of Indian and Pakistani nuclear tests:
 India, May 11th - 25-30 kilotons of TNT. Magnitude of 5.3 on seismometer
 Pakistan, May 28 - 8-15 kilotons of TNT, Magnitude of 4.8 on seismometer
Afghanistan
After the Taliban defeated the Northern Alliance in much of Afghanistan in 1996
in civil war, the Taliban regime was strongly supported by Pakistan – one of the
three countries to do so – before the 11 September attacks. India firmly opposed
the Taliban and criticised Pakistan for supporting it. India established its links
with Northern Alliance as India officially recognised their government, with the
United Nations. India's relations with Afghanistan, Pakistan's neighbour, and its
increasing presence there has irked Pakistan.
The 2008 Indian embassy bombing in Kabul was a suicide bomb terror attack on the Indian
embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan on 7 July 2008 at 8:30 AM local time. US intelligence officials
suggested that Pakistan's ISI intelligence agency had planned the attack. Pakistan tried to deny
any responsibility, but United States President George W. Bush confronted Pakistani Prime
Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani with evidence and warned him that in the case of another such
attack he would have to take "serious action".
Pakistan has been accused by India, Afghanistan, the United States, the United Kingdom, of
involvement in terrorism in Kashmir and Afghanistan. In July 2009 President of Pakistan Asif
Ali Zardari admitted that the Pakistani government had "created and nurtured" terrorist groups to
achieve its short-term foreign policy goals. According to an analysis published by Saban Centre
for Middle East Policy at Brookings Institution in 2008 Pakistan was the world's "most active"
state sponsor of terrorism including aiding groups and Pakistan has long aided a range of terrorist
groups fighting against India in Kashmir and is a major sponsor of Taliban forces fighting the
U.S.-backed government in Afghanistan.
Insurgency in Kashmir

9. According to some reports published by the Council of Foreign Relations, the Pakistan military
and the ISI have provided covert support to terrorist groups active in Kashmir, including the al-
Qaeda affiliate Jaish-e-Mohammed. Pakistan has denied any involvement in terrorist activities in
Kashmir, arguing that it only provides political and moral support to the secessionist groups who
wish to escape Indian rule. Many Kashmiri militant groups also maintain their headquarters in
Pakistan-administered Kashmir, which is cited as further proof by the Indian government.
Author Gordon Thomas stated that Pakistan "still sponsored terrorist groups in the state of
Kashmir, funding, training and arming them in their war on attrition against India." Journalist
Stephen Suleyman Schwartz notes that several militant and criminal groups are "backed by
senior officers in the Pakistani army, the country's ISI intelligence establishment and other armed
bodies of the state."
Listof some insurgentattacks
Insurgents attack on Jammu and Kashmir State Assembly: A car bomb exploded near the Jammu
and Kashmir State Assembly on 1 October 2001, killing 27 people on an attack that was blamed
on Kashmiri separatists. It was one of the most prominent attacks against India apart from on the
Indian Parliament in December 2001. The dead bodies of the terrorists and the data recovered
from them revealed that Pakistan was solely responsible for the activity.
 1997 Sangramporamassacre:On 21 March 1997, 7 Kashmiri Panditswere killedinSangrampora
village inthe Budgamdistrict.
 WandhamaMassacre: In January1998, 24 Kashmiri Pandits livinginthe city Wandhamawere
killedbynonsense Islamicterrorists.
 QasimNagar Attack:On 13 July2003, armedmenbelievedtobe a part of the Lashkar-e-Toiba
threwhandgrenadesat the QasimNagar marketin Srinagar andthenfiredonciviliansstanding
nearbykillingtwenty-sevenandinjuringmanymore.[2]
 Assassinationof AbdulGhani Lone:Abdul Ghani Lone,aprominentAll PartyHurriyatConference
leader,wasassassinatedbyanunidentifiedgunmenduringamemorial rallyin Srinagar.The
assassinationresultedinwide-scaledemonstrationsagainstthe Indianoccupied-forcesfor
failingtoprovide enoughsecuritycoverforMr. Lone.
 20 July2005 SrinagarBombing:A car bombexplodednearanarmoured IndianArmy vehiclein
the famousChurch Lane area in Srinagar killingfourIndianArmy personnel,one civilianandthe
suicide bomber.Terroristgroup Hizbul Mujahideen,claimedresponsibilityforthe attack.
 BudshahChowkattack: A terroristattack on 29 July2005 at Srinigar'scitycentre,Budshah
Chowk,killedtwoandleftmore than17 people injured.Mostof those injuredwere media
journalists.
 Murder of GhulamNabi Lone: On18 October2005 suspectedmankilledJammuandKashmir's
theneducationministerGhulamNabi Lone.NoTerroristgroupclaimedresponsibilityforthe
attack.
Insurgent activities elsewhere
The attack on the Indian Parliament was by far the most dramatic attack carried out allegedly by
Pakistani terrorists. India blamed Pakistan for carrying out the attacks, an allegation which
Pakistan strongly denied and one that brought both nations to the brink of a nuclear confrontation

10. in 2001–02. However, international peace efforts ensured the cooling of tensions between the
two nuclear-capable nations.
Apart from this, the most notable was the hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight IC 814 en route
New Delhi from Kathmandu, Nepal. The plane was hijacked on 24 December 1999
approximately one hour after take off and was taken to Amritsar airport and then to Lahore in
Pakistan. After refueling the plane took off for Dubai and then finally landed in Kandahar,
Afghanistan. Under intense media pressure, New Delhi complied with the hijackers' demand and
freed Maulana Masood Azhar from its captivity in return for the freedom of the Indian
passengers on the flight. The decision, however, cost New Delhi dearly. Maulana, who is
believed to be hiding in Karachi, later became the leader of Jaish-e-Mohammed, an organisation
which has carried out several terrorist acts against Indian security forces in Kashmir.
On 22 December 2000, a group of terrorists belonging to the Lashkar-e-Toiba stormed the
famous Red Fort in New Delhi. The Fort houses an Indian military unit and a high-security
interrogation cell used both by the Central Bureau of Investigation and the Indian Army. The
terrorists successfully breached the security cover around the Red Fort and opened fire at the
Indian military personnel on duty killing two of them on spot. The attack was significant because
it was carried out just two days after the declaration of the cease-fire between India and
Pakistan.[8]
In 2002, India claimed again that terrorists from Jammu and Kashmir were infiltrating into India,
a claim denied by Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf, who claimed that such infiltration had
stopped—India's spokesperson for the External Affairs Ministry did away with Pakistan's claim,
calling it "terminological inexactitude." Only two months later, two Kashmiri terrorists
belonging to Jaish-e-Mohammed raided the Swami Narayan temple complex in Ahmedabad,
Gujarat killing 30 people, including 18 women and five children. The attack was carried out on
25 September 2002, just few days after state elections were held in Jammu and Kashmir. Two
identical letters found on both the terrorists claimed that the attack was done in retaliation for the
deaths of thousands of Muslims during the Gujarat riots.
Two car bombs exploded in south Mumbai on 25 August 2003; one near the Gateway of India
and the other at the famous Zaveri Bazaar, killing at least 48 and injuring 150 people. Though no
terrorist group claimed responsibility for the attacks, Mumbai Police and RAW suspected
Lashkar-e-Toiba's hand in the twin blasts.
In an unsuccessful attempt, six terrorists belonging to Lashkar-e-Toiba, stormed the Ayodhya
Ram Janmbhomi complex on 5 July 2005. Before the terrorists could reach the main disputed
site, they were shot down by Indian security forces. One Hindu worshipper and two policemen
were injured during the incident.
The Indian intelligence agency RAW is claimed to be working in cover to malign Pakistan and
train & support insurgents for Balochistan conflict.

11. 2007 Samjhauta Express bombings
2007 Samjhauta Express bombings was a terrorist attack targeted on the Samjhauta Express
train on 18 February. The Samjhauta Express is an international train that runs from New Delhi,
India to Lahore, Pakistan, and is one of two trains to cross the India-Pakistan border. At least 68
people were killed, mostly Pakistani civilians but also some Indian security personnel and
civilians.[36]
2008 Mumbaiattacks
The 2008 Mumbai attacks by ten Pakistani terrorists killed over 173 and wounded 308. The sole
surviving gunman Ajmal Kasab who was arrested during the attacks was found to be a Pakistani
national. This fact was acknowledged by Pakistani authorities. In May 2010, an Indian court
convicted him on four counts of murder, waging war against India, conspiracy and terrorism
offences, and sentenced him to death.
India blamed the Lashkar-e-Taiba, a Pakistan-based militant group, for planning and executing
the attacks. Islamabad resisted the claims and demanded evidence. India provided evidence in
the form of interrogations, weapons, candy wrappers, Pakistani Brand Milk Packets, and
telephone sets. Indian officials demanded Pakistan extradite suspects for trial. They also said
that, given the sophistication of the attacks, the perpetrators "must have had the support of some
official agencies in Pakistan".