This document provides an overview of the Kargil War that took place between India and Pakistan in 1999. It discusses the political background leading up to the war, how it started with Pakistani soldiers and militants infiltrating Indian territory, and the main events including military engagements and Pakistan's eventual withdrawal. The consequences discussed are the fall of Pakistan's government, rising tensions between political and military parties in Pakistan, and international isolation of the country. Resources for further information are also listed.

2. TABLE OF CONTENT
• POLITICAL BACKGROUND
• PURPOSES OF THE WAR
• HOW IT STARTED
• MAIN EVENTS OF THE WAR
• CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR
• CONCLUSION
• RESOURCES

3. POLITICAL BACKGROUND
• NAWAZ SHARIF: PRIME MINISTER
• GEN. PERVAIZ MUSHARRAF: CHIEF OF THE ARMY STAFF
• BOTH COUNTRIES HAD CONDUCTED NUCLEAR TESTS IN 1998
• BOTH COUNTRIES SIGNED THE LAHORE DECLARATION IN FEBRUARY 1999

5. PURPOSES OF WAR
• OCCUPY THE DOMINATING HEIGHT OVER
LOOKING S-K-L HIGHWAY, WHICH WAS BY
INDIAN ARMY IN WINTER.
• AFTER ESTABLISH THE FIRM BASE CUT OFF
COMMUNICATION OF LADDAH.
• PAKISTAN’S OBJECTIVE WAS TO DRIVE
INDIANS OUT OF SIACHIN AND HIGHLIGHT
KASHMIR ISSUE IN THE EYES OF THE WORLD.

6. HOW IT STARTED?
• IT WAS A COMMON PRACTICE OF THE INDIANS AND PAKISTAN ARMY TO VACATE HIGH ALTITUDE
FORWARD POSTS IN WINTER.
• IN THE WINTER OF EARLY 1999, PAKISTAN ARMY ALONG WITH THE MUJAHEDEEN REOCCUPIED THE
FORWARD POSITIONS AND STRATEGIC PEAKS OF KARGIL, DRASS AND BATALIK.
• THE CAUSE OF THE CONFLICT WAS THE INFILTRATION OF PAKISTANI SOLDIERS AND KASHMIRI
MILITANTS INTO POSITIONS ON THE INDIAN SIDE OF THE LOC .
• THIS CAME AS A SHOCK TO THE INDIAN ARMY WHEN THEY REALIZED THE GRAVITY OF THE
SITUATION. "OPERATION AL-BADAR" WAS THE NAME GIVEN TO PAKISTAN'S INFILTRATION.

7. • IN THE SPRING OF 1999, ON THE ORDERS OF PAKISTAN ARMY CHIEF, GENERAL PERVEZ
MUSHARRAF, PAKISTANI SOLDIERS CLIMBED UP THE SNOW-BOUND PASSES AND OCCUPIED
SOME HIGH POSITIONS.
• PAKISTANI TROOPS DID NOT CROSS THE INTERNATIONAL BORDERS AT ANY STAGE OF THE
CONFLICT.
• INCLUDING TIGER HILL AND POINT 5353, IN THE VACANT AREA AND INFILTRATED ALMOST 10 KM
INTO THE INDIAN TERRITORY ( STILL SHORT OF INTERNATIONAL BORDER). THESE POSITIONS
OVERLOOKED INDIAN NATIONAL HIGHWAY (NH 1 D).
• FROM THE SIACHIN GLACIER. PAKISTAN WAS IN A STRONG POSITION TO CUT OFF SUPPLIES AND
WINTER DUMPING AND THUS FORCE INDIANS TO WITHDRAW
MAIN EVENTS

8. MAIN EVENTS
• INDIANS ULTIMATELY COMPLAINED TO THE
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AND FINALLY ON
PRESSURE BY THE USA, PAKISTANI PRIME
MINISTER, NAWAZ SHARIF, ORDERED THE
WITHDRAWAL OF TROOPS.
• MOST OF THE CASUALTIES OF “OPERATION
KOH-E-PAIMA” WERE INFLICTED DURING THE
WITHDRAWAL. IN GENERAL MUSHARRAF’S
WORDS “A MILITARY VICTORY WAS CONVERTED
INTO A POLITICAL DEFEAT.”

9. MAIN EVENTS• THE INDIANS WERE CAUGHT OFF GUARD. THEY TRIED TO
EVICT THE POSITIONS BUT FAILED MISERABLY.
• THEY USED A LARGE NUMBER OF ARTILLERY GUNS AND
ALSO USED THEIR AIR FORCE AGAINST PAKISTANI
POSITIONS. TWO INDIAN AIRCRAFT WERE ALSO SHOT
DOWN BY STINGER MISSILES.
• INDIAN AIRCRAFT VIOLATED PAKISTANI AIR SPACE BUT
THEY NEVER ADMITTED IT OPENLY. ONE OF THEIR PILOTS,
FLIGHT LIEUTENANT NACHIKETA, WHO EJECTED AFTER
HIS AIRCRAFT WAS SHOT DOWN, WAS CAPTURED FROM
THE PAKISTANI TERRITORY.

10. MAIN EVENTS
• AN INDIAN OFFICER TOLD IN AN INTERVIEW THAT
NORMALLY THE RATIO BETWEEN THE ATTACKING FORCE
AND THE DEFENDING FORCE IS 3:1 BUT DUE TO THE
HIGH ALTITUDE OF THE BATTLEGROUND INDIAN ARMY
CHIEF INCREASED IT TO 15:1 BUT YET THEY WERE
UNABLE TO CAPTURE THE POSITIONS OCCUPIED BY
PAKISTANI TROOPS

11. MAIN EVENTS
• POINT 5353 IS THE HIGHEST POINT IN DRASS-
KARGIL AREA.
• ITS RECAPTURE WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT
OBJECTIVE FOR INDIAN FORCES DURING THE
KARGIL CONFLICT.
• BUT THEY COULD NEVER COME CLOSE TO IT.

12. MAIN EVENTS
• POINT 5353 IS STILL OCCUPIED BY PAKISTAN, EVEN
14 YEARS AFTER THE BATTLE.
• PAKISTAN HAS SINCE FORTIFIED IT WITH
REINFORCED BUNKERS.
• AFTER THE END OF THE WAR, INDIANS TRIED MANY
TIMES TO CAPTURE POINT 5353 BUT ALL THEIR
EFFORTS FAILED.
• INDIA HAS NOW GIVEN UP THE POST AS ‘UNTENABLE’

13. CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR
• FALL OF GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN
• PERVAZ MUSHARAF CAME IN GOVERNMENT
• PAKISTAN ECONOMY WEAKENED BY WAR
• JEHADI WERE NOT HAPPY WITH PAKISTAN
• RISING TENSION BETWEEN POLITICAL PARTIES AND ARMY OFPAKISTAN
• HIGH CASUALTY
• THE THREAT OF INTERNATIONAL ISOLATION AGAINST PAKISTAN

14. CONCLUSION
•PAKISTAN FAILED TO GET
SUPPORT OF INTERNATIONAL
COMMUNITY DURING KARGIL
WAR AND HAD TO
WITHDRAW.

15. RESOURCES
• PAKISTAN HISTORY – NIGEL KELLY
• HTTP://DEFENCE.PK/THREADS/PAKISTAN-ARMY-VICTORY-IN-KARGIL-WAR-1999.394993/
• HTTP://WWW.GLOBALSECURITY.ORG/MILITARY/WORLD/WAR/KARGIL-99.HTM
• WIKIPEDIA.ORG
• HTTPS://WWW.GOOGLE.COM.PK/SEARCH?Q=THANK+YOU&SOURCE=LNMS&TBM=ISCH&SA=X&VED=0
AHUKEWITZKYKY97JAHWEFT4KHEDXAO8Q_AUIBYGB&BIW=1366&BIH=667#IMGRC=ICM_4SLRO