An illustration of student-teacher collaborative discussion model in the subject of Media & Current Affairs during the Fall session 2020, Students engaged in the discussion on Pakistan's Relation with Neighbor States
After 9/11, Pakistan faced pressure from the US to support the war on terror and cut ties with the Taliban. Pakistan decided to support the interim Afghan government under Hamid Karzai. However, border tensions and clashes continued between Pakistan and Afghanistan throughout the 2000s and 2010s over militant activity and border security. Both countries attempted diplomatic negotiations and confidence-building measures to improve their strained relationship.
Hina Rabbani Khar was born on 19 November 1977 in the landowner family of Kot Addu. Her father is feudal lord of kot Addu, Ghulam Noor Rabbani Khar and she is the niece of Ghulam Mustafa Khar. She is married to Feroze Gulzar and has two daughters, Annaya and Dina.
She graduated in Economics from LUMS in 1999 and completed her M Sc (Hon) in Business Management from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst in 20
After the 9/11 attacks, the US demanded Pakistan's support in its war on terror. Pakistan initially cooperated by arresting al Qaeda members. From 2001-2017, Pakistan-US relations were strained and cooperative at times. The US provided aid but also conducted drone strikes without permission. Relations significantly declined after Osama bin Laden was found and killed in Pakistan in 2011. The US accused Pakistan of supporting terrorists, while Pakistan felt betrayed by the US.
Foreign policy of pakistan under musharraf regimeusman ali
General Pervez Musharraf pursued an active foreign policy both before and after 9/11. Prior to 9/11, he focused on improving relations with India and Afghanistan. After 9/11, Pakistan strongly aligned with the US in the war on terror in exchange for economic and military aid. Musharraf also tried to improve ties with India, though tensions remained over Kashmir. Pakistan maintained close relations with China but also strengthened cooperation with the US.
The document summarizes the history and key developments in US-Pakistan relations from 2013 to 2015. It describes how the relationship began in 1949 and strengthened after 2001 due to counterterrorism cooperation. In 2013 and 2014, bilateral trade increased 10% and high-level visits reinforced strategic dialogue on issues like energy, defense, and education. By 2015, the US had committed $5 billion in civilian assistance to Pakistan and worked to increase power supply, revenue collection, and regional trade links through road construction.
The document summarizes the impact of 9/11 and the subsequent War on Terror on Pakistan. It discusses how Pakistan agreed to support the US by providing military/intelligence assistance. This caused devastating effects in Pakistan like a rise in terrorism, loss of lives, damage to the economy and tourism. It also discusses Indian interference in Pakistan through sponsorship of terrorist groups and the Balochistan insurgency. The document concludes by outlining counterterrorism operations conducted by the Pakistani military to combat terrorist groups.
The document summarizes the evolving relationship between Pakistan and the United States over several decades. It notes that initially Pakistan sought an alliance with the US due to strategic interests and anti-communist stance. However, the US often pursued its own interests through carrot and stick diplomacy. Tensions emerged over Pakistan's nuclear program and the US cut off aid at various points. After 9/11, cooperation increased significantly as Pakistan supported the US war on terror, but tensions remained over issues like drone strikes and challenging Pakistan's sovereignty.
India's Surgical Strikes on Pakistan - Perception AnalysisRohit Joshi
Perception Analysis on the surgical strikes carried out by India on Pakistan after Uri Attacks in 2016. This presentation covers different opinions on India's military offensive and PR strategies adopted by the government to mold public opinion during those times. Presentation prepared by Group 2 of AD-PR, IIMC Delhi, 2016-17.
After 9/11, Pakistan faced pressure from the US to support the war on terror and cut ties with the Taliban. Pakistan decided to support the interim Afghan government under Hamid Karzai. However, border tensions and clashes continued between Pakistan and Afghanistan throughout the 2000s and 2010s over militant activity and border security. Both countries attempted diplomatic negotiations and confidence-building measures to improve their strained relationship.
Hina Rabbani Khar was born on 19 November 1977 in the landowner family of Kot Addu. Her father is feudal lord of kot Addu, Ghulam Noor Rabbani Khar and she is the niece of Ghulam Mustafa Khar. She is married to Feroze Gulzar and has two daughters, Annaya and Dina.
She graduated in Economics from LUMS in 1999 and completed her M Sc (Hon) in Business Management from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst in 20
After the 9/11 attacks, the US demanded Pakistan's support in its war on terror. Pakistan initially cooperated by arresting al Qaeda members. From 2001-2017, Pakistan-US relations were strained and cooperative at times. The US provided aid but also conducted drone strikes without permission. Relations significantly declined after Osama bin Laden was found and killed in Pakistan in 2011. The US accused Pakistan of supporting terrorists, while Pakistan felt betrayed by the US.
Foreign policy of pakistan under musharraf regimeusman ali
General Pervez Musharraf pursued an active foreign policy both before and after 9/11. Prior to 9/11, he focused on improving relations with India and Afghanistan. After 9/11, Pakistan strongly aligned with the US in the war on terror in exchange for economic and military aid. Musharraf also tried to improve ties with India, though tensions remained over Kashmir. Pakistan maintained close relations with China but also strengthened cooperation with the US.
The document summarizes the history and key developments in US-Pakistan relations from 2013 to 2015. It describes how the relationship began in 1949 and strengthened after 2001 due to counterterrorism cooperation. In 2013 and 2014, bilateral trade increased 10% and high-level visits reinforced strategic dialogue on issues like energy, defense, and education. By 2015, the US had committed $5 billion in civilian assistance to Pakistan and worked to increase power supply, revenue collection, and regional trade links through road construction.
The document summarizes the impact of 9/11 and the subsequent War on Terror on Pakistan. It discusses how Pakistan agreed to support the US by providing military/intelligence assistance. This caused devastating effects in Pakistan like a rise in terrorism, loss of lives, damage to the economy and tourism. It also discusses Indian interference in Pakistan through sponsorship of terrorist groups and the Balochistan insurgency. The document concludes by outlining counterterrorism operations conducted by the Pakistani military to combat terrorist groups.
The document summarizes the evolving relationship between Pakistan and the United States over several decades. It notes that initially Pakistan sought an alliance with the US due to strategic interests and anti-communist stance. However, the US often pursued its own interests through carrot and stick diplomacy. Tensions emerged over Pakistan's nuclear program and the US cut off aid at various points. After 9/11, cooperation increased significantly as Pakistan supported the US war on terror, but tensions remained over issues like drone strikes and challenging Pakistan's sovereignty.
India's Surgical Strikes on Pakistan - Perception AnalysisRohit Joshi
Perception Analysis on the surgical strikes carried out by India on Pakistan after Uri Attacks in 2016. This presentation covers different opinions on India's military offensive and PR strategies adopted by the government to mold public opinion during those times. Presentation prepared by Group 2 of AD-PR, IIMC Delhi, 2016-17.
The document discusses the balance of power in Asia between Pakistan, India, China, and the United States. It notes that the U.S. favors India over Pakistan, creating a military imbalance. In response, Pakistan strengthened ties with China, who considers Pakistan an important ally. China is investing heavily in Pakistan through projects like CPEC, while the U.S. alliance with India aims to counter Chinese influence. The growing military and economic cooperation between China and Pakistan is reshaping the balance of power in Asia.
This report summarizes the complex relationship between India and Pakistan since their independence in 1947. It outlines the main causes of conflict as the violent partition that displaced millions, and the disputed territory of Kashmir. Multiple wars have been fought over Kashmir, and relations have often soured due to cross-border terrorism. While there have been attempts to improve ties, issues around Kashmir and terrorism have impeded progress. The nuclear capabilities of both countries also increase tensions.
This document summarizes an assignment on India-Pakistan long term relations. It discusses how the relations have been characterized by hostility since independence in 1947 due to disputes like Kashmir and border issues. It notes that both countries have allowed military capabilities to influence their relations. The future of relations depends on how each country assesses the geopolitical environment in South Asia and moves towards reconciliation without threatening the other. Bilateral disputes like Kashmir have been a central cause of tensions, and the dispute is important to Pakistan for ideological and strategic reasons.
Pakistan has diplomatic relationships with several countries based on mutual interests and objectives. Its foreign policy aims to protect national security, territorial integrity, and political sovereignty. Key aspects of Pakistan's foreign policy include sovereignty, national interests, and peaceful cooperation. Major foreign policy agencies include the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and intelligence services. Pakistan maintains relationships with neighboring countries like Iran, Afghanistan, India, China, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey as well as allies like the United States.
The document summarizes the 2016 clash between India and Pakistan. It provides background on events leading up to the clash, including the death of Burhan Wani and the Uri base attack. It then discusses India's claim of a surgical strike against Pakistan, Pakistan's rejection of this claim, and increased cross-border firing between the two countries. It also notes the reactions from both countries as well as responses from other international actors.
This document provides an overview of India-China relations post-independence. It discusses the political and economic dimensions of their relationship. Politically, relations were strained after China seized Tibet and the two countries went to war in 1962 over their disputed border. Economically, bilateral trade has grown significantly, reaching $73.9 billion in 2011, though India faces a large trade deficit with China. The document also notes China's strategic efforts to encircle India by allying with countries on its borders like Pakistan and Myanmar.
Pakistan China Relations / Friendship (Detailed Report/ Document)Haziq Naeem
The document discusses the history and development of military cooperation between China and Pakistan. It notes that China has become Pakistan's largest supplier of arms, with Pakistan accounting for nearly half of China's arms exports. Recent major defense deals include an agreement for China to build eight submarines for Pakistan, half of which will be constructed in Pakistan to boost its domestic shipbuilding capacity. While Chinese military technology has advanced significantly, some of its platforms remain dependent on Russian components, such as the engines used in the jointly produced JF-17 fighter jet. Experts note the importance of Pakistan as the only country where Chinese equipment has been tested in combat situations alongside other suppliers' hardware.
This document discusses the transition from a bi-polar world dominated by the US and USSR to a multi-polar world with multiple power centers emerging. It notes China and Russia's increasing economic and military power and their efforts to assert influence globally. The US is taking steps like its Asia-Pacific policy to maintain primacy but power is shifting. The future could see more stability or conflict between states as they adjust to the new dynamic, complex multi-polar system. Pakistan is also adjusting its foreign policy to address security and economic concerns in the changing world order.
The document discusses China as a potential threat to India's national security and interests. It analyzes China's actions and influence across various dimensions - geopolitical, economic, military, sociocultural, and science & technology. While China objects to India's rise and strategic partnerships, India has started adopting a more nuanced response by strengthening relationships with neighboring countries and engaging in strategic partnerships of its own.
This document summarizes Pak-India relations since their partition in 1947. It outlines key events that have strained their relationship such as the Kashmir dispute, three Indo-Pakistan wars between 1965-1971, the Kargil War in 1999, and recent tensions in 2019. While agreements like the Indus Water Treaty and Simla Agreement have aimed to reduce tensions, disputes over Kashmir and cross-border attacks have typically undermined efforts to build trust and cooperation between the two countries.
Pakistan and Iran have a long history of close relations since Pakistan's establishment in 1947. Iran was the first country to recognize Pakistan and the two countries signed a treaty of friendship in 1950. They have supported each other both militarily and economically over the years, including during the 1965 and 1971 Indo-Pakistan wars. While relations faced some difficulties during the Soviet-Afghan war and rise of the Taliban, the countries have worked to rehabilitate ties in recent decades. They continue economic cooperation like on a proposed Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline and aim to strengthen security cooperation along their shared border.
Safdar ali_Pak-india relations assignmentSafdar Ali
The document provides a historical overview of relations between India and Pakistan since their partition in 1947. It discusses several points of conflict and tension between the two countries, including the Kashmir dispute, multiple wars, terrorist attacks, and ongoing tensions over their shared border. While relations have often been strained due to these issues, the document also outlines some agreements and processes the two countries have engaged in to reduce tensions, such as the Simla Agreement, Composite Dialogue Process, and ceasefire negotiations along the Line of Control.
Pakistan & India relationships Over the Years by ZZSyed Zahoor
The document discusses Pakistan and India's relationship over time based on the perspectives of various Pakistani politicians and civil society leaders. It outlines a history of tensions and conflicts between the two countries, as well as periods of more positive diplomacy and peace talks. Imran Khan, leader of the PTI party, is discussed as advocating for increased economic cooperation, open borders, and a resolution of the Kashmir issue in order to improve relations. Benazir Bhutto is also mentioned, noting her views evolved from supporting Kashmiri separatism to calling for economic integration between Pakistan and India.
The document summarizes the political events in Pakistan surrounding Ali Bhutto and the imposition of martial law in 1977. It discusses how Bhutto tried to establish democracy and reduce the military's role after previous periods of military rule. However, opposition protests and violence following a disputed election led the military to intervene and detain Bhutto. The document also outlines the legal challenges to Bhutto's detention, with his wife Nusrat Bhutto filing a habeas corpus petition in the Supreme Court.
Pakistan maintains an independent foreign policy guided by its history and strategic location. It seeks friendly relations with all countries while safeguarding its national security interests, including resolving the Kashmir dispute. Pakistan is an active member of the UN and OIC and maintains strategic alliances with China and the US at different times. Relations with India and Afghanistan are strained due to territorial and security issues. Pakistan also aims to strengthen ties with other Muslim countries and pursues diplomatic but cool relations with Israel.
Term paper india-pakistan_relations_an_enduring_rivalrynashadwajid
This document discusses the enduring rivalry between India and Pakistan over several decades since their independence. It identifies several key factors that have contributed to the persistent conflict between the two countries, including the power asymmetry that favors India, their ongoing security competition exacerbated by the disputed territory of Kashmir, India's pursuit of regional hegemony that Pakistan has sought to resist, and the influence of external powers in the relationship. The rivalry has endured despite brief periods of normalcy due to these deep-seated historical, political, and strategic differences between the two nuclear-armed neighbors.
A study of pakistan china defense relations (2000-2012)Alexander Decker
This document summarizes Pakistan and China's defense relations from 2000 to 2012. It discusses how the two countries have strengthened their bilateral defense cooperation through various agreements and high-level visits, despite facing hurdles. Some key events mentioned include the 2005 Treaty of Good Neighborliness, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's 2010 visit to Pakistan where several deals were signed, and Pakistani PM Gillani's 2011 visit to China following Osama bin Laden's death, where China pledged support against potential US or Indian attacks. The document outlines the historical background of relations before analyzing the current state of bilateral diplomatic and defense ties.
Foreign Policy
Aims of foreign policy of Pakistan
China and Pakistan’s Relations
Relationship’s History of Pakistan and America
India-Pakistan Relations
Kashmir Conflict
Pak-Afghan Relations
This document provides background on the history of relations between the United States and India, focusing on their nuclear cooperation. It discusses how the US initially had concerns about India's growing nuclear program but sought to partner with India economically and militarily due to strategic interests. The document outlines tensions between India, Pakistan, and China that impact India's security situation and traces major nuclear agreements between the US and India from the 1960s onward.
Good Indo Pak relation is essential for both countries so that they can concentrate their energy for development welfare of people rather than wasting resources on war machinery.
The document discusses the balance of power in Asia between Pakistan, India, China, and the United States. It notes that the U.S. favors India over Pakistan, creating a military imbalance. In response, Pakistan strengthened ties with China, who considers Pakistan an important ally. China is investing heavily in Pakistan through projects like CPEC, while the U.S. alliance with India aims to counter Chinese influence. The growing military and economic cooperation between China and Pakistan is reshaping the balance of power in Asia.
This report summarizes the complex relationship between India and Pakistan since their independence in 1947. It outlines the main causes of conflict as the violent partition that displaced millions, and the disputed territory of Kashmir. Multiple wars have been fought over Kashmir, and relations have often soured due to cross-border terrorism. While there have been attempts to improve ties, issues around Kashmir and terrorism have impeded progress. The nuclear capabilities of both countries also increase tensions.
This document summarizes an assignment on India-Pakistan long term relations. It discusses how the relations have been characterized by hostility since independence in 1947 due to disputes like Kashmir and border issues. It notes that both countries have allowed military capabilities to influence their relations. The future of relations depends on how each country assesses the geopolitical environment in South Asia and moves towards reconciliation without threatening the other. Bilateral disputes like Kashmir have been a central cause of tensions, and the dispute is important to Pakistan for ideological and strategic reasons.
Pakistan has diplomatic relationships with several countries based on mutual interests and objectives. Its foreign policy aims to protect national security, territorial integrity, and political sovereignty. Key aspects of Pakistan's foreign policy include sovereignty, national interests, and peaceful cooperation. Major foreign policy agencies include the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and intelligence services. Pakistan maintains relationships with neighboring countries like Iran, Afghanistan, India, China, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey as well as allies like the United States.
The document summarizes the 2016 clash between India and Pakistan. It provides background on events leading up to the clash, including the death of Burhan Wani and the Uri base attack. It then discusses India's claim of a surgical strike against Pakistan, Pakistan's rejection of this claim, and increased cross-border firing between the two countries. It also notes the reactions from both countries as well as responses from other international actors.
This document provides an overview of India-China relations post-independence. It discusses the political and economic dimensions of their relationship. Politically, relations were strained after China seized Tibet and the two countries went to war in 1962 over their disputed border. Economically, bilateral trade has grown significantly, reaching $73.9 billion in 2011, though India faces a large trade deficit with China. The document also notes China's strategic efforts to encircle India by allying with countries on its borders like Pakistan and Myanmar.
Pakistan China Relations / Friendship (Detailed Report/ Document)Haziq Naeem
The document discusses the history and development of military cooperation between China and Pakistan. It notes that China has become Pakistan's largest supplier of arms, with Pakistan accounting for nearly half of China's arms exports. Recent major defense deals include an agreement for China to build eight submarines for Pakistan, half of which will be constructed in Pakistan to boost its domestic shipbuilding capacity. While Chinese military technology has advanced significantly, some of its platforms remain dependent on Russian components, such as the engines used in the jointly produced JF-17 fighter jet. Experts note the importance of Pakistan as the only country where Chinese equipment has been tested in combat situations alongside other suppliers' hardware.
This document discusses the transition from a bi-polar world dominated by the US and USSR to a multi-polar world with multiple power centers emerging. It notes China and Russia's increasing economic and military power and their efforts to assert influence globally. The US is taking steps like its Asia-Pacific policy to maintain primacy but power is shifting. The future could see more stability or conflict between states as they adjust to the new dynamic, complex multi-polar system. Pakistan is also adjusting its foreign policy to address security and economic concerns in the changing world order.
The document discusses China as a potential threat to India's national security and interests. It analyzes China's actions and influence across various dimensions - geopolitical, economic, military, sociocultural, and science & technology. While China objects to India's rise and strategic partnerships, India has started adopting a more nuanced response by strengthening relationships with neighboring countries and engaging in strategic partnerships of its own.
This document summarizes Pak-India relations since their partition in 1947. It outlines key events that have strained their relationship such as the Kashmir dispute, three Indo-Pakistan wars between 1965-1971, the Kargil War in 1999, and recent tensions in 2019. While agreements like the Indus Water Treaty and Simla Agreement have aimed to reduce tensions, disputes over Kashmir and cross-border attacks have typically undermined efforts to build trust and cooperation between the two countries.
Pakistan and Iran have a long history of close relations since Pakistan's establishment in 1947. Iran was the first country to recognize Pakistan and the two countries signed a treaty of friendship in 1950. They have supported each other both militarily and economically over the years, including during the 1965 and 1971 Indo-Pakistan wars. While relations faced some difficulties during the Soviet-Afghan war and rise of the Taliban, the countries have worked to rehabilitate ties in recent decades. They continue economic cooperation like on a proposed Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline and aim to strengthen security cooperation along their shared border.
Safdar ali_Pak-india relations assignmentSafdar Ali
The document provides a historical overview of relations between India and Pakistan since their partition in 1947. It discusses several points of conflict and tension between the two countries, including the Kashmir dispute, multiple wars, terrorist attacks, and ongoing tensions over their shared border. While relations have often been strained due to these issues, the document also outlines some agreements and processes the two countries have engaged in to reduce tensions, such as the Simla Agreement, Composite Dialogue Process, and ceasefire negotiations along the Line of Control.
Pakistan & India relationships Over the Years by ZZSyed Zahoor
The document discusses Pakistan and India's relationship over time based on the perspectives of various Pakistani politicians and civil society leaders. It outlines a history of tensions and conflicts between the two countries, as well as periods of more positive diplomacy and peace talks. Imran Khan, leader of the PTI party, is discussed as advocating for increased economic cooperation, open borders, and a resolution of the Kashmir issue in order to improve relations. Benazir Bhutto is also mentioned, noting her views evolved from supporting Kashmiri separatism to calling for economic integration between Pakistan and India.
The document summarizes the political events in Pakistan surrounding Ali Bhutto and the imposition of martial law in 1977. It discusses how Bhutto tried to establish democracy and reduce the military's role after previous periods of military rule. However, opposition protests and violence following a disputed election led the military to intervene and detain Bhutto. The document also outlines the legal challenges to Bhutto's detention, with his wife Nusrat Bhutto filing a habeas corpus petition in the Supreme Court.
Pakistan maintains an independent foreign policy guided by its history and strategic location. It seeks friendly relations with all countries while safeguarding its national security interests, including resolving the Kashmir dispute. Pakistan is an active member of the UN and OIC and maintains strategic alliances with China and the US at different times. Relations with India and Afghanistan are strained due to territorial and security issues. Pakistan also aims to strengthen ties with other Muslim countries and pursues diplomatic but cool relations with Israel.
Term paper india-pakistan_relations_an_enduring_rivalrynashadwajid
This document discusses the enduring rivalry between India and Pakistan over several decades since their independence. It identifies several key factors that have contributed to the persistent conflict between the two countries, including the power asymmetry that favors India, their ongoing security competition exacerbated by the disputed territory of Kashmir, India's pursuit of regional hegemony that Pakistan has sought to resist, and the influence of external powers in the relationship. The rivalry has endured despite brief periods of normalcy due to these deep-seated historical, political, and strategic differences between the two nuclear-armed neighbors.
A study of pakistan china defense relations (2000-2012)Alexander Decker
This document summarizes Pakistan and China's defense relations from 2000 to 2012. It discusses how the two countries have strengthened their bilateral defense cooperation through various agreements and high-level visits, despite facing hurdles. Some key events mentioned include the 2005 Treaty of Good Neighborliness, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's 2010 visit to Pakistan where several deals were signed, and Pakistani PM Gillani's 2011 visit to China following Osama bin Laden's death, where China pledged support against potential US or Indian attacks. The document outlines the historical background of relations before analyzing the current state of bilateral diplomatic and defense ties.
Foreign Policy
Aims of foreign policy of Pakistan
China and Pakistan’s Relations
Relationship’s History of Pakistan and America
India-Pakistan Relations
Kashmir Conflict
Pak-Afghan Relations
This document provides background on the history of relations between the United States and India, focusing on their nuclear cooperation. It discusses how the US initially had concerns about India's growing nuclear program but sought to partner with India economically and militarily due to strategic interests. The document outlines tensions between India, Pakistan, and China that impact India's security situation and traces major nuclear agreements between the US and India from the 1960s onward.
Good Indo Pak relation is essential for both countries so that they can concentrate their energy for development welfare of people rather than wasting resources on war machinery.
Pakistan and Iran have historically maintained close relations since Pakistan's independence in 1947. Iran was the first country to recognize Pakistan and the two countries signed a treaty of friendship in 1950. During the Cold War, Iran supported Pakistan and the two cooperated on issues like fighting drug trafficking along their shared border. In recent decades, Pakistan and Iran have increased economic cooperation and trade, though tensions have risen at times due to geopolitical differences and sectarian issues. Both countries remain important trading partners and allies.
The document provides historical context on India-Pakistan relations since partition in 1947. It discusses the violent partition that divided British India, resulting in displacement of millions and over 1 million deaths. It then summarizes the numerous military conflicts between India and Pakistan since 1947 including the wars in 1948, 1965, and 1971 as well as the Kargil conflict. It also outlines the ongoing disputes between the two countries including Kashmir, water rights, terrorism, and political instability. Media role and four wars are also briefly discussed.
The conflict between India and Pakistan originated from tensions between Indian and Muslim nationalism during British rule. The partition of British India led to an independent India and Pakistan in 1947, but also sparked religious conflict over the region of Jammu and Kashmir. Over 70 years since independence, India and Pakistan have fought three wars and have ongoing tensions over Kashmir, though they have also had some successes in sharing water resources and resolving border disputes. Religious nationalism and tensions over Kashmir have periodically led to outbreaks of violence between the two countries.
A study of pakistan china defense relations (2000-2012)Alexander Decker
This document summarizes Pakistan and China's defense relations from 2000 to 2012. It discusses how the two countries have strengthened diplomatic, economic, and military ties over this period. Key developments include signing treaties of friendship and cooperation, joint projects like the Gwadar Port and Karakoram Highway, increasing arms sales and joint weapons development like the JF-17 fighter jet, and expanding nuclear cooperation such as additional reactors at Chashma Nuclear Power Plant. The document analyzes high-level visits and agreements that have deepened Pakistan and China's strategic partnership and defense collaboration.
The document summarizes the complex relationship between India and Pakistan since their partition in 1947. It discusses the ongoing Kashmir dispute, periods of war including 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999, ongoing terrorism supported by Pakistan, and trade agreements between the two countries aimed at increasing economic cooperation. However, military confrontations over Kashmir have taken precedence and prevented deeper economic integration that could benefit both countries.
India and China have had extensive cultural contact and trade relations since the 2nd century BCE, especially with the transmission of Buddhism from India to China. While political contact was limited before the 1950s, many scholars and monks traveled between the two countries to spread religious and philosophical ideas. Geographically, India and China are separated by the Himalayas and have ongoing border disputes over Kashmir and Arunachal Pradesh. In the modern era, relations have fluctuated from the 1962 border war to efforts to improve cooperation through agreements like the Panchsheel Treaty and increased economic engagement in recent decades. Currently, both countries are working to strengthen ties through increased investment, infrastructure projects, and cooperation on international organizations.
The document discusses Jawaharlal Nehru's view that foreign relations are the fundamental test of a country's independence. It then provides context on India's foreign policy goals of promoting peace and maintaining just relations between nations according to the constitution. Several principles and determinants of India's foreign policy are outlined, including non-alignment and focusing on neighborhood peace and development.
Pakistan Studies (English) 2016 For B.COM IMUHAMMAD RIAZ
Pakistan and India have had a long history of rivalry and conflict since partition in 1947. Their relationship is defined by their dispute over Kashmir and have fought three major wars over the region. Kashmir remains divided between the two countries with neither recognizing the other's claim. Other points of tension include border clashes, nuclear development, and accusations of supporting separatists in each other's countries. While periods of improved relations and peace talks have occurred, deep distrust and the Kashmir issue have prevented lasting reconciliation between the two nuclear powers.
Pakistan and Russia have had a complex relationship since establishing diplomatic relations in 1948. Throughout the Cold War, relations were often strained as the Soviet Union allied with India against Pakistan at various points, including providing support to India during the 1971 war that led to Bangladesh's independence. However, relations have improved since the end of the Cold War, with both countries seeking to strengthen economic and security cooperation. Cultural exchanges have also increased in recent decades.
This document provides an overview of the relationship between Pakistan and India, with a focus on the disputed region of Kashmir. It discusses:
1) The partition of British India and how Kashmir's accession became a point of contention.
2) India's diplomatic success in portraying Kashmir as an internal issue rather than an international dispute, due to its unified stance compared to divisions within Pakistan.
3) The origins of the Kashmir dispute, from the maharaja's rule to the UN resolutions calling for a plebiscite that was never implemented.
4) Various proposals over the decades to resolve the dispute through compromise, such as an independent Kashmir or accepting the current line of control
pakistan and india relation till 1947 to 2016Usama Ahmad
The document summarizes the history of relations between India and Pakistan since their partition in 1947. It discusses key events and disputes that have strained relations such as the partition of British India, the Kashmir dispute, several Indo-Pakistan wars, and ongoing tensions over terrorism. While the two countries have had hostile relations for decades, they have also attempted negotiations and agreements to reduce tensions, such as the Simla Agreement and later composite dialogue processes.
Foreign Policy of Pakistan and Simla Agreement2ub1
The Simla Agreement signed by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan on 2nd July 1972 was much more than a peace treaty seeking to reverse the consequences of the 1971 war (i.e. to bring about withdrawals of troops and an exchange of PoWs). It was a comprehensive blue print for good neighbourly relations between India and Pakistan. Under the Simla Agreement both countries undertook to abjure conflict and confrontation which had marred relations in the past, and to work towards the establishment of durable peace, friendship and cooperation.
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was fought between India and Pakistan over the liberation of Bangladesh. East Pakistan sought independence after winning the 1970 election but being denied power. Mass arrests and violence against East Pakistan led to 10 million refugees fleeing to India. In response, India provided support and training to the Mukti Bahini forces of Bangladesh. By late 1971, full-scale war had broken out across East and West Pakistan as India supported Bangladeshi independence forces. The war ended in two weeks with the surrender of Pakistani forces in the east and the creation of an independent Bangladesh.
The document summarizes the complex history of conflict between India and Pakistan over several disputed territories and issues. It notes that the India-Pakistan border has been the site of much bloodshed and war since partition in 1947. The ongoing conflict in Kashmir has resulted in over 40,000 deaths. The document argues that the root cause of tensions is an imbalance of power between the two countries that Pakistan refuses to accept. It examines past peace talks that have failed and outlines realistic options for India, including taking advantage of internal divisions within Pakistan to encourage the breakup of the Pakistani state.
The document summarizes the history and current state of relations between Pakistan and Iran. It notes that Pakistan and Iran have longstanding cultural, economic, and political ties dating back to 1949. Key points of cooperation have included trade agreements, joint economic commissions, Iranian support for Pakistan in its wars with India, and discussions around a proposed natural gas pipeline to strengthen economic integration. However, tensions have also emerged at times due to differing positions on issues like the Afghan conflict and Iran's nuclear program. Overall the document outlines the complex relationship between the two neighboring countries.
The document provides an overview of United States-Pakistan relations from 1947 to 2016. Some key points covered include:
- The initial years after Pakistan's independence saw it adopt a pro-Western stance and ally with the US against the Soviet Union.
- Relations strengthened under Ayub Khan from 1958-1969 as Pakistan joined regional defense pacts and received increased US aid.
- Tensions arose under Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto from 1971-1979 as the US opposed Pakistan's nuclear program.
- The 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and seizure of the Grand Mosque in Mecca renewed US interest in improving relations with Pakistan.
research article onsemoitic analysis on pkistan india relationshipSheharyar567
This document summarizes a research article about analyzing the relationship between India and Pakistan through print media in Pakistan. The researcher conducted a content analysis of two major Pakistani newspapers, Jang and Dawn, over one year to study how the print media portrayed relations between the two countries. The analysis looked at factors like frequency and length of articles, framing of issues as positive/negative, and placement of stories. A survey was also administered to readers of the newspapers to understand the impact of media framing on public perceptions of India-Pakistan relations. The study found that Pakistani print media generally took a neutral to positive approach in promoting bilateral relations between the two countries.
Pakistan and Iran have historically close relations due to their shared cultural and religious heritage. They established diplomatic relations in 1947 and have supported each other both economically and militarily over the years. However, tensions have also arisen at times due to their different positions on issues like the Afghan conflicts and Iran's Islamic revolution. Major areas of cooperation have included trade, an attempted gas pipeline project, and defense agreements. American influence and India's alignment with the US have also complicated the Pakistan-Iran relationship at various points.
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The document discusses several international organizations including the European Union, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, SAARC, OIC, ECO, and Brexit. It provides background information on when each organization was established, its objectives, and structure. For the EU, it notes that the UK voted to leave in 2016 via Brexit and will likely exit by early 2019. It also provides some key statistics on the EU prior to Brexit.
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An illustration of student-teacher collaboration in the subject of News Writing and Reporting, Students engaged in the discussion on News Terminologies.
NWR: Purpose of journalism: Student CollaborationAli Haider Saeed
An illustration of student-teacher collaboration in the subject of News Writing and Reporting, Students engaged in the discussion on Purpose of journalism
NWR: Problems & solutions of journalism in Pakistan: Student CollaborationAli Haider Saeed
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The document discusses the concepts of layout and design in newspapers. It defines layout as the arrangement of texts and graphics on a page, including the selection of font styles, sizes, and colors. Good layout establishes an overall appearance, allows for a smooth flow of information, and makes the content easy to read. Key aspects of layout mentioned include page margins, image and figure sizes and positions. Design is described as a plan that shows how a newspaper will look and function. The document emphasizes that good layout and design are important for readers to easily understand content, and for organizations to effectively communicate their message. It notes several principles of good design, such as using minimalism, good color schemes, consistent fonts, and alignment of elements.
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This document provides an overview of editing techniques for film. It was created by instructor Mr. Ali Haider and collaborators Afreen Sohail, Danish Ahmed, Abdullah Khan, and Toheed Ahmed. The document defines editing as assembling shots into a coherent sequence and explains that editors do more than just mechanically putting pieces together. It discusses how editing is essential for storytelling and can be used to convey emotions, tension, and pace a story appropriately. Finally, it provides definitions and examples of common editing techniques like cuts, match cuts, establishing shots, and montages.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
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Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Relation with neighbors : Media & Current Affairs : Student Collaboration
1. 1 2 3 4
The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com
Pakistan's Relation with
China Iran India Russia
1
Instructor: Mr. Ali Haider Saeed
Collaborators: Wajid, Maryam, Bakhtawar
2. The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com
Outline
Pakistan relations with India
Pakistan relations with China
Pakistan relations with Iran
Pakistan relations with Russia
2
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Pakistan & India
India and Pakistan share linguistic, cultural,
geographic, and economic links, yet their
relation has been mired in complexity due to a
number of historical and political events.
4. 1947-1948
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The first war between India and Pakistan was fought over
Jammu & Kashmir. Armed Pakistani tribesmen aided by the
newly created Pakistani Army invade Jammu & Kashmir in
October 1947. The legal ruler of the State of Jammu &
Kashmir, Maharaja Hari Singh, faced with internal revolt as
well an external invasion, requested the assistance of the
Indian armed forces and agreed to accede to India. He handed
over control of his defence, communications and foreign
affairs to the Indian government.
Fighting continued through the second half of 1948. The war
officially ended on 1 January 1949, when the United Nations
(UN) arranged a ceasefire, with an established ceasefire line, a
UN peacekeeping force and the recommendation that a
referendum on the accession of Jammu & Kashmir to India be
held.
Pakistan controlled roughly one-third of the State of Jammu &
Kashmir, referring to it as Azad (Free) Jammu & Kashmir and
claiming that it was semi-autonomous. A larger area, including
the former kingdoms of Hunza and Nagar, was controlled
directly by the central Pakistani government.
4
5. 5
In 1965, India and Pakistan fought their second war, that was preceded by skirmishes that took place
between the two nations between April and September. There were thousands of casualties on both
sides in the war, and it witnessed the largest engagement of armored vehicles and the largest tank
battle since World War II. It ended after a UN mandated ceasefire was declared following diplomatic
intervention by the Soviet Union and the United States (US), and the subsequent signing of the Tashkent
Declaration
East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) became the reason for the third war between India and Pakistan. The
conflict between East and West Pakistan begins when the central Pakistani government that was
seated in West Pakistan, led by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, refused to allow Awami League leader Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman, an East Pakistan-based Bengali whose party won the majority of seats in the 1970
parliamentary elections, to assume the premiership of the country.
Armed insurgency in the Kashmir Valley began. Muslim political parties, after accusing the state government
of rigging the 1987 state legislative elections, formed militant wings. Pakistan declares that
it was providing "moral and diplomatic" support to the militants. However it is widely believed internationally
that Pakistan is actually complicit in stoking the insurgency by providing funding, directions, shelter,
weapons and training to fighters. India is convinced that the armed attacks against its forces in Jammu &
Kashmir are a clear manifestation of "cross-border terrorism" by Pakistan in pursuit of its policy of 'bleeding
India through a thousand cuts'. Pakistan denies this
India detonated five nuclear devices at Pokhran. Pakistan responded by
detonating six nuclear devices of its own in the Chaghai Hills. The tests
resulted in international sanctions being placed on both countries. Both
countries became the newest Nuclear-armed nations.
History
6. 6
Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee travelled by bus to Lahore (newly opened Delhi–Lahore Bus
service) to meet Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. The two signed the Lahore Declaration, the first major
agreement between the two countries since the 1972 Simla Agreement. Both countries reiterated that they
remained committed to the Simla Agreement, and agreed to undertake a number of Confidence Building
Measures (CBMs) aimed at improving bilateral relations
On 13 December, an armed attack on the Indian parliament in New Delhi left 14 people
dead. LeT and JeM were held responsible for the attacks .The attacks led to massing of
India's and Pakistan's militaries along the LoC. The standoff ended only in October 2002,
after international mediation
Prime Minister Vajpayee and President Musharraf held direct talks at the 12th South Asian
Association for Regional cooperation (SAARC) summit in Islamabad in January, and the two
countries' Foreign Secretaries met later in the year. The year marked the beginning of the
Composite Dialogue Process, in which bilateral meetings were held between officials at various
levels of government (including Foreign Ministers, Foreign Secretaries, military officers, border
security officials, anti-narcotics officials and nuclear experts).
On 26 November, in one of the most gruesome terrorist attacks the world has witnessed,
armed gunmen opened fire on civilians at several sites in Mumbai, India. The attacked
places were the Taj Mahal Palace & Tower, the Oberoi Trident Hotel, the Chhatrapati Shivaji
Train Terminus, Leopold Cafe, Cama Hospital, Nariman House Jewish Community Centre,
Metro Cinema, St Xavier's College and a lane near the Times of India office. More than 160
people were killed in the attacks. An almost three-day siege of the Taj, where gunmen
remained holed up until all but one of them were killed in an Indian security forces
operation, accounted for the bulk of the casualties
History
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The Pakistani government admitted that the Mumbai attacks were planned on Pakistani soil, but denied
that the plotters were sanctioned or aided by Pakistan's intelligence agencies. The Indian government
continued to take a stern line with Pakistan, however, with its coalition government saying that it was
up to Pakistan to take the first step towards resumption of substantive talks by cracking down on
militant groups on its soil.
In September, the Prime Ministers of India and Pakistan met in New York on the sidelines of the
UN General Assembly. They agreed to end tension between the armies of both sides in the
disputed region of Jammu & Kashmir.
On 1 May, Pakistan's Army Chief General Raheel Sharif called Kashmir the "jugular vein" of
Pakistan, adding that for lasting peace in the region the dispute should be resolved in accordance
with the wishes and aspirations of Kashmiris and in line with the United Nations Security Council
resolutions. On 27 May, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi held talks with Pakistan's Prime
Minister Nawaz Sharif in New Delhi. Both sides expressed willingness to begin a new era of bilateral
relations.
India’s ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) party forms the government in Indian
Administered Jammu & Kashmir in coalition with the local People’s Democratic Party
(PDP) in March. Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, head of the PDP, is sworn in as Chief Minister.In
December, on his way back from Afghanistan, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi makes
a surprise visit to Lahore on Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif's birthday and the wedding of his
granddaughter.
History
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1947–1948
August 1965
First Kashmir War:
The second Indo-Pakistani war was sparked by a series of clashes across the India-
Pakistani border. The war ended in January 1966
1971
was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan that occurred during the
liberation war in East Pakistan
1999
The Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict, was an armed conflict between
India and Pakistan that took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil
district of Kashmir and elsewhere along the Line of Control.
War between Pakistan and India
9. The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com 9
Foreign policy
Foreign policy to the sum total of principles interests and
objectives which a country promotes while interacting
with other countries.
10. Foreign policy of Pakistan
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ail Jinnah, outlined the goals of Pakistan's foreign
policy.
The foreign policy of Pakistan seeks to promote the internationally recognized norms
of interstate, i.e.
1. Respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states.
2. Non-interference in the internal affairs of other state:
3. Non-aggression and peaceful settlement of disputes.
10
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Foreign policy of
India
Pt. jawahar lai nehru outlined foreign
policy of india
Peaceful co-existence with its neighbour
the rest of the world.
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Foreign policy of India
with Pakistan
Complete border dominance should be achieved.
Rebooting former prime minister offer of diplomatic overtures for
dialogue with Pakistan.
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Foreign policy of
Pakistan with
India
1 Periods of normal relations
2 Generally conflict changes of tough statements
3 Three major wars
4 conflicts at LOC (LINE OF CONTROL)
5 Despite Pakistan's effort to improve relations India was not
forthcoming.
6 Hope of bilateral dialogue on issues.
15. The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com 15
Pakistan and
China relationship
Pakistan and China have enjoyed close and
friendly relations since the establishment of
diplomatic relations on May 21, 1951. Over the years,
the relationship has blossomed into an "All-Weather Strategic
Cooperative Partnership with the CPEC at its core
Pakistan considers China as one of its closest friends and
partners and China considers Pakistan as its "Iron Brother"
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1950
1951
Pakistan become the third non-communist
country and first Muslim one to recognize
people republic of china.
Bejing and karachi establish diplomatic
relation.
1963
Pakistan cedes the Trans-Karakorum Tract
to china, ending border disputes.
1970
Pakistan help the U.S arrange the 1972
Nixon visit to china.
1978
The Karakorum highway liking the mountainous
Northern Pakistan with Western china officially
opens
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4
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1980
1986
China and the U.S provide support through
Pakistan to the Afghan guerrillas fighting soviet
occupational force
China and Pakistan president reach a
comprehensive nuclear co-operation agreement.
1996
Chinese president Jiang Zemin pays a state visit
to Pakistan.
1999
A 300 megawatt nuclear power plant built with
Chinese help in Punjab province is completed
2001
A joint Ventured Chinese- Pakistan tank the MBT-
2000 (AL-KHALID) MBT Completed
19. 1
2
3
4
5
19
2002
2003
The building of the Gwardar deep sae port
begins with china as the primary investor.
Pakistan and china signed a $110 million
construction of a housing project on Multan
Road in Lahore
2007
The Sino Pakistan joint-ventured multirole
fighter aircraft the JF-17 Thunder (FC-1 Fierce
Dragon) is formally rolled out.
2008
I. Pakistan and china to build a railway
thought the Karakorum highway, in order to
link china’s rail network to Gwadar Port.
II. The F-22P frigate comes into service with
the Pakistan Navy.
III. China and Pakistan sign and free agreement
2009
The ISI arrest several suspected Uyghur terrorists seeking
refuge in Pakistan
2010; Pakistan and china conduct a joint anti- terrorism drill.
21. The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com 21
wars
China is one of the most reliable partners of Pakistan throughout the
establishment of their diplomatic relations since 1951. It has been a
trustworthy companion in providing Pakistan with the military
assistance, economic advancement, financially viable means (the
recent CPEC is a clear example) and supporting Pakistan in volatile
and unpredictable regional security circumstance. One of the
examples of this unparalleled friendship is China’s incomparable
support to Pakistan in the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965.
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Major project
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Iran was first country who recognizes Pakistan
Pakistan and Iran are two neighboring countries that not only share a common border but also
have many other commonalities such as; linguistic, socio-economic, and strong historical, ethnic,
cultural, and religious ties.
Sharing 909 km border in the western side.
Pakistani Prime minister visits Iran in 1949.
As a return shah of Iran visited Pakistan with some cabinet member.
Pakistan and Iran Relations
25. 01 02 03 04
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After the joining in
*R.C.D(Regional Co-
operation for development)
in 1964, there was a period
of wars for Pakistan.
In 1965 INDO-PAK war,
Iran played an important role
and its qualified nurses,
medical supplies, and a gift
of 5,000 tons of petroleum
for the duration of the
fighting. Iran was also
reported to have purchased
90 Sabre Jet Fighters from
West Germany and to have
sent to Pakistan
By September 13, America and Britain increased diplomatic pressure on Iran and Turkey to end their
support for Pakistan. This didn’t stop Tehran from supporting Pakistan as the Shah announced
solidarity with Islamabad and cancelled celebrations of his 25th year of rule.
Pakistan and Iran Relations
In May 1950, a treaty of
friendship was signed by
the Prime minister Liaquat
Ali Khan and Shah of Iran.
A Baghdad pact known as
CENTO was signed
between Turkey, Pakistan,
Iran , Iraq.
26. 01 02 03 04
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P
In February 1979,
Ayatollah Ruhollah
Khomeini’s Islamic
revolution overthrew the
Shah’s and the Shia cleric
became the Rehbar-e-Aala.
The Soviet Union invaded
Afghanistan. Pakistan and
Iran both supported the
Afghan mujahideen in their
fight against the communist
power.
In 1980, Pakistan’s Shias
marched on Islamabad to
register their protest over
the enforcement of the new
Zakat laws by then military
dictator Ziaul Haqq.
In September 1980, Iraq led by Saddam Hussain invaded Iran. Saddam was worried that the 1979
Iranian Revolution could push his country’s Shia majority to rebel against his government.
Pakistan and Iran Relations 1979 Iranian revolution
The sectarian factor
became another source
of discord between
Pakistan and Iran after
the Iranian Islamic
Revolution
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Iran And Iraq WAR
1980
In September 1980, Iraq led by Saddam Hussain invaded Iran. Saddam was worried that the 1979
Iranian Revolution could push his country’s Shia majority to rebel against his government. Pakistan
stayed neutral during the eight-year long war.
27
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After the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, the Taliban formed their government in 1996.
Pakistan’s support for the Taliban, a Pashtun Sunni group, however, put Islamabad and Tehran in
two camps.
The relationship between the two countries remained mostly stable during Iranian president
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s tenure
In 2008, the Iranian president visited Pakistan to discuss plans to build a gas pipeline
The project was to be completed by December 2014 and would deliver 21.5 million cubic meters
of gas per day to Pakistan. The pipeline has not been completed to date.
Pakistan and Iran Relations
ECONOMIC ties with IRAN Extension of Economic Co- operation for Development(E.C.O) in
1985 led to growth of Iran-Pakistan strategic partnership. Pakistan joint economic commission
was establish in 1986
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In March 2016, the Pakistani intelligence agency arrested
an Indian spy in Baluchistan. His arrest was disclosed just
a day before Iranian president Hassan Rouhani’s visit to
Islamabad
Jaish al-Adl, another name of the banned outfit Jundullah,
became a cause for stress between Pakistan and Iran.
The group kidnapped dozens of Iranian border security
guards over the years. It operates from its bases in Iran’s
Sistan-Balochistan and Pakistan’s Baluchistan province
Pakistan and Iran Relations
Issues
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Pakistan and Iran Relations
The Prime Minister Imran Khan made his first official visit to Iran at the
invitation of Iranian President Dr. Hassan Rouhani on 21-22 April 2019.
The timely and fruitful visit contributed to enhancing mutual
understanding on a range of issues in political, economic and security
areas.
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Pakistan and Russia
Relations
The Soviet Union and Pakistan first established the diplomatic and
bilateral relations on 1 May 1948.
On May 1, 2018, Pakistan celebrated the 70th Anniversary of Diplomatic
Relations with Russia.
The Soviet Union's relations with Pakistan have seen ups and downs
during the different periods in the history of Pakistan
32. The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com 32
Pakistan and Russia Relations
The first Prime Minister of Pakistan was invited to
visit USSR, in 1949, he instead, reached USA on an
official visit.
In 1947 to the 1950s, the Soviet
Union enjoyed relatively
healthy and strong relations
with Pakistan when it was
under civilian control, but they
went ultimately cold soon after
the US-backed 1958 military
coup d'état
Russia, in 1965war maintained its
traditional stand that Kashmir was part of
India. Pradhan writes Moscow accepted
the disturbances in Kashmir had been
created by infiltrators from Pakistan.
Russia also backed India at the United
Nations. This weakened the relation
between both countries.
In the mid 1970s, relations were quickly
improved and warmed.
1949 to 1965
33. The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com 33
Pakistan and Russia
Relations
The Soviet Union played a decisive role in
the 1971 Winter war, first signing the Indo-
Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation.
The Soviets also had a nuclear submarine to
help ward off the threat posed to India by USS
Enterprise task force in the Indian Ocean.
34. The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com
Soviet Union support for Afghanistan on
the Pashtunistan issue and the U-2 episode
shattered mutual trust. Relations
experienced a nose dive and touched the
lowest ebb during the 1980s Soviet
occupation of Afghanistan, in which
Pakistan sided with United States ..
The democratic socialist alliance led by
then-Prime minister Zulfikar Ali
Bhutto made an effort to improve relations
with the Soviet Union, and for the first
time in Pakistani history the Soviet Union's
ties with Pakistan began to warm and
relations were quickly improved
In 1974, Bhutto paid a tiring and lengthy
state visit to Soviet Union, becoming the
first prime minister since the independence
of Pakistan in 1947.
34
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Pakistan and Russia Relations
During the 1973 till 1979, Soviet
Union and Pakistan enjoyed a
strong relationship with each
other which also benefited the
Soviet Union.
The Soviet relations with
Pakistan deteriorated on April 4,
1979, when Bhutto
was executed by the Supreme
Court of Pakistan
Breznev maintained the issue of
Bhutto was Pakistan's internal
matter but did not wish to see
him executed. When Bhutto was
hanged.
Bhutto Era
Bhutto succeeded to convince
the Soviet Union to establish
the integrated steel mils which
prompted the Soviet Union to
provide funds for the billion
dollar project
36. 01 02 03 04
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Pakistan and Russia Relations
In 1980, the relationship took a
dangerous turn, when Soviet
press, notable "Pravda" and other
Soviet commentators, began to
issue threatening statements
towards Pakistan
The change of administration in
1980 and immediate verbal
threat of Soviet Union to
Pakistan, brought the United
States and Pakistan on a six-year
trade, economic and military
agreement, valuing
approximately ~32.5 billions US
dollars.
After the Soviet Union troop
withdrawal withdrawing the
combatant troops
from Communist Afghanistan,
relations began to normalize with
Pakistan
In 1989, Soviet ambassador to Pakistan offered Pakistan to install a commercial nuclear power plant in the country,
however after U.S. intervention, the plans were sent into cold storage.
As for Pakistan, the Soviet war
with Islamist mujaheddin was a
complete revenge in retaliation
for the Soviet Union's long
support of regional rival, India,
notably during the 1971 war
which led the lot of East
Pakistan.
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On 19 April 2001, the Russian Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Alexander Losyukov paid a state visit to Pakistan,
and both countries agreed to co-operate in economic development and to work towards peace and prosperity in the
region.
In the wake of September 11, 2001 attacks the relations were warmed rapidly when Pakistan denounced the Taliban
and joined the NATO coalition to hunt down jihadist organizations and al-Qaeda
The decision of Pakistan to join the international struggle against terrorism has led to Russia-Pakistan relations being
greatly improved. Russia also played an integral role to ease off the nuclear 2001 Indo-Pakistan tensions
Russia vowed its support for Pakistan in its struggle against the Taliban militants. In 2007, the relations between
Pakistan and the Russian Federation were reactivated after the 3-day official visit of Russian Prime Minister Mikhail
Fradkov
In 2011, Russia strongly condemned the NATO strike in Pakistan and the Russian foreign minister stated it is
unacceptable to violate the sovereignty of a state, even when planning and carrying out counter-insurgent operations.[
Pakistan and Russia Relations
38. The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com 38
Pakistan and Russia Relations
The bilateral trade between each country reached to 630 million in 2008 and ~400
million in 2009. During this following year, both countries established the "Russian–
Pakistan Intergovernmental Commission on Trade and Economic, Scientific and
Technical Cooperation to cooperation in science In 2019, Russia had announced plans
to invest $14 billion in Pakistan's energy sector. Also, what
keeps Russia and Pakistan together is Afghanistan. Islamabad has been playing
broker between the Taliban and world powers. Russia, which is party to the
Afghanistan conflict, actively engages with Islamabad and technology and education.