The document discusses various challenges and solutions related to the implementation of systems and processes. It highlights issues with data management, user experience, and operational efficiency, suggesting strategies for improvement. Additionally, it stresses the importance of addressing user concerns and feedback to enhance overall effectiveness.

1. afn ;lxb
lht' kN6L/x]sf] lyof] . sf]7fdf Pp6f ;fgf] emofn lyof] . ToxL
emofnaf6 aflx/ a/08fdf an]sf] aTtLsf] pHofnf] p;sf] cfFvfdf
kl//x]sf] lyof] . Pp6f knfli6ssf] af]/fsf] lj:t/fdf cfkmgf] O:6sf]6
k6ofP/ tlsof agfPsf] lyof] . h]7sf] dlxgf, kfgL k/]sf] lyPg . udL{
vkL g;Sg' lyof] . Pp6f ;fgf] emofn afx]s aGb sf]7fdf xfjf rNg]
st} 7fpF lyPg . udL{n] ;f; /f]lsPnf h:tf] x'GYof] . hLpaf6
kl;gfsf] wf/f 5'6bYof] . nfdv'§]x?sf] ayfgn] x/avt uLt ufO/
xGYof] . 3/df x'Fbf p;nfO{ aTtLsf] pHofnf]df lgb|f kb}{gYof] . Pp6f
dfq nfdv'§] st} s/fof] eg] hLp l;l/ªu eP/ ;'Tg ;Sb}gYof]. oxfF
lt s'/fn] p;nfO{ k|efj kfb}{gg . /fte/L hlt nfdv'§]n] 6f]s]klg
p;n] wkfpFb}g . p;sf z/L/ e/L /x]sf lgn8fd / 3fpx?sf]
t'ngfdf nfdv'§]n] 6f]s]sf bfu t yfxf g} x'b}gy] .
p ;fgf] 5Fbf b]lv g} p;sf] cfdfn] ;w}F u'gu'gfpg] Pp6f uLt
lyof], æk"mnsf] y'Fuf au]/ uof] uªufsf] kfgLdf =============Æ eGg] . of]
uLt p;n] /]l8of]df klg w]/} k6s ;'g]sf] lyof] . Hofb} dg kYof]{ .
cfdfn] uLt u'gu'gfpFbf ;fFemdf p;nfO{ t'?Gt lgb|f kl/xfNYof]. of]
uLtsf] w'g g} cgf}7f] lyof] t/ clxn] zfxL ;]gfsf] d]h/sf] sf]7fdf
hj ToxL w'g aHbYof], Tof] w'gn] oxfF cftªs NofpYof], ljklTt
NofpYof] / NofpFYof] ljeT; d[To' . d]h/sf] sf]7fdf hj Tof] w'g
aHbYof], l;kfxLsf a'6x? aHg yfNby] / tL a'6x?sf cfjfh y'g'jfsf]
sf]7flt/ glhlsGy] . clg 9f]sf v'NbYof] / a'6 y'g'jf dWo s'g} Pp6fsf]
z/L/df ah|Gy] . To;nfO{ a'6n] lxsf{pFb} l3;fb}{ d]h/sf] sf]7fdf
nluGYof] . clg ;'? x'GYof] ?jfaf;L, lrTsf/, u8ofªu'8'ª / ufnL unf}
h . s]xL ;do kl5 y'g'jfsf] nf; sxfF 7]ufg nufpg] eg]/ 5nkmn
u/]sf] ;'lgGYof] . s'g} efUodfgL y'g'jf dfq kms]{/ sf]7fdf cfpFYof] .
lht' ;ft lbg klxn] cfkmg} 3/af6 cfdfsf] cufl8af6} lhNnf
ljsf; ;ldltdf ad xfg]sf] cf/f]kdf kqmfp k/]sf] lyof]. p cfpFbf

2. klxnf] lbg of] sf]7fdf % hgf y'g'jfx? lyP . To;kl5 k|To]s lbg b'O{
tLghgfsf b/n] ylkPsf ePklg clxn] of] sf]7fdf rf/hgf dfq
y'g'jfx? lyP, p ;d]t . c? y'g'jfx? sxfF uP lht'nfO{ yfxf lyPg
t/ c?n] ;]gfn] df¥of] eGby] . d/]sf] ufOFu'OF xNnf ;'g] klg p;n]
nf; b]v]sf] lyPg .
lht' c;n rl/qsf] 5f]/f] lyof] . p ufpF 8'Ng hfFb}gYof] . ;flyx?
klg w]/} lyPgg p;sf . gf} sIffdf k9bf ;fyLx?af6 ufpFdf
dfcf]jfbL cfpF5g eGg] ;'g]sf] dfq xf] . p;sf] Pp6f efO{ lyof] kfFr
jif{sf] . afa'n] ef/tlt/ uP/ sfd uy]{ / 3/df cfpFbf v]tL kftLdf ;
3fpy] . cfdf 3/sf] ;a} sfd uly{g . v]tLkftL, 5f]/fx?sf] x]/ljrf/,
ufOa:t'sf] kfngkf]if0f pg}n] ub{lyg . sfdaf6 k'm;{b lgsfn]/ k/
fnsf] u'Gb|L a'g]/ a]Rg] klg ub{lyg . rNnf s'v'/f, v;L kf7f a]r]/ 3/
sf] vr{ rnfplyg .
lht'sf a'jf 3/df lyPgg . zfxL ;]gfsf hjfgx? cfP/ s]xL
a'emg' 5, kl5 cfOxfN5 eg]/ p;nfO{ NofPsf lyP . cfdfn] s]xL ?k}
ofF / vfhf lbg vf]Hbf l;kfxLn] s]xL lbg' kb}{g, ;fFemdf kmls{xfN5
eg]/ lng} lbPgg . p;n] b'v]sf] hLp d'l:snn] rnfpFb} sf]N6] kmls{of]
. cfdfnfO{ ;De]m/ cfFvfaf6 tk tk b'O{ yf]kf cfF;' v;fNof] . p clxn]
ufpFs} lzjzlSt dfWolds ljbofnodf sIff bzdf k9bYof] .
k9fO{ w]/} /fd|f] gePklg ;Gtf]if hgs lyof] . 3/sf] sfddf
cfdfnfO{ ;3fpg', efOnfO{ cIf/ l;sfpg' / k9g' p;sf d'Vo sfdx?
lyP .
;}lgs SofDksf] u]6 aflx/ ;Dd NofpFbf p;nfO{ ;Ddfg hgs ?
kdf NofOof] . hj u]6 leq k|j]z u/fOof], p PsfPs dfcf]jfbL
cftªssf/L e}xfNof] . clg alif{g yfn] n67L, a'6 / kfOksf jiff{x? .
clg l3;fb}{ NofP/ oxL sf]7fdf y'lgof] cGo kfFr hgf y'g'jfsf] ;fydf
. pgLx? n'uf RofltPsf, /StfDo 3fpx?n] el/Psf, kx]lnPsf, cfFvf
u8]sf ;f]emf ufpFn] h:tf b]lvg] AolStx? lyP . cfPsf] ;feFm p;nfO{

3. s]xL vfgf lbOPg . /fte/ nfdv'66]x?sf] x'n p8L/x]sf] kmf]x/ sf]7fdf
ef]s} ;'Tbf lgb|f nfUg] s'/} ePg . c? JolStx?nfO{ lbpF;} vfgf
lbO{ ;lsPsf] lyof] . s;};Fu s]xL vfg]s'/f lyPg . /fte/ æk"mnsf]
y'Fuf au]/ uof]=====Æ eGg] uLtsf] w'g w]/} k6s aHof]. w'g aHg ;fy
Ps PshgfnfO{ af]nfOGYof]. Ps 306f es'/]/ NofOGYof] . d]h/sf]
sf]7faf6 k'?if / dlxnfsf] ?jfO{, lrTsf/ / cft{gfbn] 3/sf sf]7fx?
k|ltWjlgt x'Gy] . Ps hgfn] p;nfO{ lj:tf/} lrdf]6]/ eg]–æs]xL
gaf]Ng', w]/} af7f] gaGg', s;}nfO{ gkf]Ng', cfkmgf] 3/sf s'/fx? ;f]w]
kl5 ;To s'/fx? dfq eGg' .Æ
dWo] /ftlt/ dfly xNnfvNnf eof] . …/Ltf d/L, Tof] s]6L ;fx|} /
fd|L lyO{ . s;/L ck/flw sfddf nflu xf]nL < ljr/L d/L Û dbf{ ;Dd
klg Pp6f s'/f eGg] xf]Og, s:tf] tflnd lbPsf] x'Fbf] /x]5 .Ú eGg]
ufOu'O{ s'/fx? ;'lgof] . æTo; s]6LnfO{ Tof] n7]a|f] g]tf k'/]sf] 7fpFdf
nu]/ uf8 .Æ d]h/n] cfb]z u/]sf] ;'lgof] .
w]/}a]/ vnan ePkl5 aftfj/0f zfGt eof] . ljxfg rf/
ah] ;Dd dzfg3f6 h:tf] ;Ggf6f 5fof] . ljxfg rf/ ah] kl5 k]m/L
vnan ;'lgg yfNof] . aflx/ hfg] / leq cfpg] qmd rln/Xof] . kfFr
hgf dWo] b'O{ hgf y'g'jfx? ufoa ePsf lyP .
æpxfFx?nfO{ sxfF nUof] <Æ lht'n] tLghgf dWo Ps
hgfnfO{ ;f]Wof] .
æ/flt g} zfxL ;]gfn] vfof] . b'j} zxLb x'g' eof] . Ps hgfnfO{ t
d}n] aflx/ n}hfg nfu]sf] b]v]“ t/ csf]{nfO{ d¥of] eGg] ufOu'O{ xNnf
dfq ;'g“] . n}hfg nfu]sf] b]lvg . cfh /flt dfq rf/ hgf ;fyLx?
dfl/g' eof] . xfdL klg slt lbg;Dd afFrf}nf / < lbgdf b'O{ lunf;
kfgL / Ps Kn]6 eft dfq lbG5, Ps hgfnfO{ . k|f0f lg:sg klg slt
sl7g x'Fbf] /x]5 < oxfFaf6 aflx/ hfg lbg] xf]Og . w]/} oftgf ef]Ug'

4. eGbf t k|f0f lgl:s uP t /fd|} x'GYof] .Æ Ps hgfn] ;fptL u/] . csf]{
Ps hgfn] r'k nfUg] ;+s]t u/]kl5 k]m/L ;a} r'k nfu] .
lht'n] /fte/ w]/} k6s cfdfnfO{ ;Demof] . p;n] cfdfsf] dfofn'
xft cfkmgf] skfndf d';fl/Psf], cf]9g] s'/f cf]9fO lbPsf], e'mn
ldnfO{ lbPsf], st}af6 cfpFbf sDd/af6 s]xL vfg]s'/f lgsfn]/
lbPsf] ;DemL/Xof] . Tof] /ft To;} s6of] . csf]{ lbg ljxfg !) ah]lt/
ToxL w'g aHof] . p;nfO{ dfly af]nfOof] . dfly uPkl5 ;]gfsf] d]h/
afns[i0f ;f]kmfdf a;]sf] lyof] . p;sf] bfFoflt/ b'O{ hgf ;}lgs hjfg
xftdf P;=Pn=cf/= ;dft]/ plePsf lyP . d]h/ ;}lgs kf]zfsdf
lyof] . p;sf cfFvf ag lj/fnf]sf h:tf lyP . sfg 7'nf lyP / b'j}
cfFvfsf cfFlv ef}F hf]l8Psf lyP . gfssf Kjfnx? 7'nf ePsf]n] p
cgf}7f] hLj h:tf] b]lvGYof] . gfsdf Pp6f sf]7L lyof] . bfFt xfTtLsf
h:tf b]lvGy] . o:tf] dfG5] t dzfg3f6df d'bf{ kf]Ng] sfddf
lgs} ;'xfpYof] xf]nf . oxfF b]zsf] /Iff ug]{ lhDd]jf/L s;/L kfof]xf]nf <
lht'n] dgdf o:t} s'/f ;f]lr/x]sf] lyof] . d]h/n] h'Fuf d';fb}{ ;f]Wof],
æP o'jf sd/]8, slxn]b]lv nfluof] t qmflGtdf <Æ
lht' s]xL af]n]g .
æeg ;fn] Û slxn] b]lv nflu; qmflGtdf <Æ p;sf] d'v / a'6
Ps} rf]6L rn] . a'6sf] rf]6n] lht' 6]a'ndf ahfl/of] . p;sf] 6fpsf]
6]a'nsf] s'gfdf nfu]/ eNeNtL /ut aUg yfNof] . k]m/L csf]{ a'6 ;Fu}
ulh{of] d]h/, æof] b]zdf a;]/ o;} b]znfO{ aaf{b kfg]{ < cftªs k}
mnfpg] < >L % nfO{ ufnL ug]{ < dfG5]sf] xTof ub}{ lx8g] < eg t]/f]
g]tf sf] xf] <Æ
lht' eOdf k5fl/of] . plePsf l;kfxLn] P;=Pn=cf/=sf] gfn
d'vdf /fv]/ ædfl/ lbpm, eG5; sL eGb}g; <Æ eGb} d'vdf gfn sf]lr
lbof] . d'vaf6 klg /ut aUg yfNof] . cl3Nnf] lbg ljxfg vfPsf]
vfgf clxn];Dd s] /xGYof] < k]6df s]xL lyPg . kfgL;Dd klg
lbOPsf] lyPg . lht' lgs} s/fof] . ef]sn] xf] jf rf]6n] <

5. cfdfsf] ;Demgfn] xf] jf d]h/sf] 8/n] < p;nfO{ aGb'ssf] s'Gbf, nf7L,
a'6 cflbn] lk6]/ lynf] lynf] kfl/of] . ToxfF dg]{ s'/fnfO{ 7"nf] dflgb}
gYof] . Ps b'O{ hgf efUodfgL dfq afFRby] . w]/}h;f] oftgfsf] qmddf
db{y] . b]z / hgtfsf] /Iff ug]{ eg]/ hgtfsf] s/af6 kflnPsf] ;]gfn]
hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ xTof ul//x]sf] lyof] . d]h/n] eGof], æn}hf, cfh}
dnf{ < o;sf] cfGb|f e'F8L lgsfn]/ dfq dfg'{ k5{ .Æ
l;kfxLn] lht'nfO{ v'66fn] kN6fP/ pTtfgf] kf¥of] . clg 5ftLdf
5'/Lsf] 6'Kkf]n] 3f]Rof] . lht' e]/L lrTsf/ lgsfNb} lrRofof] .
æ;fnf d/]sf] 5}g .Æ l;kfxLn] eGof] .
l;kfxLn] v'66fn] lxsf{pFb} eGof],æ p7 ÛÆ
lht' crn kl8/Xof] . l;kfxLn] k]m/L æp7 ÛÆ eg]/ a'6n] lxsf{of] .
p7g] zlSt eP kf] p7g] . lht' crn kl8/Xof] . d]h/n] hªuLb}
eGof] æn}hf p7fP/ .Æ
To;kl5 b'O{ hgf l;kfxLn] Ps Ps xft ;dft]/ l3;fb}{ nu]/
y'g'jf sf]7fdf kmofs] . lht' d/]sf] lyPg . dfG5]sf] k|f0f lg:sg w]/}
sl7g x'bf]/x]5 . rfx]sf] a]nf k|f0f lg:sb}g t/ slxn] dg{ 8/ nfu]sf]
a]nf ;lhn} k|f0f lg:sG5 . lht'sf] hLp zL/ b]lv k}tnf;Dd lynf]
lynf] e};s]sf] lyof] . p;n] s'g 7fpFdf b'v]sf] 5}g
eg]/ ;f]Rof] . ;fob bfofF xftsf] a'9L cf}nf b'v]sf] lyPg .
lbge/ lht' p7g ;s]g . To;} kN6L /Xof] . lbp;f] Ps ah]lt/
rf/ hgfnfO{ Ps÷Ps Kn]6 eft / Ps hu kfgL lbOof] . lht'n] kfgL
vfgsf] nflu p7g] k|of; u¥of] t/ ;s]g . c?n] ;xof]u u/]/ kfgL
lkpg lbP . lht'n] eft klg vfg ;s]g . c? ltg hgfn]
vfO{ ;s]kl5 p;nfO{ vfgsf] nflu ;xof]u u/] . lbzf lk;fj ug{sf]
nflu Pp6f Knfli6ssf] afN6L lbOPsf] lyof] . lbzf lk;fan] afN6L el/
bf Ps hgfnfO{ aflx/ lnP/ kmfNg] cg'dtL lbOGYof] . aflx/sf] ;+;f/
s:tf] 5 egL x]g{sf] nflu ;a} hgfn] d hfG5', d hfG5' eGbf /x]5g .

6. To; lbg klg lht' afx]s ltg} hgfn] …d hfg]Ú eGg yfn] . cGtdf
Pshgf afN6L lnP/ uP . l;kfxL kl5 nfUof] .
;ftf}F lbgsf] ;fFem lht' To;} kN6L/x]sf] lyof] . p;sf] v'66fsf]
Pp6f cf}nf efFlrPsf] lyof] . b'O{j6f bfFt klg efFlrPsf
lyP . ;fFemkv Pp6f o'jtL, o'jtL s] egf} aRrLnfO{ NofP/ ToxL
sf]7fdf kmoflsof] . d'l:snn] !$ jif{sL :s'n] s]6LnfO{ n5f/k5f/ kfb{}
;}lgs xjNbf/ s'njL/n] ToxL sf]7fdf kmofSb} eGof]–æo;nfO{ ;a}hgf
ldn]/ kfnf]kfnf] ub{} :jf:gL agfp Û ;'u'/sL aRrL Û dfcf]jfbL aGg] <
t]/f] afa' sxfF 5 eGbf yfxf 5}g eGg] < lsg yfxf 5}g < /ftL yfxf
kfp5]; .Æ
æs]6L lxSs lxSs ub{} /f]O/x]sL lyO . w]/} a]/ kl5 ?g 5f]8]kl5
hLt'n] ;f]Wof] –æltd|f] gfd s] xf] <Æ
ælnnf .Æ p;n] 5f]6f] hjfkm lbO{ .
æs] ltdL ljbofyL{ ;ªu7gdf sfd u5{of}F <Æ
æcx ulb{g . xfd|f] :s'ndf sf]xL cfPsf 5}gg . d cf7 sIffdf
k95' . dnfO{ s]lx yfxf 5}g .Æ
ælogLx?n] lsg NofP ltdLnfO{ <Æ
æd]/f] a'af dfcf]jfbL x'g'x'G5 . pxfF b'O{ jif{ b]lv 3/df cfpg'
ePsf] 5}g . sxfF x'g'x'G5 < s]xL yfxf 5}g .Æ
ædnfO{ klg s]xL yfxf 5}g . t/ ;ft lbg klxn] 3/af6}
dnfO{ NofPsf x'g . NofP b]lv s'6Ls'6L dfg{ yfnL;s] . cf}Fnf klg
efFlrlbP . b'O{j6f bfFt klg efFrL lbP . hLp rnfpg ;lSbg .Æ
ædnfO{ klg w]/} s'6] . ufnL klg u/] . kmf]x/ zAb t slt xf]
slt, ;'Gg klg g;lsg] .Æ lnnfn] lj:tf/} egL .
c? tLg hgf dWo Pp6fn] lj:tf/} eGof] æh] ;f]w] klg w]/}
gaf]Ng' . ;ªu7gsf af/]df ;f]w] eg] yfxf 5}g eGg', 3/sf s'/fx? ;f]w]
eg] ;To;To atfpg' . gfg' ltdL o:tL lgrf]/] b'w cfpnf h:tL 5f} .
oL e'tx?n] sfFr} vfG5g xf]nf . x] b}j Û s] cTofrf/ b]Vg' k¥of] <Æ

7. a'6sf] cfjfh ;'g] kl5 r'k nfUg] Ozf/f u/] ;a}n] .
ev{/ rf}w jif{ k'u]sL uf]/L, kftnf] z/L/ ePsL, snsnfpbf] /fd|f]
cg'xf/ ePsL :s'n] s]6L b]Vbf d]h/sf] dg s] /xGYof] . /ftL s/Lj bz
ah]sf] ;dodf pxL w'g aHof] ækm'nsf] y'Fuf au]/ uof]=======Æ. a'6sf]
cfjfh sf]7flt/ glhlsb} cfof] . 9f]sf v'Nof] . Pp6f l;kfxL
b]vfk¥of] . p;n] eGof] –æP dlxnf sd/]8 Û cfOh d]h/ ;fkn]
af]nfpg' ePsf] 5 .Æ
ægfO d hfGg, clxn] .Æ lnnfn] OGsf/ u/L .
æhfGg;, d]h/ ;fkn] af]nfpFbf hfGg eGg] ;'u'/sL aRrL ÛÆ otL
eGb} xft ;dft]/ l3;fb{} nUof] .
s]xL ;do kl5 ;ª;f/ xNnfpg] rLTsf/ ;'lgof]–æd/] afaf Û d/] Û
dnfO{ arfpgf]; cfdf Û afaf tkfO{ sxfF x'g'x'G5 < tkfOsL Kof/L 5f]/
LnfO{ zfxL ;]gfsf] xflsdn] xTof ug{ nfUbf ;Dd lsg cfpg' x'Gg <
d/] Û d/] Û ========Æ eGg] leqL x[bo b]lv lg:s]sf] cft{gfbn] 3/ k|
ltWjlgt eof] . Ps hgf JolSt s8s]sf] ;'lgof], æd'vdf ?dfn sf]r Û
s] x]/]sf] 5; <Æ
s]xL ;do kl5 cfjfh aGb eof] . jftfj/0fdf cgf}7f] ;Ggf6f
5fof] . ;a}lt/ s'g} k|sf/sf] zAb ;'lgPg . cfh ca ;'Tg kfOg] eof]
eGg] nfUof] ;a}nfO{ .
To;sf] sl/j Ps 306f kl5 pxL w'g aHof] . ;a}sf] d'6'df
cftªs 5fof] . o;j]nf kfnf] cfof] lht'sf] . hLt' dfly k'Ubf lnnf d/
L;s]sL lyO{ . d}nf] tGgfn] u'6'd'6' kf/]/ s'gfdf kmflnPsf] lyof] .
p;sf] ld88Lsf] lgnf] km'sf{ aflx/ lg:s]sf] lyof] . d]h/
afns[i0f ;f]kmfdf a;]/ 6]j'ndf v'66f /fv]/ ysfO{ df/L/x]sf] lyof] .
hLt'n] p;nfO{ ;To xl/ZrGb| 6]nL >[ªvnfdf b]lvg] r08fn h:t}
ePsf] sNKfgf u¥of] . x'g klg To;sf] ?Kf/ªu r08fn;Fu 7fofSs
ldNbYof] . hLt'nfO{ b]Vg ;fy s8s]/ eGof], aGb's k8s] h:t} æP

8. s's'/, eg Û t]/f]] 3/df s'g g]tf cfpF5 < s–s;sf] 3/df a}7s x'G5,
/ftL /ftL <Æ
hLt'n] cfkmgf] clGtd 38L cfPsf] dx;'; u¥of] . s]xL af]n]g .
p;n] ;f]Rof] …Tof] s]6LnfO{ d]h/n] df/L xfNof] . cem o;sf] wf]sf]
k'u]sf] 5}g . d}n] o;sf] s's[To yfxf kfO{ ;s]“ . o;n] dnfO{ cjZo
df5{ . dg'{ dg'{ o;nfO{ klg dfg{ kfP t slt ;Gtf]if x'GYof] . leqaf6
cf}8fx eP/ cfof] . t/ s;/L dfg{] < 3fF6L ;dft' eg] /fFuf]sf] uw{g
hqf] 5 . aGb's 5}g . b'O{j6f l;kfxLx? P;=Pn=cf/= ;dft]/ b'O{lt/
plePsf 5g .
æs] ;f]r]sf] 5; P ;'u'/ <Æ cfjfh ;Fu;Fu} Ps nft lk7o'Fdf
lxsf{of] d]h/n] . p 9'gd'lgb} csf{]lt/sf] ;f]kmfsf] v'66lt/ 9Nof]
5ftLsf] e/df . PsIf0f rf/}lt/ kx]nf] b]lvof] . lj:tf/} cfFvf
vf]Nbf ;f]kmfsf] tn Pp6f /utn] s6sl6Ps]f 5'/L b]Vof] . p;n] xft
tGsfP/ a]xf]; ePsf] clego ub{] 5'/L a];/L ;dfTof] . d'G6f] a6f/]/
d]h]/lt/ x]¥of] . p cfn:o dfGb} kmf]x/ ufnL ub{} ;f]kmfdf c8]; nfu]s}
lyof] . lht'n] hGd e/sf] cfqmf]; / zlSt lgsfNb} ljB't ultn] p7of]
/ d]h/nfO{ emlD6g k'Uof] . d]h/n] udL{ eP/ sldhsf] b'Oj6f a6g
vf]n]/ a;]sf] lyof] . ;Dk"0f{ zlStn] d]h/sf] 5ftLdf 5'/Lsf] df/ k¥of] .
hLt'n] cem} 5'/L 5f]8]g, a? z/L/sf] ;Dk"0f{ ef/ 5'/Ldf kfb{} 5'/L
w:b} /xof] . Pp6f /fIf;L lrTsf/ ;lxt d]h/n] k]:tf]n rnfof] . uf]nL
hLt'sf] k]6sf] jf/kf/ eof] . d]h/ klg 9'gd'lgb} ;f]kmaf6 e'Odf k5fl/
of] . hLt' csf{]lt/ 9Nof] . b'O{hgf l;kfxL cSs g aSs eO{ 6f]nfO /x]
.
lht'n] pHofnf] cg'xf/ nufpb} eGof] æalxgL lnnf Û ltd|f] xTof/
fnfO{ d}n] dfl/lbP“ . ltdL / d cj cGhfgd} zlxb x'g k'u]sf 5f}F .
ltd|f] k|]/0ff gkfPsf] eP of] hNnfbnfO{ d}n] dfg{ ;Sg] lyOg“ .Æ

9. olt eGb} ;Gtf]if k"j{s hLt'n] cfFvf lrlDnof] t/ p;sf] cf]7df
cem} d':sfg b]lvb} lyof] .
;dfKt
-@)^) ;fn rf}/hxf/L, ?s'd_
@= aGwsL
w'nfDd] / vfN6f v'N6L ePsf] sRrL ;8sdf k'/fgf] yf]qf] ;fOsn
u'8fpb} d clkm;af6 3/lt/ hfFb} lyP“ . bz jif{ klxn]
lsg]sf] ;fOsn r'O{r'O{ cfjfh lgsfnL/x]sf] lyof] . ;8sdf u'8]sf
6«ofS6/ / df]6/ ;fOsnn] p8fPsf] w'nf]sf] d':nf] cfFvf, sfg, gfs /
d'vdf kl;/x]sf] lyof] . Ps xftn] ;fOsnsf] Xofl08n ;dfn]/ csf{]
xftn] r'/f]6sf] ;sf{] tfGb} r'/f]6sf] w'Fjfdf ;8ssf] w'nf] lj;{g] c;kmn
k|of; ul//x]sf] lyP“ . clkm;af6 b'O{ lsnf]ld6/ sRrL ;8sdf
uPkl5 s/Lj Ps ;o ld6/ k/ v]tsf] lardf 3/ 5 d]/f] .
…6fonn] 5fPsf] k'/fgf] df6f]sf] 3/sf w]/} 6fonx? km'6L;s]sf
5g . jiff{b ;'? x'g s/Lj b'O{ dlxgf afFsL 5 . kf]x/ ;fnsf] jiff{df
Knfl:6sn] 5f]k]/ sfd rn]sf] xf] . o;kfnfsf] jiff{ 3/n] y]Unf h:tf] 5}
g . 3/af6 d'n ;8s ;Dd cfpg] Ps ;o ld6/ af6f]df klg
jiff{sf] ;dodf kfgL el/P/ sd/ ;Dd cfpF5 . To;df df6f]
eg{ kfP ;lhn} cfjthfjt ug{ ;lsGYof] . ;/sf/n] o;kfnL tnj /
fd|} a9fPsf] lyof] . clxn] 3/sf] 6fon abNg / 3/ cfufl8sf] af6f]df
df6f] xfNg ;lsG5 eGg] nfu]sf] lyof] . t/ ahf/ efp o;/L XjfTt}
a9of] ls 3/ rnfpg km]/L klg wf} wf} eof] . klxn] hfu]sf] cfzf lg/
fzfdf ablnof] . k|To]s lbgsf] vr{ TolTts} a9bf] 5 . t/sf/L, rfdn,
lrgL vfg]t]n, d66L t]nsf] efp a9]/ cfsf; 5f]O;Sof] . s;/L afFRg]
< 5f]/Lsf] ljjfx ug{] a]nf eO{ ;Sof] . 5f]/fsf] k9fO{sf] vr{ TolTts}

10. dxªuf] 5 . s;/L vr{ wfGg] xfnf < a8f] s7Lg hdfgf cfof] . s;}n]
b'O{ k};f pwf/f] lbb}Fg .Ú o:tf] s'/fx? dgdf v]nfpb} ;fOsn rnfpb}
hfFbf af6f]df sf] sf] e]l6P < df]6/;fOsn, 6«fS6/ sltj6f e]l6P <
af6f] s;/L sf6]/ cfFP < s]xL ;+emgf e}/x]sf] lyPg, PsfPs st}af6
cfPsf] rsf]{ cfjfhn] em;ªu ePF .
æstfjf6 xf], Ps axfb'/ hL <Æ
cfjfh cfPlt/ x]bf{ ljkl/t lbzflt/af6 k}bn lx8]/ d]/f ;fyL
sfnLaxfb'/ cfO/x]sf lyP . k|fylds ljbofno b]lv xfO:s'n ;Dd ;Fu}
k9]sf ;fyL . Ps} jif{ P;=Pn=;L= kf; u/]sf d]/f dLq P;=Pn=;L=
kf; u/]/ k9fO{ 5f]8]sf lyP . s]xL ;do k|fylds ljbofnosf lzIfs
e} 5f]8]/ Jofkf/df nfu]sf lyP . Jofkf/ lju|]kl5 s]xL ;do af}nfP
klg xfn /fhgLltdf nfu]/ ;k|]sf lyP . dgdf v';L nfUof] .
afNosfnsf ;fyL;Fu e]6 eP/ ;'vb'vsf s'/f ug'{ cfˆg} lsl;dsf]
cfgGb x'G5 . lg:jfy{ 3]63f6 x'G5, k'/fgf sIffsf ;xkf7Lx?;Fusf]
e]6 . em6k6 ;fOsnaf6 cf]n]{/ xft ldnfpFb} ;f]w] M
æstfaf6 cfpg' ef] sfnLaxfb'/ hL ÛÆ
b/f];Fu xft ldnfpFb} pgn] eg] æot}lt/ ufpFdf uPsf] lyPF .
b'O{ rf/ 7fpFdf hge]nfx? ul/of] . o:t} ;ªu7g lgdf{0f ub}{ clg
tkfOx? h:tf k'/fgf ;fyLx? vf]Hb} klg lxF8]sf] 5' . df}sfn] e]6 eof] .
cfpg'xf];, lrof k;ndf a;]/ ukm klg u/f}F, lrof klg lkpFm .Æ
dnfO{ klg Hofb} ef]s nfu]sf] lyof] . ljxfg gf} ah] vfPsf] d;'/
f]sf] bfn / eft o; a]nf ;Dd s] l6SYof] < lbp;f] lrof lkpg lg:Sof]
eg] b'O{÷rf/ hgf ;fyLx?nfO{ klg lrof v'jfpg' kb{5 . k|lt sk ;ft
?k}ofFn] klg tL;÷rfln; ?k}ofF t vr{ e}xfN5 . a? b'O{ lunf; kfgLn]
lbg u'hfg{ ;s]kl5 rfln; ?k}ofFsf ds} / e6df; lnof] eg] kfFr
hgfsf] kl/jf/nfO{ gf:tf x'g ;S5 . To;}n] lbpF;f]sf] gf:tf vfg
5f]8]sf] w]/} e};s]sf] lyof] . cfh k'/fgf ;fyLn] Ps lunf; lrof v'jfP
kl5 lsg gvfg] < olt ;f]Rb} pgsf] kl5 nfu“], w]/} k'/fgf] lx/

11. f] ;fOsn 8f]¥ofpFb} . s]xL ;do lx8]kl5 Pp6f ss{6 kftfn] cf]t]sf]
5fk|f]df lrof k;n lyof] . ToxL 5fk|f] leq k:of}F . ;fyLn] k;n
dflnsnfO{ cfb]z u/] æklxn] Ps Ps lunf; lr;f] kfgL, To; kl5
Ps Ps lunf; lrof / b'O{ b'O{ ;df];f lbg'xf]; .Æ
g]kfnuGh gu/sf] glhs} kg]{ Tof] ;fgf] ufpF, udL{ r/d
cj:yfdf lyof] . ss{6 kftf tflnP/ ttfPsf] tfjf h:tf] ePsf] lyof]
. tftf] /fkn] ubf{ a:g d'l:sn lyof] . kl;gf r'xfpFb} s'/fsf]
yfngL ;fyLn] g} u/] .
æ5f]/f5f]/L slt hgf 5g < sxfF k95g < slt slt sIffdf
k9b5g < slt slt pd]/sf 5g < efpHo"sf] dfOtL stf xf]nf <
dfuL ljjfx ls k|]d ljjfx < efpHo"sf bfh'efO{, lbbL alxgLx? slt
slt < ;f;" ;;'/f ;s'zn} < cfdf afa' stf x'g'x'G5 < 3/ slxn]
agfpg' eof] <Æ cflb cflb k|Zgx? ;f]w] . d}n] cg'zfl;t ljbofyL{n]
cfˆgf] lzIfsn] ;f]w]sf k|Zgsf] pTt/ lbP h:t} k|Zgsf pTt/ lbFb} uPF
. To; kl5 cfˆgf] klg a]nL lj:tf/ nufP .
æ5f]/f b'O{j6f, 7'nf] 5f]/f cfO{=P= k9]sf], kf6L{sf] ufpF
sldl6 ;b:o, a'xf/L klg kf6L{d} sfd ug]{, sfG5f] 5f]/f !)±@ df k9b}
u/]sf], 3/ agPsf] kfFr jif{ cl3 . rf/ sf]7fsf] kSsL Ps tn], kTgL
hfh/sf]6sL, k|]d u/]/ eufO{ NofPsf] 7s'/LsL 5f]/L cflb cflb eg]
kl5 pgsf l5d]sLn] /S;L lkP/ ug]{ u/]sf] xNnf, csf{ l5d]sLsL
>LdtL k/k'?if;Fu ;Ns]sf] s'/f, pg} l5d]sLsL 5f]/Lsf] c;kmn k|]d /
5f]/fsf] 8«u vfg] afgLÆ cflb s'/fx? u/] .
s'/fsfgLsf] qmddf xfdLn] lrof / ;df];f vfO{ ;s]sf lyof}F .
dLqn] k]m/L lrof dufP . pgn] cfˆgf] :jf:Yosf] s'/f, 3/ Jojxf/sf
s'/f, 5f]/f5f]/L, kTgL, kxf8sf] 3/, l5d]sL ;a}sf s'/f u/]kl5 /
fhgLltsf s'/f lgsfn] . clxn] gofF g]kfn lgdf{0f ug]{ qmddf hgtfsf]
7'nf] e"ldsf /x]sf]n] tkfO{sf] ;xof]usf] cfjZostf 5, tkfO{ xfdL b]z
/ hgtfsf ;d:ofx? a'emg] dfG5]x? b]z / hgtfsf] nflu hLpHofgn]

12. nfUg' k5{ eg] . pgsf s'/f 6'ªlug] s]xL st} nIf0f lyPg . k"j{sf]
hfkfg b]lv blIf0f clk|msf;Dd, O/fs / ckmuflg:tfg ;d:of, sf]l/
og k|folåksf] ;d:of, kmsNof08 6fk', dWok"j{sf] hfu/0f cfGbf]ng,
kn{ xfj/ 6fk'sf] ;d:of cflbsf] ljifodf atfP . xfnsf] dxfzlSt /
fi6« cd]l/sf cfpFbf] krf; jif{ leq c;kmn /fi6«df ktg x'g] /
To;j]nf ef/t, rLg / blIf0f clk|msf dxfzlSt /fi6«df kl/jt{g e}
ljZj lqw|'jLo x'g] k|jn ;Defjgf JoSt u/] .
dnfO{ crDd nfUof] . slt w]/} s'/fx? hfg]sf xf]nfg d]/f
dLqn] . ;fob ljZjsf 7'nf 7'nf g]tfg] klg olt hfg]sf 5}gg xf]nf .
pgsf] cufl8 d t ;fx|} c1fgL 7xl/P, ev{/ cIf/ lrGg yfn]sf]
afns h:tf] . cfk"mnfO{ t 3/ Jojxf/ s;/L rnfpg] eGg] s'/f ;f]Rb}
df slxNo} k'm;{b} ePg . cfh w]/} s'/f l;Sg klg kfOof], lrof klg
vfOof] . dg dgdf ;Gtf]if} nfu]sf] lyof] . lgs} hftL dflg; nfUof] .
ljbofno 5'6]kl5 o;/L ;Fu} a;]/ s'/fsfgL ul/Psf] lyPg .
ldqsf] s'/f 6'ªlubf ;fFemsf] ;ft ahL ;s]sf] lyof] . lrof k;n]
klg lbSs ePsf] lyof] xf]nf, k6s k6s x]b{Yof] . ltg ltg sk lrof /
rf/ rf/j6f ;df];f vfO;lsPsf] lyof] . d]/f] klg 3/df h?/L sfd
lyof], rfF8} hfg'kg]{, aNn kf] ;lDemg k'u“] . d]/f ldq sfnLaxfb'/ p7]/
;a} h]jx? 5fd]/ k};f /fv]sf] kz{ t stf v;]5, dnfO{ Ifdf
ug'{xf]nf . cfhnfO{ lrof gf:tfsf] k};f tkfO{n] ltg'{xf]nf . k]m/L s'g}
lbg d lt/f}Fnf . n t d uP“ eGb} xft ldnfP/ aflx/ lgl:sP clg
km6fkm6 lxFl8 klg xfn] .
d}n] s]xL eGg] ;do g} kfOg . pgL uPsf] lt/ x]l//x“] dfq .
lrof gf:tfsf] /sd aof;L ?k}ofF ePsf] /x]5 . cfk"m;Fu s]jn rfln;
?k}ofF dfq lyof] . ToxL rfln; ?k}ofF lgsfn]/ k;n]nfO{ lbFb} ljGtL u/]
æ;fx'hL, d ;Fu clxn] olt dfq 5, of] lng'xf]; . afFsL k};f ef]nL
cflkm; hfFbf lbg]5' .Æ

13. ;fx'n] hªlub} eGof] æk};f gx'g] dfG5]n] tLg÷tLg sk lrof /
rf/ rf/ j6f ;df];f lsg vfg] < Ps÷Ps sk lrof vfP x'Fb}gYof] <
xf]6ndf a;]/ tLg 306f;Dd lsrlsr s'/f ug]{, c? klg u|fxs
cfpF5g, 7fpF 5f]8g'k5{ eGg] s'/f klg g;f]Rg] . clxn] k};f 5}g eGg] <
v'?Ss k};f lgsfNgf]; .Æ
d}n] k]m/L cg'go u/] æ;fyLn] lrof vfpF eg] . cfk}m k};f b]nfg
eGg] ;f]r]“ . k'/fgf ;Fu} k9]sf ;fyL;Fu e]6 ePkl5 lrof lkpg hfp“
eGbf hfGg s;/L eGg] < pgn] o:tf] Jojxf/ unf{g eg]/ ;f]Flrg . d]/
f] ToxL uNtL eof] . d j]dfg ug]{ dfG5] xf]Og . cfh;Dd s;}sf]
Ps ;'Ssf 7u]sf] 5}g . a? Ps 5fs ef]s} a;]sf] 5' . tkfOsf] k};f
ltg]{5' . dnfO{ hfg lbg'xf]; .Æ
p;n] dfg]g . b]jL b]jtfsf] gfddf s;d vfFbf klg 5f]8]g .
cGtdf aofln; ?k}ofFsf] nflu cfˆgf] bz jif{ b]lv r9b} cfPsf] k'/fgf]
lx/f] ;fOsn aGwsL /fv]/ sl7g kfOnf rfNb} 3/lt/ nfu]F .
@)^* df3
$= cfj/0f
ev{/} alKtid kfPsf gj lqmlZrogx?n] rr{sf] xn el/e/fp
lyof] . h]i7 dlxgfsf] udL{n] g]kfnuGh zx/sf] a;kfs{sf] glhs} /x]sf]
To; xnsf] 5t tftf] eP/ kªvfx?n] tftf] xfjf kmfln/x]sf lyP . ;a}
sf] hLpaf6 tktk kl;gf r'lx/x]sf] lyof] t/ eSthgx? udL{sf] kjf{x
gu/L k|jrg ;'Ggdf dUg lyP dfgf} k/d]Zj/sf] k|tfkn] pgLx?
nfO{ udL{af6 arfPsf] xf]; . lxpF h:tf] ;]tf] kf]zfsdf kmfb/ OGb|
s'df/ ;flRrs} b]jb"t h:t} b]lvPsf lyP . pgsf] cg'xf/ wkSs
an]sf] lyof] . pgn] o;/L k|jrg lbO /x]sf lyP dfgf}F pgL k|e'
O{z' ;Fu a;]/ ;a} s'/f cfk}mn] k|ToIf b]v]sf lyP . pgL elg/x]sf lyP

14. æofO/; gfp u/]sf ;ef3/sf zf;sn] cfkmgL PSnL 5f]/L
dg{ nfu]sf]n] cfˆgf] 3/df uO lbgsf nflu k|e' O{z'nfO{ ljlGt ul/ /
x]sf lyP . To;}j]nf Pshgf JolSt cfP/ eGof] k|e'nfO{ si6 lbg' kb}{g
lsgls s]6L d/L ;s]sL 5] . k|e'n] eGg' eof], g8/fp s]an ljZjf;
u/, Tof] lgsf] x'g]5 . ofO/;sf] 3/df uP/ k|e"n] d/]sL s]6Lsf]
xft ;dft]/ eGg' eof] …d]/L 5f]/L p7 .Ú To;sf] k|f0f kmSof]{ / Tof] t'?
Gt} p7L .Æ
kmfb/n] s;/L k|e' O{z'n] s'i6 /f]u nfu]sf] dflg;sf] /f]u lgsf]
kfg'{ eof], s;/L kIff3ft ePsf] JolStnfO{ lgsf] kfg'{ eof], s;/L
ljwjfsf] d]/]sf] 5f]/fnfO{ lhjLt agfpg' eof] eGg] s'/f lgs}
efjk"0f{ tl/sfn] atfP . …pxfF d/]sf] tLg lbgdf k]m/L ljptg' eof] .
pxfF k/dfTd k/d]Zj/sf k'q ePsf]n] pxfF hLljt gbL x'g' x'G5 .Ú
pgn] eg] . pgsf] k|jrgn] dflg;x? dGqd'Uw x'Gy] . afFs] lhNnf e/L
O{zfO wd{ dfGg] dflg;x?sf] ;ªVof al9 /x]sf] lyof] . rr{df k|fy{gf
ug{ cfpg] dflg;x? lbg lbg} al9 /x]sf lyP . …kmfb/ OGb| s'df/
rdTsf/L 5g, pgL cfsfzdf p8g ;S5g, cGt/Wofg x'g ;S5g,
pgn] 5f]P kl5 h:tf] ;'s} /f]u klg lgsf] x'G5Ú eGy] dflg;x? .
cfh eGbf bz jif{ cl3 lqmlZrog wd{ ckgfPsf OGb| s'df/
zdf{n] cfhef]nL zdf{ n]Vg 5f]8]sf lyP . pgsf] ;lqmotfdf w]/}
7fpFdf ehg d08nLx? :yfkgf ePsf lyP . k|To]s zlgjf/ ehg
d08nLdf hfg', gofF JolStx?nfO{ jlKtidf lbP/ lqmlZrog wd{df k|
j]z u/fpg', gofF gofF ehg d08nLx? :yfkgf ug'{, lqmlZrog wd{df
k|j]z u/]sf JolStx?nfO{ ljleGg ;xof]ux? h'6fpg' pgsf sfo{x?
lyP . bz jif{d} pgsf] cWoog, wd{ k|ltsf] lgi7f, cfbz{ rl/q,
OdfGbfl/tf, dfgj ;]jf, lgZkIftf, lqmoflzntf h:tf u'0fx?n]
ubf{ pgsf] b]z leq 7'nf] rrf{ rn]sf] lyof] . pgnfO{ ;flRrs} k|e' O{z'
klg eGg yfn]sf lyP, sltn] .

15. skf; h:t} ;]tf] kf]zfs nufP/ ;8sdf lxF8bf dflg;x?
>bwfn] lz/ e'msfpFy] . pgsf] kfpdf k/]/ k|e' bof ug'{xf]; eGby] .
kmfb/ klg b'j} xftn] eStnfO{ ;dft]/ p7fpFy] / eGy] æafa' zfGt
xf]pm, k/d]Zj/n] ;a} s'/f 7Ls ug'{x'G5 .Æ
pgL /ftf] 6Lsf nufpg', d'tL{ k"hf ug'{, cfkmGtx? dbf{ h'7f]
afg'{, lsl/of ug'{, b;}F ltxf/ h:tf] rf8kj{x? dgfpg' 7"nf]
kfk ;DemGy], To;}n] lxGb' wd{ dfGg] cfkmgf cfdf afa' / cfkmGtsxfF
hfb}gy] . lxGb'x?;Fu ;DaGw /fVg' eg]sf] ;}tfgnfO{ v';L kfg'{ xf] eGy]
pgL . pgsf] k|jrg nuftf/ rln/x]sf] lyof] . pgn] elg/x]sf lyP
æO{zfk"j{ $))$ df k/d]Zj/n] o; a|Xdf08sf] /rgf ug'{eof] .
hLjhGt'x?sf] /rgf ug'{eof] . cfbd eGg] klxnf] dfgjsf] lgdf{0f
ug'{ eof] clg cfbdsf] b]a|] s/ªuaf6 xAaf eGg] :qLsf] klg /rgf
ug'{eof] . b'j}nfO{ :ju{sf] au}rf O8gdf 5f]l8lbg' eof] .==============
cflb cflb .Æ
ækmfb/, xfd|f] lj1fg k9fpg] ;/n] t k[YjLsf] pTklTt ePsf] rf/
c/a ;f7L s/f]8 jif{ eof] eGg'x'G5 .Æ Ps hgf s]6fn] p7]/ eGof] .
;a} eSthgx?n] s]6fnfO{ ufnL u/] . …k|e'sf] s'/f sf6g' x'Fb}g,
k/d]Zj/n] b08 lbg'x'G5 . pxfF k/d]Zj/sf b"t x'g'x'G5 . ltdLnfO{ s]
yfxf < a9L hfGg] gxf]pÚ eg]/ r'k nfUg eg] .
s]6fsf] gfd ljdn lyof] . sf/sfFbf] lt/ 3/ lyof] . wDaf]emL pRr
df=lj=df sIff ( df k9Yof] . sIffdf ;w}F k|yd x'g] ub{Yof] . p;n]
kmfb/sf] s'/f ljZjf; ug{ ;s]g . k/d]Zj/n] dflg; agfpg' eof] eg]
lsg lj1fg k9fpg] ;/n] dflg;sf] ljsf; afFb/af6 ePsf] lyof]
eg]sf xf]nfg < p;n] cfkmgf] v'Nb'nL d]6fpg km]/L h'?Ss p7]/ s/fof]
ækmfb/ dflg; t afFb/af6 ljsf; ePsf] xf]Og / <Æ
kmfb/n] s]6flt/ cf}nf b]vfpb} eg] æafOandf n]v]sf] s'/f sxL
em'6f] x'G5 < oxfF ;}tfgn] cfkmgf] b"t k7fPsf] 5 . To;nfO{ aflx/
k7fpg'xf]; . gq eg] xfdL ;a}nfO{ k/d]Zj/n] cjZo b08 lbg'x'g]5 .Æ

16. b'O{hgf alnof JolStn] s]6fnfO{ l3Rofpb} aflx/ lgsfln lbP .
kmfb/sf] k|jrg rln g} /xof] .
ljdnnfO{ lsg xf] kmfb/ OGb|s'df/sf] s'/fdf ljZjf; nflu/x]sf]
lyPg . d/]sf] JolSt km]/L ljplemg ;S5 eGg] s'/f afOandf sxfF
n]v]sf] xf]nf < To:tf] em'6f] s'/f . olt w]/} dflg;x? em'6f] s'/f ;'g]/
klg k|Zg lsg ub{}gg < pN6} k|Zg ;f]Wg] dfG5]nfO{ ufnL u5{g . s]
crDd xf] < p;n] kmfb/;Fu Pp6f afOan dfu]/ k9g] ljrf/ u¥of] .
p ;fFemkv kmfb/sf] cfjf;df uof] . kmfb/sf] cfjf; rr{ eGbf s]xL
k/ sDkfp08 ;lxtsf] 7"nf] b'O{tn] 3/df lyof] . ToxfF dfG5]sf]
cfjthfjt eO/xGYof] . leq k:bf kl/ro kq b]vfpg' kYof]{ . ;fFem
cf7 ah] b]lv ljxfg kfFr ah];Dd s;}nfO{ klg leq k|j]z ug{ lbOb}
gYof] . ljdn ;fFem kfFr ah] lt/ ToxfF hfFbf u]6kfn]n] leq k:g lbPg
. p sDkfp08sf] rf/}lt/ 3'Dbf 3/sf] k5fl8 k66L kvf{nsf] cf8df
Pp6f cfFksf] ?v lyof] . ToxL ?vsf] ;xf/faf6 kvf{ndf r9]/ leq
s'bof] . aflx/ sf]xL dfG5] lyPg . leq sf]7fdf eg] dflg; af]n]sf],
xfF;]sf] ;'lgGYof] . Pp6f sf]7fdf leq dflg; af]n]sf] ;'g]/ 9f]sf 9s
9s kf¥of] t/ s;}n] 9f]sf vf]n]g . emofnaf6 leq x]bf{ cfkmg} sIffsL
Pp6L s]6L kmfb/;Fu a;]sf] b]Vof] . p km]/L 9f]sf 9s9s kfg{ yfNof] .
kmfb/ OGbs'df/ aflx/ lg:s]/ æsf] xf] <Æ egL s/fP .
æxh"/ d afOan dfUg cfPsf], ljdn .Æ p;n] eGof] .
kmfb/ s8lsg yfn] æ8]le8, cf] 8]le8 Û of] stfaf6 cfof] < s]
x]5f}{ ltdLx? <Æ
Pp6f cUnf], sfnf] dflg; cfP/ ljdnnfO{ Ps yKk8 nufof],
clg n5f/ k5f/ kfb{} u]6aflx/ lgsfNof] . kfn]nfO{ ufnL u¥of] . kfn]n]
cfkm'n] of] s]6fnfO{ klxn] g} k:g glbPsf] eGof] . ljdnnfO{ ca b]vf
kl/; eg] lhpFbf] hfFb}g; eg]/ r]tfjgL lbof] .

17. ef]lnkN6 :s'n uPkl5 ljdnn] Tof] s]6LnfO{ PsfGtdf
af]nfP/ ;f]Wof]–æsdnf, ltdL, lxhf] ;fFem kmfb/sf] cfjf;df uPsL
lyof} <Æ
æcxF, uPsL lyOg, lsg / <Æ
ædnfO{ afOan rflxPsf] lyof], ltdL ToxfF hfg] eP km]/L hfFbf
NofOlbGYof} ls eg]/ .Æ
æxf]Og , d ToxfF lsg hfg] < uPsL lyOg .Æ
b'a} sIffdf uP . ljdnnfO{ kmfb/k|lt emg ;+sf nfUg yfNof] .
kmfb/sf] ultljlw dfly lgu/fgL /fVg yfNof] . kmfb/ Tolt 7'nf] 3/df
a:5g . aflx/ lg:sbf sf/df lg:sG5g . 7'nf7'nf dflg; ;Fu pgsf]
lrghfg, p7a; 5 . pgsf] cl3kl5 ;w}F dflg;x?sf] eL8 x'G5 .
lhNnfsf 7'nf7'nf g]tf, xflsdx? klg pgL b]lv 8/fpF5g . of] dflg;
olt zlStzfnL s;/L eof] < crDd lyof] . kf]k j]g]l8S6;Fu l;w}
pgsf] 6]lnkmf]g aftf{ x'G5 eGy] dflg;x? .
kmfb/n] s'g} dflg;nfO{ b'v kbf{ e]6 u5{g, cfly{s ;xof]u klg
u5{g . sf]xL lj/fdL kbf{ lgz'Ns cf}iflw pkrf/ ug{], xl:k6n k'¥ofpg]
/ yk pkrf/sf] Joj:yf ug]{ u5{g . c88f cbfntdf s'g} ;d:of
k¥of] eg] dflg;x? kmfb/ OGb|s'df/nfO{ u'xfg{ k'U5g . pgsf] Pp6f
kmf]gsf] e/df sfd x'G5 . o;/L o; If]qdf pgL otL nf]sk|Lo ePsf
lyP ls pgsf] lj?4 af]Ng] dflg;nfO{ c?x?n] Hofg} lng j]/ nfpb}
gy] . ljdn aRrf ePsf]n] ar]sf] lyof] . 3/3/df pgsf] :jf:Yosf]
sfdgf x'GYof], k|fy{gf x'GYof] . cGo wd{sf dflg;x? wd{ kl/jt{g ul//
x]sf lyP .
dflg;sf 3/3/df, ul/asf e'mkl8x?df, hxfF klg kmfb/ OGb|
s'df/nfO{ b]Vg ;lsGYof] . s'i6/f]u / 6L=aL=sf lj/fdLx?sf
nflu ;Nnfx lbg] / c:ktfn k'¥ofpg ;xof]u ug{] Ph]G6x? ufpF
ufpFdf lyP . dfgf} g]kfn uGh gu/ / o;sf j/k/sf ufpFx?df k|e'
Oz'sf] k'gh{Gd ePsf] 5 . pgnfO{ dflg;x? k/d]Zj/s} cjtf/ dfGg

18. yfn]sf lyP . ufpF3/df hfFbf dflg;x? pgsf] kfpdf 3f]K6f] k/]/
cflzjf{b dfUy] . kmfb/sf] ;]jf efjaf6 ;a} a'blwhLjL, kqsf/,
sd{rf/L, k|zf;sx?, g]tfx?, lzIfs, Jofkf/L cfZro{rlst lyP . of]
gu/df pgn] u/]]sf] dfgj;]jf ljZjs} gd"gf ag]sf] lyof] . pgn]
lqml:rog wd{ dfGg] JolStx?nfO{ yk k|lzIf0fsf nflu o'/f]k / cd]l/
sf k7fpg] uy{] . sltnfO{ ljleGg b]zdf /f]huf/Ldf klg nufPsf lyP
. tL ;a}sf] ljj/0f lyof], pgL;Fu . Tof] ljj/0f k|jrgsf] ;dodf
pbfx/0fsf ?kdf JoSt ub{y] . To:tf] dxfg JolStaf6 s]xL uNtL,
sdhf]/L x'G5 eGg] s'/f s;n] ljZjf; ug{ ;S5 < k/d]Zj/n] a?
slxn]sfFxL s]xL g/fd|f] unf{g t/ kmfb/sf] xftaf6 s;}sf] s'enf] x'Fb}g
/ x'g]5}g eGg] s'/fdf dflg;x?df k"0f{ ljZjf; lyof] .
zlgjf/sf] lbg lyof] . kmfb/ OGb| s'df/ rr{df e]nf ePsf
eStx?sf] cfufl8 lxpF emF} 6lNsg] ;]tf] jZqdf dGrdf plePsf lyP ,
dfgf}F ;fIfft k/d]Zj/ g} :ju{af6 cf]n]{sf x'g . pgsf] skfn / bf/
Lh'ªuf sfnf / nfdf lyP . r:dfsf] dflyaf6 x]/]sf lyP . cUnf] /
ul7nf] vfOnfUbf] z/L/ lyof] . pgsf] k5fl8sf] leTtfdf O{zfdl;xsf]
qm;df 6fluPsf] 7"nf] tl:j/ em'l08Psf] lyof] . pgL k|lzIf0f lbO/x]sf
lyP, æk|e' Oz'n] eGg'eof] …x]/ d rfF8} cfpFb}5', d]/f] Ogfd dl;t 5 /
d k|To]snfO{ p;n] u/]sf] sfdcg';f/ lbg]5' . d cNkmf / cf]d]uf 5' .
d bfpbsf] d"n / ;Gtfg, clg ljxfgsf] rlDsnf] tf/f 5' . d hLljt
gbL x'F, h;n] hLljt gbLsf] kfgL lkp5, p km]/L ltvf{pg' kg{] 5}g .
To;}n] tkfO{x? ;a}n] k|e'sf] ;'–;dfrf/ k|To]s JolStsf] 3/df
k'¥ofpg'xf]; , tkfO{x? ;a} OZj/sf] /fHodf k|j]z kfpg' x'g]5 .Æ
;a}n] cfldg cfldg eg] .
k|jrg ;'Gg ljdn klg uPsf] lyof] . k|jrg ;lsPkl5 ;a} cf–
cfkmgf] 3/lt/ nfu] . ljdn glhs} cDafsf] af]6df r9]sf] lyof] .
kmfb/ ;aeGbf kl5 sf/df cfP . ljdnn] piff eGg] csL{ s]6L sf/df
kmfb/;Fu a;]/ hfFb} u/]sf] b]Vof] . ef]nL kN6 piffnfO{ e]6]/ eGof]–

19. æpiff, s] ltdL lxhf] rr{df uPsL lyof} .Æ
æuPsL lyP“, lsg <Æ
æk|jrg ;lsPkl5 sxfF uof} <Æ
æ3/lt/ uPsL lyP“ .Æ
æltdLnfO{ d}n] kmfb/;Fu sf/df uPsf] b]v]sf] lyP . xf] ls xf]Og,
g9f6L eg t ÛÆ
ægx'g] s'/f gu/ . d sxfF kmfb/;Fu hfg] <Æ
b'a} 3/lt/ nfu] . ljdnn] slxn] sf], slxn] sf] w]/} slnnf
s]6Lx? kmfb/sf] sf/df a;]/ uPsf] b]Vg] ub{Yof] . of] s'/f c?
NffO{ eGbf s;}n] jf:tf ub{}gy] . kmfb/;Fu sf]xL hfFb}df g/fd|f] ;f]Rg
klg ;lsb}gYof] . pgsf] ;a}df bofb[li6 ;dfg lyof] . s]6Lx?
NffO{ ;f]Wof] eg] kmfb/;Fu uPsf] s'/f eGb}gy] . ljdnnfO{ eg] kmfb/ k|
lt c;fWo ;ªsf nfUg] ub{Yof] . t/ s] ug{] < s;}nfO{ egf} eg] k|
e'nfO{ b'j{rg af]n]sf] eg]/ s'6]/ df5{g dflg;x? . afFs] lhNnfsf
ljleGg 7fpFx?af6 s]6Lx? x/fPsf] ;dfrf/ cfpFYof] . k'ln;sxfF l/kf]6{
btf{ x'GYof] . k'ln;n] cg';Gwfg ub{Yof] t/ x/fPsf s]6Lx? km]nf
kfg{ ;Sb}gYof] . s]xL lbgkl5 Tof] s'/f x/fpFb} hfGYof] . kqsf/x?n]
tL s'/fx? lj;{Gy] . o:t}df Pslbg sdnf eGg] s]6L x/fPsf] xNnf
eof] . Tof] sxfF uO{ s;}n] yfxf kfPg . k'ln;sxfF l/kf]6{ btf{ eof] .
k'ln;n] s]xL lbg vf]Hof], km]nf kf/]g . of] s'/f s]xL lbgkl5 TolTts}
x/fof] t/ s]6L eg] ;w}Fsf] nflu x/fO{ .
oL s'/fx?df kmfb/sf] g} xft 5 eGg]df ljdnnfO{ ljZjf; lyof] .
c? dflg;x? eg] c? g} s]6L a]Rg] lu/f]x 5 egL ljZjf; ub{y] . Tof]
lu/f]x ef/tLox?sf] xf]nf elg ;a} ef/tLo d"nsf JolStx?;Fu
ql;t /xGy]F . ljdnn] k'gM Ps k6s piffnO{ e]6]/ s'/f ug{] ljrf/
u¥of] . Ps lbg piffnfO{{ eGof]], æpiff ltdL g9f6L eg t, ltdL Tof]
lbg kmfb/sf] ufl8df uPsL lyof} ls lyOgf} <Æ

20. piffn] l/;fpb} egL, æljdn ltdL af}Nffpg t nfu}gf} < d sxfF
kmfb/sf] uf8Ldf hfg] < of] s'/f kmfb/sxfF k'Uof] eg] pxfFn] s] ;f]Rg'
xf]nf < c? dflg;n] ltdLnfO{ afFsL /fVg] 5}gg . pxfF h:tf] b]jtfnfO{
;ªsf ug{] < ca b]lv o:tf] s'/f gu/ d l;t . d ;xGg a'emof} <Æ
ljdn ghjfkm eof] . p;nfO{ cfkmg} cfFvfsf] bf]if xf]nf, e|d
k/]sf] xf]nf eGg] nfUof] . t/ sdnf stf x/fO{ < of] s'/f kTtf nufpg
dg nfUof] p;nfO{ . cfhef]ln ljdnnfO{ oxL s'/fn] vfO/x]sf] lyof] .
k9g klg dg nfUb}gYof] . Tof] yfOs6 skfn ePsL uf]/L /
snsnfpbL sdnf eGg] s]6Lsf] cg'xf/ p;sf] cfFvfdf gfFRg yfNbYof]
. ;w}F sIffdf bf];|f] a]Grdf a:g] uyL{ . slxn] sfFxL ul0ftsf k|Zgx?
ljdn;Fu ;f]Wg] ub{YoL . kmfb/sf] sf]7fdf p;n] b]v]sf] ;fFRr} h:tf]
nfUof] t/ e|d eP h:tf] klg nfUof] . To;/L st} hfg] pd]/ klg
ePsf] lyPg . rl/q klg t To:tf] lyPg . p;n] kmfb/nfO{ g} zªsf
ug{ nfUof] .
p;n] dlxgf} k|of; ubf{ aNn tLg hgf ljZjf;
ug{ ;lsg] ;fyLx? agfof] . tL tLghgfdf p;s} sIffsf xl/, lzj, /
cd/ lyP . tL tLghgf Ps lbg ;fFem kv ahf/af6 3/lt/ cfpFb}
ubf{ b'Ohgf s]6Lx? kmfb/sf] ufl8af6 cf]n{]sf] b]v]F, h;df
Pshgf /]vf gfdsL cd/sL dg kg{] ;fyL lyO{ . of] s'/f
ljdnnfO{ eGg' k5{ eg]/ ljdnsxfF uP . ljdnn] w]/} k6s o:t} 36gf
b]v]sf] x'gn] rf/hgfdf ldqtf eof] . rf/} hgfn] kmfb/sf] lrof] rrf{]
ug{] lgwf] u/] .
Ps lbg ;fFem kv k'gM piffnfO{ kmfb/sf] uf8Laf6 cf]ln{b} u/]sf]
b]Vof], ljdnn] . Tof] ;]tf] af]n]/f] uf8L ;lhn} lrGg ;lsGYof] . uf8L
kms{]kl5 piff km6fkm6 3/lt/ xflgO{ . ljdnn] bf}l8b} uP/ piffsf] af6f]
5]Sof] / s8f :j/df eGof]–æpiff, ltdL cfh daf6 kG5]/ hfg ;lSbgf}
. nf} eg ltdL sxfFaf6 cfof} <Æ
æd hxfFaf6 cfpF, ltdLnfO{ s] rf;f] <Æ

21. ædnfO{{ rf;f] 5, rfF8} eg .Æ
æd]/f] af]6f] 5f]8, d s/fO{ lbG5' .Æ
æd klg ;a};Fu s/fpFb} lx85', piff kmfb/;Fu ;w}F 3'Dg hfG5]
eg]/ .Æ
æltdL;Fu s] k|df0f 5 < ltd|f] s'/f s;n] kTofpF5 <Æ
æd}n] ev{/ kmfb/sf] uf8Laf6 cf]n{]sf] b]v]F, oxL xf] k|
df0f . ;a};Fu eGb} lx8of] eg] s;}n] cj:o kTofpnf .Æ
piff l;lyn eO{ . g/d eP/ egL –æljdn emu8f gu/, clxn]
dnfO{ l9nf eO;Sof], 3/ hfg b]p . d csf{] lbg ltdL;Fu s'/f u?
Fnf .Æ
æTo;f] eG5of} eg] d klg dfG5' .Æ ljdnn] olt eGb} af6f]
5f]l8lbof] .
To;sf] b'O lbg kl5 PsfGtdf ljdnnfO{ e]6]/ piffn] egL–æx]/
ljdn, dnfO{ 7"nf] cK7]/f]df kfb{}5f} . d Tof] lbg kmfb/sf] cfjf;af6}
cfPsL lyP“ . of] s'/f s;}nfO{ gegL b]p x} . gq eg] ca kmfb/n]
dnfO{ slxn] klg ;xof]u ug'{ x'g] 5}g .Æ
ækmfb/n] ltdLNfO{ s] ;xof]u u/]sf 5g / <Æ
æw]/} ;xof]u ug'{ x'G5 k|e'n] . d lj/fdL x'Fbf k6s k6s d]/f] 3/
df uP/ cf}iflw pkrf/ u/fpg' eof] . k|To]s k6s k};fsf] cfjZos
kbf{ d ToxfF hfG5' . pxfFn] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;xof]u ug'{x'G5 .
pxfFaf6 w]/}n] ;xof]u kfPsf 5g . Tof] lbg klg d}n] sk8f lsGgsf
nflu s]xL /sd dfu]sL lyP“ . pxfFsf] cfb]z 5 ls of] s'/f s;}
nfO{ eGg' x'Fb}g . eg]sf] yfxf ePdf csf{] k6s ;xof]u ug{'x'g] 5}g .Æ
æltdLn] clxn] ;Dd sltk6s ?k}of kfof}F < hDdf slt /sd
eof] <Æ
æcf}iflw pkrf/, cGo ;xof]u u/]/ kGw| aL; xhf/ ;Dd eof]
xf]nf .Æ

22. æof] s'/f ltd|f] 3/df yfxf 5 <Æ
æ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 .Æ
ækmfb/n] af]nfP kl5 hfG5of} ls cfkmF} hfG5of}F <Æ
æclxn] ;Dd d cfkm}F uPsL 5' . pxfF 3/d} cfP/ klg ;xof]u
ug'{ x'G5 . t/ cfpFbf] zlgjf/ ;fFem pxfFn] dnfO{ af]nfpg' ePsf] 5 .
Tof] s'/f klg s;}nfO{ geGg] cfb]z 5 .Æ
æx]/ piff, w]/} s]6Lx? x/fPsf 5g . sdnf x/fP b]lv d w]/} b'MvL
5' . sdnfnfO{ kmfb/sf] cfjf;df b]v]sf] lyPF d}n] . ;f]w]sf] klg lyPF .
p;n] xf]Og eg]/ 6f/]sL lyO{ . t/ To;sf] b'O{ dlxgf leq Tof] x/fO{ .
ltdLnfO{ klg kmfb/n] a]rL b]nfg . zlgjf/ uPkl5 3/df eg]/ hfp,
ToxfF /ftL gj;, ufl8df /fv]/ ?k}l8xflt/ lng yfNof] eg] hfGg eg]/
3/ kms{ ,Æ
æpxfF h:tf] b]jtfaf6 To:tf] sfd x'g} ;Sb}g . ltdLn] To:tf]
zªsf gu/ .Æ
olt s'/f ePkl5 b'a} cf–cfkmgf] 3/lt/ nfu] . ljdnn] cfkmgf
ltg}hgf ;fyL;Fu of] s'/f eGof] . Tof] zlgjf/ s] ug{] eg]/ 5nkmn u/]
. rf/}hgfn] zlgjf/ ;fFem kmfb/sf] cfjf;sf] lgu/fgL ug{] lgwf] u/] .
lglZrt lbg cfPkl5 rf/}hgf ;fyLx? ;fFem kfFr ah]lt/ kmfb/
sf] cfjf;lt/ hfg] af6f]df kg{] lrofk;n, skfn sf6g] 7fpF h'Ttf
6fNg] 7fpF, ljleGg axfgf ub{] 6xNg yfn], s;}n] zªsf gug{] u/L .
kfFr ah]b]lv s]6Lx? cfpg yfn] . ;fFem ;Dd /]vf, piff nufot *
hgf s]6Lx?, sf]xL k}bn, sf]xL uf8Ldf cfO;s]ssf lyP . u]6af6
s]6Lx? leq uPsf] b]v] t/ aflx/ sf]xL klg cfPgg . cl3kl5 /
ftkg'{ cl3 g} s]6Lx?nfO{ 3/df k'¥ofpg] ul/Gyf] t/ cfh /ft
kbf{ ;Dd s'g} klg s]6L aflx/ lg:s]sf] b]lvPg . ljdnn] tLghgf
s]6fx?nfO{ ToxL lgu/fgL ug{ 5f]8]/ k|x/L sfof{nodf uof] . k|x/L
sfof{nodf b]v]sf] ;a} s'/f atfpFbf klg pN6} p;nfO{ ufln u/]/
k7fOof] .

23. ljdn kms]{/ k]ml/ ;fyLx? ePsf] 7fpFdf uof] . /ftsf] bz
ah]lt/ Pp6f uf8L cfP/ kmfb/sf] cfjf; leq k|j]z u¥of] . ljdn
glhs}sf] cfFksf] ?vdf r9of] . uf8Laf6 $ hgf x66fs66f JolStx?
lgl:sP . tL dflg;x?n] s]xL af]/fx? uf8Ldf /fVg nfu] . ljdn k]m/L
bf}8]/ k|x/L sfof{no uof] . p;n] kmfb/sf] cfjf;df rf]/x? k|j]z
u/]sf] atfof] . Tof] ;'g]kl5 xtf/ xtf/ k|x/Lx? Totf nfu] .
k|x/L 6f]nL kmfb/sf] cfjf;df k'Ubf uf8L u]6af6 aflx/ lg:sg}
nfu]sf] lyof] . k|x/Ln] uf8L /f]s]/ To;df /x]sf JolStx?
nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnof] . kmfb/sf] cfjf;nfO{ rf/}lt/af6 3]/f
xfln ;lsPsf] lyof] . uf8Ldf vfgtnf;L ubf{ kfFr af]/f r/; / a]xf];
kfl/Psf * hgf s]6Lx? e]l6P . ltgLx?nfO{ xl:k6n n}hfg] Joj:yf
ul/of] . aNn kmfb/ OGb| s'df/nfO{ of] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L eof] . p;n] k|
x/Lx?nfO{ …ljgf sf/0f lsg cfPsf] egLÚ s8lsof] .
…tkfO{sf] 3/df rf]/ k;]sf] eGg] va/ kfP/ cfPsf] t/ oxfF cs}
{ s'/f e]l6Psf]n] tkfO{sf] cfjf; vfgtnf;L lng' kg]{ eof]Ú egL k|x/Ln]
hfgsf/L u/fof] .
kmfb/n] /f]Sbf /f]Sb} k|x/L 6f]nL leq k:of] . leq cfjf;sf] vfg tnf;L
ubf{ s]xL r/;sf kfs]6x?, a|fpg ;'u/sf] Ps af]/f, cfOdfO{sf
kf]zfsx?, ljleGg sfuhkqx? k'ln;n] hkmt u¥of] . To;df ljleGg
ck/fwL ;d"xsf kmf]g gDa/x?, dxTTjk"0f{ uf]Ko ;"rgfx? k|fKt eP .
Tof] 3/ wd{sf] cfj/0fdf dfgj t:s/L / nfu' cf}iflwsf] s]Gb| /x]sf] k|
dfl0ft eof] . kmfb/ OGb|s'df/ ;lxt ;ft JolSt k|qmfp k/] . b'O{ j6f
uf8L, tLgj6f df]6/ ;fOsnx? klg k|x/Ln] hkmt u¥of] .
%= ;l/tfsf] ljx]
æ;l/tf, P ;l/tf ÛÆ

24. æxh'/ j'jf ÛÆ
æotf cfOh t gfgL Û tF ;Fu Pp6f ;Nnfx ug'{ 5 .Æ
æx'G5 a'jf, eGg'xf]; g Û s] s'/f xf] <Æ
æx]/ gfgL tF ca klRr; jif{ k'lu ;ls; Û t]/f] ljjfx ug]{ pd]/
hfg nflu ;Sof] . t]/f] lbbLsf] aLz jif{s} pd]/df ljjfx ePsf] lyof] .
t]/f] k9fO klg ;lsO ;Sof] . lzIfs ePsf] klg tLg jif{ k'Ug
nflu;Sof] . hfGg] a'emg] t}F 5]; . ca t hf]/L kf/Ln] klg a'9L sGof
eGg yfnL ;s]F . tLg jif{ b]lv t]/f] pd]/ afO; jif{ eGb} cfPsf] 5' .
ljjfxsf nflu x]g{ cfPsf w]/} hgfnfO{ kmsf{O xfln; . ca To;f] gu/
5f]/L, xfdLn] t]/} nflu eg]sf xf}F . s] 5 t]/f] ljrf/ <ls laafx g} gu/
L a:g] dg 5 t]/f] <Æ ;]tL/fdn] eg] .
;l/tfn] udnfdf /x]sf] u'nfkmsf] k'mnlt/ x]b}{ elgg–æa'jf, ljjfx
g} gug]{ ljrf/ t xf]Og d]/f] . ;+;f/sf] /Llt cg';f/ g} rNg] ljrf/ 5
d]/f] klg t/ o;df s]xL kl/jt{g eg] cfpFg} kb{5 . ljjfx ug]{ eGb}df
cfk"mnfO{ dg} gkg]{, ljrf/df d]n} gvfg], cfkmgf] dgn] gvfPsf]
dfG5]l;t s;/L hfg' < k'/fgf] ;8]un]sf] ljrf/ af]s]sf, hf]O{l6ªu|] /
gfdb{x?;Fu ljjfx ug'{eGbf ljjfx gu/L a:g' g} /fd|f] xf]nf eG7fG5' d
. d k9]n]v]sL 5', cfkmgf] v'66fdf pleg ;Sg] Ifdtf 5, ddf . z/L/
df s'g} vf]6 5}g . d lsg nq]/ a;' < d tkfO{x?sf] af]em aGg] 5}g .
a? a'9];sfndf tkfO{x?sf] ;xf/f aGg] 5' . ljjfx gub}{df s] x'G5 / <
c?n] s] eG5g eGg] eGbf klg d 7Ls 7fpFdf 5' sL 5}g eg]/ ;f]Rg' /
fd|f] nfU5 dnfO{ . cfk'm 7Ls 7fpFdf plePsf] 5' eg] c?n] h] eg] klg
s] km/s knf{ / <Æ
5f]/Lsf] skfn d';fb{} ;]tL/fdn] eg]–æltdLx? b'O{j6L 5f]/L xfd|f
b'O{ cfFvfsf gfgLx? xf} . t]/f] lbbL ljjfx u/]/ uPkl5 of] 3/sf] bLof]
tF g} xf]; . tgePkl5 xfdL s;/L a;f}Fnf eg]/ clxn] g} dg lk8fn]
56k6fpF5 t/ Tof] eg]/ t]/f] hLjg ljufg{ x'Fb}g xfdLn] . ca t}n]

25. ljjfx ug'{k5{ 5f]/L . cfh Pp6f /fd|f] 3/fgsf] k9]n]v]sf] s]6f
tFnfO{ x]g{ cfpFb}5 . eg t s] u/f}F <Æ
æ7Ls} 5, xh'/n] af]nfPsf] dfG5]nfO{ d}n] /f]Sg x'Fb}g . p;sf] ;a}
afgL Jojxf/ / ;f]rfO{ s] 5 < Tof] a'em]/ lg0f{o u/f}nf .Æ ;l/tfn]
elgg .
;]tL/fd ?s'd lhNnfsf] klZrddf kg{] rf}/hxf/Lsf :yfoL
afl;Gbf x'g . pgsf k'vf{x? k"jL{ kxf8af6 otf cfPsf] * k':tf
ljlt;s]sf] 5 . e]/L gbLsf] lsgf/df a;]sf] &)) x]S6/sf] of] a];Ldf
3gfj:tL 5 . oxfF wfg, ux'F, sf]bf] h:tf afnLx? /fd|f] kmNg] x'Fbf w]/}
klxnf b]lv dflg;sf] a;f]af; x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . ;]tL/fdsf afa' ul/a
ls;fg lyP . pgsf 5 ;Gtfg dWo] pgL bf];|f] ;Gtfg x'g . ;]tL /
fdsf Ps bfh', b'O{ efO{ / b'O{ alxgLx? ;a} ul/a g} 5g . ;]lt /fdsf]
ljjfx c7f/ jif{s} pd]/df kbdf;Fu ePsf] lyof] . cfkmgf] s8f d]xgt
/ kl/>dn] ubf{ pgnfO{ vfgf, nfpg / 5f]/Lx?sf] lzIffdf ;d:of
k/]g . h]7L 5f]/L zfGtf :6fkm g;{ k9]/ hflu/] 5g . ljjfx eP/
b'O{ 5f]/fsL cfdf ePsL 5g . sfG5L 5f]/L ;l/tf :gfts tx k'/f u/]/
ufpFs} dfWolds ljbofnodf lzIfs 5g . ;]lt/fdsf] kl/jf/ ;'lv 5 .
b'O{ 5f]/Lx? hGdg ;fy ;]lt/fdn] kl/jf/ lgof]hg u/]sf lyP .
To;j]nf ufpFdf ;a}n] pgnfO{ ck'tf] / gfdb{ eg]/ luHofPsf lyP .
3/df b'O{j6f e};L, Ps xn uf]?, rf/j6f afv|fx? 5g . kz'x? kfNg] /
v]tL kftLsf] sfd ;]lt/fd / kbdfn] cfkmF} u5{g . hfh/sf]6 hfg]
d'naf6f]sf] k"j{k66L blIf0f d"n 9f]sf ePsf] ltg tn] 3/ 5 . 3/
k5fl8 uf]7 5 . 3/sf] tnlt/ s]/f, cDaf, gf:klt cflb kmnkm'nsf]
au}Frf 5 . kbdf cUnL, uf]/L ;'Gb/ dlxnf x'g . pgL d]xgtL, klt k/
fog, eb| / c;n zLn :jefj ePsL ;f]emL / OdfGbf/ 5g . 5f]/Lx?
df pgsf w]/} u'0fx? b]Vg ;lsG5 . ;]lt/fd ul7nf] hLpF8fn ePsf
s8f d]xgt ug{ ;Sg] lg8/ / OdfGbf/ dflg; x'g .

26. 3/ cufl8 ;kmf cfFug, km'nsf udnfx? / a:gsf nflu a]Grx?
/flvPsf 5g . 3/sf] ;kmfO{ ug{], vfgkLg tof/ ug{] / kfx'gfx?
sf] :jfut ug{] sfd ;l/tfn] ul5{g .
;Nofg sfnfufpFsf s[i0fsfGt ;DkGg kl/jf/sf a|fXd0f x'g .
pgsf] 3/df s'g} s'/fsf] sdL 5}g . v]tL kftLsf] sfd, vfgkLg,
s'6fg lk;fg, ;/;kmfO{, j:t'efp kfNg] cflb sfdx? ;a} gf]s/ rfs/
n] g} u5{g . s[i0f sfGt cfkm}F hhdfgL u5{g . cfkm' k'/ftgjfbL
ePklg pRr lzIff xfl;n u/]sf pgsf 5f]/f5f]/L cfw'lgs 5g .
logsf h]7f 5f]/f nlIdsfGt g]kfnL ljifodf :gftsf]Tt/ k'/f u/L
a'9flgn s07 :s'ndf lzIf0f u5{g . pgL eGbf kl5sf Ps efO{ / b'O{
alxgLx? klg :gftsf]Tt/ ;Ddsf] lzIff k|fKt ul/ sfddf nfu]sf
5g . lt; jif{ k'uL;s]sf nlId sfGtsf] cem} ljjfx ePsf] 5}g .
pgn] ljjfx gu/L efO{ alxgLsf] kfnf] cfpFb}g . pgL kfFr lkm6 bz
OGr cUnf, uf]/f, /fd|f] lhp8fn ePsf, ld7f] af]ln jrg ePsf
zfGt, ;'lzn / ulDe/ 5g . pgnfO{ dgk/fpg] s]6Lx?sf] sdL 5}g .
pgL w]/} 7fpFdf s]6L x]g{ uP t/ s;}nfO{ dg k/fPgg . ;a}df s]xL g
s]xL vf]6 b]vfpFb} tls{G5g . log} nIdLsfGt sf7df8f}F d} ;l/
tfnfO{ b]Vg k'U5g / dg k/fpF5g . s'/f ug{] cj;/ gldn]sf]n] ljbfdf
3/ cfPsf] df}sf kf/L ;l/tfnfO{ dfUg cfkm}F s]6Lsf] 3/df k'U5g .
ufpFdf hGd]sL ;l/tf zx/sf ;Eo s]6Lx? eGbf ;'Gb/ 5g .
cUnL, kftnL, uf]/L, ldn]sf bfFt, xl/0fsf h:tf cfFvf, ldn]sf] zf/Ll/
s agf}6 ePsL ;l/tfnfO{ cK;/f;Fu bfHg ;lsGYof] . pgnfO{ b]Vbf
d'U3 gx'g] sf]xL lyPgg . cfh lgnf] ;f/L / Anfphdf pgL cK;/f
eGbf /fd|L b]lvPsL lyOg . If]qL kl/jf/sL oL afnfnfO{ b]Vbf
nIdLsfGt 6f]nfpFg yfN5g .cfˆgf] hft ljif{G5g . x'g t nIdLsfGt
klg sfnf] k}G6 / ;]tf] ;6{, 6fO{ / sfnf] r:ddf b]jfgGb h:t} b]lvPsf
lyP . pgsf] ;fydf pgsf :s'n k9bfsf ;fyL s0f{lj/ /fgf 5g . /
fgf cUnf] / df]6f] z/L/ ePsf, y]Krf] gfs / aflx/ lg:s]sf] bfFtn] s'?

27. k b]lvPsf 5g . cg'xf/ uf]/f] eP klg ebbf 5 . b'a} hgfnfO{ a/
08fdf a;fOG5 . ;l/tfsf af, cfdf / ;l/tf klg ToxL a:5g .
lrof lkpFb} s'/fsf] yfngL ;f]tL/fdn] g} u5{g . pgn]
nIdLsfGtsf cfdfafa', efO alxgL, 3/kl/jf/, v]tLkftL, k9fO tyf
hflu/ cflbsf] af/]df ;f]W5g / cfkmg]f klg atfpF5g . ;a} kl/ro
kfPkl5 eG5g æafa', 5f]/L oxL xf] b]lvxfNg' eof] . xfdL If]qL, xh'/ a|
Xd0f . kl5 g/fd|f] x'g' eGbf klxn] g} ;a}s'/f v'n:t x'g'kb{5 . o;df
afa'sf] s] alrf/ 5 <Æ
nIdLsfGtn] eg]–æcfhef]nLsf] hdfgfdf hftkftn] s]xL km/s
kb{}g . d}n] ;a}s'/f klxn] g} yfxf kfP/ ;f]r ljrf/ u/L cfPsf] 5' .
dnfO{ dg k/]/ g} oxfF;Fu s'/fug{ cfPF . d]/f af–cfdf s]xL k/Dk/
fjfbL x'g'x'G5 . ;l/tfnfO{ dGh'/ 5 eg] d cbftnd} ljjfx ug{ klg
tof/ 5' .Æ
;]tL/fdn] 5f]/Llt/ kms{]/ eg]–æ5f]/L s] 5 t t]/f] ljrf/ <Æ
æa'jf, ljjfx eGg] s'/f hLjg ljtfpg] s'/f xf] . hLjg w]/} nfdf]
5 . To;}n]] efjgf ldNg] dflg;;Fu g} ;DaGw ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . To;}n]
d]/f] dgdf nfu]sf s]xL s'/fx? :ki6 kfg'{ kb{5, pxfFn] . clg dfq
ljjfxsf] s'/f x'g ;S5 .Æ ;l/tfn] elgg .
nIdLsfGtn] ;l/tf lt/ Ps6sn] x]b{} eg] –ætL s'/fx? s] s] x'g
< lgw{Ss;Fu ;f]Wg ;Sg'x'G5 .Æ
æxh'/n] cfkmgf] hLjg s;/L ljtfpg rfxg' x'G5 <Æ ;l/tfn] k|
Zg ul/g .
nIdLsfGtn] d':sfg ;fy eg]–æoL sl7g k|Zgx?sf] pTt/ lbg'
sl7g g} x'g]5 . of] k|Zg ;'Gbf dnfO{ nfUof], odgsf /fhs'df/
xfltdnfO{ ;d|f6sf ;ft k|Zgx? log} xf]nfg . t/ d w}o{tfk"j{s
cfkmgf] pTt/ lbg]5' .
d g]kfnL ;flxTodf :gftsf]Tt/ tx plTt0f{ u/L
a'9flgnsi7 :s'ndf g]kfnL k9fpFb} 5' . d ;a}nfO{ dfof u5'{ .

28. zflGtk"0f{ hLjg rfxG5' . ;dfhdf /x]sf] s'l/ltx?, cGwljZjf;x?
x6]/ hfpg eGg] OR5f /fVb5' . k'vf{b]]lv rnLcfPsf ;sf/fTds kIfdf
ljZjf; /fVb5' . ;/n hLjg, ;fbf vfgkfg / /fd|f] :jf:Yo
rfxG5' . ;a};Fu /fd|f] ;DaGw rfxG5' . sf7df8f}Fdf Pp6f /fd|f] 3/,
lzlIft / ;'zLn kTgL, b'O{ 5f]/f Ps 5f]/L ePsf] ;'vL kl/jf/, oxL g}
d]/f] hLjgsf] nIf /x]sf] 5 .Æ
;]lt/fdn] 5f]/Lsf] skfndf xftn] d';fb{} eg]–æs:tf] /fd|f] ljrf/ .
wgL kl/jf/df hGd] klg ;fx|} pTtd ;f]rfO{ /x]5, pxfFsf] .Æ
; l / t f n ] b f ] > f ] k | Z g u l / g – æ d u l 0 f t s L
ljbofyL{ ePklg ;flxTodf /fd|f] ?rL /fVb5' . k"jL{o /
kfZrfTo ;flxTodf xh'/nfO{ dg kg{] s'/fx? s] s] x'g <Æ
æd g]kfnL ;flxTosf] ljbofyL{ ePsf]n] ljZj ;flxTosf] Tolt w]/}
cWoog 5}g . g]kfnL ;flxTodf efg'eStsf] elStefj, n]vgfysf]
cfbz{ / afns[i0f ;dsf] ju{ ;dGjosf] efjgf dnfO{ dg
k5{ . ;fdflhs ;ª/rgf eTsfpg], hftLhftL lardf km'6 Nofpg],
xTof lx+;fnfO{ k|]l/t ug{], c/fhs ;flxTo dnfO{ dg kb{}g .Æ
nIdLsfGtsf] pTt/ lyof] .
æolb n]vs aGg' eof] eg] s] s] s'/fx? n]V5' eGg] nfU5, xh'/
nfO{ <Æ ;l/tfn] t]>f] k|Zg ul/g .
nIdLsfGtn] cWof/f] cg'xf/ nfpFb} eg]–ædnfO{ n]vs aGg] dg 5}
g, lsgls k|foM n]vsx?sf] kfl/jfl/s hLjg b'Mvk"0f{ x'G5 .Æ
;l/tfn] lg0f{o ;'gfOg–ædnfO{ dfkm ug'{xf]nf . d xh'/;Fu ljjfx
ug{ ;lSbg . d]/f] clGtd lg0f{o oxL xf] .Æ
olt eGb} ;l/tf leqlt/ nflug . b'a} kfx'gfx?nfO{ ef/L dgn]
ljbf u/]kl5 ;]lt/fd bDklTt 5f]/Lsf] sf]7fdf uP . 5f]/Lsf]
skfn ;'D;'DofpFb} kbdfn] elgg–ægfgL t}n] /fd|f] ul/g; . Tolt hflt

29. dfG5] l;t ljjfx gug{] ePkl5 ljjfx sf];Fu xf]nf < xfdL lgs}
lrlGtt 5f}F, 5f]/L .Æ
;l/tfn] cfdfsf] 5ftLdf d'v n'sfpFb} elgg–æcfdf, tkfO{nfO{ s]
yfxf, p;sf] ld7f] af]nLdf slt ljiffn' s'/fx? lyP < lrGtf gug'{xf];
cfdf, d tkfO{;Fu x'Fbf tkfOsf] cfFvfdf cfFz' cfpFg lbg]5}g .Æ
-@_
hLjg clj/n aUg] gbL h:t} xf] . xfd|f] OR5f gxF'bf klg hLjg
rln/x]sf] x'G5 . of] cufl8 a9b} hfG5 . ;l/tf lbpF;f] ljbofno
hflGyg . ;fFem laxfg 3/sf] sfd sfhdf cfdf afa'nfO{ ;
3fpFlyg . ;fFemlt/ Ps b'O{ ;d"x ljbofyL{x? 6o';g k9g cfpFy] .
slxn] sflxF km';{b lgsfn]/ ufpFsf lbbL alxgLx?, sfsf
sfsLx?;Fu ;'v b'Mvsf s'/fx?, :jf:Yo ;DaGwL, lzIff ;DaGwL s'/
fx? uly{g . afn clwsf/, dlxnf clwsf/, dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL s'/
fx?sf] hfgsf/L u/fpFlyg . dflg;x? wgL / ul/j s;/L x'G5g /
dflg;x? lsg ;w}F ul/jLdf afFrL/xG5g eGg] s'/f k|i6 kfly{g .
ljbofnodf klg pbfx/0f of]Uo lzIfs lyOg . /fd|f];Fu a'emfP/
k9fpg], ldNbf] pbfx/0f lbg], z}lIfs ;fdu|L k|of]u ug{], :ki6 / ld7f]
cfjfhdf af]Ng] x'gn] ljbofyL{x? pgnfO{ lgs} dg k/fpFy] .
ljbofnosf] x/]s sfo{qmddf pgsf] v6]/ sfd ug{] jfgL
lyof] . ;/;kmfO, cltl/St lqmofsnfk, ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmd, z}lIfs e|
d0f ;a} 7fpFdf pgL ;lqmotfk"j{s sfo{ uly{g . ljbofyL{x?sf] sdnf]
dl:tisdf r]tgfsf] lbof] jfnL lblGyg, pgL . o;/L ;do ljlt/x]sf]
lyof] . nIdLsfGt 3/df cfPsf] Ps dlxgf ljt]kl5 Pslbg ;l/tfsf]
gfddf x'nfsaf6 Pp6f lr67L cfof] . k7fpg]sf] gfd lyPg . lr67L
kmfnL lbpFsL h:tf] nfUof] pgnfO{ . s] ;f]r]/ xf] emf]nfdf xflng .
ljbofno 5'66L ePkl5 3/df cfP/ lr67L vf]n]/ x]l/g . lr67L lgDg
cg';f/sf] lyof] .
;l/tf ld;,

30. …;fb/ clejfbgÚ
dnfO{ ;Gr} 5 . xh'/sf] dftflktf / sf]dn ufyfdf ;bf ;j{bf
cf/fd} xf]cf]; eGg] sfdgf 5, d]/f] . w]/} lbgb]lv d]/f] dg cl:y/ 5 .
lgb|f gk/]sf] klg w]/} eof] . kq n]v' eGbf klg ;ªsf]r dfg]/ xft
sfKby] . cfF6 cfpFb}gYof] . w]/} k6s kq n]v]/ Roft]/ klg kmfn“] .
cfh hGd]b]lvsf] ;xf; a6'n]/ of] kq n]Vg] hdsf{] u/]sf] 5' . o;sf]
nflu Ifdf rfxG5' .
;fFRr} eGg] xf] eg] d}n] cfh;Dd xh'/ h:tL ;'Gb/ s]6L b]v]s}
lyOg . dflg; otL ;'Gb/ x'G5 eGg] s'/f d}n] ;f]r]sf] klg lyOg . uf]/f]
/ nfDrf] cg'xf/, OGb]gL ;dfg cfFvL ef}F, df]lt ;dfg bfFt, nfn cw/
x?, d[usf h:tf gog, nfdf] s];/fzL, cUnf] kftnf] z/L/, a]xf];
agfpg ;Sg] d':sfg / cljrn ulDeo{, af}blws JolStTj, af]nLsf]
ld7f; cflb alTt; nIf0fx? Pp6} JolStdf x'g' s:tf] cfZro{ .
d]/f ;fyL nIdLsfGt klg nfvf}Fdf Ps 5g, ;'Gb/tfdf tyf
zLn:jefjdf . s] sf/0fn] xh'/n] OGsf/ ug'{ eof], xfdL cfZro{df
k/]sf 5f}F t/ d]/f] leqL dgn] s]xL yfxf kfP h:tf] u/]sf]n] xh'/n]
vfh]sf] s'/f sfFxL ddf t 5}g < To;}sf] nflu xh'/sf] dg a'emg of]
kq n]Vg] b[i6tf u/]sf] 5' .
d cw{zf:qdf :gfts 5' . dnfO{ k|s[ltn] zfl//Ls ;'Gb/tf
lbPsf] 5}g . ul/aL / a]/f]huf/Ln] lylrPsf d]/f af–cfdf;Fu /fd|f]
vfg]s'/f lyPg t/ hfFu/ / d]xgt lyof] . pxfFx?n] vf]nfdf Eofu'tf,
uªu6f, df5f, agdf lgz'Ns kfOg] kmnkm'n, ;fu;AhL, Rofp, cl/
ªufn, sGbd"nx? cflb yl/yl/sf j:t'x? v'jfPsf sf/0f z/
L/ :j:y /alnof] ePsf] 5 . k|wfgfWofkssf] eft ksfpFb}
ubf{ P;=Pn=;L= pTtL0f{ ul/P5 . ufpFd} vf]n]sf] pRr df=lj= af6 afx|
sIff pTtL0f{ u/]kl5 k|fylds ljbofnodf Go'g kfl/>ldsdf lghL ;|
f]tdf k9fpFb} ubf{ k|fOe]6 k/LIffyL{sf] ?kdf :gfts tx plTt0f{ ul/P
5 . Psflt/ ul/jL / csf{]lt/ s'?k cg'xf/n] ubf{ dnfO{ cfh;Dd s'g}

31. o'jtLn] klg k|]d k|:tfj u/]sf 5}gg . pRr hftLsf / wgL kl/jf/sf
JolStx?af6 kfPsf] 3[0ff, s'6 jrg / lyrf]ldrf]sf sf/0f d leq ljb|
f]xL efjgf k}bf ePsf] 5 . dnfO{ cfhef]nL ul/j / lgDg ;fdflhs
cfly{s :t/ x'g'sf] kL8faf]w x'g yfnsf] 5 .
nIdLsfGt d]/f :s'n k9bfsf ;fyL, ;fdGtL ;+:sf/df x's{]klg
cx+sf/sf efjgf gePsf zfGtL k|Lo JolSt x'g. pgn] slxn] sfxL“
dnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf sf/0f d pgsf] cfb/ ub{5' . /fd|f] af]nLjrg
ePsf ldng;f/ 5g . To:tf JolStnfO{ OGsf/ u/]sf] dnfO{ dg k/]sf]
5}g .
d t ljb|f]xL dfG5], zfGtLk"0f{ jftfj/0fdf r6ofª kfg{ dg
nfU5 . ;dfhdf JofKt c;dfgtf, cGofo, cTofrf/, hftL, wd{, j0f{,
lnªusf cfwf/df ul/g] lje]b, l9nf;':tL, e|i6frf/ h:tf] kmf]x/ a9f/]/
kmfNg dg nfU5 . vt/f;Fu v]Ng, d'To';Fu h'emg dg nfU5 . hd]sf]
tnfp eGbf gbLsf] pn{bf] e]n dg k5{ . s7ofªu|Lg] hf8f], hLp
89fpg] 3fd, sf]nfxn / czfGtL xf]; a? d'bf{ zfGtL gxf]; eG5' d .
To;n] ;dfhsf] ;Dk"0f{ sl;ªu/ a9f/]/ nuf]; ;dfhsf ls/fx? gi6
kf/f]; .
dnfO{ klZrdL ;flxTosf/x? ljlnod ;]S;lko/,
lgsf]nfO{ uf]uf]n, cGtg r]vj, DoflS;d uf]sL{sf ;dfh kl/jt{g
ug{ ;Sg] qmflGtsf/L larf/x? / k"jL{o ;fxlTosf/x? n' :o'g, /
fx'n ;fFs[Tofog, dxf:jtf b]jLsf ;+;f/ xNnfpg] larf/x? dg k5{ .
ca g]kfndf klg of] b]znfO{ ultzLn agfpgsf nflu k|]/0ff k|bfg ug{]
;flxTo ;[h{gf x'g'kb{5 . ;+;f/nfO{ a'emg] dfq xf]Og abNgsf nflu
o'jfx?sf] dg dl:tisnfO{ k|]l/t ug{] ;flxTo ;[h{gf ug{ ;Sg] ;|i6fx?
hGdg' kb{5 . ;+;f/nfO{ ult k|bfg ug{ g;Sg] ;flxTo cGwf] ;flxTo
7fG5' d .
xh'/sf] larf/df ;+;f/ s:tf] x'g' k5{ eGg] nfU5 < dflg;sf]
efjgf s:tf] xg'kb{5 < xfdL g]kfnLn] s] ug'{knf{ < oL s'/fx?df k|

32. sfz kfb{} / d]/f ljrf/x?sf] ljZn]if0f u/L k|ltpTt/ kfpg]
cfzfsf ;fy ljbf x'G5' .
pxL
s0f{jL/ /fgf
kq k9]kl5 ;l/tfsf] dl:tisdf cgf}7f] ljrf/ pTkGg eof] .
cfkmgf] dgsf] efj s;}n] af]n] h:tf], cfkm}Fn] ;f]r]sf] s'/f k9]h:tf]
nfUof] . s] d}n] vf]h]sf] JolSt ToxL xf] t < efjgf ldNof] eGb}df hft
eft gldNg] s'?k dflg;;Fu s;/L ;DaGw hf]g{ ;lsG5 . To:tf]
dfG5]l;t s;/L nf]Ug]sf] gftf nufpg] < efjgf ldNof] eg] g/fd|f] klg
/fd|f] nfU5 eG5g dflg;x? . t/ xf]nf t of] s'/f < sf] ;Fu ;Nnfx
dfUg] < cfkmgf] ;fyL /df;Fu ;Nnfx dfUg] ljrf/ ul/g .
/df ljbofno k9bfsf] ldNg] ;fyL . P;=Pn=;L= kf; u/]kl5
ufpFs} sk8f Jofkf/L;Fu ljjfx ePsf] lyof], /dfsf] . /df eGbf bz
jif{ h]7f] pgsf] nfUg] xf]rf] / df]6f] lyof] . /dfsf b'O{ 5f]/f e};s]sf
lyP . ;do ldnfP/ ;l/tf /dfsf] 3/df uOg . ;l/tfnfO{ e]6g
kfpFbf /df klg v';L eOg . lrof vfFb} ;l/tfn] s'/fsf] yfngL ul/g –
æ/df tF d;Fu ldNg] ;fyL, pd]/ klg Pp6}, tF kSsf u[lxgL eO;ls;
t/ d cFem} cfkm'nfO{ aRrf ;DemL/x]sL 5' . s;/L u[x:y hLjgdf k|
j]z ug{] eGg] cem} lglZrt e};s]sf] 5}g .eg t, j}jfxls hLjg
slt /dfOnf] x'G5 <Æ
æxf] t, c:tL tFnfO{ x]g{ Pp6f /fd|f] tGg]/L cfPsf] lyof] /] . t}Fn]
dflgg; eGg] ;'g]sL lyP“ . ljjfx u/]kl5 dnfO{ /dfOnf] g} ePsf]
5 . ca t t}“n] klg ljjfx ubf{ /fd|f] xf]nf eGg] 7fG5' d .Æ /dfn]
elgg .
æ/df, n eg t tFnfO{ t]/f] a'9f dg k5{ <Æ
æcfkmgf] nf]Ug] dg gk/] sf] dg k5{ < s] eg]sL <Æ

33. æd}n] eg]sf] cGoyf glnP; x} /df, t}n] cfkmgf] nf]Ug] b]Vg;fy
dg k/fPsL xf]; sL ljjfx u/]kl5 /fd|f] nfUb} uPsf] xf] <Æ
æcfkmg} ufpFsf] dfG5], ;w}F b]lv/x]sf] dfG5] t xf]gL Û PsfPs
b]v]sf] xf]Og Sof/] . dnfO{ dfUg cfP5g . a'jfn] dnfO{ yfxf g}
glbO{ x'G5 egLlbg' eP5 . d}n t kl5 kf] yfxf kfP . klxn] l/; p7of]
. kl5 t dfof kf] nfUg yfNof] .Æ
æcfhef]nL klg dfof nflu/xG5 t<Æ
æx]/ g klxn] t aflx/L ?k dfq x]l/bf] /x]5 t/ ;do laTb} hfFbf
c?g} s'/fn] cfglGbt agfpFbf] /x]5 . x[bo b]lv g} dfof ug{] ;Rrf
k|]dL, ;'v / b'vdf Psgf; /xg] w}o{jfg, ;d:of ;Fu
h'emg ;Sg] ;xf;L, vt/f;Fu ;fjwfgL ;fy v]Ng;Sg] rt'/, c?
sf] ;Nnfx u|x0f ub{} cfkm}F lg0f{odf k'Ug ;Sg] b[9, ;;fgf s'/fx?df
klg ;xfotf ug{] ;Rrf ldq, zf/Ll/s zlSt ePsf] jnjfg, ;a} ;Fu
ldn]/ a:g ;Sg] ldng;f/, kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?sf] Pstf agfO{ /
fVg ;Sg] s'zn Joj:yfks cflb u'0fx?n] ubf{ kf] emg ;dk{g efj k}
bf x'Fbf]/x]5 . d lj/fdL x'Fbf d]/f] a'9fn] dnfO{ aRrf h:tf] sfvdf
p7fP/ aflx/ leq kf5{g, lbg/ft ;]jf u5{g, ;fGTjgf lbG5g . d t
pgsf] cufl8 kfgL eP/ auL lbG5' .Æ /dfn] cfkmgf] cg'ej ;'gfOg .
æ/df, t]/f] ;Nnfxn] dnfO{ cfkmgf] hLjgsf] af/]df lg0f{o
lng ;lhnf] agfof] . d a9L k9]sL ePklg tF w]/} a'blwdfgL /xL5; .
n t d clxn] hfG5' . s'g} lbg e]6f}Fnf .Æ /dfn] p7b} elgg .
æx'G5 t hf, d klg vfglkg lt/ nfU5' .Æ /dfn] p7b} elgg .
;l/tf 3/df cfPkl5 kq n]Vg yflng .
/fgfhL,
gd:sf/
tkfO{sf] kq kfPF . x'nfsLn] ljbofnodf cfP/ a]gfdL kq
a'efpbf gk9]/ kmfnLlbp“ h:tf] nfu]sf] lyof] t/ s] efjgf cfof]

34. dgdf, Tof] kq 3/df cfP/ vf]n]“ . kq tkfOFsf] /x]5 . dg gnfuL
gnfuL jfrg ub}{ uPF . kqdf ePsf s'/fx?n] d]/f] dgdf ;fgf] atfF;
rnfpg ;kmn eP . d]/f] dgsf] tnfpdf ;fgf 5fnx? p7g yfn] .
oL 5fnx? pn{bf e]n aGg ;S5g sL ;Sb}gg yfxf 5}g t/ kq n]Vg
a;]sL 5' .
tkfOFn] eg] h:t} d cfb/of]Uo xf]Og . g d :ju{sL cK;/f g} x'F .
d klg c? h:t} ;fwf/0f dlxnf x'F . otL eGg ;S5' sL dnfO{ ;'Gb/
cg'xf/ ldn]sf] 5 . olx cg'xf/sf] jgfj6n] ubf{ w]/} k'?ifx? cfslif{t
x'g] ub{5g . t/ ddf Pp6f j}u'0f 5 . d Hofb} s7f]/ 5' . cfkmgf]
ljrf/ gldNg] dfG5] 5 eg] hlt;'s} ;'Gb/ xf];, wgL xf];, k9]n]v]sf]
xf];, OGsf/ ul/lbG5' . xf] d s7f]/ 5' t/ cfkm';Fu ljrf/ ldNg] dfG5]
l;t g/d klg 5' . d]/f] efjgf tkfO{F;Fu stfstf ;dfg ePh:tf]
nfu]sf] 5 . o;sf] e]p kfpg s]xL lbg kv{g} knf{ .
tkfOsf] ;fyLsf] s'/f ug'{ ePsf] /x]5 . pgsf] ld7f] af]nL leq
w]/} unt s'/fx? e]6fPF d}n] . pgL c;n hLjg ;fyL xf]Og,
cfkmgf] ;]jf ug{] ;'lzn kTgL rfxG5g . pgL k'?ifjfbL 5g lsgls
pgL 5f]/f rfxG5g, 5f]/f ljgf pgL afFRg ;Sb}gg . b'O{ 5f]/f, Ps 5f]/
Lsf] cy{ ToxL xf] . pgL k/Dk/fdf /dfpg] k|f0fL x'g, kl/jt{g /
pHofnf];Fu 8/fpF5g . zflGtsf] gfddf kmf]x/;Fu ldqtf ufF:g' sfo/tf
xf] . To:tf dfG5];Fu gftf hf]g{ dnfO{ dg nfu]g .
;+;f/df b'O{ lsl;dsf dflg;x? x'G5g . Ps yl/ dflg;x?
aflx/L cfj/0f dfq x]b{5g . leqL ;'Gb/tfnfO{ b]Vb}gg . o:tf
dflg;x?sf] ljj]s ;'Go x'G5 . cfkm' s]xL ug{ ;Sb}gg . jgfj6L s'/
fdf /dfpF5g . ;8]un]sf] ePklg To;nfO{ kl/jt{g gu/L cfkm'klg
b'u{lGwt aGb5g . ;lbof} b]lv xfd|f] ;dfh o:t} dflg;x?n] el/Psf] 5
. b'u{lGwt ePsf] ;dfhnfO{ kl/jt{g u/L pHofnf] agfpg
vf]Hg'nfO{ pgLx? vt/f b]Vb5g, lx+zf b]Vb5g / xNnf b]Vb5g . csf{]

35. yl/ dflg;x? aflx/L :j?k dfq gx]/L cfGtl/s u'0fx? s]nfp“5g .
logLx? ljj]szLn x'G5g . c?nfO{ dfq bf]if yf]kfg{] eGbf cfkm"g}
cu|;/ eP/ ;dfh kl/jt{gdf h'6b5g . hd]sf] tnfp ;kmf
ug{ / ;dfhdf JofKt ;8]un]sf kmf]x/x? ;kmf ug{ vf]Hb5g .
tnfp ;kmf ubf{ s]xL emf/x? pv]Ng' g} kb{5, of] lx+zf x'g] ub{}
g . ;dfh kl/jt{g ug'{ g} qmflGt xf] . pgLx? kl/jt{gnfO{ ckgfp5g
/ To;}df cfglGbt x'G5g . ;dfhdf ;lbof}F b]lv hd]/ a;]sf] sl;ªu/
x6fpg' eg]sf] vt/f;Fu v]Ng' xf] . pgLx? vt/f;Fu v]Nb5g / cfkmgf]
nIflt/ a95g .
tkfOF{sf] kqaf6 tkfOF{ bf]>f] vfnsf] JolSt xf] eGg] emlNsG5 .
Jojxf/af6 g} oL s'/fx? yfxf kfpFg ;lsg]5 . tkfOFsf] egfO /
Jojxf/ Pp6} ePsf] x]g{ rfxG5' d . Ps k6s k|ToIf e]6 u/]/ s'/f u/
f}F h:tf] nfu]sf] 5 . s'g} cnf}lss j0f{g ug'{eGbf /fd|f] rl/q ;of}F u'0f
>]i7 x'G5 . xfdL ;fwf/0f dflg; ePsf]n] ePsf] s'/fdf ljZjf; ug'{ /
fd|f] x'g] 7fGb5' d . clxn]nfO{ olt .
plx
;l/tf
-#_
æxl/dfof ;'Gof}F < cfh ;l/tfsf] ljx] x'Fb} 5 /] .Æ
æxf] t, b]Vb}df 8]9' afFb/ h:tf] dfG5], s] x]/]/ dg kf/of] xf]nf <
v'66fdf afFw] klg g;'xfpg] .Æ xl/dfofn] cf]7 n]Ao|fOg .
æs:tf] crDd, To:tf] /fhs'df/L h:tf] o'jtLnfO{ Tof] dg gk/]sf]
aHofn] kf] nUg nfUof] .Æ uLtfn] wf/] xft b]vfpFb} elgg .
æe}uf] cf–cfkmgf] efUo xf] . ;l/tfsf] efUodf ToxL n]v]sf] lyof] .
lgs} u/Lj kf] 5 /] . g wg, g ?k,s:tf] efUo xf]nf ljr/L sf] <
eujfgn] klg y/L y/Lsf] v]n b]vfpF5g .Æ xl/dfofn] u'gf;f] ul/g .

36. b'a}n] e]/L gbLsf] kfgL e/]/ cf–cfkmgf] 3/lt/ nfu] . ;a}n] of]
cgf}7f] ljjfx dg k/fPsf lyPgg . of] ufpFsL Kof/L 5f]/L g/fd|f]
7fpFdf k/L . ;a}n] dg b'vfP .
ptf z+vlkknsf] rf}tf/f]df ljjfxsf] tof/L x'Fb} lyof] . ToxfF g
afhf lyof], g ef]h et]/ . s'g} hGtL / a|fXd0f tyf Hof]ltif klg
lyPgg . vfnL Pp6f ;'e ljjfx n]lvPsf] Jofg/, cf7÷bz j6f d]r /
Pp6f 6]j'n lyof] . 6]j'ndf b'O{j6f km'nsf dfnfx?, clj/ / km'nx? /
flvPsf lyP . Pp6f ;fgf] cfd;ef h:tf] sfo{qmd lyof] . To;df ;l/
tfsf] :s'nsf lzIfs :6fkmx?, ljbofyL{x?, ljbofno
Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf dflg;x?, lzIfs cleefjs ;ª3sf kbflwsf/L,
s]xL kfx'gfx?, b'nxfsf cfdfa'jf/ b'nxLsf cfdfa'jf ;dfj]z ePsf
lyP . ljbofly{x?n] klg km'ndfnf NofPsf lyP .
ljbofno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIfsf] cWoIftfdf ;efsf]
cfof]hgf ul/of] . ;'Gb/ ;/n] pb3f]ifssf] sfo{ u/] . pgn] cltlyx?
sf] cf;g u|x0f u/fPkl5 :jfut efif0f u/], ljqmd ;/n] M
æcfb/gLo o; j}jflxs ;df/f]xsf ;efWoIf tyf ljbofno
Joj:yfks ;ldltsf cWoIfHo", pkl:ylt kfx'gfx?,
ljbofyL{ efOalxgLx?,
cfh xfdL xfd|f] ljbofnosL lzIfs >L ;l/tf If]qL / ;Nofg
j8f ufpFsf s0f{lj/ /fgfHo"sf] ljjfxsf] ;df/f]xdf pkl:yt ePsf
5f+} . o; sfo{qmddf kfNg'x'g] ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx?nfO{ :jfut ub{5' . d
b'nxf tyf b'nxLsf] j}jfxls hLjgsf] c6n ;f}efUo, pRr ;kmntf /
bl3{ hLjgsf] sfdgf ub{} ljbf x'G5' . wGojfb .Æ
;'Gb/ ;/n] k'gM sfo{qmd cufl8 a9fpFb} eg]–æcj d ljjfxsf]
sfo{qmd cufl8 a9fpg cfh o; ;df/f]xsf cWoIf tyf lj=Jo=;=
cWoIfHo"nfO{ cfu|x ub{5' . pxfFnfO{ ;xof]u ul/lbgsf nflu o;
ljbofnsf lzIfs ljqmd ;/nfO{ cg'/f]w ub{5' .Æ

37. cWoIfn] b'nxf b'nxL dGrdf cfPkl5 b'j}nfO{ Ps Psj6f dfnf
lbP/ Ps csf{nfO{ nufpg eg] . b'nxfn] b'nxL / b'nxLn]
b'nxfnfO{ dfnf nufPkl5 cWoIfn] b'a}nfO{ clj/ nufO lbP . To;kl5
kfn}kfnf] cGo cltly, lzIfs, tyf ljbofyL{x?n] clj/ dfnf nufP .
cWoIfn] b'nxf b'nxLsf afa'x?nfO{ af]nfP . b'nxLsf afa'n] 5f]/Lsf]
xft ;dft]/ b'nxfnfO{ lbP eg] b'nxfsf afa'n] b'nxLnfO{ lbP . olt
u/]kl5 ljjfxsf] k|lqmof ;lsof] .
;'Gb/ ;/n] sfo{qmd cufl8 a9fpb} eg]–æxfd|f] o; ljbofnosL
dfWolds txsL ul0ft ljifosL lzIfs ;l/tf ld; cfkmgf] ?k, u'0f,
ljbjTtf / lgk"0f{tfdf o; If]qd} pTs[i6 x'g'x'G5 . pxfFnfO{ kTgL
agfpg rfxg] w]/} tGg]/Lx? lyP t/ pxfFnfO{ tL sf]xL klg dg
k/]gg . pxfFsf] cfkmgf] dgdf of] s'/f /fd|f] 5 egL lglZrt
geP ;Dd lg0f{o ug'{x'Gg . cfh pxfFn] ;Nofg j8f ufpFsf >L s0f{jL/
/fgfhLnfO{ cfkmgf] j/dfnf klx/fpg' ePsf] 5 . cfkmgf] efjL hLjg /
pbb]Zo ;lxt cfkm'nfO{ nfu]sf] s'/f /flv lbg' x'g pxfFnfO{ cfu|x ub{5'
.Æ
/ftf] ;f/L / Anfphdf ;lhPsL ;l/tf dGrdf b]vf kl/g . ;a}
nfO{ clejfbg ub{} elgg–
o; j}jflxs sfo{qmdsf ;efWoIf dxf]bo,
pkl:yt cltlyHo", d]/f ;xkfl7 lzIfs ;flyx?,
d]/f cfkmGt hgx? tyf ljbofyL{ efOjlxgLx?,
cfh d]/f] ljjfxsf] z'e cj;/df o; sfo{qmddf pkl:yt
eO{ xfd|f] dgf]jn pRr /fVg ;xof]u ug'{ ePsf]df xflb{s cfef/ k|s6
ub{5' . xfd|f] ljjfx o:tf] ;fgf] sfo{qmd u/]/ e}/x]sf] 5 sL g
ef]het]/, g sf]z]nL cfbfg k|bfg, g bfOhf], g ljjfx d08k, g hGtL,
g bdfx, g kl08t . o:tf] klg ljjfx x'G5 < eg]/ lv;L ug{]sf] sdL
x'g] 5}g . d]/f] cfkmgf] klt 5gf}6 ug{] tl/sf klg cgf}7f] 5 .
dnfO{ dg k/fpg] nf]Ug] dflg;x?sf] sdL lyPg . ?kjfg, wgjfg,

38. zlStjfg, jnjfg tyf pRr hftLsf k|ltl:7t JolStx? gcfPsf
xf]Ogg, dnfO{ dfUg . s;}nfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ ;lsg d}n] . d]/f af–
cfdf / cfkmGtx? lgs} lrlGtt x'g'x'GYof] d]/f] Jojxf/ b]]v]/ . o;sf]
sf/0f 5f]6s/Ldf elg lbg' plrt g} xf]nf eGg] 7fg]sL 5' . dnfO{ kTgL
agfpg rfxg]x? d]/f] ;'Gb/ cg'xf/ x]/]/ cfPsf lyP . pgLx? aflx/
L ;'Gb/tfnfO{ g} ;a} s'/f 7fGy] . cfGtl/s ;'Gb/tfnfO{ x]b}gy]F . pgLx?
hLjg;fyL xf]Og gf/LnfO{ bf;L / dgf]/Ghgsf] ;fwg agfpg rfxGy] .
pgLx?n] d]/f] cfGtl/s OR5f / u'0fx? kTtf nufpg] k|oTg u/]gg .
JolStsf] jfXo ;'Gb/tf uf}0f s'/f xf] . d'Vo s'/f leqL ;f]r / Ifdtf
xf] . o:tf] Ifdtf d]/f] klt s0f{jL/df 5 eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 .
pgL;Fu jt{dfgdf s'g} s'/f 5}g . g ?Kf 5, g wg 5 , g zlSt 5 ,
g kb 5 t/ pgL;Fu o:tf] dl:tis 5, h;n] ef]nLsf lbgdf rdTsf/
b]vfpg] 5 eGg] d]/f] 7DofO{ 5 . pgnfO{ d h:t} kTgLsf] cfjZostf
5 eGg] 7fG5' d .
d klg ;dfh kl/jt{gsf] OR5f /fVb5' . To;df dnfO{ pgsf]
cfjZostf 5 . cj xfd|f] efjL hLjg s;/L ;Grfng xf]nf < To;sf]
hfgsf/L d]/f] kltaf6} x'g]5 . ;a}nfO{ k'gM clejfbg ub{} d]/f
egfO{ oxL 6'ªUofp5' . wGojfb .Æ
;'Gb/ ;/n] sfo{qmd ;Grfng ub}}{ eg]– æd cj To:tf JolStnfO{
af]nfpFb5', hf] ;Fu ;l/tf ld;n] eg] cg';f/ cyfxf 1fgsf] e08f/
5 , k|ultzLn ljrf/ 5, d]xgt / hfFu/ 5 . pxf“ x'g'x'G5 b'nxf >L
s0f{jL/ /fgf .Æ
To;kl5 dGrdf s0f{jL/ /fgf b]vf k/] . ;a}nfO{ clejfbg ub{}
af]Ng yfn]
æsfo{qmdsf ;efkltHo", cltlyHo', d]/f / ;l/tfhLsf cfkmGtx?,
ljbofyL{ efO alxgLx? o; sfoqmddf xfdLnfO{ z'esfdgf k|bfg
ug{ kfNg' ePsf]df x[bo b]lv g} cfef/ k|s6 ub{5' .

39. cfh d]/f] hLjgsf] ;aeGbf v'l;sf] lbg ag]sf] 5 . d ;l/tf
h:tL ;j{u'0f ;DkGg ;'Gb/LnfO{ cfkmgL kTgL agfpg k'u]sf] 5' . xfdL
aLrsf] w]/} k6ssf] e]63f6, lr77L kq cfbfg k|bfg / 5nkmn kl5 j}
jflxs aGwgdf afFlwg] ;Nnfx eof] / cfh tkfO{x?sf] /f]xj/df ljjfx
;DkGg ePsf] 5 . cfh ;Dd d]/f] hLjg cWof/f]df ?dlNnO/x]sf] lyof]
. k|sfzlt/ cu|;/ x'g] k|of; u/]klg :ki6 nIf 7Dofpg ;s]sf]
lyOg . cfhb]lv xfdL ktL–kTgL pHofnf]lt/ cu|;/ x'g] hdsf{] ub{}
ofqf ;'? u/]sf] 5f}F . ca xfdL b'a} ldn]/ ;dfh kl/jt{gsf] dxfg
ofqfdf hfg] lglZrt u/]sf 5f}F .
xfd|f] ;dfhdf xhf/f} jif{ b]lv sl;ªu/ y'lk|Psf] 5 . xfd|f ljrf/
x? k'/fgf 5g . xfd|f] b]z ul/jL, a]/fh]uf/L, clzIff, cGwljZjf;,
5'jf5't, ju{e]b, /f]uJofwL h:tf s'/fx?af6 cfqmfGt 5 . o:tf s'/fx?
x6fpg} kb{5 . oL s'/fx? x6fpg ;dfhdf e'OFrfnf] cfpg}
kb{5 . ;do ljTb} hfFbf ;dfhsf] ljsf; cfkmF} x'G5 eg]/ k'/
fg} ;dfhdf /dfpg] / cfkm' klg To;}df ;8]/ b'u{lGwt x'g] dflg;x?
5g xfd|f] ;dfhdf . o:tfx? ax'dtdf 5g . hfnem]n, if8oGq,
l9nf;'l:t, e|i6frf/, nfk/jfxL ug{] dfG5]x? g} ;Ddflgt 5g . sfd
ug{]n] :ofjf;L kfpg], /fd|f] sfd ug{]n] ;Ddfg kfpg], v/fj sfd
ug{]n], sfdrf]/n] b08 kfpg] Joj:yfsf nflu n8g] 5f}F xfdL .
gftfjfb, s[kfjfb, kml/ofjfb, rfkn';L h:tf s'/fx? x6g} kb{5 . xfdL
cj d[To';Fu v]Ng] 5f}F . xfd|f] hLjgdf cynk'yn x'g]5 . ;dfhdf
czflGt x'g]5, b]zdf czflGt x'g]5 . kl/jt{gsf] /fFsf] aNg]5 .
d'bf{ zflGt x/fpg]5 . clg a;Lvfg]x?, 7'nf7fn'x?, ;dfGtx?,
bnfnx?, /fi6«3ftLx?, xTof/fx?;Fu xfd|f] o'bw x'g]5 . clGtd o'bw .
o; o'bwdf g]kfnsf ;Dk"0f{ >dhLlj hgftfx?sf] ;xof]u / ;dy{g
x'g]5 . tkfO{x? klg cfkmgf] xs clwsf/sf] nflu clGtd
o'bwdf ;fd]n x'g'x'g]5 egL cfzf lnPsf 5f}F, xfdLn] .

40. clxn] w]/} s'/f ug'{ eGbf ef]nLsf lbgx?df xfd|f] Jojxf/af6 ;a}
yfxf x'g]5 . cGtdf d}n] af]Ng] qmddf s'g} k|sf/sf] uNtL sdhf]/L
ePsf] eP Ifdf rxfG5' / d]/f] egfO oxL cGt ub{5' . wGojfb .Æ
cGo jStfx?df lzIfs:6fkmsf] tkm{af6 Pshgf, ljbofyL{x?af6
Pp6f s]6f / Pp6f s]6L tyf k|wfgfWofks lyP . ;a} aStfx?n]
laafxsf] z'esfdgf JoSt u/] . ljbofnon] ;l/tfsf] laafxsf]
pknIfdf pkxf/ / lrofkfgsfo{s|dsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] .
ljbofnosf] tkm{af6 k|wfgfWofksn] b'nxf b'nxLnfO{ pkxf/ k|bfg
u/]kl5 ;efWoIfn] z'esfdgf ;lxta}aflxs sfo{s|dsf] ;dfkg u/]sf
lyP . cGtdf ;a} hnkfg sfo{s|ddf ;l/s eP .
@)^) d+l;/, rf}/hxf/L
^= s'GtL
sn a]nsf] l6lgª=====l6lgªsf] cfjfhn] /f]zgsf] Wofg eªu eof]
. pgL lj:tf/} 3/ aflx/ lg:s]/ d"n u]6 lt/ nfu] . u]6 vf]n] kl5
Toxf“ sdn plePsf] b]v] . pgL lgs} v'l; eP/ sdnnfO{ cFufnf]
xfNg k'u] . b'j} ldqsf] e]63f6n] /f]zgnfO{ lgs} zflGt ldNof] . pgn]
eg]–æsdn ltdLnfO{ e]6g kfpFbf lgs} v';L nfUof] . stfaf6 af6f]
lj/fof}F cfh <Æ
æ;/sf/L ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lnPkl5 cfkmgf ;fyLx? e]6b} lxF8]sf]
5' d t . cfh ltd|f] ;Demgf cfof], clg e]6g cfO{ k'u]“ .
ltdLnfO{ s:tf] 5 <Æ sdnn] xft ;dfTb} eg] .
b'j} 3/ leq uP . ;f]kmfdf sdnnfO{ a;fpFb} /f]zgn] eg]–æd
klg gf]s/Laf6 cjsfz lnPsf] Ps jif{ eO;Sof] . z/L/ l7s} 5 . dg
;w}F czfGt /xG5 . 5f]/f Pp6} 5, Tof] s'/f ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5b}F5 . p
cfkmgf] kl/jf/ ;lxt OªuNofG8d} a:5 . 5 jif{sf] Pp6f gftL 5 .
zfGtfn] dnfO{ 5f]8]/ k/nf]s ePsf] klg b'O{ jif{ eO;Sof] . sfd ug{]

41. dflg; /fVof] eg] efuL xfN5g . ;a} sfd cfkm}F ug'{k5{ . PSnf] hLjg
kf] 5 t d]/f] t Û ltdL a:b} u/, d lrof agfP/ NofpF5' .Æ
ælx8 d klg ltdLnfO{ ;xof]u u5'{ . dnfO{ ld7f] lrof agfpg
cfpF5 . lrof agfpFb} s'/f ug'{ cfkmg} vfnsf] cfgGb
x'G5 .Æ ;f]kmfaf6 p7b} sdnn] eg] .
/f]zgn] efG;fdf k:b} eg]–æTo;f] eP t d emg v';L x'G5' .
dnfO{ klg o:tf] s'/fdf a8f] cfgGb nfU5 .Æ
efG;f leq l5/]kl5 sdnnfO{ lrof agfpg] ;fdu|L b]vfP/ /f]zg
kmnkm'n sf6g yfn] . lrof tof/ ePkl5 kmnkm'nsf] l/sfkL / lrofsf
skx? af]s]/ b'a}hgf a}7s sf]7fdf cfP . lrof lkpFb} /f]zgn] eg]–
æPSnf] hLjg ;fx|} sl7g x'Fbf] /x]5 . vfg agfpg klg clN5 nfU5 .
slxn] kmf:6km'8n] sfd rnfpF5' . slxn] xf]6nlt/ uP/ vfG5' . xf]6]n
klg slt hfg' < gftL;Fu kmf]gdf s'/f ubf{ cfgGb nfU5 . kmf]g /fVof]
km]/L ;Ggf6fn] 5f]kL xfN5 .Æ
æltdLnfO{ s] s] sfd ug{] dfG5] rflxG5, eg t Û
To;sf] ;dfwfg d ;Fu 5 . ltdLnfO{ af]Ng] ;fyL klg x'G5 t/ k}:ff
eg] cln nfU5 .Æ sdnn] :ofpsf] 6'qmfdf sfF6f /f]Kb} eg] .
æs] sfd eGg] gL < vfgf ksfpg], 3/ ;kmf ug{], sk8f w'g],
efF8f dfemg], gf:tf tof/ ug{], j]8 lj:t/f tof/ ug{], t/sf/L tyf
km"nx?df kfgL xfNg], uf]8d]n ug{], oxL t xf] gL Û olt sfd ug{]
dflg; 5 t ltdL;Fu < d]/f] eg] cg';f/ sfd u5{ eg] d t k};f eg]
hlt lbO lbpFnf .Æ /f]zgn] xfF:b} eg] .
æd /f]af]l6ªdf ljbofjfl/lw u/]sf] dfG5] . d]/f] cfkmg} /f]af]6
lgdf{0f ug{] k|of]uzfnf 5 . hflu/af6 cjsf; lnPkl5 d /f]af]6
lgdf{0fd} h'6L/x]sf] 5' . xfn;Dd d}n] 5j6f /f]af]6x? a]rL ;s]“ . tL /
f]af]6x? sf/vfgfdf sfd ug{]jfnf, cfuf] glhs sd ug{]jfnf,
ljh'nLdf sfd ug{]jfnf, /]l8of] ljls/0fo'St :yfgdf sfd ug{]jfnf /
f]af]6x? lyP . clxn] d Pp6f 3]/n' sfd ug{] /faf]6 tof/ ub{}5' .

42. rfxG5f}F eg] Tof] /f]af]6 ltdLnfO{ k7fOlbG5' . dnfO{ vfnL nfut lbP
k'U5 .Æ
æd}n] eg] cg';f/sf ;a} sfd unf{ t < jf:tljs dflg;af6
gePsf sfdx? d]lzgaf6 s] xf]nf <Æ
æltdLn] eg] cg';f/sf sfd t ;lhn} u5{ . Tof] eGbf c? w]/}
sfdx? klg u5{ . gkTofP Ps dlxgf ;Dd kl/If0ful/ x]/ g . lrTt
ga'em] Ps dlxgf kl5 d lkmtf{ n}hfpFnf .Æ
æslt lnG5f} t k};f <Æ
æTo;sf] lgdf{0f ;fdu|L dfq lt; nfv ?k}of nfu]sf] 5 . d]/f]
To;df b'O{ jif{sf] kl/>d klg nfu]sf] 5 . kl/>dsf] d"No !@ nfv
hlt /fVof] eg] To;sf] s'n d"No aofln; nfv eof] . t/ d kl/
>dsf] d"No lnGg ltdL;Fu . c?nfO{ t d}n] krf; nfvsf b/n] a]r]sf]
5' . dnfO{ c? 7fpFaf6 klg dfu cfPsf] 5 . krf; nfvd} d"No to
eO;s]sf] 5 t/ ltd|f] ;d:of b]v]/ dfq eg]sf] 5' .Æ
æd;Fu Tolt k}:ff t 5}g . clxn] k7fO b]p g t, s]lx lbg . /fd|f]
nfUof] eg] ;f]rf}Fnf . /fd|f] gnfu] klg ltdLn] c?;Fu a]Rbf laz nfv
a9L g} kfpg] /x]5fF}F . s] eG5f}F <Æ
æx'G5, c“em} s]xL sfd afFsL 5 . d To;sf] k"0f{tf lbP/
ltdLnfO{ k7fOlbG5' . dnfO{ ljZjfz 5, To;sf] cfudgn] ltd|f] afFsL
hLjg lgs} ;xh x'g]5 .Æ
sdn / /f]zg afns sfn b]lvs} ;fyL lyP . pgLx? k|fylds
tx b]lv dfWolds tx ;Dd Pp6} sIffdf k9]sf lyP . To;j]nf k|
fOe]6 :s'nx? ;a} 7fpFdf gePsfn] b'j}n] ;/sf/L ljbofnod} cWoog
u/]sf lyP . pgLx? Tof] ;dosf d]wfjL ljbofyL{x? lyP . b'j}sf]
cAoSt k|lt:kwf{ eO/xGYof], t/ Jojxf/df lgs} ldNg] ;fyL . Pp6f
sIffdf k|yd :yfgdf cfpFbf csf{] bf]>f] :yfgdf cfpFy] . b'a}sf] pd]/
klg Pp6} lyof] . xfO:s'n ;s]kl5 b'j} cd[t ;fOG; SofDk;df lj1fg
ljifo lnO{ k|ljgtf k|df0f kq txdf egf{ eP . ToxfFaf6 ljlzi6

43. >]0fLdf k|df0f kq tx pTtL0f{ u/]]kl5 sf]nDaf] Knfg cGt/ut
5fqj[lTt kfP/ sdn ;f]leot ;ª3df OlGhlgo/ k9g uP eg] /
f]zg ;f]xL 5fqj[lTtdf s[lif ljifo k9gsf nflu ef/tlt/ uP .
To;j]nf klg b'j}sf] lardf lr77L kq cfbfg k|bfg eO/xGYof] .
ToxfFaf6 kms{]kl5 b'j}hgf ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /x]/ cfkmgf] b]zsf] ;]jf ug{
yfn] . ;/sf/L ;]jf cjlwdf b'j}n] pRr lzIffsf] cj;/ kfP . kl5 b'j}
hgfn] cf–cfkmgf] If]qdf 7"nf] VoftL cfh{g u/]sf lyP . sdnn] cd]l/
sfdf uP/ /f]af]l6ªdf ljbofjfl/lw u/] eg] /f]zgn] ef/tsf] a}ªnf]/
af6 sL6 lj1sf ?kdf ljbofjfl/lw u/]sf lyP . xfn b'j} j}
1flgsx? ! jif{ b]lv cjsfzsf] hLjg ljtfpFb} lyP . ;/sf/L k]zfaf6
cjsf; lnP klg sdn cfkmgf] j}1flgs sfo{df ;lqmo lyP eg] /
f]zg eg] kfl/jfl/s kL8fn] ubf{ k"0f{?kdf lg:s[o hLjg ljtfpFb} lyP .
-@_
To;sf] b'O{ xKtfkl5 sdnn] cfkm' cfO/x]sf] ;"rgf lbP kmf]gaf6
. sf/sf] cfjfh ;'g]kl5 /f]zgn] u]6 vf]n] . sdnsf] sf/ /f]zgsf] 3/
sf] sDkfpG8df cfP/ /f]lsof] . sdn sf/af6 aflx/ lgl:sP . pgL;Fu
Pp6f ;'Gb/ o'jtL klg sf/af6 cf]ln{O . o'jtLsf] cg'xf/ sf7df8f}Fsf]
g]jf/ ;d'bfosL o'jtL;Fu ldNbYof] . ;f9] kfFr km'6 cUnL, uf]/f]
cg'xf/, sfnf] skfn, ldn]sf cfFvL ef}, cfFvfdf ufhn, sfgdf ;fgf
6k, 3fF6Ldf df]tLsf] dfnf nufPsL, lgnf] s'tf{ ;'?
jfndf ;lhPsL ;'Gb/ o'jtLnfO{ b]Vbf /f]zgn] sdnsL :jsLo ;lrj
xf]lng egL cg'dfg u/] . /f]af]6 gb]v]/ csdSs k/] .
/f]zgn] xft ldnfpFb} ;f]w]]–æv}, t /f]af]6 NofPgf}FF <Æ
/f]zgnfO{ csdSs k/]sf] b]v]/ sdnn] o'jltlt/ xftn] b]vfpFb}
eg] æd}n] tof/ u/]sf] gofF /f]af]6 oxL xf] . o;nfO{ d}n] k"0f{ ?
kdf :qLsf] :j?k lbPsf] 5' . o;sf] aflx/L / leqL ;Dk"0f{ cªux?sf]
lgdf{0f ubf{ d}n] 7"nf] kl/>d, nufgL, af}l4s phf{ / ;do vr{]sf] 5' .
l;dn, skf; / /]zdsf] /]zf, /St rGbgsf] w'nf], tfdf, rfFbL / ;'gsf

44. tf/x?bjf/f o;sf] z/L/ / dl:tis lgdf{0f ePsf]n] z/L/ k'/}
nrsbf/ 5 . skfn, gª, bftx?, :tg, uw{g, xft, v'66fx?,
of]gLbjf/ b]lv kf7]3/, d'6' / kmf]S;f] h:tf cªux? ;d]t /fv]sf]
5' . ;Dk"0f{ 3/]n' sfdsfh ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;km6j]o/ tof/ 5 . Tof]
afx]s cGo w]/} sfdx? klg ug{ ;Sg] 5 o;n] . of] d]/f] hLjgsf] 7"nf]
pknlAw klg 7fg]sf] 5' d}n] . d}n] o;nfO{ :qLsf] ?k lbgsf] sf/0f 3/
df sfd nufpFbf :qL g} eof] eg] xfd|f] ;+:s[lt cg';f/ ldNg] 7fg“] .
km]/L kfx'gfx? cfpFbf k'?if eGbf :qLsf] ;Tsf/ kfpFbf a9L cfgGb
dxz'; ub{5g .Æ
/f]zgn] cfZro{ JoSt u/] –æxf]Og, d t k'/} em'lSsP“ t . d}n] t
/f]af]6 eg]/ ;f]Rg} ;lsg . d}n] t ltd|f] kL=P=kf] 7fg]sf] lyP t, s:tf]
cRrd ÛÆ
æltdL x]b{} hfp, ltdL dfq xf]Og, ltd|f] 3/df cfpg] s;}n] klg
of] oGq dfgj eg]/ lrGg] 5}gg . d}n] o;sf] gfd s'GtL /flv lbPsf]
5' . ltdLnfO{ dg kb{}g eg] clxn] g} abNg ;S5f} .Æ sdnn] eg] .
æPsbd /fd|f] gfd 5 . dnfO{ dg k¥of] . a? o;nfO{ sfd u/
fpg] tl/sf, Jof6«L rfh{ ug{] tl/sf, lj>fd u/fpg] ;a} s'/f :ki6 kfl/
b]p . kl5 dnfO{ ;d:of gxf]; . ltdLnfO{ klg k6s k6s kmf]gsf]
306Ln] emGem6 gnufcf]; .Æ /f]zgn] v'l; x'Fb} eg] .
sdnn] uf8Laf6 Pp6f Ps 3gkm'6sf] afs; lgsfNb} eg]–
æo;nfO{ ;Grfng ug'{ s'g} sl7g 5}g . of] k"0f{ :jrflnt / sDKo'6/
fOh 5 . cfjfhsf] e/df ;a} sfd u5]{ . ;a} k|sf/sf cfjfh /
zAbx? klxrfg u/L ;f]xL cg';f/sf] sfd ug{ ;Sg] a]hf]8sf] Ifdtf 5
o;df . o;n] ltd|f] 3/sf] ;Dk"0f{ sfdx? ;kmntf ;fy ug]{ 5 . vfgf
ksfpg], efF8f ;kmf ug]{, sk8f ;kmf ug]{, 3/ ;kmf ug]{, uf]8d]n ug]{,
km"njf/Ldf kfgL xfNg], 3/ ;hfpg], kfx'gfx?nfO{ :jfut ug]{,
ljbfO{ ug]{, 9f]sf vf]Ng], nufpg,] ljh'nL afNg], lgefpg], l6= eL=

45. rnfpg] cflb sfdx? ug{sf nflu ;km6j]/ /fvL lbPsf] 5' . oL afx]s
ltdLn] cfb]z lbPsf cGo sfdx? ;d]t ug]{ 5 . o;sf]key word g}
ltd|f] / d]/f] cfjfh xf] . ltdLn] OR5f u/]sf sfdx? cfkm} ug{ ;Sg]
Ifdtf x'g]5 . 3/ sDkfp08 aflx/ eg] ;s];Dd gn}hfg' . o;sf] rfh{
ug{sf] nflu tLg 306f 3fddf a:g' kg]{5 jf d}n] tof/ u/]sf] h]g]/]6/
sf] k|sfz o;sf] 6fpsf]df kg]{ u/L & 306f ;'tfpg' kg]{5 . d
of] /]l8of] cfO;f]6f]kbjf/f tof/ ul/Psf] h]g]/]6/ o;sf] ;'Tg] knªusf]
6fpsf] lt/ leQfdf h8fg ul/lbG5' . of] /]l8of] cfO;f]6f]kbjf/f lgld{t
h]g]/]6/ sDtLdf ;o aif{ l6Sg]5 . /ftL bz ah] ;'Tg hfp eg] kl5
of] ;'Tg hfG5] . of] ;'Tg] ljlQs} h]g]/]6/ c6f] cfg x'G5 / rfh{ eO/
xG5 . ;ft 306f kl5 rfh{ k'/f ePkl5 c6f] ckm x'G5 . rfh{ k'/f
ePkl5 ltd|f] 9f]sfdf k|ltIff/t /xg] 5 . rfh{ eO/xbf p7fpg ;lsb}
g .Æ
æs'g} sfd dnfO{ dg k/]g eg] s] ug]{ < s'g} vt/fhgs
sfo{ ug{ nfUbf s;/L /f]Sg ;lsG5 t <Æ
æltd|f] OR5f a'em]/ sfd ug]{ xF'bf ltd|f] cfb]z ljgfsf s'g} sfd
u g ] { ; D e f j g f x ' F b } g . o ; d f c ? ; a } s ' / f x ?
ePklg ;dj]bgfsf] ;km6]j/ /flvPsf] 5}g . ?g] / xfF:g] sfdx?,
lrGtf,s'07f, lg/fzf cflb s'/fx? gx'g] eP kl5 l/;fpg] sfd klg x'Fb}
g . To;}n] l/;fP/ sfd ljufg]{ s'/} cfpFb}g . t}klg of] l/df]6 /fv .
s]xL v/fjL cfpg yfNof] eg] jf nfdf] ;dosf] nflu 3/ aflx/ hfg'
k¥of] eg] ckm ul/lbg' . t/ l/df]6 w]/} rnfof] eg] s]lGb|o ;+rf/df
c;/ kg{ ;SGf] ePsf]n] clt cfjZos k/] dfq l/df]6 rnfpg' .Æ
sdnn] l/df]6 lbFb} eg] .
sdnn] s'GtLsf] s'tf{sf] 5]pdf /x]sf] ;fgf] a6g lemls lbPkl5
s'GtL af]Ng yfnL . p;n] /f]zg lt/ xft hf]8]/ egL–ægd:t] ;/ ÛÆ
ægd:t] Û ltd|f] gfd s] xf] gfgL <Æ
æs'GtL ;/ ÛÆ

46. æltdL cfhb]lv d;Fu a:g] x} t <Æ
æx'G5 ;/ ÛÆ
æltdLnfO{ lrof agfpg cfpF5 <Æ
æcfpF5 ;/ Û dnfO{ vfgf, gf:tf, lrof agfpg cfpF5 .Æ
æcfp t d ltdLnfO{ ;a} ;fdfg b]vfpF5' . b'O{ sk lrof agfP/
Nofp t .Æ /f]zgn] efG;fsf]7f b]vfpg nu] .
lrof vfP/ sdn / /f]zg ldn]/ s'GtLsf] ;'Tg]sf]7f tof/ u/] .
knªusf] l;/fgLlt/ leQfdf sdnn] h]g]/]6/ h8fg ul/lbP .
To;sf] ;+rfng ug]{ tl/sf ;a} ldnfO{ lbP . Tof] oGq s'GtLsf] sf]8
gDj/ ldn]kl5 dfq cfkm} :jLr cfg eP/ sfo{ ug{ yfNbYof] eg] rfh{
k'/f ePkl5 c6f] ckm x'GYof] . otL u/]kl5 sdnn] /f]zg;Fu ljbf
dfUb} eg]æn /f]zg d ca hfG5' . s]xL ;d:of k¥of] eg] dnfO{ kmf]g
ug'{ . dnfO{ k'0f{ ljZjf; 5 sL Ps dlxgf;Dd o;sf] sfd x]¥of} eg]
ltdL o;nfO{ 5f]8g ;Sg] 5}gf}F t/ klg d"No a9L nfUof] eg] cyjf
o;sf] sfd dg k/]g eg] Psdlxgf kl5 d o;nfO{ lkmtf{ n}hfg] 5' .
Ps dlxgf k/LIf0f ul/ x]/ .Æ
-#_
s'GtLsf] cfudgn] /f]zgsf] hLjgdf gofF kl/jt{g cfpFg yfNof] .
laxfg lrof agfO{ Nofpg], g'xfpgsf nflu n'ufkmf6f] tof/ ul/lbg],
a|;dGhg l7s kf/Llbg] ,;]leªu d]lzg l7s kfg{], sk8f ;kmf ug{],
k6ofP/ b/fhdf /fVg], x}ªu/df e'm08fpg], sk8fdf k|]; ug{], h'Ttf
kfln; ug{], vfgf ksfpg], efF8f ;kmf ug{], 3/ cfFug ;kmf ug{],
af]6jL?jf uf]8d]n ug{] / kfgL xfNg], 3/ ;hfpg], udnf ;hfP/ /fVg],
OG8f]/ knfG6 l7s 7fpFdf /fVg], t/sf/L nufpg]], kmnkm'n sf6]/
Nofpg], crf/ agfpg], jLo/df XoL:sL ldnfO ss6]n tof/ ug{] x/]s
sfd s'GtLn] ub{yL . p x/jvt sfd ug{ tTk/ /xGyL . ljxfg kfFr
ah] g} p7]/ cfkmgf] z/L/ ;kmf ub{yL, l;ªuf/ k6f/ ub{yL clg /
f]zgsf] ;'Tg] sf]7f aflx/ klv{/xGyL . /f]zg p7]kl5 g'xfp“y] .

47. To;kl5 dlg{ª jfsdf hfGy] . dlg{ª jfsaf6 kms{]kl5 lrof vfGy],
klqsf k9y] . 3/df ;a} ;dfgx? l7s l7s 7fpFdf /flvPsf x'Gy] .
st} hfFbf s'GtLn] g} sf]6, k}G6, h'Ttf nufO{ lbGyL . k'/fgf n'uf ;kmf
u/]/ gL/ xfnL k|]; u/]/ 6nSs kf/LlbGyL . 6fO{ nufO lbGyL .
uf8L ;kmf uyL{, clg u]6 vf]Ng hfGyL . hfg] ;dodf xft xNnfpFb}
eGyL æ;dod} kms{g' xf]nf ;/ .Æ
aflx/af6 cfpFbf /f]zgsf] uf8Lsf] cfjfh lrg]/ bf}8]/ u]6 vf]Ng
hfGyL . u]6 vf]n]/ lgx'/]/ gd:sf/ ub{} eGyL æ:jfut 5 ;/ .Æ
sf]7fdf cfPkl5 sf]6 k}G6 vf]n]/ gofF n'uf nufO{ lbGyL . h'Ttf
l7s ufpFdf /fVyL . /f]zg xft d'v wf]Oj/L cfpFbf s'GtLn] lrof
gf:tf NofO;s]sL x'GyL . kfx'gfx? cfpFbf :jfut / ljbfO{ ug{], lrof,
gf:tf, vfgf agfO{ v'jfpg] sfdx? ub{yL . ;'Tg] ;dodf j]8 lj:t/f
ldnfpg], em'n /fVg], tGgf abNg], sf]7fsf] tfkqmd ldnfpg], uf]8f
bafpg] sfdx? s';ntfsf;fy ub{yL . /f]zgn] …;'Tg hfpFÚ eg]kl5
dfq ;'Tg hfGyL . /f]zgn] slxn] sfxLF cfkm"nfO{ ev{/ hGd]sf] aRrf
h:tf] ;DemGy] . To; ;dodf ;a}sfd cfdfn] ug'{x'GYof] . clxn]
s'GtLn] ub{5] . …o;n] t dnfO{ aRrf agfO{ ;sL .Ú pgL ;f]Rby] .
3/ aflx/sf sfdx? eg] /f]zgn] cfkm} ub{y] . ahf/af6
n'ufkmf6f], t/sf/L, kmnkm'n, g'g, rfdn, bfn cflb vl/b u/L Nofpg],
3/ dd{t / /ªu/f]ug ug]{, ljbo't, vfg]kfgL, 6]lnkmf]g dd{t ug{sf
nflu dflg; af]nfpg], ljleGg uf]i7L ;]ldgf/df ;xefuL x'g], ;fdflhs
sfo{df ;xefuL x'g] sfdx? uy{] . pgdf gofF hf]; / km'lt{ cfpg
yfNof] . /fd|f] vfgkLg / :ofxf/ ;';f/n] z/L/ :j:Yo x'g yfNof] .
pgn] ca km]/L cg';Gwfg / n]vg sfo{ ;'? u/] . kq klqsfdf :tDe
n]Vg yfn] . s'GtLn] cg';Gwfgd"ns n]v /rgf sDKo'6/df 6fOk ug{ ;
3fpyL . pgL ca b]z ljb]zsf ;]ldgf/df ;xefuL x'g yfnL;s]sf
lyP .

48. ;do hfg slt j]/ nfU5 / < o; 3/df s'GtLsf] cfudg ePsf]
b'O{ dlxgf eO;s]sf] lyof] . of] b'O{ dlxgfdf /f]zgsf] hLjgdf 7'nf]
kl/jt{g eO;s]sf] lyof] . pgn] s'GtLNfO{ pwf/f] lsg]/ NofPsf] eGg]
s'/f ljl;{;s]sf lyP . Pslbg sdnsf] kmf]g cfof] .
l/lde/ p7fpFb} /f]zgn] eg] æx]nf] sdn .Æ
æx]nf] /f]zg s] 5 ltd|f] xfn vj/ <Æ
æPs bd} l7s 5' . d t ca ;+;f/df ;a}eGbf ;'vL dflg; kf]
ePsf] 5' . s'GtL t d}n] ;f]r]sf] eGbf xhf/ u'0ff c;n kf] 5] t ÛÆ
æs] u5f}F t < s'lGtsf] sfd ug{] z}nL s:tf] 5 < p;sf] sfdaf6
ltdL slt ;Gt'i6 eof} < p;nfO{ cfkm};Fu /fV5f} sL lkmtf{ k7fp5f}F <Æ
æd Psbd} ;Gt'i6 5' . d t ca s'lGtnfO{ s'g} d"Nodf klg
5f]8g ;lSbg . ltd|f] k};f d ef]nL g} vftfdf xfnL lbG5' . p;n] d]/f]
3/sf] sfofkn6 ul/lbPsL 5] . a? km';{b ldnfP/ Ps lbg ot} vfg
vfg] u/L cfp . s'lGtn] agfPsf] vfg]s'/f v'jfpF5' d ltdLnfO{ .Æ
æx'G5, d km';{b ldnfP/ Ps lbg cfpFnf . s'g} ;d:of k¥of] eg]
va/ u/ .Æ sdnn] kmf]g /flvlbP .
lbg, dlxgf, jif{ ljTb} uP . /f]zg ca k};66L jif{ k'uL;s]sf
lyP . s'GtL pgsf] 3/df cfPsf] klg rf/ jif{ k'uL;s]sf] lyof] . /
f]zgsf] :jf:y Psbd /fd|f] lyof] . l7s ;dodf lrof, gf:tf / vfgf,
l7s ;dodf ;'Tg] / p7g], laxfg dlg{ªjfs, plrt Jofofd / :gfg
tyf plrt :ofxf/ kfpFbfsf] bL3{hLlj x'Fb}g / < pgL ;dfhsf x/]s
sfo{df ;lqmo /xGy] . cg';Gwfgsf] If]qdf pgsf] sfo{n] ubf{ s[lifdf
gofF ;'wf/ cfPsf] lyof] . sDKo'6/ 6fOKf, n]vg sfo{sf] nflu s'lGt 5b}
lyO{ . pgn] sof}F k6s cg';Gwfg d"ns ;]ldgf/df efu lnP . cGt/
f{li6«o ;]ldgf/df hfFbf s'lGtsf] :jLr ckm u/]/ hfGy] . o;/L hLjg
rnL/xsf] lyof] . 5f]/fa'xf/L g]kfn kms]{sf lyPgg . gftL s'gfn klg
ca afx| jif{ k'lu;s]sf] lyof] .

49. pgn] s]xL lbg b]lv s'lGtsf] Jojxf/df ;–;fgf] kl/jt{g ePsf]
dx;'; u/]sf lyP, t/ cfkm'nfO{ To:tf] nfu]sf] dfq xf]nf eg]/ w]/}
Wofg lbPsf lyPgg . Pslbg /f]zgnfO{ ;fdfGo ?3fvf]sL nfUof] .
xNsf Hj/f] klg cfof] . lj:t/fdf ;'tL /fv] . vfg klg sd vfP .
s'lGtn] k6s k6s kfgL ttfP/ NofO{ . lgwf/df lr;f] ?dfn /fvL lbO{
. kmnkm'nsf] /; lknfO{ . uf]8f bfaL lbO{ . skfn d';f/L lbO{ . pgL
n77 lgbfP . pgL ljplembf dWo/ft eO;s]sf] lyof] . s'lGt
cem} ;]jfdf g} h'6L/x]sL lyO{ . pgn] ;'Tg hfp geg]sfn] ;'Tg
guPsL xf]nL eg]/ ;'Tg] cfb]z lbP t/ p;n] ;'Tg dflgg . p;n]
egL, æ;/ xh'/ lj/fdL x'g'x'G5 . d ;'t]kl5 s;n] :ofxf/ u5{ < a?
d ef]nL ;"of{]bo ePkl5 3fddf a;]/ zlSt u|xg u?Fnf . clxn] xh'/
nfO{ 5f]8g ;lSbg .Æ
s'lGtn] cfb]zsf] cj1f ub{} Tof] /ft /f]zgsf] ;]jf ub{} ljtfO{ .
p;sf] /fd|f] :ofxf/n] /f]zgn] rf8} :jf:Yo nfe u/] .
/f]zgsf] r'/f]6= lkpg] jfgL lyof] . Ps lbg ;fFem kv r'/f]6 lkO/
x]sf lyP . s'lGtn] r'/f]6 vf];]/ kmflnlbO{ . p;n] egL–æ;/ xh'/n]
cfh P3f/j6f r'/f]6 lkO;Sg' eof] . dnfO{ dfkm ug'{ xf]nf . olt w]/}
r'/f]6 lkpg' /fd|f] xf]Og .Æ
/f]zgn] oL s'/fx? crDd dfg], /f]af]6df s;/L z/L/sf] lrGtf
x'G5 < sdnn] eg]sf lyP, …oGq dfgjdf ;dj]bgf x'b}g .Ú…of] s'/f
sdnnfO{ ;f]Wg' knf{ .Ú eGg] ;f]r] t/ s]xL ;do kl5 of] s'/f lj;{] .
To;sf] Ps dlxgf kl5 /f]zg ;fFem kfFr ah] cfpF5' eg]/ s'g} ;]ldgf/
df efu lng uPsf lyP . kms{bf ;fFem cf7 alh;s]sf] lyof] . 3/df
cfpFbf lrof gf:tf 6]a'ndf /fv]/ s'lGt klv{/x]sL lyO{ . Tof] lr;f]
eO;s]sf] lyof] . vfgf kfs]sf] lyPg . /f]zgn] s'lGtnfO{ eg]–æd 3/df
gx'Fbf lrof gf:tf gagfpg' eg]sf], ltdL lsg dfGb}gf}F < hfp vfgf
ksfpg .Æ

50. s'lGtn] sk, Kn]6 p7fO{ / ?g kf] yfnL . p;n] vfgf ksfpFbf
klg /f]O/x]sL lyO{ .
ælsg /f]Psf] <Æ egL /f]zgn] ;f]Wbf p;n] egL æxh'/
nfO{ cfhef]nL d}n] agfPsf] vfg ld7f] nfUg 5f]8]sf] 5 . ljxfg
l/;fpg' ef] . cfh kfFr ah] cfpF5' eg]/ cf7 ah] dfq kms{g' eof] .
xh'/n] d]/f] dgsf] s'/f slxn} a'emg' ePg .Æ
s'lGtsf s'/f ;'g]/ /f]zg em;ªu eP . pgn] of] /f]af]6 xf]
sL ;fRrLs} :jf:gL dflg; xf] 5'6ofpg ;s]gg . /f]af]6 egf}
F ;Dk"0f{ dfgjLo nIf0fx? b]vfO/x]sL 5] . dflg; egf}F Jof6«L rfh{ u/]/
rNb5] . pgn] t'?Gt kmf]g nufP/ sdnnfO{ ;a} s'/f atfP .
ptfaf6 sdnn] eg]–æ/f]zg, of] Hofb} g/fd|f] s'/f ;'gfof} .
oGqdfgjdf ;dj]bgf cfpg' eg]sf] dfgj ;d'bfodf vt/f lglDtg' xf]
. p;n] h'g;'s} ;dodf klg 3ft ug{ ;S5] . l/df]6 lyr]/ :jLr ckm
ul/b]p . c? s'/f d cfPkl5 u/f}nf .Æ
/f]zgn] l/df]6 knªusf] 3/f{df /fVy] . ToxfF l/df]6 lyPg . st}
v:of] sL eg]/ otfptf vf]h] . l/df]6 st} lyPg . pgn] s'lGtnfO{ æl/
df6 v} <Æ eg]/ ;f]w] .
p;n] xfF:b} egL –æl/df]6 t d}n] kmflnlbP“ . dnfO{ lsg l/
df]6af6 rnfpg' k5{ / < d cfkm}F rNg ;S5' , lx8g ;S5', sfd
ug{ ;S5', af]Ng ;S5', ;a} sfd ug{ ;S5' . d klg c? :jf:gL
dflg;h:t} ;a} s'/f ljrf/ ug{ ;S5' .Æ
sl/j gf} ah]lt/ sdn cfOk'u] . b'a}hgf crDddf k/]sf lyP .
sdnn] eg]–æd}n] o;sf] s]Gb|Lo :gfo' k|0ffnLdf :jf:gL
dflg;sf :gfo' tGt'x? klg k|of]u u/]sf] lyP“ . ;fob To;df j}rfl/s
tGt'x?sf] ;DaGw lj:tf/ ePsf] x'g ;S5 . To;sf] nflu k|of]uzfnfdf
lnP/ kl/If0f ug'{kg{] x'G5 . o;nfO{ d lnP/ hfG5' . olb ;dj]bgf

51. ljsf; x'g] sf/0f kTtf nfu]g eg] s'lGtsf] cGTo g} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg
x'g]5 .Æ
æsdn, s'lGtsf] e/df g} d]/f] k|f0f cus]sf] 5 . d o;sf]
ljbfO{ s;/L ug{ ;S5' < clxn] g} s]xL pkfo 5}g <Æ
æof] afx]s csf]{ pkfo g} 5}g .o;nfO{ olTts} 5f8of] eg] 7"nf]
cgy{ x'g ;Sb5 .Æ sdnn] olt eGb} s'GtLnfO{ af]nfP/ eg] æs'GtL
ltdL d;+u hfg'kg]{ eof], rfF8} tof/ xf]p .Æ
ægfO{, d hfGg . dnfO{ oxL 3/ dg k5{ . dnfO{ cg]q hfg] dg
5}g . d gePkl5 ;/nfO{ vfgf s;n] lbG5 < sk8f s;n] ;kmf u5{<
pxfFnfO{ t lrof vfg klg s/ ug'{k5{ . g'xfpg klg ;Demfpg' k5{ .Æ
s'lGtn] egL .
æx'Fb}g, ltdL d;Fu hfg} kb{5 . ltd|f] Onfh gu/L ePsf] 5}g .
gq eg] b'O{–rf/ lbg leq ltd|f] cjzfg x'g]5 . ltd|f] rfF8} Onfh eof]
eg] km]/L cfFpg ;sf}nL . clxn] hfg} k5{, tof/L u/ .Æ sdnn] hf]8
lbP/ eg] .
s'lGtn] b'j}hgfsf] nflu vfgf nufO{ . kmnkm'n sf6]/ ;nfb tof/
kf/L . vfgf vfPkl5 efF8fx? ;kmf u/L . 3/ j/Lk/L ;j}lt/ ;kmf u/L
. sk8fx? k6ofP/ b/fhdf /fvL lbO{ . /f]zgsf] lj:t/f ldnfO{ lbO{ .
em'n /fvL lbO{ . ?Fb} uP/ sk8f abnL . cfP/ /f]zgsf] v'66f 5f]O{,
clg ?b} egL–æd clxn] hfG5' . rfF8} Onfh u/]/ kms{g] 5' . d}n] s]xL
b'Mv lbPsf] eP Ifdf ug'{xf]nf . d xh'/nfO{ ;DemL/xg] 5' . dnfO{glj;
{g' xf]nf . ljxfg l7s ;dodf p7]/ g'xfpg' xf]]]]nf . dlg{ªjfsaf6
kms{]kl5 kmnkm'n sf6]/ lk|mhdf /fvL lbPsL 5', vfg'xf]nf . sk8f k|];
u/]/ b/fhdf /fvL lbPsL 5' . r'/f]6 w]/} glkpg'xf]nf . ljxfg 5 ah]
b'wjfnf cfpF5 . glj;{g'xf]nf . vfg]s'/f ;dodf vfg'xf]nf . s'g} ;dfg
ge]6fP dnfO{ va/ ug'{xf]nf . d uP klg d]/f] ;Demgf xh'/;Fu} 5 . d
hfG5' .Æ otL eGb} s'lGt km]/L efG;fdf uO{ . b'wsf] lunf; NofP/ /

52. f]zgsf] 6]j'ndf /fvL lbO{ clg lxSs lxSs ?Fb} uP/ sdnsf] sf/df
a;L . sdnn] sf/ :6f6{ u/] .
/f]zg t 8fFsf] 5f]8]/ ?g yfn] . o;/L t pgL zfGtfsf] d'To' x'Fbf
klg /f]Psf lyPgg . 5f]/fn] 3/ 5f]8bf /f]Psf lyPgg . s'lGt uPkl5
sf/ rn]sf] cfjfh ;'g] . p7g] dg nfu]g . cl3 ;Dd Hofb} /dfONff]
nfUg] 3/ clxn] e't aªunf h:tf] nfUof], pgnfO{ . lj:t/fdf kN6]/
w]/} j]/ /f]P .
&= gofF ;fOsn
ljxfg kfFr ah]sf] ;dodf p7]/ h'gls/L s/fpFb} lyO{, æof] 3/sf
dflg; slt ;'Tg hfg]sf x'g <, afa' p:t}, 5f]/f5f]/L p:t} . ;a}lt/
cfkm}F x]g'{ kg{] . 3/sf] ;/ ;dfg x/fPsf] klg yfxf 5}g . s;}n] ;a}
wg ;DklTt rf]/]sf] klg yfxf 5}g . s] ePsf x'g <Æ
d em6k6 p7“] clg lj:t/faf6} ;f]w“] æs] eof] P ;f]d]sL cfdf
<lsg laxfg} s/fO/x]sL <Æ
æ;a} yf]s eof] gL Û lxhf] sf]lnofsf] 9f]sf nufpg} la;{]5 . ltdL
To:t}, of] ;f]d] p:t} . rd]nL / h'gfsf] t emg s] s'/f ug{] < s;} g
s;}sf] t r]t cfpg' k5{ . of] 3/sf dflg; x'g / < ;f]Tt/ :ofpnf
x'g . r]t x/fPsf .Æ p kmtkmtfpb} lyO{ cfkmg} ;'/df .
æcfkmg} ;'/df slt s/fO /x]sL < s'/f s] xf] eg g Û s'/f eGg'
5}g . s/fPsL 5,5 .Æ d}n] k'gM eg] .
æs] x'g' lg < d]/f] ;fOsn 5}g . rf]/n] nu]5 . 9f]sf gnufPsf]
df}sf kf/]kl5 lng] g} eof] gL Û ca s]df r9]/ hfg] gL clkm; < ca
k/]g km;fb .Æ p cfugdf emf? nufpFb} s/fO/x]sL lyO{ .
dnfO{ ofb cfof], of] ;fOsn @)%% ;fn cfiff8 % ut] lsg]sL
lyO, p;n] . clxn] ;fOsn lsg]sf] kGb| jif{ eO;s]sf]

53. lyof] . ;fob ;f]d] hGd]s} ;fn xf] . Tof] a]nf h'gsLl/nfO{ Pshgf
cfkmGtn] lhNnf x'nfs sfof{no afFs]df lkogsf] hflu/ nufO{ lbPsf
lyP . Tof] a]nf ;f]d] 5 dlxgfsf] lyof] . d g]kfn uGhsf] kmTt]jfn
cfFvf c:ktfndf rf}lsbf/ lyP“ . vr{ r]/} lyPg . p;n] x'nfs
sfof{noaf6 a'em]sf] klxnf] dlxgfsf] tnaaf6 Tof] ;fOsn lsg]sL
lyO{ . cfFvf c:ktfnsf] glhs} sf]7f ef8fdf lnP/ a;]sf lyof}F . b'j}
hgfn] sdfpg] ePkl5 s]xL k};f art eof] . d]/f] 8o'l6 /ftdf x'g]
ePsf]n] lbge/L d aRrf x]/]/ a:y]F . xfdLn] Tof] j]nf km'N6]“u|f /f]8sf]
aflx/ k66L laz xhf/df 38]/L lnof}F . kl5 To;}df a}Fsaf6 C0f lnP/
rf/sf]7fsf] 3/ klg agfof+} . To; a]nf hLjg /fd|f] x'Fb} hfg] s'/fdf
xfdL 9'Ss lyof}F .
;do ljTb} uof] . dx+uL a9b} uof] . kl5 rd]nL / h'gfsf] hGd
eof] . % hgfsf] kl/jf/sf] kfng kf]if0f ug'{, a}Fssf] Aofh ltg'{,
kfx'gfx?sf] ;Tsf/ ug'{, rf8kj{x? dgfpg',cf}iflw pkrf/ ug'{ lkog /
rf}lsbf/sf] hflu/n] slt y]Ug] < kl5 5f]/f5f]/L :s'n hfg yfn]kl5
vr{ emg a9of] . vr{ wfGg ufx|f] x'Fb} uof] . h'gsL/Lsf] ;fOsn k'/fgf]
x'Fb} uof] . lju|]sf ;dfg abNbf abNbf Tof] a'9f] ;fOsndf larsf]
808L afx]s cfkmgf] s]xL ar]sf] lyPg . ;fOsn rnfpFbf
s6s6====s6s6=== =r'O{r'O{=======r'O{r'O{sf] cfjfh lbGYof] . x'nfs
sfof{noaf6 3/ ;Ddsf ;a}n] h'gls/LnfO{ lrgL ;s]sf lyP, x'nfssf]
lkog eg]/ . lrn h:t} cfjfh lgsfNg] ;fOsn r9g] x'gn] p;sf]
gfd s;}n] lrnufl8 /fvL lbof] . Tof] gfd ;a}lt/ k|rf/ ePsf] lyof] .
p;n] ;fOsn rnfpFbf cfjfhaf6} dflg;x?n] lrnufl8 xf]nf eg]/
lrGby]F . ;fOsn rnfpg klg v'j hf]8 nufpg' kb{Yof] . slxn] sflxF
Tof] ;fOsn r9]/ t/sf/L lng hfFbf /fgL tnfpsf] ;AhL d08L k'u]/
kms{g klg dnfO{ lgs} sl7g kb{Yof] . h'gls/L s;/L lbglbg} ;fOsn
r9]/ clkm; hfFg] cfpg] uyL{, dnfO{ crDd nfUYof] .

54. k6s k6s d}n] p;nfO{ of] yf]qmf] ;fOsn slt r95]; < kmflnb]
. b'O gDa/ cfn' t s;/L gcfpnf < csf{] ;fOsn lsg . Ps
dlxgfsf] tnj t hfg] xf] gL eg]/ ;fOsn lsGg s/ u/]sf] lyP“ .
p;n] eGg] uly{ æ3/sf] C0f lt/L ;s]kl5 lsgf}Fnf gL Û clxn]
sfd rn]s} 5 . lbgdf b'O{ k6s r9g' kg{] t xf]gL ;fOsn . 5f]/fsf]
6o';g kmL, 5f]/Lsf] 8«]; lsGg' 5 . lsg C0f af]Sg] <Æ
3/sf] C0f eg] 36g]sf] gfd} lyPg . Aofh a'emfof] . ;fFjf t
a;]s} x'GYof] . of] a+}sn] g} vfPsf] lyof] tnj ;a} . xfdL t sfd
u¥of], xf8 3f]6of], dlxgfsf] tnj a'emof], uP/ Aofh a'emfof] . a?
ef8fd} a;]sf] eP clxn] ;Dd a'emfPsf] Aofhaf6 o:tf t b'Oj6f 3/
aGy]F xf]nf . d}n] eGy] æ;f]d]sL cfdf, of] 3/sf] C0f slxn] klg
lt/]/ ;lsg] 5}g . slt b'Mv u5{]; < Pp6f /fd|f] ;fOsn lsg . lsg]
kl5 lsGof lsGo} x'G5 . C0f 5 eGb}df ef]s} a:g' t ePg gL ÛÆ
æxf]Og, clxn] lsGbLg . 5f]/fn] !@ sIff ;sf]; . Tof] a]nf ;Dd
rd]nL / h'gf klg d]l6«s unf{g lg Û vr{ 36of] eg] t ;a} k};f C0f
ltg{df nufofF} eg] hfaf] C0f ltg{ sltj]/ nfUnf t < To;kl5
Pp6f /fd|f] ;fOsn lsG5' . Pp6f ;'gsf] l;s|L nufpg klg dg
nfu]sf] 5 . Tof] klg lsG5' . clg t km'tL{ cfOxfN5 gL ÛÆ
æ;f]d]sL cfdf, d]/f] t hflu/ :yfoL slxn} ePg . k|fOe]6
c:ktfn g k¥of] . a? t]/f] t ;/sf/L hflu/, :yfoL ePsf] klg
cf7÷bz jif{ eO ;Sof] . ;+ro sf]ifdf t k};f hDdf eof] xf]nf lg,
ToxL NofP/ C0f lt/f}F . slt C0f af]Sg] <Æ d}n] eGy]F .
p;n] eGg] uyL{ æx'Gg a'9f, Tof] k};fn] t d of] xfd|f] 3/
k5fl8sf] hUuf lsGg] xf] . clnslt t/sf/L /f]Kg] 7fpF klg t rflxof]
gL, C0f eGg] s'/f ltb{} u/f}Fnf gL Û lsg xtf/ ug{] <Æ
dnfO{ yfxf lyof], p;sf] OR5f slxn] klg k'/f x'g] lyPg . 5f]/
f5f]/Lsf] k9fO{ cem} ;lsPsf] lyPg . g]kfndf a]/f]huf/Lsf] b/ olt w]/}
lyof] sL logLx?n] hflu/ kfpFg] 5}gg . hflu/sf] nflu klg ;f];{ kmf];{

55. rflxG5 . cfkmgf] To:tf] s]xL 5}g . 5f]/f 5f]/Lsf] ljjfx ug'{ k¥of] .
Tolt ubf{ ub{} hflu/ vfg] pd]/ ;lsG5 . a'9];sfn nfUof] eg] cg]s
lsl;dsf /f]ux?n] RofK5g . cf]vtL d'nf] d} slt k};f hfG5 . ufpF3/
sf Oi6ldqsf 3/df ePsf k'hfcfhf, ljjfxx?df k};f g} rflxg] .
hdfgf ablnO{ ;Sof] . htf uof] k};} rflxG5 . rGbf, bfg blIf0ff,
rf8kj{ cflbsf] vr{ a9]sf] a9o} 5 . 5f]/f 5f]/Ln] df]jfOnsf] dfu
u5{g . df]jfOn lsg]/ dfq sxfF x'G5 < Todf k};f xfnL /xg' k5{ .
To;}n] 3/sf] C0f lt/L ;s]/ 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] k9fO ;s]/
gofF ;fOsn / ;'gsf] l;qmL lsGg] h'gsLl/sf] /x/ slxn} k'/f x'g]jfnf
lyPg .
d}n] eGy]F æ;f]d]sL cfdf, xfd|f] bl/b|tf slxn} x6g] 5}g . of] yf]qf]
;fOsnn] tnfO{ s'g} lbg b'3{6gf u/fpg] 5 . 3'F8f b'Vg] /f]u hufpg]
5 . of] ;fOsn a]r . s]xL /sd yk]/ csf{] cnL /fd|f] ;fOsn lsg .
b'O{ lbgsf] hLjg t xf] . slt nf]e u5{]; <Æ
p;n] eGyL æof] rfgr'g] ;fOsn sxfF xf] / < of] t
P6n; ;fOsn kf] t Ûo;n] Ps SjLG6n ef/L t ;lhn} af]S5 .
nf]esf] s'/f xf]Og a'9f, of] kmf/f]ltgf]sf] s'/f xf] . k};f arfPkl5 s'g}
lbg sfd nfU5 .Æ
k};f t slxn] arfpg ;lsGYof] / < k};f cfpg] af6f] Pp6f dfq
lyof] . vr{ x'g] af6fx? xhf/j6f lyP . xfd|f] 3/ hfh/sf]6 8fF8fufpF
uflj; j8f g+ % df lyof] . w]/} ;Gtfg O{Zj/sf j/bfg eGg] pvfg
xfd|f] 3/df nfu' lyof] . xfdL % efOx? / $ lbbL alxgLx?sf] kfng
kf]if0fsf] lhDdf kfPsf d]/f af–cfdf;Fu yf]/} le/fnf] hUuf / Ps xn
uf]? tyf !% j6f afv|fx? lyP . xfdL ;a} efO alxgLn] k|fylds tx
eGbf dfly k9g ;s]gf}F . vfgf nufpg lgs} sl7g k/]sf] lyof] .
lbg/ft xf8 3f]6]/ d]/f af cfdf k/d]Zj/sf] e/df afFRg' ePsf] lyof] .
hlt b'v kbf{ klg x] b}j t}F 5; eGg' x'GYof] . d ;flxFnf] lyP . d}n]
Pslbg larf/ u/] slDtdf d geP kl5 Pp6f efu t sd x'G5 .

56. nufpgnfO{ Pp6f ef]6L t sd x'G5 . To;}n] Ps lbg /ftL 3/af6
efu]“ . pHofnf] gx'Fb} l/Dgfsf] k'n kf/ ul/;s]sf] lyP“ . st} dfUb},
st} rf]/L ub{}, t/fOdf em/]“ . g]kfn uGhsf] Pp6f xf]6ndf efF8f dfem]F
. kl5 s;}af6 yfxf kfP“, cfFvf c:ktfndf rf}lsbf/ vf]h]sf] 5 . d]/f]
;a} s'/f ;'g]kl5 rf}sLbf/ sfd kfP“ . ot} a:g yfNbf b}n]vaf6
a;fO{ ;/L sDbLdf cfPsf d]/f ;;'/fsf] klg l:ylt p:t} lyof] . d]/
L ;f;' / h'gls/L cfdf 5f]/L bfp/f a]r]/ u'h/f rnfpy]F . bfp/ lsGg]
qmddf h'gls/L ;Fu e]6 eof] . dfof lk|lt a;]kl5 ljjfx u/]“, glhs}
sf] xl6of afaf dlGb/df uP/ . b'j} hgfn] ;fg} ePklg sfd kfpFbf /
zx/df 3/ agfpFbf d]/f cfkmGtx?n] crDd dfg] . 7'nf] dflg; ePsf],
zx/df 3/ agfPsf], w]/} k};f sdfPsf] xNnf eP5 . To;}n] kfx'gfx?
klg cfFpg] g} eP . cfkmgf] xfnt eg] ul/jsf] ul/j} . dflg;x?
eGy]F . ul/jsf bfp, slxn] klg gcfp . d]/L h'gls/L lgs} 7'nf] ;kgf
b]VbyL t/ xfd|f] ul/jLsf] vfN8f] emg emg a9b} hfGYof] .
;fOsn rf]/L ePsf] ;'g]/ d}n] eg]“ æcfh aNn
ljwtfn] ;'g]5g . ca gofF ;fOsn r9g kfpg] eO; . gs/f ca .
Tof] k'/fgf] ;fOsnsf] nf; xfd|f] 3/df /x] ;Dd tF To;}nfO{ l3;f/L /
xg] lyO; . h] u5{g k/d]Zj/n] c;n} u5{g eg]sf] oxL xf] .Æ
æcfhaf6 s;/L hfg] t clkm; < xfdL;Fu t clxn] ;fOsn
lsGg] k};f g} 5}g . ;+ro sf]ifaf6 k};f lgsfNg] t ;fOsn lsGgnfO{ <
dnfO{ t Tof] ;fOnssf] lgs} dfof kf] nfUYof] t Û To;} ;fOsnn]
dnfO{ ;fOsn l;sfof], ;fOsn r9g] agfof] . oqf] jif{ dnfO{ af]s]/
cf]xf]/ bf]xf]/ u/fof] . sL/f k/f]; ;fOsn rf]/sf] xftdf . To;sf] enf]
gxf]; .Æ p;n] ;Ttf] ;/fk ul//xL .
d}n] eg] ækL/ gu/ . o:t} k5{ eg]/ d}n] cf7÷bz xhf/ ?k}ofF
n'sfP/ /fv]sf] 5' . t“nfO{ c? s]xL lbg g;s] klg Pp6f /fd|

57. f] ;fOsn lsgL lbG5' . a? cfh xflsdnfO{ eg]/ Pslbg 5'66L
dfu . ?k}l8xf uP/ ;fOsn lnP/ cfFpnf .Æ
ef]nL kN6 h'gsL/L clkm;af6 kms{bf h'gls/L h:t} anL/x]sL
pHofnL lyO{ . v';L x'Fb} sfOsnaf6 em/L . ;fOsn 8f]¥ofpb}
cfkmgf] ;'Tg] sf]7} leq /fv]/ cfO{ . d cfFugdf d'9fdf a;]/ s;}n]
af6f]df kmfn]sf] lxGbL klqsfsf] kfgf x]l/x]sf] lyP“ . p;sf] xFl;nf]
cg'xf/ b]v]/ d}n] eg] æcfh v'a v';L ePsL 5]; lg lsg xf] < ls
gofF ;fOsn r9g kfP/ v';L ePsL xf]; .Æ
æ;f]d]sf af, x]/ g cfh t af6f]df ;a}n] dnfO{ awfO{ lbP .
clkm;df klg xflsd ;fan] t ld7fO{ g} v'jfpg' ef] . dnfO{ t pxfFn]
cfhaf6 xnsf/f d} a9'jf ul/lbg' ef] . ;fOsn /fd|f] ePsf] eP t d
klxn] g} xnsf/f eO ;Sg] /lx5' . d]/f] tnj klg csf{] dlxgf b]lv Ps
xhf/ a9L x'g] ef] . of] ;fOsnn] t dnfO{ ug'{ u¥of] gL ÛÆ olt eGb}
p;n] d]/f] d'vdf n88' xflnlbO{ . 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ klg n88' v'jfO{ .
gofF d]/L uf]N8 ;fOsn xfd|f] knªusf] l;/fgdf l7ªu plePsf] lyof] .
p;n] eGb} lyO{ æca t d of] ;fOsn sf]7} leq /fVb5' . rf]/n] s;/L
rf]bf{]/x]5 < x]/f}Fnf .Æ
d}n] dgdg} eg] …lar/L h'gls/L, Pp6f gofF ;fOsn kfpFbf olt ljlw
v';L x'G5] . xfdL g]kfnLx?sf ;–;fgf rxfgfx? 5g . tLg} ;–;fgf
OR5fx? g} k'/f ug{ ;Sb}gf} xfdLx? . xfdL g]kfnLx?sf] b'b{;f
slxn] ;'w|g] xf]nf <Ú
*= k|lt1f
p sIffsf] cl3Nnf] a]Grdf a:bYof] . 3'ld|Psf] skfn, cUnf], uf]/f]
z/L/, nfdf] gfs, afSnf], sfnf] cfFvL e'O{, 7"nf cfFvf, kftnf] z/L/,
ldn]sf bfFt lyP, p;sf . d}n] gfk]/ x]l/g / ;f]lwg klg t/ cGbfhL
5 kmL6 cUnf] lyof] p . p lgs} kftnf] lyof] t/ klg ;'Gb/ b]lvGYof] .

58. p;sf] d':s'/fx6 lgs} lx:;L k/]sf] lyof] . sd d"Nosf] sk8faf6
ag]sf] ;]tf] ;6{ / sfnf] kfOG6 /fd|f] ;'xfFpYof] . v'66fdf slxn} h'Ttf
b]Vg kfOPg . ;fob ul/j eP/ xf]nf, ;w}F af6f rKkn nufpYof] .
h:tf] udL{ xf]; of hf8f] p;sf] klx/0f olTt g} lyof] .
sIffdf ;aeGbf t]h pxL lyof] . dx]Gb| a'x'd'lv SofDk; g]kfn uGhsf]
k'j{ tkm{sf] 7'nf] ljlN8ªusf pTt/ tkm{sf b'Oj6f sf]7fx?df cfO{=sd=
k|yd jif{ / lblto jif{sf] k9fO{ x'GYof] . b'O{ jif{ oxfF /xFbf p;sf] klx/
0f kl/jt{g ePg .
krkGg hgf ljbofyL{x?df xfdL kfFr hgf dfq 5fqfx? lyof}F .
d, piff, b]jsL, /Def / cr{gf . @)#%÷#^ ;fnlt/ SofDk; k9g]
s]6Lx? eg]kl5 x'g]vfg] kl/jf/s} x'Gy] . d klg alb{ofaf6 cfPsL
x'g]vfg] kl/jf/s} j|fxd0f o'jtL . t} klg lsg xf] s'GgL ToxL ul/j
s]6f] dnfO{ dg kYof{] . p v8sfsf] 5f]/f] lyof] . Tof] ;dodf pkfWofo
j|fXd0f s]6L If]qL;Fu ljjfx ug{' eg]sf] c5't;Fu ljjfx ug'{ h:t} lyof]
. ;dfhdf cg'xf/ b]vfpg ;lsb}gYof] . d eg] lbg k|ltlbg ToxL
s]6f]nfO{ dfof ub{} uPsL lyPF . Ps lsl;dn] eGg] xf] eg] p ;Fu x'?
Ss} ePsL lyPF . p;n] xfdLnfO{ pRr 3/fgfsf s]6Lx? eg]/ xf]nf
jf:tf ub{}gYof] . d}n] klg w]/} ;do ;Dd d ltdLnfO{ dfof u5{'
eGg ;lsg . Ps lbg 8]/fdf af]nfP/ vfhf v'jfPsL lyP“, t/ s]xL
eGg} ;lsg . d]/f] 8]/f b]jf km'njf/Ldf lyof] . b]jsL / d ;Fu} a:Yof} .
p u8l/og k'jf{sf] Pp6f vfnL 3/df PSn} a:Yof] . Tof] 3/sf] Pp6f
sf]7fdf dfq 9f]sfsf] kNnf lyof] . emofnsf kNnfx? lyPgg . lah'nL
klg lyPg . 3/ agfpFbf agfpFb} cw'/} 5f]l8Psf] lyof] . g]kfn uGh
h:tf] clt udL{ / clt hf8f] x'g], xfjfx'/L rNg] 7fpFdf p s;/L
a:Yof] xf]nf < crDd nfU5 .
cfO{=sd=sf] kmfOgn k/LIff lbP/ p 3/ uPsf] lyPg . p;sf] 3/
;Nofg atfFpYof] . d}n] klg sf]7f 5f]8]sL lyOg . b]jsL eg] sf]7f
5f]8]/ uO{ . d alb{of cfkmgf] 3/ kms{]klg slxn] sfFxL g]kfn uGh

59. cfpFbf af, cfdf, d ToxL a:g] uYof}F .8]/f g5f]8bf ;lhn} ePsf]
lyof] . alb{of jf;LnfO{ g]kfn uGh cfpFg] sfd klg k/L/xGYof] .
p;Fu slxn] sfxL e]6 x'GYof]. p;n] k/LIffkmn k|sflzt gx'Fbf ;Dd
sGx}of j:qfnodf sfd u/]/ vfgkLgsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof] .
cfO{=sd= sf] glthf ltg dlxgfkl5 c;f]hlt/ k|sflzt eof] . d]/f]
eGbf bz cªs a9L NofP/ p k|yd >]0fLdf SofDk; 6k/ eP/ pTtL0f{
eof] . krkGg hgfsf] xfd|f] Jofrdf k}+lt; hgfn] cfO{= sd=
pTtL0f{ u/]5f}F .
ToxL jif{ d+l;/ dlxgfdf g]kfn a}Fs lnld6]8df sd{rf/Lsf]
lj1fkg v'Nof] . xfdLn] bvf{:t lbg kfpg] gf=;'= ;/xsf] kfFrf} txdf
kGb| l;6 v'n]sf] lyof] . To;df d}n] lgj]bg xfn]F . d]/} ;Nnfxdf p;n]
klg lgj]bg xfNof] . xfdL b'j} 5flgof}F . rfG; klg o:tf] eof] sL xfdL
b'j} l;6L clkm; g]kfn uGhd} kf]l:6ª eof}+ .
Pp6f clkm;df ePkl5 ef]63f6 eO/xg] g} eof] . lrof vfgf
hfFbf ;Fu} hfGYof+} . d]/f] / p;sf] lardf w]/} s'/fx? x'Gy]F . lrof
vfhfsf] k};f dnfO{ ltg{ lbb}gYof] . ;fx}| ;/n / ldhfl;nf]
dfG5] . ;a};Fu l;i6tfk"j{s zAbx? tf}n]/ ld7f] af]Ng], slxn} s;};Fu
gl/;fpg], ;/n /:tl/o efiff af]Ng], csf{nfO{ dbbt ug{], af]Nbf xfF;]/
af]Ng], ;xof]uL / OdfGbf/ ePsf]n] p clkm;df ;a}sf] Kof/f] lyof] .
xflsdn] h] sfd lbP klg gcflTtP/ ;dod} sfd k'/f uYof{] . ToxfF
sfd ug{] tLg÷rf/ hgf s]6Lx? lyof}F xfdL, hf] ljjfx u/]sf lyPgf}F .
pgLx? ;a} p;Fu ;DaGw agfpg vf]Hy] t/ d;Fu a9L a;p7 b]v]/
klG5P .
p;sL cfdf ;fg}df ljTg' ePsf]n] a'jfn] sfG5L cfdf ljjfx u/L
Nofg' ePsf] /] Û sfG5L cfdfaf6 tLg efO{ / Ps alxgL 5g eGbYof] .
p;sf] cfdfaf6 pm PSn} . sfG5L cfdf cfPkl5 p;n] cfdf a'jfsf]
Kof/ slxn} kfPg . ;fob ToxL sf/0f xf]nf pm slxn} 3/ hfFb}gYof] .
o:tf] x'Fbf emg dnfO{ dfof a9]/ cfpFYof] . ca d}n] p ;Fu k|]d k|:tfj

60. /fVg] lgwf] u/]“ . Ps lbg p;nfO{ cfkmg} 8]/fdf vfg vfg] lgDtf]
lbP“, ljxfgsf] ;dodf . Tof] lbg ;+ljwfg lbj;sf] ljbf lyof] . vfgf
vfg] ;dodf d}n] ;f]w]F æ?ks d Pp6f s'/f eg' < d}n] w]/} lbg b]lv
of] s'/f eGg] ljrf/ u/]sL lyP“ t/ eGg} ;s]sL 5}g .Æ
æegg, s] s'/f xf] <Æ
æltdL g/fd|f] t dfGb}gf}F <Æ
ædflGbg, lsg dfGg' <Æ
æltdLn] s'g} s]6L;Fu k|]d u/]sf 5f}<Æ
æcfh ;Dd t 5}g Æ
æltdLNffO{ dg k/fpg] sf]xL s]6L eP s] u5f}{<Æ
ædnfO{ dg k/fpg] sf]xL 5 h:tf] nfUb}g .Æ
æs;}n] dg k/fPsf] eP ltdL p;Fu ljjfx u5f}F{{ <Æ
æTo:tf] s'/f clxn] ;Dd ;f]r]sf] 5}g .Æ
æltdLnfO{ 9fF6]/ s] ug'{ < d ltdLnfO{ s:tf] nfU5'<Æ
æltdL ;fx|} hftL 5f}, ;'Gb/ 5f}, k9]n]v]sL 5f}, zflng 5f}, dfofn'
5f}, c? slt eg' <Æ
æs] ltdL dnfO{ dfof ub{}gf}< d t SofDk; k9bf b]lv g}
ltdLnfO{ dg k/fpF5' .Æ
æof] s'/f tkm{ d}n] slxn] klg ;f]lrg . ltdL wgL kl/jf/sL a|
fXd0f s]6L, d lgs} ul/j kl/jf/sf] If]qLsf] 5f]/f] . xfd|f] hft, eft /
ju{ klg gldNg] . ltdL d;Fu s;/L dfof ug{ ;S5of} < Ifl0fs
cfj]usf] e/df dfof u/]klg hLjg u'hfg{ ;Sg] 5}gf} . To;}n] of] s'/f
x'g ;Sb}g .Æ
ædnfO{ hfteft, wlg u/Lj, ;fgf] 7'nf] s]xL rflx“b}g . ltd|f]
rfn rng dg k¥of] . dnfO{ ltdL eP k'U5 . ca c? s'/f gu/ .
vfnL olTt s'/f eg sL d ltdLNfO{ /fd|L nfU5' ls nflUbg <Æ

61. ælutfGhnL, ltdL olt ;'Gb/ 5f} . ltdLnfO{ /fd|f] gnfUg]
dfG5] ;fob} sf]xL xf]nf . ltdL dnfO{ c;fWo /fd|f] nfU5, t/ clxn] d
k|]d ug{] / ljjfx ug{] d'8df 5}g .Æ p;n] o:tf] egL/xFbf
dnfO{ nfu]sf] lyof] ls s]6fsf] hft /fd|f] s]6L b]Vbf cfslif{t geO
5f]8b}gg . p klg s'g 8ofªsf] d'nf xf]nf / d h:tL ;'Gb/
wgL, ;'lzn / lzlIft s]6L kfpFbf gfO{ eGnf .
d}n] eg] æl7s} 5 . ltd|f] hLjgdf c? sf]xL s]6L 5}g . d
ltdLnfO{ /fd|L nfU5' . of] eGbf dnfO{ c? s] rflxG5 / < k|]d eGg] s'/
f Ps} /ftdf x'g] s'/f xf]Og, lj:tf/} x'Fb} hfnf . dnfO{ klg clxn] g}
ljjfx ug]{ xtf/ 5}g .Æ
p s]xL af]n]g . Tof] lbg lbpF;f] afx| ah] pm cfkmgf] sf]7flt/
uof] . hflu/ ePkl5 pm /fdafu lt/ lah'nL kfgL ePsf] /fd|f] sf]7fdf
;/]sf] lyof] . xfd|f] e]63f6 p7a; rlng} /Xof] . slxn] d p;sf] 8]/
fdf hfGy“], slxn] cfk"msxfF af]nfpFy] . d]/f ;fyLx? ;a}n] xfd|
f] ;DaGwsf] af/]df yfxf kfO;s]sf lyP . 3/df eg] s;}nfO{ yfxf
lyPg . pm st} hfFbf dnfO{ lbg s6fpg d'l:sn kYof]{ . To;}n] nfdf
nfdf lr¶L n]Vy]F . p;n] lj/n} lr¶L n]VYof] . n]v] klg ;fwf/0f cf}
krfl/s s'/fsfgL ePsf ;+lIfKt x'Gy] . d eg] …ltdLnfO{ dfof u5'{,
cfO{ ne o', d]/f] /fhf, d]/f] k|f0f, sf]6Lsf]6L Kof/, sf]6Lsf]6L r'DagÚ
egL n]Vy]F . eljiodf 3/ sxfF agfpg], 5f]/f5f]/L slt hGdfpg], stf
k9fpg] cflb nufot sfNklgs bfDkTo hLjgsf s'/fx? n]Vy“] . e]6
x'Fbf klg p;n] /fd|L 5f}, ;'Gb/ 5f}, dfofn' 5f}, ;'zLn 5f}, c;n 5f},
hftL 5f}, OdfGbf/ 5f}, ldn;f/ 5f} t eGbYof], t/ d dfof u5'{, d]/L /
fgL, d]/L Kof/L slxn} eg]g . dnfO{ eg] cFufnf] df/] x'GYof], r'Dag u/]
x'GYof] h:tf] nfUYof] . glhs} 6fFl;P/ a:bf klg p cljrn /xGYof] . p
t dnfO{ alxgL h:tf] kf] dfof uYof]{ . lj/fdL kbf{ xl:k6n n}hfg], /
fte/ hfu|d a;]/ ;]jf ug]{ uYof]{ . s'g} ;d:of kbf{ hLp Hofg

62. lbP/ ;xof]u uYof]{ . /fte/ ;'Tb}gYof] . k};fsf] klg d2t ug{ vf]HYof] .
d g} lnFb}gy“] . o:t} u/L ltg jif{ ljt]5 . kQ} ePg . dnfO{ cfdf,
afn] ljjfx ug{sf nflu s/ ug{ yfNg' ePsf] lyof] . pd]/ klg @$ jif{
e};s]sf] lyof] . Tof] a]nf 5f]/Lsf] pd]/, To;df klg a|fXd0fsL 5f]/Lsf]
pd]/ @$ jif{ eg]sf] a'9L sGof h:t} dflgGYof] . s]xL lbg t ljleGg
axfgf agfP/ 6f/“] t/ kl5 t af–cfdfn] lgs} s/ ug{ yfNg' eof] .
e]6 eof] sL r6f/f] al;{xfNYof] . s}nfnLaf6 cfkmg} hft ldNg] Pp6f
lzIfs cfP5 dnfO{ dfUg . p;n] g]kfnuGhd} dnfO{ b]v]/ n¶} k/]sf] /
x]5 . afn] ;a} s'/f 6'ªUofP/ k7fpg' eP5 . kl5 kf] yfxf kfPF . @)
$@ ;fn d+l;/ afO; ut] ljjfx tf]lsP5 .
d eg] ?ks;Fu afx]s c?;Fu ljjfx ug{ s'g} xfntdf tof/
lyOg . d ?ksnfO{ hLp ;'Dkg tof/ lyP“ . pm g} slxNo} tof/ ePg
. pm d]/f] sf]7fdf cfpFbf cg]s axfgfdf p;sf] cufl8 c+ux? k|bz{g
uy]{F . pm pTt]lht xf]cf]; eGg] rfxGy] d, t/ pm 9'ªuf h:tf] lyof] .
pm If]qL, d afx'g ePsf]n] xfd|f] dfuL ljjfx x'Fb}gYof] . To;}n] d ?
ks;Fu sf]6{ Dofl/h ug{, dlGb/df uP/ ljjfx ug{ jf efUg ;d]t
tof/ lyPF . Tof] s'/f klg p dfGb}gYof] . dnfO{ cj jf/ ls kf/
ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf cfO;s]sf] lyof] .
b;}F cfpg s]xL lbg afFsL x'Fbf d p;nfO{ e]6g p;sf] 8]/fdf uPF
. cfk}m vfgf tof/ u/]F . ;Fu} a;]/ vfgf vfof}F t/ Ps csf{;Fu s]xL
gaf]nL r'krfk lyof}F . cGtdf d}n] g} df}gtf eªu ug'{k¥of] . d}n] eg]
æ?ks, d]/f] ljjfx x'g ca b'O{ dlxgf afFsL 5 . 3/df ljjfxsf] tof/L
e} /x]sf] 5 . eujfg ltldlN;gf xf], p;sf] gfd . k9]n]v]sf] 5 . ul0ft
ljifodf Pd=P= u/]/ dfWolds ljbofnodf lzIfs 5 . 3/ klg /fd|f]
5 . s}nfnL lhNnfsf] dfG5] xf] . hUuf hldg klg w]/} 5 . p;sf
b'O{ efO{ dfq 5g . of] d]/f] nflu ;f}efUo xf]Og t <Æ
æxf] tgL Û d}n] xf]Og sxfF eg“] / <Æ

63. æd ljjfx u/L hfFbf ltdLnfO{ b'Mv nfUb}g <Æ
ænfUb}g, lsg nfUg' < ltdLnfO{ ;'vL b]Vg' t d]/f] nflu v';Lsf]
s'/f xf] .Æ
æxf] t Û d klg s:tL a'4' < ltdL d]/f] sf]xL xf]Ogf} . d}n] dfq
Psf]xf]/f] dfof u/]sL lyPF . ltdLn] t dnfO{ slxn] klg cfkmgf] dfggf}
. ltdLnfO{ s;/L b'Mv nfU5 < ltdL dfG5] sxfF xf] / < ltdL kTy/ t
xf] gL Û kTy/nfO{ s] yfxf c?sf] dgsf] efjgf < d}n] kfFr jif{ ;Dd
ltdLnfO{ dfof u/]/ ;tfPF . o;sf] nflu Ifdf rfxG5' . of] xfd|f]
clGtd e]6 xf]nf cf}krfl/s ?kdf . d}n] ;?jfsf] nflu lgj]bg klg
lbO ;s]sL 5' . ltdLdf k'?ifTj 5 eg] /fd|f] s]6L ljx] u/]/ ;'vk"j{s
a:g' . ca d hfG5' .Æ
ælutf~hnL, ltdLn] eGg vf]h]sf] s'/f s] xf] < d}n] t s]xL klg
a'lemg . cnL :ki6 kf/]/ eg g ÛÆ
æa'emL a'emL a'em krfpg];Fu s] eGg' < t}klg Psk6s egL lbG5'
. d ltdL;Fu ljx] ug{ rfxG5' . clxn] g} o;}a]nf dnfO{ eufP/ n}hfp,
eGg rfxG5' . oxL t xf]gL Û c? s] eGg' ltdL 9'+uf;Fu . ltdL;Fu d'6'
5 / < Pp6f /f]huf/ o'St, lzlIft / ;'Gb/ o'jtL kfFr jif{ b]lv ltd|f]
kl5 nfu]sL 5' . d]/f] afWotf klg ga'emg], o:tf gfdb{;Fu s] s'/f ug]{
<Æ
ælutf~hnL d Pp6f 7'nf] kfksf] k|oflZrt ul//x]sf] 5' . d}n]
klxn] g} ltdL;Fu k|]d ug{ / ljjfx ug{ ;lSbg eg]s} t lyPF gL Û ltdL
;'Gb/ 5f}, lzlIft 5f}, zfnLg 5f}, t/ d clxn] a|tdf 5' . of] a]nf d
ltdLnfO{ s]xL eGg ;lSbg . d ltdLnfO{ c? h] klg d2t ug{ ;S5'
t/ k|]d ug{ / ljjfx ug{ ;lSbg . d]/f] a|t ce}mF $ jif{ afFsL g} 5 .
ltdL c?;Fu ljjfx u/]/ ;'v;Fu a; . oxL d]/f] sfdgf 5 .Æ
æn eg s] xf] ltd|f] k|folZrt < d ;'Gg rfxG5' . gqeg] d
clxn]g} ltd|f] gfddf d]/f] hLjgsf] jnL r9fpF5' .Æ

64. æof] s;};Fu eGg ;lsFb}g lutf~rnL . s/ gu/ . dnfO{ b'O{j6f
kfksf] ef/L gaf]sfp . ltdL ;'vL /x' . dnfO{ kfksf] e'd/Laf6 aflx/
lg:sg b]pm . To;kl5 d]/f] hLjgnfO{ stf n}hfg] d lglZrt
ug{ ;Sg] 5' .Æ
æxf]Og, ltdLn] eGg} k5{ . gq d clxn} uP/ s0ff{nL gbLdf
xfdkmfN5' . o;sf] lhDd]jf/ ltdL g} x'g]5f} .Æ
?ks s]xL af]n]g . kGb| ldg]6 hlt xfdL k]m/L df}g /Xof}F . d
p7]/ Aofu af]s]/ sf]7faf6 aflx/ lg:s] . pm d]/f] kl5 kl5 9f]sf;Dd
cfof] . d}n] plt/ gx]/Lsg} eg] æ?ks, ef]nL d]/f] nf; s0ff{nL gbLdf
x'g]5 .Æ
pm bf}8Fb} d]/f] cufl8 cfP/ d]/f] kfp 5'g vf]Hb} eGof] ælutf~hnL
ltdL x7 gu/ . d]/f] ljlGt 5 . d d]/f] kfksf] af/]df ltdLnfO{ atfpg
tof/ 5' . Tof] ;'g]kl5 ltdL dnfO{ 3[0ff ug]{5f} . of] s'/f c? s;}
nfO{ gegL b]pm . d ltd|f] kfp 5'g tof/ 5' . ltdLn] of] s'/f c? s;}
nfO{ egL lbof} eg] d]/f] dg'{ afx]s csf]{ ljsNk x'g] 5}g .Æ
p;n] cfkmgf] xfO:s'n k9bfsf] Pp6f 36gf ;'gfpg yfNof], h'g
36gfsf] p;n] k|oflZrt ul//x]sf] lyof] . p;nfO{ cfk"mn] cIfDo kfk
u/]sf] dx;'; ePsf] lyof] . 36gf o; k|sf/ lyof] .
p;n] eGof] ælutf~hnL d k'gM ltdL;Fu ljlGt u5'{, of] s'/f
s;};Fu gegL b]pm . d clxn] c67fO; jif{ k'u]sf] 5' . d]/f] hGd @)!
$ ;fn cflZjg pGgfO; ut] ePsf] lyof] . cfh cflZjg @@ ut];Dd
ltdL d]/f] 3lgi6 ;fyL 5f} / dnfO{ cfzf 5 of] 3lgi6tf hLjge/ /
xf]; . xfdL hxfF h'g xfntdf /x]klg ldqtf sfod /fVg ;S5f}F gL,
xf]Og < ;fyL eg]sf] k'?if–k'?if / dlxnf–dlxnf lar dfq x'g'k5{ eGg]
5}g . k'?if–dlxnf ljr klg x'g' k5{ eGg] nfU5 dnfO{ .
d kfFr jif{sf] 5Fbf d]/f] cfdf ;+;f/af6 ljbf x'g' ePsf] lyof] .
d]/f c? efO{ alxgL lyPgg . cfdf k/nf]s ePkl5 a'jfn] csL{ cfdf
Nofpg' eof] . sfG5L cfdfn] dnfO{ ufnL ug]{, lk6g], vfgf glbg], ;'Tg

65. glbg] u/]/ d]/f] hLjg gs{ agfO{ lbOg . To;}n] d 3/af6 kl/ToQm
ePkl5 dfdf3/ uPF . ToxL a;]/ ljbofno hfg yfn] . dfdf 3/sf]
afh]–aHo} x'Fbf;Dd t /fd|} lyof] . pxfFx?n] lgs} dfof ug'{x'GYof] . d
cf7 sIffdf k9bf afh] ljTg' eof] . To;sf] bz dlxgfkl5 aHo} klg
laTg'eof] . To;kl5 km]l/ d]/f] hLjg cK7]/f]df k/of] .dfOHo'n]
dnfO{ b]lv ;xg' ePg . h]gt]g sIff * sf] k/LIff lbPF .
ca k9fO{ cufl8 a9fpg g;lsg] 7fg]/ ufpFsf dflg;x?;Fu ef/
tlt/ hfg] ljrf/ u/]F . d]/f] ;fg} b]lvsf] ldNg] ;fyL ;'/]zn] of] s'/f
yfxf kfof] . p;n] cfkmgf cfdf–afnfO{ eg]/ dnfO{ cfkmg} 3/df lnof]
. p;sf] 3/df ltg hgfsf] kl/jf/ /x]5, af, cfdf / ;'/]z . cfdf /
af ;fx|} hflt x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 . dnfO{ klg cfkmg} 5f]/f h:tf] dfof
ug'{eof] . ;'/]z / d :s'n hfg yfNof}F . ;Fu} a;]/ k9bf k9fO{ klg /fd|
f] x'Fb} uof] . . sIff gf} sf] glthf k|sflzt x'Fbf yfxf eof], ;'/]z klxnf]
/ d bf]>f] ePsf lyof}F . To;a]nf ;'/]z !^ jif{ / d !* jif{sf ePsf
lyof}F .
d 3/df vfnL ;dodf ;'/]zsf af–cfdfnfO{ sfddf ;
3fpFy] . ;'/]z klg vfnL slxNo} a:b}gYof] . s]xL g s]xL sfd ul//
xGYof] . Tof] 3/sf xfdL rf/}hgf lgs} hfFul/nf / d]xgtL lyof}
F . ;'/]zsf af 3/df 8f]/L af6g], bfDnf, gfDnf] agfpg], l9sL agfpg],
pmg sft]/ cfk}m :jL6/ a'Gg] cg]s sfddf l;kfn' x'g'x'GYof] . 3/df
ufO{, afv|f / Pp6f b'x'gf] e}F;L ;w}F x'GYof] . Tof] kl/jf/df /xFbf d}n] w]/}
/fd|f s'/fx? l;Sg] df}sf kfPF . cg]s 3/fo;L Jojxf/, l/ltl/
jfh, ;fdflhs ;befj h:tf s'/fx? ToxLaf6 l;s]F .
@)#@ ;fn d+l;/ dlxgfdf ;'/]zsf afn] afv|fx? / ufO{ a]Rg'
eof] . Ps xn uf]? / Pp6f e}F;L dfq afFsL /x] . pxfFn] Pp6f v]t
lsGg' eof] . To;}sf] C0f ltg{ eg]/ sdfpg ef/tlt/ hfg' eof] . ToxL
;do d]/f] nflu clezfk aGof] . d]/f] hLjg /dfOnf];Fu yfxf g}
gkfO{ g/sdf 8'Aof] . ;'/]zsf] cfdfn] dnfO{ cfkmgf] of}g Kof; d]6fpg]

66. ;fwg agfpg' eof] . d klg ljxfg–lbpF;f] lgs} k5'tf] uy]{F . ha ;'/]z
3/df x'Fb}gYof], dnfO{ sfps'tL nfu]/ cfpFYof] . ef]s nfu] h:tf], ltvf{
nfu] h:tf] x'GYof] . df}sf ldNgf;fy xfdL of}g ltvf{ d]6fpFYof}
F . ;'/]zsL cfdf Tof] a]nf #@ jif{sL x'g'x'GYof] . ;'/]zsf a'jf
@)## ;fn a}zfvdf k};f sdfP/ 3/df cfpg' eof] .
C0fshf{ ltg'{eof] . wGg Tof] ;do ;Dd ue{ /x]sf] lyPg . ToxL ;fn
df3 dlxgfdf ;Nofgsf] ;b/d'sfddf uP/ P;=Pn=;L= k/LIff lbof}
F ;'/]z / d}n] . k/LIff ;s]/ klg d ;'/]zs} 3/df kms]{F lsgsL d]/f]
cg]q a:g] 7fpF g} lyPg . @)#$ ;fn cfiff9df P;=Pn=;L= sf] k/
LIffkmn k|sflzt eof] . xfdL b'j} pQL0f{ eof}F låtLo >]0fLdf . To;a]nf
;Dd klg df}sf ldNgf;fy xfd|f] of}g ;DaGw rln/xGYof] . P;=Pn=;L=
kf; u/]kl5 ;'/]z cfO{=P= k9g 3f]/fxL df hfg] eof] . ;'/]zsf af n]
dnfO{ k9fpg g;Sg] / ufpFd} lzIfs aGg] ;Nnfx lbg'eof] . d eg]
h;/L klg SofDk; k9g hfg] eg]/ 3/df uP/ k};f dfu“] . SofDk;
k9gnfO{ sxfF k};f x'g' < cfkmgf] c+z ;a} dfu]/ a]r“] . hDdf ?=@)
xhf/ ?k}ofF NofP/ g]kfnuGh lt/ xflgP“ . lrg] hfg]sf] sf]xL lyPg .
rf/}lt/ cGwsf/ h:tf] nfUYof] . dx]Gb| ax'd'vL SofDk; g]kfnuGhdf
cfO{=sd=df egf{ ePF . ca d]/f] cfkmgf] eGg' sf]xL /x]g . hfg]
7fpF ;'/]zsf] 3/ dfq lyof] .
b;}F ljbfdf ;'/]z / d p;s} 3/df kmls{Fof} . ToxfF k'Ubf yfxf
eof], ;'/]zsf] cfdfn] k]6 af]Sg' eP5 . pxfFn] eGg' eof] sL of] k]6
ltd|f] xf] . To;} lbg d Tof] 3/af6 lg:s]F . kl5 5f]/f hGd]5 . ca d
Tof] 3/df klg hfg g;Sg] ePF lsgsL ;'/]zsf] cfdfaf6 hGd]sf] d]/f]
5f]/fsf] cg'xf/ d;Fu ldn]/ p;sf] a'jfn] ;+sf u/]sf v08df Tof] 3/
df ljklQ cfpFYof] . To:tf] s]xL ePg . pxfFn] cfkmg} ;Gtfg
eg]/ :jLsf/L xfNg' eP5 . s;}n] ;+sf u/]g . ;'/]zn] w]/} k6s

67. dnfO{ lr¶L n]Vof] . w]/} ;De]msf] lyof] . d}n] s'g} kqsf] hjfkm
gk7fPkl5 b'O{÷tLg jif{ kl5 p;n] klg kq n]Vg 5f]8of] .
dnfO{ cfkmgf] cfdf eGg ;'xfpg] dlxnf;Fu of}g ;DaGw /fv]/
5f]/f ;d]t hGdfPsf]df 7'nf] lrGtf / cfTdUnfgL eof] . x'g t ;'/]z
klg cfkmgf] afa'sf] xf]Og /] Û ;'/]zsL cfdfn] cfkmgf] nf]Ug]af6 5f]/
f5f]/L x'Fb}gg eGg' x'GYof] . t}klg dnfO{ Tof] kfkn] ;tfpg yfNof] . d}n]
dlGb/df uP/ e]6L klg r9fPF . t}klg kfkn] ;tfpg 5f]8]g . clg d}n]
afx| jif{sf] s7f]/ a|t wf/0f u/]F . afx| jif{ ;Dd s'g} klg
dlxnfnfO{ k|]d ug{, of}g ;DaGw /fVg, ljjfx ug{ / cg'/fu k|:t't ug{
cfk}mn] cfk}mnfO{ k|ltaGw nufPsf] 5' . d]/f] syf oxL x]f .
d ltdLnfO{ s'g} cK7]/f]df kflb{g . ltdL cToGt ;'zLn / w}o{jfg
o'jtL xf} . ltd|f] eljio pHjn x'g]5 . d;Fu nfu]/ d]/f] kfkdf ;xefuL
gag . ltdL eujfg ltldlN;gf;Fu 3/hd u/ . To;}df ltd|f] sNof0f
5 . d ceflunfO{ PSn} 5f]8Lb]p .
d}n] eg], æ?ks, o;df ltd|f] bf]if b]lVbg d . tL dlxnfn] ltdL
gfaflnu cj:yfdf /x]sf] ;dodf kmsfO{ k'mNofO{ cfkmgf] :jfy{ l;bw
ul/g . o;df ;o k|ltzt pgL g} bf]ifL 5g . lrGtf u/]/ cfkmgf]
hLjgnfO{ ljzfSt gagfpm . clxn] ;Dd h] eof] l7s} 5 . a? dg
zflGtsf nflu jfu]Zj/L dlGb/df uP/ k'hf u/L bfg blIf0ff b]pm . d
klg ;xof]u u5'{ . clg xfdL ljjfx u/]/ cfgGb;Fu a;f}Fnf . ltdL;Fu
wg ;DklTt s]xL gePklg, ltdLn] hlt;'s} ck/fw u/]klg d]/f] kfkL
dgn] ltdLnfO{ /f]h]sf] 5 . ltdL s] eG5f} < d ltdLnfO{ slxNo} 3[0ff
ug]{ 5}g / ;'v lbP/ /fVg] 5' . d ltdL ljgf afFRg ;lSbg .
dnfO{ b'vL gagfpm .Æ
p;n] cfsf;lt/ tfs]/ 6f]nfpFb} eGof] ælutf~hnL ltdLn] h] eg]
klg d cfkmgf] a|t tf]8g ;lSbg . dnfO{ d]/f] k|lt1f k"0f{ ug{af6
g8ufpm . ltdL ;'vk"j{s cfkmgf] 3/ a;fpm . d]/f] kl5 nfu]/ hLjg
v]/ gkmfn .Æ

68. d /f]O/x]sL lyPF . d]/f] cfF;'n] p;nfO{ s]xL k|efj kf/]g . d]/f]
dg c;Xo kL8fn] 56k6fpg yfNof] . ?ks / d]/f] ;DaGwsf] af/]df
d]/f ;fyLx?, clkm;sf :6fkmx?, 8]/fsf] j/k/sf l5d]sLx? w]/}
nfO{ yfxf lyof]. cfh cfP/ dnfO{ yfxf eof] sL p;Fu d]/f]
PstkmL{ k|]d lyof] . p;n] t dnfO{ slxNo} dfof u/]g5 . p;n]
dfgjLo gftfn] u/]sf] Jojxfl/s ;xof]unfO{ d}n] dfof u/]sf] eGg] ;
+e]m5' . d cfk}mnfO{ lwSsf/ lbg yfn]F . t}klg clGtd cfzfsf] TofGb|f]
afFsL lyof] . p;sf] a|t k"/f ePkl5, rf/ jif{ kl5 dnfO{ ljjfx
unf{ sL < To;}n] d}n] ?Fb} Tof] lh1f;f klg /fVg] ljrf/ u/]/ eg] æ?
ks ltdL kfiff0f x[bo JolSt xf} eGg] s'/f d}n] a'emL ;s]sL 5' . t}klg
d]/f] clGtd ;+sf klg lgjf/0f ug{sf nflu of] k|Zg ug{ rfxG5' . s]
ltdL rf/ jif{ kl5 cyf{t ltd|f] j|t ;lsPkl5 d;Fu ljx] u/f}nf<Æ
p;n] dlt/ gx]/Lsg} hjfkm lbof] æTof] s'/f d clxn]
eGg ;lSbg .Æ
d 8fFsf] 5f]8L ?Fb} p;sf] sf]7faf6 ljB't ultdf lgl:sPF .
9f]sfdf 7f]lSsP/ rf]6 klg nfUof] . stfaf6 / slt v]/ cfkmgf]
sf]7fdf k'u]F dnfO{ kTtf g} ePg . Ps xKtf;Dd sf]7faf6 aflx/
lgl:sOg . cfTdxTof u/f}F h:tf] nfUof] . dfG5]sf] dg g xf] . k]m/L
dgn] eGof] Pp6f lgi7'/ JolStsf] nflu hLjg ;dfKt ug'{ /fd|f] xf]Og .
lj:tf/} hLjg k]m/L ;+rfng x'g yfNof] . clkm;df klxn] g} ;?jfsf]
nflu lgj]bg lbO;s]sL lyPF . Tof] lbg b]lv clkm;df b'O{ dlxgfsf]
ljbf lnPF . b'O{ dlxgf kl5 ljjfx klg eof] . ;?jf klg s}nfnLdf g}
eof] .
clxn] d cfk"mnfO{ efUozfnL ;DemG5' . b'O{j6f 5f]/fx? 5g
k'tnL h:tf . c;n nf]Ug] 5g . vfg nufpg k'Ug] wg ;DklTt 5 .
d]/f] / >Ldfgsf] hflu/ 5 . ;a};Fu /fd|f] ;DaGw 5 . t/
slxn]sfxLF ;+emgf cfpF5 Tof] dfG5]sf] . p;Fu 5'l§Psf] klg aLz
jif{ e};s]5 . c:tL h:tf] nfU5 . Tof] dflg;;Fu slxNo} e]6 klg

69. ePsf] 5}g . s] ub}{ xf]nf < sxfF a;]sf] xf]nf < ljjfx u¥of] xf]nf sL
gxf]nf < of] ;f]FrfO{ cfpF5 . gcfpg' kg]{ ;f]FrfO{ xf] . Tof] sf] xf] / d]/f]
< p;sf] hLjg yfxf kfP/ klg d}n] s] ug]{ xf] / < hLjg o:t} /x]5 .
efjgfaf6 hLjg rNbf] /x]g5 . hLjg rnfpg ljj]s rflxFbf] /x]5 .
hLjg cfwf ;Gt'li6 / cfwf ;Demf}tfaf6 rNbf] /x]5 .
@)^@ dfu{
(= ;kgfsf] b]z
;+o'St /fHo cd]l/sf ;+;f/sf w]/} dflg;x?sf nflu ;kgfsf] b]z
ag]sf] 5 . ;a} lzlIft o'jf o'jtLx?sf] rfxgf cd]l/sf k'Ug] /x]sf]
x'G5 . ToxfFsf] jftfj/0f, xfjfkgL, vfglkg lgs} :j:ys/ 5 . ToxfF
k'u]/ 8n/ sdfpg'sf] 5'66} cfgGb x'G5 . ;+;f/sf] ;aeGbf
zlStzfnL, ljsl;t / cfw'lgs ;'ljwf ;DkGg b]z eP/ klg cd]l/
sf ;a}sf] ;kgfsf] b]z ePsf] 5 . cd]l/sg hLjg kbbtLn] ;+;f/sf
clwsf+z o'jf o'jtLx?nfO{ nf]EofPsf] 5 . To;df g]kfnsf o'jf
o'jtLx? c5'tf] /xg] s'/} ePg . a;]{gL g]kfnsf xhf/f}F o'jf o'jtLx?
cd]l/sf k|j]z u5{g . tL o'jf o'jtLx? ToxfFsf ljleGg ljZj
ljbofnox?df pRr lzIff xfFl;n u5{g / pt} a:5g . k|foM g]kfntk{m
kms{Fb}gg . rfx] h:tf] ;'s} b'v si6 e]mNg' k/f];, pgLx? g]kfn kms{g
rfxFb}gg . o:t} g]kfnsf b'O{ hgf o'jsx? hf] lrtjg lhNnfsf] 6fF8L
ahf/df 3/ eO{ sf7df8f}F dxf/fh uGh SofDk;df lrlsT;fzf:q
ljifodf :gfts txdf cWoog/t 5g . oL b'O{ hgf dWo cgdf]nsf]
OR5f 8fS6/ ag]/ b]zs} ;]jf ug]{ 5 eg] kljq ;w}F cd]l/sf uP/ ;'vL
hLjg ljtfpg] s'/f ul//xG5 .
± ± ± ±
æ/flugL Û l56f] lrof tof/ u/ t, dnfO{ cfh rfF8} 8o'6Ldf hfg'
5 .Æ cgdf]nn] bfx|L vf}/Fb} eGof] .

70. ælrof tof/ eP/ klg ;]nfO{ ;Sof] . cFem bfx|L h'F3f sf6b} 5f} <
slt ;do nufPsf] xf]nf < a? oL ljr/f bfx|L h'F3fnfO{ a9g lbPsf]
eP s] lju|GYof] < 8flj{g h:tf] t b]lvGYof}F .Æ /flugLn] 6]a'n ;kmf ub}{
egL .
æd 8flj{g aGg] xf] eg] ltd|f] a]OHht x'G5 Sof . To;}n] ;kmfr6
eP/ a? lk6/ dxfg aG5' .Æ cgdf]nn] xfF:b} eGof] .
æ8flj{g h:tf] dxfg j}1flgssL kTgL x'g kfpg' sd v';Lsf] s'/f
xf] <Æ /flugL klg xfF:g yfnL .
æltdLnfO{ afFb/sL 5f]/L egL lbPF eg] . a? lk6/ dxfg aGg kfP
eg] ltdL klg dxf/fgL aGg kfpg] 5f} . s:tf] v';L nfUbf] xf], ;fFRr}sL
dxf/fgL aGg kfP kl5 <Æ p;n] lrof lkpFb} eGof] .
æk¥of 5}g, dxf/fgL ag]/ hLjg e/L 3'D6f]df a:g' . a? oxL
hLjg cfgGb nfUbf] 5 . tna cnL sd eof] / dfq} .Æ /flugL klg
lrof lkpg yfnL .
cgdf]n lrof vfP/ 8o'6Ldf lg:sg} nfUbf /flugLn] k'gM egL
æslta]nf kms{g] xf] < d]/f] 8o'6L afx| ah] k5{ .Æ
æd]/f] vfgf k|mLhdf /flv 5f]8g' . d b'O{ ah] dfq kms{G5' xf]nf .Æ
p;n] aflx/ lg:sFb} eGof] .
cgdf]n / /flugL b'j}n] dxf/fh uGh SofDk;af6
Pd=lj=lj=P;= ;s]/ Ps jif{ cl3 sf7df8f}Fsf] jL PG8 jL xl:k6ndf
hadf nfu]sf lyP . b'j}n] s]xL dlxgf cl3 dfq # jif{ b]lvsf]
k|]d ;DaGwnfO{ sf]6{ Dofl/h u/L :yfloTj lbPsf lyP . pgLx? Pp6}
xl:k6ndf sfd u/]klg 8o'6L eg] slxn] sfxLF dfq Pp6} ;dodf
kb{Yof] . To;}n] vfgf vfg] / ;'Tg] ;do klg slxn] sfxLF dfq
Ps} ;do kb{Yof] . Pp6f 8]/fdf cfpFbf csf]{sf] hfg] ;do e};s]sf]
x'GYof] .
;fFemsf] ;dodf cgdf]n rfF8} kms]{sf]n] vfgf tof/ u¥of] . /
flugL /ftLsf] !) ah] dfq sf]7fdf k|j]z u/L . cgdf]nn] 9f]s}df k'u]/

71. r'Dagn] :jfut u¥of] . k|ltpTt/df /flugLn] klg d'vd} r'dL .
cgdf]nn] /flugLnfO{ af]s]/ sf]7f leq NofpFb} ubf{ /flugLn] egL
æxfO{ a]aL, s] 5 xfn va/ < slt v]/ cfof} <Æ
æxfn va/ Psbd /fd|f] 5 . Ps 3G6f cl3 cfP“ . vfgf tof/
5 . kvf{Odf 5' . a? ef]s slTtsf] nfu]sf] 5 <Æ cgdf]nn] /flugLnfO{
;f]kmfdf a;fpFb} eGof] .
æn d km6fkm6 g'xfP/ cfpF5', clg rfF8} vfgf vfpFnf . cfh
cnL hl6n ck/]zg lyof] . gg'xfP/ sf]7fdf k:g klg ;s;s nfUb}5
.Æ tf}lnof / kfOhfdf af]Sb} egL /flugLn] .
æs:tf] hl6n ck|]zg eg]sf] <Æ
æPk]G8L;fOl6;sf] lj/fdL clGtd cj:yfdf k'lu;s]sf] /x]5 .
emG8} u};s]sf] lyof], lj/fdL df; 5g{ . efUon] dfq afFRof] . bz ldg]6
n]6 u/]sf] eP s'g} pkfo lyPg .Æ /flugLn] olt eGb} afy?d leq
k;L .
tftf] lr;f] kfgL ld;fP/ kfgLsf] tfkqmd ldnfpFb} ;fj/ vf]nL .
afy6adf 8'Ag] emGem6 ul/g . tf}lnofn] z/L/ k'5]/ UofF; ;fj/df
skfn ;'sfO{ clg aflx/ lgl:sO{ .
cgdf]nn] vfg]s'/f 8fOlgª 6]a'ndf tof/ /fv]sf] lyof] . eft,
bfn, cfn' / k/j/sf] t/sf/L, sfFqmf]sf] crf/, s'v'/fsf] df;' / bxL
lyof] vfgfdf . eft k:sFb} /flugLn] egL æltd|f] ?d kf6{g/ lyof] gL
Tof] kljq, Tof] t cd]l/sf hfg] eP5 gL, yfxf kfof} < u08sL c~rn
c:ktfn kf]v/fdf sfd uYof]{ . Pd=8L= ug{nfO{ o'=P;=sf] le;f
lnO{ ;Sof] /] ÛÆ
æltdLn] s;/L yfxf kfof} <Æ
æd]/f] ;fyL ;/f]lhgL 5 gL, p;}n] eg]sL . p;sf] Ajfo k|]mG8 klg
u08sL c~rn c:ktfnd} sfd u5{ .Æ
æhfg b]p hfg]nfO{ . p ToxfF k'Uof] eg] g]kfn kms{Fb}g xf]nf . !)
±@ k9bf b]lvg} cd]l/sf hfg] ;kgf a'Gg yfn]sf] lyof] . p;n]

72. Pd=aL=aL=P;= u/]s} cd]l/sf hfgnfO{ xf] . d t cfkmg} b]zdf ;]jf
ug]{ xf] . dnfO{ csf{sf] b]zdf uP/ u'nfd aGg' 5}g .Æ cgdf]nn]
d]rdf a:b} eGof] .
æg]kfndf ltdL / d b'O{ hgf ldn]/ dlxgfsf] Ps nfv
sdfpF5f} . Toxf Pp6}n] dfl;s bz÷kGb| xhf/ 8n/ sdfpF5, eG5g .
slt eof], g]kfnLdf lx;fj u/ t < dnfO{ t pt} hfpF h:tf] kf] nfUb}
5 .Æ df;'sf] rf}6fdf sfF6f /f]Kb} egL /flugLn] .
cgdf]n s]xL ;do ;Dd r'krfk vfgf vfFb} /Xof] . sfF6f
rDrfsf] cfjfh afx]s sf]7fdf ;Ggf6f 5fof] . aflx/ st} 6f9f df]6/
uf8Lsf] xg{ ah]sf] cfjfh eg] ;'lgb} lyof] . /flugLn] g} df}gtf eªu
u/L ælsg r'krfk a;]/ vfgf vfFb}5f} < d]/f] s'/fn] b'MvL agfPsf] t
xf]Og < kL/ gu/ . ltdLnfO{ s/ u/]/ cd]l/sf k7fpFlbg d . vfnL
cfkmgf] dgsf] OR5f dfq hfx]/ u/]sL x'F .Æ
cgdf]nn] d'vdf /x]sf] ufF; lgNb} eGof] . ævfgf vfFbf af]Ng' x'Fb}g
Sof Û /fdb]j afafn] eg]sf] ;'g]sL 5}gf} < k]6df afo' k;]/ bb{ x'G5 /]
ÛÆ
æP Û p;f] eP ltdL /fdb]j afafsf] eSt eO;Sof} . n Û nÛ vfgf
vfO ;s]kl5 s'/f u/f}Fnf .Æ /flugLn] cfFvf lemDSofO{ .
b'j}n] vfgf vfP kl5 /flugLn] efF8fx? l8; jf;df xfn]/
l8;jf; cg u/L . ?dfnn] 8fOlgª 6]a'n k'5]/ kmf]x/ ;a} 8:6ljgdf
xfnL . glhs} /x]sf] rfFbLsf] a66faf6 b'O{j6f ;'sd]nsf bfgf lgsfn]/
Pp6f cfˆgf] bfFtdf RofkL eg] csf]{ cgdf]nnfO{ lbO{ . cgdf]nn]
8fOlgª xn / efG;fsf] nfO6 ckm u/]/ 9f]sf 9Ksfof] . b'j}hgf a}7s
sIfdf k;] . cgdf]nn] Nofk6k vf]n]/ km];a's rnfpg yfNof] . /flugL
klg glhs} ;f]kmfdf a;L clg egL æP3f/ ahL ;Sof], ca ;'Tg] xf]Og
< ef]nL slt v]/ 5 8o'6L<Æ
/flugL cgdf]nsf] afFoflt/ a;]sL lyO{ . /flugLlt/ kms]{/ p;sf]
bfFof ufnfdf r'Db} eGof] cgdf]nn] æef]nL zlgjf/, afx| ah]

73. hfg'k5{ 8o'6Ldf . hl6n s]z k/]g eg] b'O{ 306fd} kms{G5' . clg
lbge/ k'm;{b} k'm;{b . ltd|f] s] 5 gL <Æ
æd]/f] 8o'6L klg ef]nL afx| ah] g} k/]sf] 5 . ;Fu} hfg kfOg] eof]
. ltd|f] afOsdf ga;]sf] klg b'O{ xKtf e};s]sf] 5 . t/ dnfO{ t
ltg306fsf] 8o'6L ;s]/ k]m/L /ftL klg hfg'k5{ .Æ /flugLn] klg
cgdf]nnfO{ r'dL .
æPsIf0f kv{ t Û kljq cgnfOgdf /x]5 . d p;Fu Rof6df s'/f
u5'{ .Æ p /flugLaf6 cnL k/ ;b}{ eGof] . Rof6df s'/f ug{ yfNof]
cgdf]nn] .
æawfO{ 5, Pd=8L= ug{ cd]l/sf hfg] le;f nfu]sf]df .Æ
æwGojfb, ltd|f] xfn va/ s] 5 <Æ
æd]/f] xfnva/ Ps bd 7Ls 5 . /flugLn] dnfO{ lgs} v';L
lbPsL 5g . pgsf] klg awfO{ 5 ltdLnfO{ . cF Û eg slxn] p8g] xf] <
k9fO{ stf xf] <Æ
æwGojfb /flugLnfO{ klg . d]/f] ˆnfO6 cfpFbf] ;f]daf/ xf] . k9g]
7fpF eg] lnªsg ljZj ljbofno 6]S;f; .Æ
æljjfx ug]{ slxn] xf]gL < l9nf x'Fb}g < ls lnP/ hfFb}5f} s'g} s]6L
<Æ
æev{/ t klRr;sf] eOof] . u/f}Fnf lg ljx] lt; k}+lt;sf]
pd]/ ;Dd . klxn] cd]l/sfdf ;]6n t xf}F .Æ
æst} rSs/ rnfPsf 5}gf} <Æ
æltdL h:tf] rªv] sxfF 5' / d, laz÷afO;d} rSs/ rnfpg] <
clxn] ;Dd To:tf] st} 5}g .Æ
æn t xfdLnfO{ ;+emb} u/ . cd]l/sfsf] /demddf e'n]/
xfdLnfO{ glj;{ . clxn]nfO{ 5'l66pF .Æ
æg]kfn cfphfp t eO/xG5 gL Û cfpFbf ltdLnfO{ ge]6L sxfF
hfG5' / d < n t afO{ ÛÆ
æafO{ ÛÆ

74. /flugLn] cgdf]nsf] skfn d';fb}{ egL æx]/ cgdf]n, ltd|f] ;fyL
kljq cd]l/sf uO{;Sof] eg] x'G5 . b'O{ lbg kl5 hfFb} 5 . lj:tf/} xfd|f
cGo ;fyLx? klg cd]l/sf, o'=s]=, ci6]«lnof, Sofg8f cflb b]zx?df
hfg]5g . o:tf] u/La b]zdf sf] a:5 < of] b]zdf t ca ltdL h:tf
b]zeStx? tyf /fi6«jfbLx? dfq a:g]5g . hLjge/ sfd ug]{5g,
b'Mv kfpg]5g / cGtdf ckdflgt eP/ dg]{5g .Æ
æltdLnfO{ o'=P;=hfg] w]/} OR5f 5 eg] lhcf/O{ u/g t Û
cgnfOgdf lbg lbg} e]6 eOxfN5 gL Û of] ;+;f/ t lgs} ;fgf] ePsf]
5 gL cfhef]nL . d t u/Lasf] 5f]/f], u/La b]zdf g} a:5' . sf]xL g
sf]xL t oxfF klg a:g' k¥of] gL ÛÆ cgdf]nn] Nofa6k aGb ub}{ eGof] .
æc/] a]aL Û d ltdLnfO{ 5f]8]/ sxfF hfg ;S5' / < ltdL;Fu a:g
kfPF t d g/sdf klg /dfOnf];Fu a:g ;S5' .Æ cgdf]nnfO{ cFufnf]
dfb}{ egL /flugLn] .
æhLjg e/L o:t} dfof kfOg] xf] sL rf/ lbgsf] rfFbgL dfq xf]
<Æ cgdf]n xfF:of] .
ækl5 yfxf kfpg] 5f} /flugLsf] dfof slt kljq /x]5 eGg] s'/f .
d]/f] hlt dfof u/]/ b]vfpg ;S5f}eg] .Æ /flugL klg xfF;L .
æn Û n Û dfof k|]dsf s'/f ub}{ u/f}Fnf . /ftsf] afx| ahL ;Sof] .
hfpF ;'Tg .Æ cgdf]nn] /flugLsf] cFufnf] k'm:sfP/ p7b} eGof] .
æn hfpF . d lj:t/f ldnfpF5' . ltdL sf]7fsf] tfkqmd ldnfp .Æ
;og sIflt/ hfFb} egL /flugLn] . cgdf]n klg kl5 nfUof] .
-@_
rf/}lt/ b;}Fsf] /demg lyof] . af6f]3f6f] dd{t / ;/;kmfO{ ug]{,
3/ cfFug ;kmf ug]{, 3/ lnkkf]t / /ª /f]ug ug]{, b;}Fsf] nflu lsgd]n
ug]{, s'6lk; ug]{ sfdx? x'Fb}lyP, htftt} . v]tx?df wfg kfs]/
kx]nk'/ b]lvGYof] . cfsf; ;kmf / ;'Gb/ lyof] . 3/ 3/df b;}Fsf
38fx? :yfkgf ug]{ / hd/f /fVg] sfd klg x'Fb} lyof] . ljb]z uPsf
g]kfnLx? / 3/ eGbf 6f9f hflu/ vfg uPsf sd{rf/L, lzIfsx? b;}F

75. dgfpg 3/lt/ hfFb} lyP . ahf/df lsgd]n ug]{sf] 3'Orf] a9b} lyof] .
cgdf]n / /flugL klg cfkmgf] 3/ 6fF8L k'u]sf lyP .
cgdf]nsf] 3/ 6fF8L ahf/sf] d'Vo rf]saf6 blIf0f lt/sf] ;
8saf6 ;o ld6/ 6f9f ;8s;Fu hf]l8Psf] hldgdf ag]sf] lyof] . 3/
sf] df]x8f ;8slt/ cyf{t klZrdtkm{ kms{]sf] lyof] . b'O{tn] 3/sf]
cufl8 pTt/ tkm{ b'Oj6f w'kL ;Nnfsf af]6x? / km'nx?sf udnf
5kSs} /flvPsf lyP . blIf0ftkm{ rfOlgh b'af] /f]k]/ b'O{j6f sf7sf
cf/fdL a]Grx? /flvPsf lyP . lardf 3/sf] a/08flt/ hfg] kSsL
af6f] ag]sf] lyof] . blIf0f lt/sf] rfOlgh b'af] ePsf] 7fpFdf /flvPsf
cf/fdL a]Grdf a;]/ cgdf]n / /flugL lrof lkO/x]sf lyP .
cgdf]nsL ltg jif{sL 5f]/L l;Dkn rsrs ul//x]sL lyO{ . p slxn]
k/]jf ;dfTg hfGyL, slxn] km'nx? l6Kg yfNyL, slxn] km'n pv]Ng
vf]HyL . cgdf]nsf af–cfdf a/G8fdf /flvPsf] ;f]kmfdf a;]/
gfltlgnfO{ o;f] gu/, p;f] gu/ eg]/ rsrs] gfltgLsf]
lqmofsnfkdf cj/f]w ug{] c;kmn k|oTg ul//x]sf lyP . cgdf]nsL
cfdfn] cufl8 /x]sf] l6 6]jndf /fv]/ d'nfsf] crf/ xln{S;sf] vfnL
a66fdf xfNb} elgg æcgdf]n, ltdLx?n] 6fF8L ahf/df /x]sf] ;aeGbf
cUnf] ejg b]Vof} < p oxfFaf6 klg b]lvb}5 x]/ t ÛÆ
æ3/ x]/]/ s] x'G5 / cfdf < sf7df8f}Fdf t emg klRr;÷lt;
tnf ePsf 3/x? 5g .Æcgdf]nn] lrofsf] r':sL lnbF} eGof] .
æd}n] 3/sf] dfq s'/f u/]sL xf]Og . Tof] 3/ t]/f] ;fyL kljqsf]
xf] . To;}n] s'/f u/]sL x'“ . kljq cd]l/sf uPsf] kfFr jif{ eof] .
p;n] tLg s/f]8 ?k}Fof k7fO{ ;Sof] /] Û 6fF8L ahf/df ;aeGbf 7'nf]
3/ p;}sf] 5 . sf7df8f}df b'O{j6f 38]/Lx?, gf/fo0f3f6df ltgj6f
38]/Lx? lsgL ;s] /], kljqsf] afa'n] .Æ cgdf]nsL cfdfn] v/{/
kl08tn] ;To gf/fo0fsf] syf k9] h:t} j]nL lj:tf/ nufOg .

76. æs] eof] t cfdf, d]/f] ;fyLsf] k|utL eg]sf] klg xfd|} k|utL xf] .
wGg cd]l/sfdf sdfPsf k}+;f g]kfn k7fP5 . of] t emg /fd|f] s'/f xf]
.Æ cgdf]nn] eGof] .
cgdf]nsL cfdfn] km]/L elgg æltdLx? b'a}hgf 8fS6/ 5f} . t}
klg cem;Dd 8]/fdf a;sf 5f} . ev{/ sf7df8f}}Fdf Ps /f]kgL hUuf
lnPsf 5f} eGg] ;'g]sL 5' . kljq PSn}n] Tolt w]/} sdfpFbf ltdLx?
b'O{hgfsf] t emg w]/} x'g' kg{] xf]Og / <Æ
æxf]Og cfdf,s'/f To;f] xf]Og . xfdL g]kfnL u/La 5f}F . xfd|f] b]z
u/La 5 . u/La b]z ePkl5 w]/} k};f x'Fb}g . w]/} k};f gePkl5 b]zn]
tna w]/} lbg ;Sb}g . of] ;To s'/f xf] . tna sd eof] eGb}df
g]kfnsf ;a} 8fS6/x? ;'ljwfsf] vf]hLdf c? b]zdf uP eg] g]kfnLx?
lj/fdL kbf{ s;n] x]/L lbg] < dfgf}F ef]nL tkfOF{x? g} lj/fdL kg'{ eof] /
g]kfndf Pp6f klg 8fS6/ ePgg eg] s] ug'{ x'G5 < To;}n] g]kfnLx?
sf] ;]jf ug{nfO{ sf]xL g sf]xL 8fS6/ t a:g} k¥of] . t}kgL b]zn]
xfdLNffO{ k'Ug] k};f lbPsf] 5 . c? If]qx? h:t} lghfdlt, hªuL, lzIff
tyf ;+:yfgx?df sfd ug{] JolStx? eGbf xfdL :jf:Yo If]qdf sfd
ug{]nfO{ a9L tnj ;'ljwf ldn]sf] 5 . clxn] g]kfnLx?sf] k|lt JolSt
cf}ift dfl;s cfo ltg xhf/ ?k}of dfq 5 . xfdL b'O{hgf ldn]/
dlxgfdf sDtLdf Ps nfv sdfpF5f} . of] /fd|f] xf]Og / cfdf < d t
cfkmg} g]kfnL bfh'efOx?sf], lbbL alxgLx?sf] tyf cfdf –afafsf] cf}
iflw pkrf/ ug{ kfpFbf v';L x'G5' . To;}df dnfO{{ ck"j{ ;Gt'li6 ldNb5
. dnfO{ ljb]zsf] u'nfdL u/]/ sdfPsf] w]/} k};f eGbf g]kfnLx?sf] ;]jf
u/L sdfPsf] ;'Vvf /f]6L w]/} /fd|f] nfU5 .Æ cgdf]nn] rfOlgh b'af]df
vfnL v'66f otfptf 6xNb} eGof] .
p;sL cfdfn] Ifdf dfu]h:t} u/L elgg æcgdf]n t w]/} hfGg]
5; . a'xf/L klg sxL gldNbfsL nIf0fsL 5g . d}n] ePsf] s'/
f ;'gfPsL dfq x'F . tnfO{ ljb]zdf hf eGg vf]]h]sL xf]Og . d]/f] s'/fdf
cGoyf glnP; .Æ

77. /flugLn] cfdfsf] s'/fdf;xL yfKb} egL æcfdfn] l7s} s'/f t eGg'
ePsf] 5 gL Û dflg;x? htf ;'ljwf a9L eof] pt} hfG5g . a'jf–cfdf
uf]/vfsf] ufpFd} a;]sf] eP ltdL lrtjg a;]/ ;'ljwf ef]Ug kfpYof}F <
8fS6/ k9g kfpFYof} < clxn]sf] ljZjdf dflg;x? ;'ljwf ePsf]
7fpFlt/ a;fO{ ;5{g . ltdLeg] g]kfnd} 6fFl;P/ a:g] eG5f} . dklg
ltdL lagf gafFRg] akmfb/, klteSt kTgL k/] . xfdL t kSsf g]kfnL,
b]zeSt, /fi6«jfbL, OdfGbf/ / /fi6«sf jkmfbf/ sd{rf/L k¥of}+ . xfdL
sxfF hfG5f} / c? ;'ljwf ;DkGg /fi6«df <Æ
lrof vfPsf] vfnL lunf; clxn] ;Dd xftd} v]nfO{ /x]sf] lyof]
cgdf]nn] . Tof] lunf; a/G8fsf] 5]pdf /fVb} eGof] p;n] æltdL h]
eG5of} eg, ltd|f] ljrf/ xf], t/ dnfO{ g]kfn b]z g} Kof/f] 5 . g]kfnL
g} Kof/f 5g . dnfO{ cfkmg} b]zdf ;fFem ljxfg vfg k'Ug] k};f ldn]sf]
5 . d ul/a g]kfnL bfh'efO{ tyf lbbL alxgLx?sf] ;]jf u/L a:g] 5' .
o;df ltdLn] klg ;fy lbg] 5f} eGg] dnfO{ k"0f{ ljZjf; 5 . d}n]
cfkmgf] b]zdf a;]/ a'af cfdfsf] klg hlt ;]jf ug{ ;S5', ljb]zdf
sdfP/ k7fPsf] k};fn] ;]jf ug{ ;lSbg . pxfFx?nfO{ t v';L kf] nfUg'
kg{] xf], 5f]/f a'xf/L g]kfnd} a;], xfdLNffO{ 5f]8]/ st} uPgg eg]/ .Æ
æn n ltdL h] eG5f}, d ToxL u5'{ . d}n] egL xfn]“ gL d ltd|f]
akmbf/ kTgL x'F . cfdfn] eg]sf s'/fdf cGoyf gn]p . pxfFn] xfd|f]
enfOs} nflu eGg' ePsf] xf] . ltdL rsrs] 5f]/LnfO{ x]b{} u/ . d
vfglkgdf nfU5' . df;' vfg] dg eP rfF8} lnP/ cfpF .Æ /flugLn]
a]Graf6 p7b} egL .
cgdf]nn] 5f]/LnfO{ p7fP/ sfFwdf af]Sof] clg eGof] æltdL c?
s'/f ksfpFb} u/, d rfF8} df;' lnP/ cfpF5' . 5f]/LnfO{ klg ahf/
3'dfP/ NofpF5' .Æ
/flugL efG;flt/ nflu eg] cgdf]n ahf/lt/ nfUof] .
cfwf 306fkl5 cgdf]nsf afa'5f]/L / kljqsf a'jf lx/fnfn
cfpFg nfu]sf b]lvP . pgLx? cfPsf] b]v]/ cgdf]nsL cfdfn] elgg

78. æcf]xf] lx/fnfn afa', cfpg'xf]; . cfh xfd|f] 3/ klg kljq x'g] eof] .
xfdL cl3 tkfOFs} af/d]f s'/f ub{} lyof}F . cgdf]nn] af]nfP/ NofPs]f
xf] ls s'g} sfdn] kfNg' ePsf] xf] <Æ
æd o:;f] ahf/lt/ lg:s]sf], cgdf]n afa'nfO{ b]v]F . cfkmg} 5f]/f
kljqsf] emNsf] nfu]/ cfof] . afa'n] t b]Vg' ePsf] lyPg . d}n] g}
af]nfPF . d]/f] 3/df hfpF eg]sf] t t/sf/L ;dodf gk'¥ofP /flugLsf]
xftaf6 n77L vfg a]/ x'Gg . csf{] lbg xh'/sf] 3/df cfpFnf . cfh
d]/f] 3/df hfpF eGg' ef] afa'n] . d sfd gkfPsf] a'9f], pxfFsf] kl5
nfu]/ cfPF, tkfOF{sf] 3/df ld7f] lrof vfg .Æ lx/fnfnn] a/
G8fsf] ;f]kmfdf a:b} eg] .
æn tkfO{ a:b} ugf{];, d lrof lnP/ cfpF5' . Nof afa', d
ksfpg] s'/f klg leq nlulbG5' . t]/f afa'5f]/f pxfF;Fu s'/f ub}{ u/ .Æ
cgdf]nsL cfdf leq lt/ nflug, cgdf]nsf] xftaf6 Knfli6ssf]
emf]nf lnb}F .
s]xL If0fkl5 cgdf]nsL cfdfn] lrof / e'6]sf] abfdsf bfgf
lnP/ cfOg . lrof / abfdsf] Kn]6 l6 6]andf /flvg . cgdf]n Pp6f
d]r lnP/ pgsf] glhs} a:of] . cgdf]nn] g} s'/fsf] yfngL u¥of] .
æsfsf, xh"/ t cd]l/sf k'u]/ cfpg' ef] eGg] ;'g“] . s:tf] /x]5 Tof]
b]z < ;a}n] ;kgfsf] b]z eg]sf] ;'lgG5 . cfkm" t clxn] ;Dd bzuhf
sf6]/ st} uPsf] 5}g .Æ
lrofsf] r':sL lnb}F eg] lx/fnfnn]æafa', cd]l/sf eg]sf] t cd]l/
s} /x]5 . Psk6s t Tof] b]z ;a}n] x]g}{ kg]{ /x]5 h:tf] nfUof] .
ToxfFsf ;8s eGg'x'G5 sL, kfs{ eGg'x'G5 sL, k'n eGg'x'G5 sL, xf]6]n
eGg'x'G5 htf uPklg s:tf] :jR5 / ;kmf . g w'nf] w'jfF 5 g lxnf] .
htf uPklg zx/ aflx/sf ;8sx? ;a} cf7n]gsf x'Fbf /x]5g .
uf8Ln] st} klg qm; ug'{ gkg]{ . qm; ug]{ 7fFpdf k'n x'Fbf]/x]5 . kLr
gu/]sf t ;8s} gx'g] . k;nx? klg slt :jR5 / ;kmf . k|To]s
dfnsf] d"No To;}df c+ªlst x'Fbf]/x]5 . lx;fj ug]{ / aLn ltg]{ ;a}

79. sDKo"6/ / S|]ml86 sf8{af6 . k;ndf dfG5] 9f]sfdf k'Ubf cfkm} 9f]sf
v'Ng], cfkm} aGb x'g] . st} s]xL ;fdfg la:of]{ eg] h;n] b]Vof] p;n]
va/ ug]{ jf k|x/LnfO{ a'emfO{ lbg] /x]5 . ToxfFsf] l;:6d g} ck"j{sf]
afa' . ;Eotf eg]sf] t Tof] kf] xf] . slt aofg u?F afa' , s'g} ;dodf
hfg' eof] eg] cfkm} b]Vg' x'g]5 .Æ
æsfsf, ToxfF 3/df a:bf s] s:tf] x'bf]/x]5 t <Æ
æ3/ klg To:t} :jR5 / ;kmf x'bf /x]5g . 3/ j/k/sf ?v lj?
jfx? sl6ªu u/]/ lrl6Ss kf/]sf, 3/ j/k/ st} sfuhsf 6'qmf6fqmL,
sl;ªu/ gx'g] . kfgL, ljh'nL, OG6/g]6 rf}lj;} 3G6f c6'6 x'g] .
x'nfsaf6 ;fdfg dufof] eg] @$ 306f leq} 3/d} cfOk'Ug] . 3/ leq
g hf8f], g udL{, tftf] lr;f] kfgL, cfunflusf] ;'/Iff x'g] /x]5 .
To:tf] ;'ljwf t g]kfndf wgLx?sf] 3/df dfq x'G5 xf]nf . 3/
df ;'Tsf/L dlxnf 5g eg] k|To]s lbg 8fS6/ 3/d} cfP/ hfFr ubf{ /
x]5g . of] ;a} lgz'Ns x'g] /x]5 . o:tf s'/f slt ug{] afa' < dnfO{ t
Tot} a;f}+ h:tf] nfUof] . kljq klg lgs} /fd|f];Fu a;]sf] kf] 5 t Û
To;/L t oxfF /fhfdxf/fhf klg a;]sf xf]cf]Ogg .Æ
æca km]/L slxn] hfg'x'G5 t cd]l/sf <Æ
ækljqn] af]nfPkl5 hfg' knf{ . p;n] cfp geg] ;Dd t s] hfg'
. clxn] p;n] pt} lax] klg u/]sf] 5 . 3/ lsGg] s'/f ub{} lyof] .
cfh ;Dd @ s/f]8 *) nfv g]kfnL ?k}of k7fO{ ;Sof] . cfDbfgL klg
lgs} x'Fbf]/x]5 afa' ToxfF . ToxfFsf] sdfOsf] s'/f u¥of] eg] t g]kfnsf]
sdfO t xfTtLsf] d'vdf lh/f eg] h:t} xf] . p;n] clxn] dlxgfsf] !%
nfv g]kfnL sdfpF5 . Tolt sdfpg t g]kfndf kfFr jif{ t nflu
xfN5 xf]nf .Æ
æToxfaf6 g]kfn kms{bf s:tf] nfUof] t sfsf <Æ
æo:tf] b]zdf lsg hGd eof] xf]nf eGg] nfUof] . g]kfndf kfOnf]
6]Sg] ljlTts} htftt} w'nf], w'jf, lxnf], df6f], kmf]x/sf] 8ªu'/ b]lvg
yfNof] . lhg{ cj:yfdf /x]sf ;8s / uNnLx?, ;8s k]6Ldf vf]lnPsf

80. cJojl:yt k;nx?, 5f8f kz'x?, cJojl:yt ;jf/L ;fwgx?,
b'u{lGwt 9n / gfnLx?, gfnLdf kmoflsPsf Knfli6sx?, cJojl:yt
3/x?, kvf{n tyf 3/x?sf leTtfx?df, ;fj{hlgs 7fpFx?df n]lvPsf]
ljleGg zAbx? b]Vbf t ptf x]/]/ xfd|f] b]z t g/s} h:tf] kf] nfUof] .
xfdL g]kfnLnfO{ ;kmf;'3/ eP/ a:g klg s]n] 5]s]sf] xf]nf, afa' <xfd|
f] b]znfO{ /fd|f] s;/L agfpg] xf]nf < xfd|f lbg t o;} u/L uP, ca
afa'x?n] ug'{ k¥of] s]xL sfd .Æ
æxf] t gL sfsf, d ljb]zlt/uP/ ToxfFsf] ;Eotf x]g{ kfPsf] t
5}g t/ xfd|f] b]znfO{ s;/L /fd|f] agfpg ;lsPnf eg]/ lrGtf ul//
xG5' . htftt} y''kfl/Psf] kmf]x/sf] 8ªu'/df ;'u'/ h:t} a;]sf 5f}F xfdL
. ;aeGbf klxn] t ;/sf/df a:g]n] ;f]Rg' kg{] xf], sfsf . uNtL
ug{]nfO{ b08 / /fd|f] sfd ug{]nfO{ k|z+;f gug{] xf] eg] of] b]zdf s;}n]
sfd ug{]jfnf 5}g . /fd|f dflg;x? ;a} ljb]zlt/ hfg] eP . Ps
hgfn] s]xL /fd|f] sfd ug{ vf]Hof] eg] c?n] k|z+;f ug'{ t stf xf]
stf, pN6f] xfF;f]df p8fpg] / afwf kfg{] sfd u5{g t ÛÆ
æd t afa', 3/sf] sfdsfh Tofu]/ nfp8l:ks/df ;x/ ;kmf /
f v f { F } , k m f ] x / h y f e f j L
gkmfnf{F}, ;fj{hlgs :yfgx? / ;fj{hlgs ;DklTtsf] /Iff u/f}F egL k|
rf/ ub{} lx8f}F h:tf] kf] nfUb} 5 t ÛÆ
æsfsfsf] / d]/f] larf/ 7ofSs} ldNof] . n sfsf d klg o; s'/
fdf tkfO{nfO{ ;dy{g ub{5' . a? o:t} larf/ ePsf @÷$ hgf c?
dfG5]x? vf]h]/ Pp6f ;ªu7g vf]nf}F, clg b]zJofkL cfGbf]ng g}
rnfcf}F, x'Gg sfsf <Æ
æx'G5, x'G5 . d klg lrtjgdf s]xL dfG5] h'6fpF5' . afa'n]
sf7df8f}Fdf vf]Hg'xf]; . Ps dlxgf leq of] sfd u/f+} . u/] s;f] gxf]nf
<Æ
æx'G5, sfsf, d kSsf ug{] eP“ .Æ

81. æn t cgdf]n afa', tkfO{“;Fu w]/} s'/f eof] . clxn] d hfG5' .
bfh'–efph';Fu t e]6 eO{ g} /xG5 . afa' klg ltxf/ ;Dd t ot} a:g'
x'G5gL Û km]/L klg a;]/ s'/f u/f}+nf .Æ olt eGb} lx/fnfn p7] .
cgdf]nsL cfdfn] /f]Sb} elgg æafa', vfgf vfg] ;dodf cfP/
Ps uf“; eft gvfO{ sxfF hfg kfOPnf < eft kfsL ;Sof] . cfh ot}
vfP/ hfg'k5{ .Æ
cgdf]nsf af o; j]nf ;Dd s]xL af]n]sf lyPgg . c?s} s'/
f ;'g]/ cfgGb lnO/x]sf lyP . pgn] klg eg] æa:gf]; g efO{, cfh
df}sfn] cfpg' ePsf] 5 . vfgf vfP/ hfgf]; .Æ
æbfh'–efph'n] eGg'eof], dnfO{ vfP h:t} eof] . cfh d vfGg .
3/df eft kfls;s]sf] 5 . ptf eft kmfNg' k5{ . otf tkfO{x?
nfO{ l7s kf/]/ ksfPsf] vfgf vfP/ ptf lsg v]/ kmfNg] < 6f9f klg
5}g . Tolx g]/ t xf] gL Û s'g} lbg vfpFnf gL Û cfh s/ gugf]{; Æ
lx/fnfnn] eg] .
æeft gvfg] eP, Ps rf]S6f df;' vfP/ hfgf]; . a:gf];, d
lnP/ cfpF5' .Æ cgdf]nsL cfdfn] leqlt/ hfFb} elgg .
s]xL ;do kl5 lx/fnfn cfkmgf] 3/lt/ nfu] . cgdf]nsf] kl/jf/
klg vfgf vfg] t/v/df nfUof] .
-#_
cgdf]n / /flugLsf] bfDkTo hLjgn] kGw|f“} a;Gt kf/ u/]sf]
lyof] . pgLx?sL 5f]/L l;Dkn t]x| jif{sL lyO{, hf] ;]G6 d]l/h :s'ndf
cf7 sIffdf k9b} lyO{ . cgdf]n / /flugLsf] hLjg /dfOnf];Fu rln/
x]sf] lyof] . cgdf]n dxf/fhuGh lzIf0f c:ktfndf l;lgo/ 8fS6/
sf] ?kdf sfo{/t lyof] eg] /flugL jL/ c:ktfnsf] k|;'lt jf8{df ;'kl/
G6]G86sf] ?kdf sfo{/t lyO{ . pgLx?n] sf7df8f}Fsf] ;t'ªundf rf/
tNnf ePsf] cfw'lgs aªunf lgdf{0f u/]sf lyP . cgdf]nsf afa'cfdf
lrtjfgd} a:y]] . plgx? sf7df8f}Fdf 5f]/fa'xf/L;Fu a:g dfg]gg .

82. pgLx?nfO{ lrtjg 6fF8Ls} cfkmgf] 3/ Kof/f] lyof] . To;}n] cgdf]nn]
cfdfafa'sf] ;xof]u ug{ Pp6f dfG5] /flvlbPsf] lyof] dfl;s kGw|
xhf/ tnj lbP/ . vfgkLg vfP/ kGw|xhf/ kfpg' u/La g]kfnLsf
nflu l7s} t xf] .
cgdf]nn] hjfx/nfn g]x? ljZj ljbofno lbNnLaf6
sfl8{of]nhLdf Pd=8L= ul/;s]sf] lyof] . p;nfO{ uªufnfn x[bo s]Gb|
af“;jf/Ldf cfpFg lgs} cfu|x ePsf] lyof], t/ p;n] dxf/fh uGh
5f]8g rfx]g . p d'6' ;DalGw ljz]]if1x?df g]kfndf bz hgf 8fS6/
x?df ulgGYof] . /flugLn] klg ufOgf]nhLdf lq=lj=af6} Pd=l8= u/]sL
lyO{ . clxn] pgLx?n] Pp6f k|fOe]6 xl:k6ndf klg nufgL u/]sf lyP
. pgLx?n] dfl;s kfFr nfv cfDbfgL uy{] .
o:t} ;dodf cgdf]nnfO{ d'6' 6«fG;KnfG6]zg ;DaGwL Ps xKt]
cGt/f{li6«o ;]ldgf/df efu lng ;o'St /fHo cd]l/sfsf] /fhwfgL
jfl;ª6g l8=;L=df k7fpg] eof] g]kfn ;/sf/n] . p;nfO{ Psk6s
cd]l/sf x]g{ hfg] OR5f lyof], /fd|} nfUof] . o;} lgx'Fdf cd]l/sf x]g{]
of]hgf agfof], p;n] . /flugL / 5f]/L l;Dkn klg cfkmg} vr{df cd]l/
sf 3'Dg hfg] eP . Ps xKtf jfl;ª6g l8=l;=df /xFbf ToxfFsf d'Vo
ko{6sLo 7fpFx? x]g{], csf{] Ps xKtf 6]S;f; uP/ kljq;Fu a:g] /
p;}sf] ;xof]udf u|ofG8 Sofgg, u|]6n]s, gfou|fkmfN;, :6]Ro' ckm
lnj6L{, xfj8{ ljZj ljbofn cflb 7fpFx? cjnf]sg ug{] of]hgf agfof]
. ToxL cg';f/ b'aO{ 6«flGh6 kf/]/ ltgj6f Kn]g l6s6 a's u¥of] .
ToxL of]hgf cg';f/ kljq;Fu kmf]g ;Dks{ ubf{ ;Dks{ x'g ;s]g
. km];a's, 6j'6/df klg kljq ;Dks{df cfPg . cgdf]nn] kljqsf] 3/
lrtjgdf ;Dks{ u¥of] . ToxfFaf6 hfgsf/L ldNof] sL kljqn] rf/ jif{
cl3 b]lv k};f k7fpg 5f]8]sf] /x]5 . kmf]g ;Dks{ eg] gf} dlxgf klxn]
;Dd x'g] u/]sf] / To;kl5 gePsf] atfP, kljqsf] a'jfn] . a'xf/L/
gftL;Fu eg] kmf]gdf k6s k6s s'/fsfgL x'g] u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbP .
pgL;Fu kljqsf] kTgLsf] kmf]g gDa/= dfu]/ cgdf]nn] kmf]g nufof] .

83. kljqsL :jf:gL sf]l/og s]6L /xL5 . p;sf] gfd l;glhg /x]5 .
l;ghLgaf6 yfxf eof] sL klaqn] p;Fu ;DaGw ljR5]b ul/;s]sf]
lyof] . ;DaGw ljR5]b u/]kl5 kljqn] 5f]/fsf] kfngkf]if0f cfkm} ug{]
egL lhDdf lnPsf] t/ Ps lbg 5f]/fnfO{ l;glhgsf] 9f]sfdf 5f]8]/
a]kTtf ePsf] atfO{ . To;kl5 afWotfa; 5f]/fnfO{ cfkm};Fu /fv]/
kfngkf]if0f ul//x]sL lyO{ . kljqsf] a'af cfdfn] kmf]g ubf{ hlxn] klg
aflx/ uPsf] eGbL /xL5 lsgsL kljq efu]/ uof] elg lbof] eg] 3/df
kL/ kg{] lyof] . 3/sf dfG5]nfO{ kL/ gk/f]; eg]/ ;DaGw ljR5]b ePsf]
/ kljq x/fPsf] s'/f eg]sL /lxg5 .
kljqsf] kTtf nfu]g . cgdf]nsf] jfl;ª6g l8=;L=df ;ft
lbg] ;]ldgf/df efu lng] qmddf ef/tLo, kfls:tfgL / aªunfb]zL
8fS6/x?;Fu lrghfg eof] . pgLx?;Fu} jfl;ª6g l8=l;=sf ljleGg
e f u d f 3 ' d f p g n U o f ] 5 f ] / L / : j f : g L n f O { .
tL ;fyLx? ;]ldgf/ ;lsPkl5 t'?Gt} kmsL{xfn] t/ cgdf]nsf kl/jf/
sf] l6s6 Ps xKtf kl5 lyof] . Ps xKtf ;Dd jfl;ª6g l8=l;=d} slt
a:g' < glrg]sf] 7fpFdf 3'Dg klg stf hfg] < sf]xL g]kfnLx? klg
e]l6Pgg . p;n] st} g st} t 3'Dg hfg} k¥of] .
nf]Ug] :jf:gLsf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ Go'of]s{ ;x/lt/ hfg] of]hgf agfP .
ljxfgsf] bz ah] lxF8]sf] a; gf} 306fdf ;fFem ;ft ah]
Go'of]s{ cfOk'Uof] . pgLx? xf]6n vf]Hb} hfFbf g]kfnLx?n] g} vf]n]sf]
xf]6n cGgk'0f{ e]l6of] . o;}df af; a;] . b'O{ a]8sf] ?d k|ltlbg
bO{ ;o 8n/ / vfgfsf] k|ltJolSt b'O{ 5fssf] ;o 8n/ . lrof gf:tf
tyf yk kl/sf/sf] cnu d"No nfUg] . xf]6nsf] sf]7f eg] /fd|f] lyof] .
l;Dkn xfd|f] 3/ cfPh:t} nfUof] eg]/ aflx/ leq ug{ yfnL . xf]6nsf]
aflx/ 7"nf] j/fG8f lyof], hxfFaf6 d]rdf a;]/ rf/}lt/sf] b[Zo
cjnf]sg ub{} lrof lkpg ;lsGYof] . sf]7fdf lgz'Ns jfOkmfO{, l6eL,
jfy?d tyf Oo/ sl08;G8 lyof] .

84. bf];|f] lbg ljxfg} pgLx? :6ofRo' ckm lnj6L{ x]g{ uP, km]/Ldf
r9]/ . of] ;d'b|sf] lardf /x]sf] ;fgf] 6fk'df cjl:yt lyof] .
h;nfO{ bf];|f] ljZjo'4 kl5 k|mfG;n] pkxf/ lbPsf] lyof] . cgdf]n,
p;sL kTgL /flugL / 5f]/L l;Dknsf] kfgL hxfh r9]sf] klxnf] cg'ej
ePsf]n] lgs} /f]dfl~rt eP . l;Dknn] lgs} tl:j/x? lvrL . otfptf
bu'/L . Toxf“af6 kms{]kl5 Pp6f xf]6ndf l5/]/ lkHhf vfP, clg
PDkfo/ :6]6 ljlN8ª r9] . k|lt JolSt 5lAa; 8n/ lt/]/ Ps ;o
b'O{ tn] of] ljlN8ªsf] *^ tnf ;Dd dfq r9g kfObf] /x]5 . ToxfFaf6
Go'of]s{sf] clwsf+z efu cjnf]sg ug{ ;lsGYof] . clg ;]K6]Dj/ !! df
cf];fdf ljg nfb]gn] Wj:t kf/]sf] 6jLg 6fj/ ePsf] 7fpFdf lgdf{0f
ul/Psf] :d[lt kfs{ cjnf]sg ug{ uPF, hxfF b'j} ejgsf] :yfgdf em/
0ffx? lgdf{0f ul/Psf] / To; 36gfdf ToxfF j/kl/sf ;Dk"0f{ ?v lj?
jfx? klg Wj:t ePsf /x]5g . To; 36gfdf Pp6f dfq ?v
afFr]sf] /x]5 . To; ?vnfO{ chDj/L ?v eg]/ lgs} :ofxf/ u/L /
flvPsf] lyof] . Tof] lbg O:6 gbLdf agfPsf] k'/fgf] ljzfn k'nsf]
cjnf]sg klg u/F] .
ef]nL kN6 ljxfg st} uPgg . ljxfgsf] vfgf a;]s} xf]6ndf
vfP . lbpF;f] Go'of]s{sf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] kfs{ ;]G6«n kfs{lt/ 3'Dg uP .
kfs{sf] k'/} efu e|d0f ug{ k}bn hfFbf ;Dej lyPg uf8L jf jUuLdf
hfg' kYof]{] . s'g} dflg;x? tnfpdf 8'ªuf zo/ ub{} lyP, st} gf6s
rln/x]sf] lyof], st} r6s]n] r6s b]vfpFYof], sfn]x? uLt ufpFy] /
zf/Ll/s cEof;x? uy{] . 7fpF7fpFdf ko{6sx?sf] lrqx? agfpg]
JolStx? a;]sf lyP . cgdf]nn] bz 8n/ lt/]/ 5f]/Lsf] tl:j/
agfpg nufof] . kfs{sf] u]6df :jtGqtfsf] d'tL{ ag]sf JolStx?
plePsf lyP . ltgLx?;Fu kmf]6f] lng] JolStx? nfOg nfu]sf lyP .
kmf]6f] lvr]kl5 tL d'lt{ ag]sf JolStnfO{ @ b]lv % 8n/ lbg' kYof]{ .
kfs{af6 lg:sbf ck/fGxsf] tLg ah]sf] lyof] . xf]6n dflnsn] lbPsf]
ufO8a's cg';f/ ca pgLx? 6fOD; :Sjfo/ x]g{ hfg] larf/ u/] .

85. Go'of]s{sf] 6fOD; :Sjfo/df k|ltlbg bz nfv dflgx? hDdf
x'G5g . dflg;x? dflg; x]g{ cfpF5g . To;}n] dflg;sf] ;ªVof a9L/
xG5 . rf/}lt/sf ;o tnfsf cUnf ejgx?sf] aLrdf /x]sf] rf]s tL
ejgx?df /flvPsf ljzfn xf]l/ªu af]8{x?n] ubf{ /ft lbg rsfrf}w
eO/xG5 . st} uLt ufog 5, st} g[To rNb}5, st} clego, r6s
rNb}5 . s'g} JolSt l8:g] cfj/sf kfqx?, ;'k/ Dofg, :kfO8/ Dofg,
Jof6Dofg cflb ag]sf 5g . s'g} :jtGqtfsf] e"tL{ ag]sf 5g . s'g}
lxdefn', lrDkf~hL, lxd lrt'jf, d]dy ag]sf 5g . ltg};Fu tl:j/
lvrfpg]x?sf] eL8 5 . b'O{÷rf/ hgf k'?ifx? / b'O{ hgf dlxnfx?
cfkmgf] z/L/df k]lG6ªu u/fP/, ;jf{ªu gUg 5g . ltgLx?sf] z/L/df
sk8fsf] Pp6f 6'qmf klg 5}g . tL gUg k'?if / dlxnfx?;Fu klg
tl:j/ lvrfpg]sf] nfOg 5 . dflg;sf] cf–cfkmgf] ;f}v xf] . o:t} 5 .
tL ;jf{ªu gUg k'?ifx? dWo] Pshgf k'?iflt/ cf}NofpFb} cfgdf]nn]
eGof] æ/flugL Tof] dflg;lt/ x]/ t ÛÆ
/flugLn] l/;fpFb} egL æ5L Û s] b]vfPsf] xf]nf < nfh z/d x/
fPsf] dfG5] . 5f]/L ;Fu} 5 eGg] s'/f klg yfxf geP h:tf] .Æ p;n]
cfFvf tb{} csf{]lt/ d'G6f] kmsf{O .
æTof] xf]Og s] . Tof] dflg; stf stf lrg] h:t} nfu]sf]n] eg]sf]
x'“ . Tof] dflg;nfO{ d}n] st} b]v] h:t} nfu]sf] 5 . ;fFRr} xf] . d}n]
ltdLnfO{ lh:SofPsf] xf]Og . Psk6s x]/ t ÛÆ p;n] k'gM s/ u¥of] .
ædfd' x]l/:of] t, Tof] dflg; g]kfnL h:t} b]lvb}5 .Æ l;Dknn]
klg ToxL dflg;lt/ Ozf/f ub}{ egL .
æltdL afa'5f]/L /fd|f s'/f x]5f}{ / < d x]lb{g . x]/ ltdLx? nfh
gePsfx? .Æ /flugL k'gM l/;fO{ .
æltdL s'/} ga'em]/ l/;fp5of}F . Ps k6s dfgjLo gftfn] x]/
t ;xL, Tof] dfG5]nfO{ . dnfO{ ;Demgf cfO{/x]sf] 5}g . ltd|f] ;Demgfdf
kSs} cfpF5 xf]nf . Tof] dfG5] xfd|} lrg]hfg]sf] h:tf] nfUb}5 .Æ
cgdf]nn] /flugLnfO{ cg'/f]w u¥of] .

86. cgdf]nsf afa'5f]/L ToxL dfG5]lt/ lgofn]/ x]b}{ lyP . /flugLn]
klg afa'5f]/Ln] yfxf gkfpg] u/L ss{] cfFvfn] Tof] dfG5]nfO{ x]/L . Tof]
cªu|]hLdf s'/f ub{} lyof] . xfF;L/x]sf] lyof] . Tof];Fu dflg;x? tl:j/
lvrfO/x]sf lyP . b'O{ 8n/, rf/ 8n/, kfFr8n/ lbGy] . p;n] d'77Ldf
/fVb} hfGYof] . Tof] dfG5]sf] z/L/ /ftf], xl/of], kx]Fnf], sfnf], ;]tf] yl/
y/Lsf /ªun] /ªufO{Psf]n] d'tL{ h:tf] b]lvPsf] lyof] . /flugLnfO{ klg
Tof] dfG5]nfO{ stf b]v]F h:tf], lrg] h:tf] nfUof] . sxfF b]v]sf] xf]nf
eg]/ an u/]/ ;f]Rg yfnL . w]/} j]/ ;f]Rbf p;sf] lbdfudf emjf66
kljqsf] cg'xf/ b]vf k¥of] . p em;ªu x'Fb} cgdf]n lt/ kmsL{ /
cgdf]nnfO{ xftn] 3r3RofpFb} egL æcgdf]n, s] crDd xf] < Tof] t
xfd|f] 6fF8Ls} ;fyL kljq h:tf] kf] nfUb}5 dnfO{ t . x]/ t Û x]/ .
To;sf] xF;fO{ 7ofSs} p:t} 5 . cUnf] klg TolTts} xf] .Æ
æcF=======xf], xf], pxL xf] dnfO{ klg ofb cfof] . xf] kSs} Tof] kljq
g} xf] . s;/L o:tf] kltt sfd ug{ yfNof] t To;n] < g]kfndf Toqf]
wg ;DklTt, dfg, ;Ddfg ePsf] 8fS6/ h:tf] pRr bIf JolSt cd]l/
sfdf cfP/ b'O{ 8n/sf] nflu OHht a]rL/x]sf] 5 . cfˆgf] OHht t
df6f]df ldnfof], ldnfof], xfdL g]kfnLsf] dfg k|lti7fdf ;d]t 7];
k'¥ofO /x]sf] 5 . s] p;n] sdfP/ g]kfndf k7fPsf] k};f o;} u/L
sdfPsf] xf]nf < s] Tof] kljq g} xf] t < ls d]/f cfFvf lt/ld/fPsf
x'g < p;sf] cg'xf/ ;Fu ldNg] csf{] sf]xL JolSt xf]nf < s] ljb]zdf
a:g] g]kfnLx?sf] o:t} xljut xf]nf <Æ cgdf]n af]Nb} lyof] .
æafaf, Tof] sf] dfG5] xf] <Æ l;Dknn] ;f]wL .
æd klg cndNn k/]sf] 5' . Tof] d]/f] ;fyL kljq h:t} nflu/
x]5 . of] s'/f s;}NfO{ geg x} 5f]/L .Æ cgdf]nn] 5f]/Lsf] skfn d';fb{}
eGof] .
æx'G5 afaf, d elGbg .Æ l;Dknn] egL .

87. æcgdf]n, /ft kg{ yfnL ;Sof] . hfpF ca xf]6nlt/ . gq cFWof/
f]df x/fpg] 5f}F xf]6n kTtf gnufP/ .Æ /flugL Soflagsf] dfly a;]sL
lyO{, p7b} egL .
æ/flugL, ltdL / l;Dkn xf]6nlt/ hfFb} u/ . d Tof] dfG5] klaq
xf] sL xf]Og, kTtf nufP/ cfFp5' . p olb klaq g} /x]5 eg]d p;nfO{
klg lnP/ cfFp5' .Æ eGof] cgdf]nn] .
/flugLn] l/;fpFb} egL æltdL cy{ g Joy{sf] s'/f gu/ x} . kljq
g} eP klg xfdLnfO{ s] km/s k5{ / < p;sf] cfkmgf] hLjg xf] . p;n]
cfkmgf] OR5f cg';f/ cfkmgf] hLjg rnfpg kfpg' k5{ . ltdLn] lsg
lardf l8:6j{ u5f{} <Æ
æ/flugL, ltdLn] o:tf] eGg ;'xfpFb}g . ltdL / d g]kfnsf
lhDd]jf/ gful/s xf}F . d kljqnfO{ o:tf] kltt sfo{ ug{ lbGg . d
p;nfO{ of] gf/sLo hLjgaf6 d'St u/]/ g]kfn lnP/ hfG5' . ltdL d]/
f] k|Lo ;ªuLgL xf} . dnfO{ cfkmgf] st{Jo ug{af6 g/f]s . ltdLn] o:tf]
sfo{df dnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{k5{ . ltdL PSn} xf]6]n hfg ;lSbgf} eg]
ltdLx? oxL a; . d Tof] dfG5] slt v]/ oxfFaf6 stf hfG5, kv{]/ a:
5' . clg kl5 kl5 p;sf] 8]/flt/ hfG5' / jf:tljs s'/f a'em]/ sfd
u5{' .Æ cgdf]nn] /flulglt/ x]b}{ eGof] .
/flugLn] Rof7Lb} egL æltd|f] ln8] l9kL b]v]/ d jfSs eO;s]“ .
ltdL Tof] dfG5]sf] kl5 kl5 hfp . Tof] h:t} dfu]/ vfp . xfdL hfG5f}F
. ltdL guP klg ef]nL xfdL jfl;ª6g hfg]5f}F . ltdL h] dg nfU5 u/
.Æ
/flugL 5f]/Lsf] xft ;dft]/ 8f]¥ofpFb} rfF8f] rfF8f] l;9L cf]ln{g
yfnL . cgdf]n s]xL af]n]g . ToxL a;L/xof] .
;fFemsf] cf7 ahL;s]sf] lyof] . c“Wof/f] ePklg 6fOD; :Sjfo/
df lemnLldnL lyof] . cgdf]n kljqsf] 8]/ftkm{ hfg] ;dosf] kvf{Odf
lyof] . t/ kljq cem} klg ljleGg JolStx?;Fu tl:j/ lvrfpFb} 8n/

88. sdfpFb} lyof] . p cem} cfkmgf] 8]/ftkm{ hfg] ;'/df lyPg . dflg;x?
p;nfO{ b'O{ 8n/, rf/ 8n/, kfFr 8n/ lbGy]F . p dVv lyof] .
cgdf]nsf] w}o{tf x/fpFb} uPsf] lyof] . /ft l5lKkb} lyof] . /flugL
l/;fP/ uPsL lyO{ . xf]6n k'uL sL k'lug < p clw/ x'Fb} lyof] . ca
p;n] kljqnfO{ af]nfpg} k¥of] eg]/ p;sf] glhs} uP/ g]kfnLdf eGof]
ætkfO{ g]kfnL xf]Og <Æ
kljq em:s]/ cgdf]nlt/ x]¥of] t/ t'?Gt ;Dxflnof] . p;n]
cgdf]nn] eg]sf] s'/f ga'em] em} clego u¥of] clg k'gM cfkmg} sfddf
Jo:t x'g vf]Hof] .
cgdf]nn] klg kljqn] jf:tljstf n'sfof] eg] a'emof] . p;n]
xf/ gdfgL cªu|]hLdf eGof] æx]nf] ld:6/, cf/ o' g]kfnL <Æ
ægf]===gf]=====cfO{ Pd g6 g]kfnL, cfO Pd a|flhlnog . x' cf/ o'
<Æ kljqn] eGof] .
cgdf]nn] cfkm'lt/ b]vfpFb} eGof] æcfO{ Pd g]kfnL, cfO{ Pd
cgdf]n, of]/ a]:6 k|m]08 cgdf]n . o' cf/ kljq, o' cf/ cN;f]
g]kfnL .Æ cgdf]nn] p lt/ klg cf}nf b]vfof] .
æXjf6 gf]G;]G;, x' cf/ o' < cfO{ Pd g6 kljq . cfO{ Pd
hf]gfyg dfs{; . 8f]G6 l8:6j{ dL .Æ kljqn] l/;fpFb} eGof] .
æltdL kljq xf}F . lrtjgsf] 6fF8L ahf/sf] :yfoL jfl;Gbf lx/
fnfnsf 5f]/f xf}F ltdL . d ltd|f] ;fyL cgdf]n x' . ltdL / d la; jif{
;Fu} a;]sf 5fF}, Pp6f 7fpFdf v]n]sf 5f}F, ;'v b'vdf xfF;]sf 5f}, /f]Psf
5f} . d ltdLnfO{ h:tf] cj:yfdf klg 7Dofpg ;S5' . d]/f] cfFvfn]
dnfO{ wf]sf lbPsf 5}gg . ltdL dnfO{ 5sfpg ;Sb}gf}F . clego gu/
. jf:tljs cj:yfdf cfp .Æ cgdf]nn] g]kfnLdf eGof] .
ægf]=====gf]====Æ eGb} kljq efUg vf]Hof] . cgdf]nn] efUbf efUb}
p;sf] kfv'/f ;dftL xfNof] . p;n] kljqnfO{ cFufnf] xfNb} eGof]
ækljq ltdL lgs} /fd|f] 8fS6/ xf}F . g]kfndf ltd|f] 7'nf] dfg ;Ddfg
5 . ltdLn] cl:6of]nhL h:tf] dxTjk"0f{ If]qdf ljz]if1tf xfFl;n u/]sf

89. 5f} . ltdLnfO{ oxfF o;/L a:g ;'xfpFb}g . ltdL o:tf] sfddf nfu]sf
xf}nf eGg] s'/f d}n] ;f]r]sf] lyOg . ltdL dnfO{ df/ jf sf6, d
ltdLnfO{ 5f]8lbg . Pp6f ;fyLsf] gftfn] ltd|f] OHht hf]ufpg' d]/f]
st{Jo xf] . lx8 ltd|f] 8]/fdf hfpF . cfkmgf] 3/ agfPsf 5f} eg] dnfO{
cfkmgf] 3/df n}hfp . d ltd|f] ;Dk"0f{ s'/f ;'Gg rfxG5' . of] sfd /fd|f]
xf]Og eGg] s'/fdf d ljZj:t 5' . of] sfo{af6 d'St u/fpg d]/f]
as{tn] EofP ;Dd ltdLnfO{ x/t/xsf] dbt ug{ tof/ 5' . t/ o;/L
tNnf] bhf{sf] sfd ug{ eg] lbGg . of] sfdaf6 hlt g} w]/} sdfO{ xf];,
of] sfd ltdLn] 5f]8g} kb{5 . Æ
kljq sdhf]/ aGb} uof] . ca cgdf]nnfO{ 5sfpg ;lsb}g eGg]
a'emof] p;n] . xftdf ;fgf] kz{ lyof] . z/L/ ;jf{ªu gfªuf] / ljleGg
/ªux?n] /ªluPsf] lyof] . p;n] ?b} cg'go ljgo
ug{ yfNof] .æcgdf]n ltdL oxfF lsg cfof} < ltdL afx]s c? s'g}
JolStn] dnfO{ lrGg] lyPg . dnfO{ oxL cj:yfdf 5f]8L b]p cgdf]n .
ltdL hfp . d ltdL;Fu hLjgdf klxnf] rf]l6 cg'go ub{5' sL of] s'/f
s;};Fu gegL b]p . /flulg;Fu klg geg . of] d]/f] cGt/x[boaf6
lg:s]sf] cg'/f]w xf] . d ltd|f] nflu, d]/f] cfdfafa'sf] nflu / g]kfnsf]
nflu dl/;s“] . d ca cfkmgf] ;SsnL ?kdf kms{g ;lSbg . Tof] b]z
h;n] dnfO{ 5fqj[lTtdf 8fS6/ k9fO{ of]Uo agfof], To;}nfO{ 5f]8]/
efu]sf] kfksf] kmn ef]Ub}5' d . d]/f] ljGtL 5, ltdL hfpF .Æ
cgdf]nn] eGof] ækljq ltdL :jfledfgL g]kfnL xf} . of] dflg;x?
sf] dxf;fu/df g/f]p . lx8 ltd|f] cfjf;df hfp . d cfh ltdL;Fu}
vfgf vfG5', ltdL;Fu} a:5' . ToxL a;]/ s'/f u/f}Fnf . x'g t /flugL /
d]/L 5f]/L l;Dkn xf]6ndf PSn} 5g . t} klg ltdLNffO{ o:tf] xfntdf
5f]8]/ d hfg ;lSbg . lxF8 .Æ
æd]/f] sxfF 3/ x'g' < d]/f] cfjf; st} 5}g . g t d]/f] 8]/f g} 5 .
Pp6f bofn' cd]l/sgsf] df]6/ Uof/]hsf] 5]psf] l58Ldf a:5' d . d
ltdLnfO{ ToxfF n}hfg ;lSbg . d]/f] a]HhtL gu/ cgdf]n . d]/f] x}

90. l;ot lsg x]5f{} < d ltd|f] kfp x'G5' . dnfO{ oxL cj:yfdf 5f]8L
b]p . ltdL hfp .Æ kljqn] cgdf]nsf] kfp 5'g vf]Hb} ljlGt u¥of] .
cgdf]nn] kfp 5'g lbPg . p;n] cFufnf]df emg s:b} eGof] æs]
ltdL;Fu nufpg] sk8f 5 < 5 eg] d ltd|f] 8]/fsf] aflx/} a;'nf .
ltdL sk8f nufP/ cfp . sk8f g} 5}g eg] lx8 d lsgLlbG5',
k;ndf hfp . d ltdLnfO{ d]/f] xf]6ndf lnP/ hfG5' . ToxfF d]/L
kTgL / 5f]/L 5g . ToxL a;]/ s'/f u/f}Fnf .Æ
kljq cufl8 nfUof] . p;sf] kl5 cgdf]n lx8g yfNof] . ;8sdf
rxnkxn sd} lyof] . s]xL ;do ;8sdf lx8]/ pgLx? cf]e/x]8 la|
hdf r9]F . ToxfFaf6 blIf0f tkm{ lx8]/ P6nflG6s dxf;fu/sf] lsgf/df
k'u] . lsgf/} lsgf/ Ps lsnf]ld6/ lx8]kl5 Pp6f c;Ltnfsf]
lalN8ªsf] sDkfp08df k|j]z u/] . To; lalN8ªsf] uf8L kfls{ªsf]
klZrd tkm{ Pp6f ;fgf] sf]7fdf kljqsf] 8]/f lyof] . 8]/fdf ;fgf]
ljbo't r'Nxf], Pp6f k|mLh, s]xL efF8fs'8f, ;fgf] b/fh / Pshgf
d'l:snn] ;'Tg ldNg] knªu lyof], h;df la:t/f / Anfªs]6
k6ofP/ /flvPsf] lyof] . sf]7fdf uPkl5 kljqn] glhs} /
x]sf] ;fj{hlgs jfy?ddf uP/ g'xfof] . sk8f nufof] . cgdf]n
knªudf al;/xof] . kljqn] lrof tof/ u¥of] . b'j}n] lrof lkP .
kljqsf] cj:yf lgs} lrGtfhgs lyof] . of] b]v]/ cgdf]nn] eGof]
ækljq ltdL g]kfnsf bIf / pRr :t/sf hgzlSt xf} . xfd|f] b]zdf
dfq xf]Og, ;+;f/ e/L ltdL h:tf] of]Uo 8fS6/sf] lgs} vfFrf] 5 .
g]kfndf ltdLn] g} hf]8]sf] / k'Vof}{nL u/L lgs} ;DklTt 5 .
ltdLnfO{ of] sfd ug{] k|]/0ff s;/L cfof] < slxn] b]lv o:tf] sfo{df
nfUof} < ls ;'? b]lv g} oxL sfd ug{ yfn]sf lyof} <Æ
kljqn] cfFz' k'5b} eGof] æd s;/L atfpF cgdf]n < d rf}w
jif{ cl3 Pd=8L= ug{ cd]l/sf l5bf{ 7'n7'nf ;kgf b]v]sf] lyP .
Pd=l8= ug{] ;dodf dfl;s b'O{ xhf/ kfFr ;o 8n/ 5fqj[lTt kfpFy] .
Tof] k};faf6 arfP/ 3/lt/ klg k7fpg yfn]“. Pd=l8= u/]kl5 /fd|f]

91. ha ldn]sf] lyof] . dfl;s kGb| xhf/ 8n/ kfpFy] . dlxgfsf] bz xhf/
8n/ t g]kfndf k7fpFy] . Tof] sDkgLdf sl/a @ jif{ sfd u/] .
To;kl5 dfl;s !& xhf/ 8n/df csf{] 7fpFdf sfd ug{ yfn] .
ToxL ;dodf blIf0f sf]l/ofsL cd]l/sfdf k9g cfPsL g;{;Fu ljjfx
klg u/“] . km]/L b'O{ jif{df sDkgL kl/jt{g u/]“ . u|Lg sf8{sf nflu k|
lqmof cufl8 a9fpg] ;f]Rbf ;f]Rb} ePg . yfx} gkfO{ bz jif{ ljt]5 .
ptf l;ghLgsf] klg u|Lgsf8{ ePsf] lyPg . l;ghLgsf] le;fsf] Dofb
;lsPkl5 kL=Pr=8L= ug{ yfnL . d]/f] le;fsf] Dofb ;lsPkl5
sDkgLn] sfdaf6 lgsfnL lbof] . d gofF ljifodf k9gsf nflu
egf{ klg ePsf] lyOg . l;ghLgs} :6of6;df a;]/ km'6s/ sfd
ug{ yfn+] . l8kf6{d]G6n :6f]/df sfd ldNof] . ToxfF dfl;s !%)) 8n/
dfq kfpy] . o;af6 xfd|f] kl/jf/nfO{ vr{ wfGg d'l:sn eof] . kl5
5f]/f klg eof] . k'/fgf] arfPsf] k}:ff klg ;lsb} uof] . 3/df cfly{s
cefj ePkl5 ;}tfgn] af; u5{ eG5g . d]/f] / l;ghLgsf] lardf
To:t} eof] . k|To]s lbg snx x'g yfNof] . cGtdf xfdL ;DaGw
ljR5]b ug{] lg0f{odf k'Uof} . l;6L xnaf6 ;DaGw ljR5]b ul/ kms{bf
dnfO{ Ps dlxgf leq cd]l/sf 5f]8g] k'hL{ lbOPsf] lyof] . l;ghLg;Fu
klg s'g} cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t lyPg . lbgsf] rf/ 306f xf]6ndf sfd u/]/
dfl;s afx| ;o 8n/ sdfpyL . To;}n] 5f]/fnfO{ ;fydf /fVg dflgg .
5f]/f klg d ;Fu} g]kfn kms{g' kg{] eof] .
d}n] rf/ jif{sf] 5f]/fnfO{ ;fydf lnP/ xf]6ndf af; a;“] .
cfkm';Fu ePsf ;a} ;fdu|L a]Rbf aNntNn b'O{ xhf/ 8n/
h'6fpg ;s]“ . xf]6nsf] ljn ltbf{ g]kfnsf] nflu l6s6 lng] k};f klg
ar]g . 3/df kmf]g u/]/ k}:ff dfUg klg nfh nfUof] . s]xL lbg
Hofnfbf/Ldf sfd ug{] / l6s6sf] k};f h'6fpg] ;f]r]/ sfd vf]h“] .
dfl;s !&)) 8n/ eGbf a9L sdfpg ;Sg] sfd kfOg . Tolt k};fn]
t b'O{ afa'5f]/fnfO{ Ps dlxgf ;Dd vfg a:g klg gk'Ug] eof] . s]

92. k};f aRYof] / < cGtdf Ps /ft 5f]/fnfO{ l;ghLgsf] 8]/fsf] aflx/
9f]sfdf 5f]8]/ ToxfFaf6 efu]“ . l;glhgn] jfWotfa; 5f]/fnfO{ :ofxf/L
xf]nf eGg] s'/fdf 9'Ss x'g ;lsg . Ps lbg kmf]g u/]/ d
Soflnkmf]lg{of Pp6f ;fyLsf]df uPsf] 5' . Ps xKtf 5f]/fnfO{ /fv, d
kl5 cfP/ n}hfg] 5' eg]“ t/ d Go"of]s{lt/ xflgPF . Go"of]s{ cfO{ k'Ubf
d;Fu kfFr;o 8n/ dfq afFsL lyof] .
Go"of]s{ cfPkl5 klg w]/} 7fpFdf sfd vf]h] . st} klg /fd|f] sfd
kfpg ;lsg . cfh eGbf gf} dlxgf cl3 b]lv olx sfd ub{} a;]sf]
5' . b}lgs b'O{;o 8n/ hlt sdfp5' . dlxgfsf] 5 xhf/ ;Dd
sdfO{ x'G5 . To;df ;a} vr{, k]lG6ª vr{ s6fpbf klg cf}ift
sdfO{ k|lt dlxgf b'O{ xhf/ t art ug{] u5'{ . oxL /sd d rfF8} 5f]/
fsf] kfng kf]if0f / lzIffsf] nflu l;ghLgnfO{ k7fpg] ;f]r]sf] 5' .
5f]/fsf] lzIff /fd|f] eof] eg] ef]nL c7f/ jif{ k"Ubf cd]l/sL gful/s
aGof] eg] /fd|f] sfd kfpFg]5 . Tof] a]nf d]/f] klg u|Lgsf8{ x'g]5 . ca
d}n] t]x| jif{ bM'v ug'{ kg{] 5 . To;kl5 d]/f] klg Joj:yf x'g]5 .
oxL ;f]rfO{df of] sfo{df nfu]sf] x' . cfh ltdLn] dnfO{ lrGof} . of]
s'/f dnfO{ /fd|f] nfu]sf] 5}g . ltdL hfp cgdf]n . dnfO{ oxL s'lxg
b]p . d g]kfn kms{g klg ;lSbg . clxn] nfrf/ eP/ s] hfg' < d]/f]
hLjg g/sdf 8'a]klg 5f]/fsf] hLjg g/sdf 8'Ag lbg] 5}g . ltdL
hfpF . /flugL cflTtPsL xf]lng . l9nf gu/ .Æ
æxf]Og kljq, of] x'g ;Sb}g . ltdL sd{7 o'jf xf} . ltdL /fd|f]
dfG5] xf} . ltd|f] OdfGbfl/tf, d]xgtLkg, nugzLntf, w}o{tf k|;ªzf
ug{ nfos 5 . kl/l:ylt gsf/fTds eP/ dfq of] cj:yfdf k'u]sf
xf} . clxn] xfd|f] b]zdf klg sfd ug{]nfO{ /fd|f] sdfO{ x'G5 . g]kfndf
ltdL h:tf w]/} 8fS6/sf] vfFrf] 5 . d}n] klg sf7df8fF}df Pp6f 3/
agfpg] afx]s s]xL ;DklTt hf]8]sf] 5}g . clxn] Pp6f gl;{ªu xf]ddf
z]o/ xfn]sf] 5' . d ltdLnfO{ To;sf] k|d'v agfpg ;S5' . ;lsG5 eg]

93. l;ghLgnfO{ klg lnP/ hfpF . pgL klg g;{ /lx5g . To“xL sfd
ug{]5g . of] s'O/]sf] b]zsf] w]/} dfof gu/ . a? d d]/f] l6s6 Ps xKtf
kl5 ;f5'{ . ltd|f] 5f]/f / kTgL l;ghLgnfO{ klg g]kfndf lnP/ hfFp .
l;ghLgn] dflggg eg] d dgfpg] k|of; u5'{ . ltdL / d ldn]/ sfd
u¥of}+ eg] xfdL g]kfndf 7"nf] ;kmntf xft kfg{]5f}F . cl3 ltdLn] d]/f]
uf]8f 5'g vf]h]sf lyof} . clxn] d ltd|f] kfp 5'G5' . ltdL g]kfn kms{g}
kb{5 .Æ cgdf]nn] kljqsf] kfp 5'g vf]Hb} eGof] .
kljqn] uf]8f 5'g lbPg . p;n] cgdf]nnfO{ cFufnf] xfn]/ 8fFsf]
5f]8]/ ?g yfNof] . cgdf]n klg /f]of] . b'a} ldq s]xL ;do /f]O/x] .
s]xL ;dokl5 k'g cgdf]nn] g} eGof] ækljq, o;/L /f]P/ s]xL sfd 5}
g . ltdLn] g]kfndf w]/} ;DklTt hf]8]sf 5f} . 6fF8L ahf/df 7'nf] 3/
5. gf/fo0f 3f6df Pp6f 3/ / b'O{j6f 38]/L 5g . sf7df8f}df klg
ltd|f] j'jfn] b'O{÷ltgj6f 38]/L lng' ePsf] 5 . ltd|f] efO{ OlGhlgo/ 5
. l9nf gu/, lx8 hfpF . d ltd|f] af/]df s;}nfO{ eGg] 5}g . d]/L
kTgL /flugL clxn] lgs} lrGtfdf xf]lng . s]xL ;fdfg lng' 5 eg]
lnP/ hfpF . lx8 d]/f] sf]7fdf . ToxL uP/ yk of]hgfx? agfpFnf .Æ
kljq s]xL af]n]g . p;n] s]xL sfuhkq, sk8fx?, ;]leª d]l;g, P]gf,
6'ya|; cflb ;fdu|Lx? Jofudf /fVof] . 3/ dflnsnfO{ Ps dlxgfsf]
clu|d ef8f lbP/ sf]7fsf] ;fFrf] a'emfof] . b'j} hgf ;fyLx? d]6«f]df
r9]/ cgdf]nsf] xf]6nlt/ nfu] .
!)= z/0ffyL{
O/fssf] pTt/L zx/ l6lqm6 cfw'lgs tl/sfn] l8hfOg ul/Psf]
gd"gf zx/ xf] . of] aUbfbaf6 !$) lsnf] ld6/ pTt/ klZrd 6fOu|L;
gbLsf] klZrdL lsgf/fdf a;]sf] ;'ljwf ;DkGg ;fgf] zx/ xf] .
cnchf eGg] ;fgf] gu/ hxfF ;g !(#& df O/fssf tTsflng /

94. fi6«klt ;bbfd x';]gsf] hGd ePsf] lyof], Toxfaf6 l6lqm6 zx/ dfq !
# lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f 5 . ;bbfd x'];gsf] hGdynf]af6 glhs} kg{] ePkl5
o; zx/df pgsf] cfFvf gkg{] s'/} ePg . pgn] o; zx/nfO{ k'gM ;+/
rgf u/L gd"gf zx/sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{] of]hgf agfP . oxL of]hgf
cg';f/ zx/df ;8s, k'n, vfg]kfgL, 9n lgsf;, ljh'nL, ;~rf/
h:tf ;'ljwfx?sf] ljsf; x'g yfNof] () sf] bzsdf . zx/
sf ;Dk"0f{ k'/fgf ;+/rgfx? x6fO{ rf}8f ;8sx?, kfs{x?, ;ªu|xfno,
v]ns'b :6]l8od, z}lIfs ;+:yfx?, c:ktfnx?, gf6s 3/ tof/ ul/
of] . ;'bw vfg]kfgL, UofF;nfOg tyf ljbo'tsf]
Joj:yf, ;/;kmfO{ / :jR5 x/fe/f jftfj/0fn] ubf{ of] zx/df k'u]kl5
:ju{sf] cg'e"lt x'GYof] . ToxfF @% xhf/ JolStx?n] Ps}k6s k|fy{gf ug{
;Sg] dl:hbsf] lgdf{0f ul/of] . zx/sf] blIf0f k"j{ 6fOlu|; gbLsf]
lsgf/df ;bbfd x';]gn] cfkmg} lgjf; tof/ u/]sf lyP . of] zx/nfO{
7"nf 7"nf zx/x? af;/f, d;'n, lss'{s, aUbfb cflb;Fu ;8s, /]n /
xjfO dfu{bjf/f hf]l8of] .
dflg;sf] hLjg :t/ pRr x'g yfNof] . hldgsf] d"No
cfsflzof] . b]zsf ljleGg 7fpFaf6 dflg;x? o; zx/df cfp“g yfn]
. cfw'lgs xf]6]n, /]i6'/]G6, cfjf; Pl/of tyf ahf/x? lj:tf/ x'g yfn]
. hg;ªVof j[blw x'Fb} Ps nfvaf6 bz jif{df @ nfv ^) xhf/
k'Uof] . cfly{s lqmofsnfkx? a9g yfn] . /fi6«klt ;bbfd x';]gsf]
lgb{]zg / cNnfxtfnfsf] cflzjfb{n] of] zx/sf dflg;x? a]km';
{bL / ;'vL ag] . of] zx/ x]g{ O/fssf ljleGg efuaf6 / cGo b]zx?
af6 ko{6sx? cfpFg yfn]sf]n] ko{6g Joj;fo km:6fpg yfNof] . t]n
laqmLaf6 cfPsf] k};f ljsf; lgdf{0f / vfbofGg vl/bdf nufPsf]n]
hgtfnfO{ ;'ky d"Nodf vfbofGg, nTtf sk8f, d]l;g/L pknAw u/
fOPsf] lyof] . dflg;x? pbof]uwGbf, vfgL, ko{6g, v]tL, oftfoft
If]qdf nfu]/ dgUo] cfDbfgL uy{] . ;a} l6ls|6af;Lx? v';L / ;Gt'i6
lyP .

95. ;g @))# dfr{ dlxgfsf] clGtd ;Ktfx, lbpF;f] 3fdn] pu| ?k
lnO;s]sf] lyof] . 3fdn] ;8sx? tfltg] qmd ;'? eO;s]sf] lyof] .
dflg;x? lbpF;f]lt/ sd} dfq aflx/ lg:sGy] . ;8sdf klg ;jf/Lx?
lbpF;f]df sd} b]lvGy] . ljxfg / ;fFemkv eg] ;8sx? el/e/fp x'Gy] .
cfhef]nL cfsfzdf ;'k/ ;f]lgs ljdfgx? b]vf kg{ yfn]sf lyP .
ad / uf]nfsf] cfjfh ;'lgg yfn]sf] lyof] . ;'k/ ;f]lgs ljdfgsf]
cfjfh sfgdf kbf{ dflg;x? cfsfzlt/ x]y{] . To;a]nf ;Dd ljdfg
gb]lvg] eO;s]sf] x'GYof] . dflg;x?sf] d'vaf6 yl/yl/sf s'/
fx? ;'lgGy] . aUbfb ljb]zLn] sAhf ul/;s], O/fssf t]n vfgLx?
cd]l/sfn] sAhf ul/;sof], af;/f, d;'n h:tf 7"nf zx/x?df xhf/f}F
dflg;x? d/]sf 5g . ;bbfdnfO{ ljb]zL ;]gfn] 3]/f xfnL ;Sof] cflb
cflb .
l6lqm6 zx/sf] k"j{df Pp6f d'l:nd k/Dk/fdf lgdf{0f ePsf] ltg
tn] ejg lyof] . ToxL 3/df a:Yof] cSt/ x';]gsf] kl/jf/ . of] kl/jf/
df cSt/ x';]gsL kTgL kml/bf, 5f]/f] cNtfkm, 5f]/Lx? jflxbf /
gflhdf lyP . hDdf kfFr hgfsf] kl/jf/ ;'vL lyof] . vfgf nufpgsf
nflu s'g} sl7gfO{ lyPg . 5f]/fn] jUbfb ljZj ljbofnoaf6 ev{/
PdljP u/L kms{]sf] lyof] eg] b'a} 5f]/Lx? lss{'s zx/
df ;ªuLtdf :gfts ul/x]sf lyP . /dhfg kj{sf] cj;/df 5f]/Lx?
klg 3/d} cfPsf]n] v';LofnLsf] dfxf]n lyof] . ;a} zx/jf;Lx? /
dhfg kj{df /dfO/x]sf] cj:yfdf cfsfzdf o'bws ljdfgx?sf]
u8u8fx6 ;'lgg yfNof] . a]n'sfsf] gdfhkl5 cSt/n] eg] æcNtfkm,
clxn] xfd|f] b]z 7"nf] ;+s6df 5 . klZrdfx?n] xfd|f] b]zdf wfjf
af]n]sf 5g . xfd|f] blIf0fdf /x]sf] ;fdfl/s dxTTjsf] 7"nf] ;x/ af;/f
b'Zdgsf] sAhfdf uO ;Sof] /] Û ToxfFsf dxTTjk"0f{ snfs[ltx?,
P]ltxfl;s dxTTjsf j:t'x? / k'/ftflTTjs j:t'x? ;a} Wj:t
eO;s] /] Û kf}/fl0fs dxTTjsf o:tf j:t'x? Wj:t x''g' 7"nf] b'Mv nfUbf]
s'/f xf] . clxn] b'Zdgx? /fhwfgL aUbfblt/ a9L/x]sf 5g . xfd|f]

96. of] ;'Gb/ ;x/ klg rfF8} b'Zdgsf] xftd kg{] 5 . xfdLn] xfd|f] hGde"dL
5f]8g' kg{]5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf xfdLn] s] ug'{knf{ < s]xL ;Nnfx
ug'{ h?/L 5 . ca t}F eg, xfdL s] u/f}F <Æ
ækfkf, xfdL pTt/df 5f}F . aUbfb xf¥of] eg] xfd|f] s]xL nfUg] 5}
g . xfdL xfg{]5f}F . aUbfbn] lhTof] eg] xfdL lhTg] 5f} . b'Zdgsf] d'Vo
zlSt clxn] blIf0fdf 5 . aUbfbn] g} o;sf] km};nf ug{] 5 . xfdL s]
ug{ ;S5f} / <Æ cNtfkmn] cfsfz lt/ x]b{} eGof] .
jflxbf glhs} a;]/ k':ts k9L/x]sL lyO{ . afa'5f]/f s'/f
ug{ nfu]kl5 k':ts 6]j'ndf /fv]/ s'/f ;'Gg yfnL . cfkmgf] bfh'sf] s'/
f ;'g]/ p;n] egL æbfbf, oL klZrdfx?n] xfd|f] b]zdf lsg cfqmd0f
u/]sf 5g < xfdLn] pgLx?sf] s] lauf/ u/]sf 5f}“ / <Æ
cNtfkmn] alxgLlt/ x]¥of] / eGof] ætF o:tf s'/f a'emlbg; .
pgLx? cfhaf6 xf]Og, ljut kfFr ;o jif{ b]lv ;+;f/nfO{ n'6b}
cfPsf 5g . clxn] pgLx?n] xfd|f] /fi6«klt ;bbfd x';]gnfO{ /
f;folgs / h}ljs xltof/ /fv]sf] e'm6f] cf/f]k nufP/ xfd|f]
b ] z n f O { n ' 6 g c f P s f 5 g . o ' / f ] l k o g x ?
cfkm"nfO{ cfw'lgs, ;Eo, :jtGqtf, ;dfgtf / dfgjtfsf kIfkftL
eG5g t/ pgLx? slxn] klg ;Eo, cfw'lgs, ;dfgtf / dfgjtfsf
kIfkftL ePgg . k|hftGq pgLx?sf] b]vfpg] bfFt dfq xf] . pgLx?n]
k|hftGqsf] cf8df ;+;f/df cTofrf/ ub{} cfPsf 5g . pgLx?n] cd]l/
sLx?NffO{ n'6]/ ToxfFsf cflbjf;L /]8 OlG8ogx?nfO{ ;dfKt kf/] .
ToxfFsf] efiff, wd{, ;+:s[lt, ;Eotf / snfnfO{ Wj:t kf/] . Plzof /
clk|msfnfO{ n'6] . ca pgLx?n] n'6g afFsL /x]sf] c/asf] wtL{ d'lg /
x]sf] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ g} lyof] . ToxL xfd|f] wtL{ d'lg /x]sf] cd"No j:t'
n'6gs} nflu logLx?n] of]hgfjbw ?kdf em'6f] cf/f]k nufpFb} cfqmd0f
yfn]sf 5g . xfdL k|yd lgzfgfdf k/]sf 5f}F . xfdL kl5 cGo c/
ljog b]zx? klg o'/f]lkogx?sf] cfqmdgdf kg{] lglZrt 5 .Æ

97. æo:tf] cj:yfdf lsg c/ljogx? cfk;df gldn]sf xf]nfg <Æ
jflxbfn] k'gM k|Zg u/L .
æc/asf hgtfx? ;a} Pstfsf kIfkftL 5g t/
oxfFsf :jfyL{ zf;sx?n] pgLx?nfO{ Ps x'g lbPsf 5}gg . oxfFsf
zf;sx? lkmK6L lkmK6Lsf] l;bwfGtdf rn]sf 5g . cfwf cfkm' vfp,
cfwf dflnsx?nfO{ v'jfp . Ps b'O{hgf o:tf zf;sx? ;Ttfdf
k'U5g sL plgx? o'/f]lkogx?nfO{ cj1 ub{5g . o:tf JolStx?
o'bwsf] ;fdgf ub{5g . clxn] ePsf] ToxL xf] .Æ
æo;df t o'/f]lkog eGbf cd]l/sfs} g]t[Tj 5 xf]Og / <Æ
æxf], t/ xfn cd]l/sf eg]/ ;+o'St /fHo cd]l/sfnfO{ a'emg] ul/
Psf] 5 . Tof] b]zsf ;Ttfwf/Lx? ;a} o'/f]ksf cfk|jfl;x? x'g . To;}
sf/0f d}n] ltgLx?nfO{ o'/f]lkog eg]sf] x'F . jf:tljs cd]l/sL
cflbjf;Lx?nfO t oL o'/f]lkogx?n] klxn] g} dfl/lbPsf lyP . afFr]sf
yf]/} /]8 OlG8gx? clxn] klg clt si6 ;fWo ul/aLdf afFrL/x]sf
5g .Æ cNtfkmn] eGof] clg cln k/ cfdf glhs ;/]/ a:of] . kml/bfn]
5f]/fsf] skfn ;xnfOg .
cSt/n] cNtfkmlt/ kms{]/ eg] æcNtfkm, xfd|f] b]z ;+;f/sf k|
flrgtd ;Eotfx? dWo a]ljnf]lgog, ;'d]l/og tyf
d];f]kf]6fldog ;Eotfsf] s]Gb| xf] . xfdL;Fu k|flrg, k'/ftflTjs
dxTjsf] cd"No ;DklTt 5 . oL v}/]x? xfd|f] hldgd'lg /x]sf] vlgh
t]n / xfdL;Fu /x]sf k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf j:t'x? n'6]/ n}hfg
rfxG5g . oL j:t'x? arfpg' xfd|f] st{Jo xf] . To;}n] xhf/f}F O/fsLx?
ax'/fli6«o ;]gf;Fu n8gsf nflu hfFb}5g . d klg o'bwdf hfG5' . tF
3/ ;dfn]; .Æ
of] s'/f ;'g]/ kml/bfnfO{ lrGtf eof] . pgn] elgg æxh'/ of] s]
eGb} x'g'x'G5 < xh"/ ljgf xfdL s;/L afFRg ;S5f} . o:tf s'/f gugf{];
. dxfg cNnfxdf ljZjf; ugf{]; . cNnfxtfnfn] xfd|f] /Iff ug{] 5g .
xfdLnfO{ s]xL x'Fb}g . xfdL pTt/df 5f}F . xfdLn] s;}sf] s]xL ljuf/]sf

98. 5}gf}F . cNnfxn] xfd|f] enf] u?g . xfd|f]] 5f]/f ev{/ k9]/ cfPsf] 5 .
d]/f] bfh'sf] a}Fs ckm c/ljofdf 7"nf] nufgL 5 . ToxL a}+sdf p;sf]
hflu/sf nflu s'/f eO;s]sf] 5 . p;sf] nflu w]/} 7fpFaf6 ljjfxsf]
s'/f cfPsf] 5 . rfF8} lgsfx u/f}+nf . 5f]/Lx?sf] nflu klg /fd|f] 7fpFdf
ljjfx ug{] kSsf eO;s]sf] 5 . xfdL ;'vL 5f} . xh"/ w}o{ u/]/ a:gf];
. Pp6fn] ub{}df s]xL x'Fb}g . xfd|f] ;/sf/ 5, ;]gf 5 . cj:o klg ;/
sf/n] b'ZdgnfO{ eufpg] 5 . o:tf] 3/ 5f]8]/ n8g hfgnfO{ xh"/sf]
pd]/nfO{ ;'xfpFb}g .Æ pgn] cfkmgf] nf]Ug]sf] sfFwdf xft /flvg .
ækml/bf ltdL s'/f a'emlbgf} . xfdL ;a} O/fsLx? PseP/ n8]gf}
eg] ofFsLx?n] xfd|f] b]z dfq xf]Og, xfd|f] 3/ ;d]t jjf{b kfg{]5g .
xfd|f 5f]/L r]nLx?sf] OHht n'6g] 5g . To;}n] ltdL dnfO{ g/f]s . of]
l6lqm6 zx/af6 xfdL kfFr xhf/ ;'lGgx? ef]nL hfFb}5f}F . blIf0fdf
b'Zdgn] sAhf ul/;s]sf] 5 . aUbfbdf s]lx b]zb|f]lxx?n] ;bbfd
bfbfnfO{ wf]sf lbPsf 5g eGg] ;'lgPsf] 5 . lxhf] ;Dd pxfFsf]
glhs /x]sf JolStx? o; cfktsf] 3l8df pxfFsf] ;fy 5f]8]/ ;q'
kIfdf ldn]sf 5g /] Û o;j]nf pxfFnfO{ xfd|f] h?/t 5 . d}n] hfg} k5{
.Æ cSt/n] lgwf/sf] kl;gf k'5b} eg] .
kml/bf ?g yflng . pgn] ?b} elgg æd]/f] ;f}x/, d]/f] vlnkmf, d
s] ljlGt u? < d PSn} a:g ;lSbg . xfdLnfO{ s]xL x'Fb}g . k|f0f /x]kl5
ef]nL s]xL u/f}Fnf . ;bbfd g/x] klg b]z sFxL hfb}g . b]z /x]kl5
xfdLnfO{ cfkmgf] hLjg rnfpg s;}n] /f]Sg ;Sb}g . xfd|f] 3/ /fd|f] 5
. xfd|f 5f]/f 5f]/L /fd|f 5g . xh'/n] 3/ 5f]8]/ hfg] s'/f gugf{]; . hfg]
eP cNtfkmn] alxgLx?sf] x]/rfx u/f];, d klg ;Fu} hfG5' .Æ
o;} ;dodf sfg km'6g] u/L r6ofª k/] h:tf] cfjfh
cfof] . ;fob 6sL{sf] gfsfaf6 ax'/fli6«o ;]gfsf o'4s ljdfgx?n]
pTt/L zx/x? d;'n, l6lqm6 / lss'{sdf klg adjf/L ug{ ;'? u/]sf
lyP . o; dWosf rf/j6f ANofs 8«f]gx? O:tfda'naf6 l6lqm6
tkm{ p8]sf lyP . o; ;x/df PsfPs dxfe"sDk cfP h:t} k[YaL

99. xlNnof] . rf/}lt/ sf]nfxn dlRrof] . o; adaf/Ldf ;x/sf #)) 3/
x? k"0f{ ?kdf Wj:t eP eg] cGo ;Dk"0f{ ejgx?df cf+lzs Iflt x'g
k'Uof] . #))) dflg;x? dfl/Psf lyP, h;df dlxnf /
s]6fs]6Lsf] ;ªVof cfwf lyof] .
zflGtk"0f{ cdg rogdf afFrL/x]sf] l6lqm6 af;Lx?df PsfPs ?
jfaf;L / lrTsf/ ;'lgg yfNof] . 7"nf] ljklTt cfOnfUof] . cSt/sf] 3/
sf] cfwfefu elTsof] . kfFr} hgf a]xf]; eP/ n8] . s]xL ;dokl5
cSt/ / cNtfkm xf];df cfP . pgLx? ;s';n lyP, t/ kml/bf / b'a}
5f]/Lx? 3fOt] ePsf lyP . 3fOt]x?nfO{ xl:k6n k'¥ofpg s'g} ;fwg
lyPg . PDa'n]G;df kmf]g ubf{ kmf]g lahLsf lahL lyof] . ;8sx?df
3/x? eTs]sf] 9]/n] ubf{ af6f] cj?bw lyof] . s'g} ljsNk e]l6G5 sL
eg]/ otfptf bf}8fbf}8 ubf{ ;d]t s]xL ;Lk gnfu]kl5 afa'5f]/fn]
PsPs hgfnfO{ af]s]/ xl:k6n tkm{ bu'/] . xl:k6ndf 3fOt]x? Nofpg]
qmd rln/x]sf] lyof] . rf/}lt/ lrTsf/, cft{gfb, ?jfaf;L / sf]nfxn
lyof] . 8fS6/x? xtf/df lyP . xl:k6n 3fOt]x?n] el/e/fp x'Fb}
lyof] . cNtfkm xl:k6ndf cfdfnfO{ 5f]8]/ csL{ 3fOt]
alxgLnfO{ Nofpg 3/lt/ bu'¥of] . cSt/ s/fO/x]sf lyP . s;}n] ;'Gb}
gYof] . Ps 306fsf] lrRofx6 / bu'/fbu'/ kl5 aNn Pshgf 8fS6/
cfP/ e'Od} hfFRg yfn] . To;a]nf ;Dd kml/bf dl/;s]sL lyOg . kl5
yfxf eof] Tof] lbgsf] 36gfdf kfFr xhf/ dflg;x? 3fOt] ePsf lyP .
To; lbg kl5 k|To]s lbg 8«f]g cfqmd0f hf/L /xof] . pTt/L zx/
x?, l6lqm6, d;'n, lss'{s cflbdf klg eoªs/ adjf/L eO/xof] . b'O
xKtf ;Ddsf] nuftf/sf] adjf/L kl5 l6lqm6sf] &% k|ltzt efu Wj:t
eO;s]sf] lyof] eg] b'O nfv krf; xhf/ hg;ªVof dWo cfwf
dflg;x? dfl/Psf jf 3fOt] ePsf lyP . pTt/df 6sL{n] ax'/
fli6«o ;]gfsf] nflu xjfO{ / hldgL xdnfsf] nflu af6f] lbPsf]
lyof] .ca O/fssf] rf/}lt/ l;l/of / O/fg afx]s ax'/fli6«o ;]gfn] 3]/f
xfNof] . xjfO{ cfqmd0faf6 O/fssf] xjfO{ c88f, xltof/ sf/vfgf, ;}

100. lgs c88f Wj:t agfPkl5 hldgaf6 klg xdnf ;'?eof] . O/
fsL ;]gfsf] cfGtl/s ?kdf km'6 ePkl5 cfwL ;]gf lg:s[o
eof] . ;bbfd x';]gk|lt akmfbf/ ;]gfn] cfwf k]6 vfP/ klg
clGtd ;f; ;Dd axfb'/L;fy n8of] . c67fO; b]zsf] ;o'St kmf}h;Fu
O/fsLx?sf] s]xL nfu]g . pTt/ / blIf0flt/af6 ax'/fli6«o ;]gfn]
aUbfbnfO{ 3]/f xfNg] qmddf ;g @))# ck|Ln !# df l6lqm6 klg
sAhf u¥of] . To;sf] Ps xKtf leqdf ;Dk"0f{ b]z ljb]zLx?n] sAhfdf
lnP . O/fsL /fi6«klt ;bbfd x';]g efu] .
o'bw ;dfKt eO;s]sf] lyof] . klZrdf b]zx?n] gofF
s7k'tnL ;/sf/ u7g u/]/ O/fsdf zf;g ug{ yfn] . O/fsL t]n
sDkgLx?af6 O/fsLx?nfO{ x6fOof] . tL t]n sDkgLx? cd]l/sL, la|
6fgL, k|m]Gr / hfkfgLx?n] kfP . O/fsLx? cfkmg} b]zdf b]zb|f]xL,
xTof/f 7x/fOP . pgLx? cfkmg} e"lddf ;/0ffyL{ ag], u'nfd ag], ck/
fwL ag] . ;bbfdsf lk77' eGb} wdfwd sfdaf6 lgsfNg
yflnof] . ;Ddfghgs kbx?df ljb]zL bnfnx? el/P eg] lgDg :t/
sf b/afg, s'NnL, Ko'7, :jLk/, vnf;L cflb sfdx? O/fsLx?n] kfP .
w]/} O/fsLx?n] Hofg u'dfPkl5 afFsL /x]sf O/fsLx? klg 3/af/
ljlxg eP/ ;8sdf k'u] . /f]u, ef]s, s'i7f, cfTdunfgLn] ubf{ c?
nfvf}F O/fsLx?sf] Hofg uof] .
cSt/ x';]gsf] n8fO{df uP/ ;q'x?sf] lj?bw n8g] ;kgf k'/f
gx'Fb} n8fO{ ;lsPsf] lyof] . pgLx?n] of] lg0f{o lgs} l9nf] u/]sf lyP .
;Dk"0f{ O/fsL hgtfx?n] Ps dlxgf cl3 g} of] lg0f{o u/]sf] eP
n8fOn] csf{] ?klng ;SbYof] . cSt/n] kTgL u'dfPsf lyP . 5f]/Lx?
pkrf/ u/fP/ 3/ kmls{;s]sf lyP . cfwf 3/ eTs]sf] lyof] . afFsL /
x]sf] cfwf 3/nfO{ 6fn6'n kf/]/ a:g ldNg] agfP . To;}df rf/hgfsf]
kl/jf/n] u'h/f rnfpg yfNof] . cSt/ klg hflu/af6 lgsflnPsf lyP
. To;}n] hLjg ;~rfng lgs} sl7g x'g yfNof] . cNtfkmsf] nflu a}Fs
ckm c/ljofaf6 hflu/sf] k|:tfj cfPsf]df o'bwdf a}Fs g} Wj:t

101. ePsf]n] a}Fs aGb lyof] . ;x/df a]nfotL, cd]l/sL, hd{g, k|m]Gr cflb
yl/yl/sf dflg;x? b]lvg yfn]sf lyP . pRr kbx?df log}
JolStx? / logsf bnfnx? lyP . O/fsLx? log}sf efl/ af]Sg], 7]nf
rnfpg], vfgf ksfpg], uf8L rnfpg] cflb sfd ug{ afWo kfl/P .
cfkmgf] k]6 kfNg oL sfdx? ug{} kg{] x'GYof] . cSt/sf afa'5f]/f cfTd
a]r]/ o:tf] ckdfghgs sfd ug{ rfxFb}gy] . To;}n] pgLx?nfO{ :fFfem
ljxfgsf] 5fs 6fg{ ;d]t sl7g eO/x]sf] lyof] . clwsf+z O/fsL a}
Fsx? aGb eO;s]sf lyP . lbgf/sf] d"No 36]sf] lyof] . lbgf/sf] ;66f
8n/ rNg yfn]sf] lyof] . cSt/n] s]xL /sd a}Fsdf hDdf u/]sf lyP .
Tof] ;d]t lgsfNg ;s]sf lyPgg .
lgs} ;d:of ePkl5 Ps lbg cSt/n] eg] æcNtfkm hf t]/L
cfdfsf] cf}F7L a]r]/ cfOh . ca Ps b'O{ lbgdf 5fs 6fg{ ;d]t
d'l:sn xf]nf h:tf] 5 . sfd s]xL 5}g . ca of] b]zdf a;]/ afFlrPnf
h:tf] 5}g . t]/L cfdfnfO{ of] b"b{;f b]Vg' k/]g . d o;}df v';L 5' .
cNnfxn] pgnfO{ v';L /fv'g .Æ
ækfkf, xfdL ca cfkmg} b]zdf z/0ffyL{ eO ;Sof}+ . af;/f, aUbfb
nufot b]zsf ljleGg efudf /x]sf ax'd"no snfs[ltx? klZrdf
cfttfoLx?n] n'6L ;s] . O/fsL t]n ca xfd|f] /x]g . tfnfjfgLsf]
s7k'tnL ;/sf/ klZrdfx?sf] kfpFdf nDk;f/ k/]sf] 5 . ;Hhg / /
fi6«jfbL O/fsLx?nfO{ a:g sl7g eO/x]sf] 5 . oL cfttfoLx?n] s'g
lbg xfd|f] xf85fnf sf95g yfxf 5}g . To;}n] ca xfdL c? s'g}
b]zsf] z/0fdf hfg'knf{ h:tf] nfu]sf] 5 .Æ cNtfkmn] eGof] .
cSt/n] efG;fdf sfd ul/ /x]sL 5f]/LnfO{ k'sf/] æ5f]/L, P 5f]/
L .Æ
æxh'/ kfkf ÛÆ jflxbf leq}af6 af]nL .
æs] 5 < cfhsf nflu vfg]s'/f 5 <Æ
æ5 kfkf, cfhsf nflu ux'Fsf] /f]6L tyf dDdLn] /fVg'
ePsf] ;'s]sf] df;'sf] ;'k agfPsL 5' .Æ

102. æef]nL kl;{sf nflu s] 5 t <Æ
æca afh/fsf] lk7f] kfFr lsnf], rfdn b'O{ lsnf], dVvg /
tLn /x]sf] 5 . To;sf] ;fy} b'O{ ltg lsnf] ;'s]sf] df;' klg 5 . ;fob
b'O{ rf/ lbg u'h/f rN5 xf]nf .Æ
æl7s} 5, To;f] eP cfh} of] cf“}7L ga]rf}F . ca of] b]zdf xfd|f]
enf] x'g]jfnf 5}g . oxL a]r/ uf8L ef8f agfP/ l;l/oflt/ efUg' knf{
.Æ
jflxbf efG;faf6 aflx/ afa' / bfO{ a;]sf] 7fpFdf cfP/ :6'n
tfg]/ a;L / eGg yfnL ækfkf, oxfF xfd|f] cfkmg} v]t 5 . eTs]sf]
ePklg cfkmg} 3/ 5 . s]lx lbg si6 ePklg ;w}F o:tf] x'g]5}g . ca
n8fO{ ;lsPsf] 5 . b]zdf zflGt eof] eg] klxn] h:t} ;a}
sfd ;lhnf] x'g]5 . bfbfsf] lgsfxsf] nflu km]/L va/ cfPsf] 5 . s]6L
kIf /fd|f 5g . ca xfdL klg s]xL sfd u/f+}nf . csf{sf] b]zdf uP/
s] /fd|f] xf]nf / < To;}n] oxfFaf6 hfg' /fd|f] x'g]5}g .Æ
æxf] kfkf, dDdLn] xfdLnfO{ 5f]8]/ hfg' ePklg xh'/ xfd|f] ;fydf
x'g'x'G5 . bfbf xfd|f] ;fydf x'g'x'G5 . xfd|f bM'vsf lbgx? lat]/
hfg]5g . xfdL oxLF cfkmg} b]zdf cfkmg} ;x/df, cfkmg} 3/df a:5f}+ .
xfdL sxL hfFb}gf}+ .Æ gflhdfn] klg lbbLsf] s'/fdf ;xL yfkL .
cNtfkm s]xL af]n]g . cSt/n] eg] æl7s} 5 . ltdLx? To;f] eG5f}
eg] oxLF a;f}F . d ef]nL b]lv g} cfkmg} af/Ldf t/sf/L v]tL ;'? u5'{ .
t/sf/L lgs} dxªuf] klg 5 . ltdLx? 3/sf] sfd u/ . b]zdf zflGt
5fof] eg] xfdL c? sfd u/f}+nf . ltdLx? sn]h cfpFnf . cNtfkmn]
kfp/f]6L agfpg] sfd yfnf]; . a? kml/bfsf uxgfx? a]r]/ cfjZos
s'/fx? h'6fpg' knf{ .Æ
oxL s'/fdf rf/}hgfsf] ;Nnfx ldNof] . To;sf] csf{] lbg b]lv g}
cSt/n] afl/df sfd ug{ yfn] . cNtfkmn] kfp/f]6L pbof]u ;~rfng
u¥of] . jflxbf / gflhdfn] klg sfddf ;3fpg yfn] . oL b'j} k];f
o'bbf]Tt/ O/fssf] nflu lgs} ;'xfpFbf] ePsf]n] lgs} km:6fpg yfNof] .

103. Ps dlxgf leq} kfpF/f]6Ln] lgs} ahf/ lnof] . pbof]u gfkmfdf hfg
yfNof] . o;}af6 kl/jf/sf] vr{ rn]/ klg k};f art x'g yfNof] .
cSt/n] afl/df yl/yl/sf t/sf/L /f]k] . o;sf] pTkfbg cfpg
s]xL ;do nfUg] ePklg t/sf/L lgs} /fd|f] lyof] . ca lj:tf/} b'Mv
e'n] h:tf] eof] . hLjgsf] uf]/]6f] ;'ud x'g yfNof] . ca cfsf{]
dlxgf;Dd kl/l:ylt cg's'n ePdf alxgLx?nfO{ sn]h k7fpg ;lsg]
cg'dfg u¥of] cNtfkmn] .
o;/L g} b'O{ dlxgf ljTof] . km]/L cSt/sf] kl/jf/df v';Lsf
lbgx? kmls{P . af/Laf6 t/sf/L ljqmL x'g yfNof] . o'4n] Wj:t
ePsf] ;dodf t/sf/L lgs} dxªuf]df laSg yfNof] . afa' 5f]/fsf]
Joj;fo km:6fPkl5 gflhdf / jflxbf sn]h hfg] t/v/df nfu] . ptf
cNtfkmn] b'O{ hgf sfdbf/ /fVof] eg] af/Ldf sfd ug{ cSt/n] klg
Ps hgf HofdL /fv] . o'4sf 3fpx? ljl;{b} uP . csf{] dlxgf
cNtfkmsf] lgsfxf tf]lsof] . csf{]lbg ljxfg lss"{s /dfgf x'gsf nflu
;Dk"0f{ tof/L u/L jflxbf / gflhdf ;'t] .
cSt/ kl/jf/ d:t lgb|fdf lyof] . cs:dft Ps x'n ax'/
fli6«o ;]gfsf] hTyf l6lqm6 ;x/sf 3/3/df k;]/ dflg;x?NffO{ n5f/
k5f/, s'6lk6 ub{} kqmfp u/L o'jfx?nfO{ Eofgdf sf]Rg yfNof] . s]xL
l;kfxLx? cSt/sf] 3/df klg 9f]sf kmf]8]/ leq k;] . pgLx?n] s] eof]
egL ;f]Rg gkfpFb} æ;bbfdsf lk77', /flt ;/sf/sf] lj/f]w ub{} lx8g],
8fFsfx?, cd]l/sfnfO{ ufnL ug{], ;bbfdsf] hohosf/ ub{] lx8g]Æ
eg]/ ufnL ub{} ax'/fli6«o ;]gfsf] hTyfn] cSt/sf afa' 5f]/fnfO{ /
fOkmnsf] s'Gbfn] es'g{ yfn] . xfjfdf uf]nL ;d]t rnfP . b'j}nfO{ 8f]/
Ln] kftf s;]/ afFw] . clg d/gf;Gg x'g]ul/ s'6] . 3/df ?jfaf;L /
sf]nfxn dlRrof] . xfdLn] s]xL u/]sf 5}gf}F , xfdL lgbf{]if 5f}F eGbf klg
s;}n] ;'g]g . 3/3/df ;}lgs HofbtL dlRrPsf]n] ;xof]usf] nflu
sf]xL cfPg . ;a}sf] 3/df p:t} lrTsf/ / /f]bg lyof] . jflxbf /
gflhdf afa' / bfOsf] arfj6sf nflu pgLx?sf] z/L/df 3f]K6f] k/]/

104. arfp arfp eGb} ?g s/fpg yfn] . of] ;'g]/ ;}lgs 6f]nLsf] k|d'vn]
eGof] æoL /08Lx?nfO{ cNnfxsf] gfddf anL r9fp . logLx?sf] d'vdf
uGwf kfgL e/ .Æ
6f]nL k|d'vsf] cfb]z kl5 rf/ rf/hgf l;kfxLx?n] b'j} alxgLx?
nfO{ n5f/ k5f/ kfb{} n'ufkmf6f] Roft]/ gfªuf] kf/] . pgLx? cnfk
ljnfk ub{} ?g s/fpg yfn] t/ s]xL l;k nfu]g . ;]gfsf] hjfgx?n]
kfn}kfnf] of}g ltvf{ d]6fP . a]xf]; cj:yfdf b'j} jlxgLxnfO{ 5f]8]/
cSt/ / cNtfkmnfO{ 8f]/Ln] afFw]s} cj:yfdf ToxL 5f]l8 ;}lgsx? uP .
hfFbfhfFb} tfnfjfgLsf] lj?bw, ax'/fli6«o ;]gfsf lj?bw s]xL af]n]sf]
v08df Hofg dfg{] wDsL klg lbP .
ca cSt/ kl/jf/;Fu s]xL afFsL /x]g . ;j{Zj u'Dof] . rf/}
hgfsf] /f]bg, qmGbg, lrTsf/ / cft{gfb s;}n] ;'g]g, sf]xL dbbtsf]
nflu cfPg, sf]xL af]n]g . h;n] HofbtL u/]sf lyP, pg}n] ;'g]/
cfgGb lnP . cSt/ / cNtfkmsf] afFw]sf] 8f]/L vf]ln lbg] ToxfF sf]xL
lyPg . jflxbf / gflhdf cfkmg} kL8fdf vKg g;sL /StfDo cj:yfdf
e'OFdf nl8/x]sf lyP . dxfg cNnfx tfnfn] dflyaf6 of] kL8f b]v]sf
eP klg s'g} dbbt u/]gg . pgn] dfgj lqmofsnfkdf x:tIf]k
ug'{ x'Fb}g . dfq x]/]/ dgf]/~hg ug'{k5{ .
csf{] lbg ljxfg jflxbfn] ;a} ;fdu|L tof/ kf/]/ cSt/
nfO{ lap“emfpg uO{ . p;n] egL ækfkf, of] b]z ca xfd|f] /x]g . xfdL
xfd|f] b]z vf]Hg hfg'k5{ . cfh} hfg'k5{, p7gf]; .Æ
ljxfgsf] pHofnf] ga:b} rf/} k|f0fL 3/af6 lg:s]/ l;l/of
tkm{ lxF8] . k|To]sn] lk7o'df ;–;fgf u7/Lx? af]s]sf lyP . pgLx?
cfkmgf] b'Mv]sf] z/L/ l3;fb}{ lyP . krf;f}F jif{ b]lv a;]sf] 3/, t/sf/L
jf/L / kfpF/f]6L sf/vfgf TolxF /xof] .
!!= xl/tf/f

105. æs'n]sL cfdf .Æ
æxh"/ .Æ
æxfd|f] s'n]sf] ca :s'n hfg] ;do cfO;Sof] . hfgsL klg
b'O{ jif{sL eO;sL . xfdL emg emg ul/a x'Fb} uPsf 5f}F . kfFr
jif{ cl3 c+zjG8f ul/ 5'6l6Psf b'a} bfh'x? lbg k|ltlbg wgLx'Fb}
uPsf 5g . ca t k]6 kfNg ;d]t lbglbg} Hofnf dhb'/L ul/xg' k/
sf] 5 . ePsf] hUuf hldg klg ;a} a]r]/ vfO ;lsof] . s] u/L 5f]/
f5f]/L kfNg] < s;/L k9fpg] < dnfO{ s]xL pkfo cfpFb}g < s]xL
h'StL ;f]Rg' k¥of] s] . gq xfdL vfg} gkfO{ dg{] eof}F .Æ xl/n] xfO
sf9b} eGof] .
;fFemsf] vfgf vfP/ aflx/ cfFugdf a;]/ zLtn vfFb} lyP, xl/ /
p;sL :jf:gL tf/f . 5f]/f] s'njL/ kfFr jif{sf] lyof], hf] otfptf
rsrs ul//x]sf] lyof] eg] 5f]/L hfgsL cfdfsf] sfvdf kN6]/
cfsf;lt/ x]b}{ lyO{ . j}zfv dlxgfsf] ;do rf}/hxf/L h:tf]
udL{ 7fpFdf lah'nLsf] cefjdf sf]7f leq a:g sl7g lyof] . /ftLdf
w/}h;f] dflg;x? aflx/} ;'Tg] uy{] . cfsfz ;kmf lyof] . o; kfnL
lxpFbdf klg kfgL gk/]sf]n] lxpFb] v]tLkftL klg /fd|f] ePg . j}zfv
dWo];Dd kfgL k/]sf] lyPg . cfsfzdf st} afbnsf
l5sf{ldsf{ b]lvPsf lyPgg . To;}n] xl/sf] rf/ hgfsf] kl/jf/ klg /
ftLdf aflx/} v'nf cfsfzd'lg ;'Tg] ub{Yof] .
kfFr jif{ cl3 ljjfx ul/ NofPsL xl/sL :jf:gL tf/f 6f6fufpF
a:g]tsL 5f]/L lyO{ . p lgs} df]6L3f6L / vfOnfUbL lyO{ . kfFr jif{sf]
s'nlj/ / b'O jif{sL hfgsL klg cfdf h:t} df]6f3f6f lyP . ljjfx
ul/ NofPkl5 dfq tf/fsf] c;Eo hªunL :jefj / vGr'jf afgL ;a}
nfO{ yfxf eof] . xl/sf] 3/sf s;}NffO{ p;sf] afgL Joxf]/f dg k/]g .
p;sf] lrl6Ss k/]sf] uf]/f] cg'xf/n] ubf{ xl/ p k|lt cfslif{t ePsf]
lyof] . ljjfx ul/ NofPkl5 c? h:tf] ;'s} g/fd|f] afgL ePklg

106. nf]Ug]nfO{ eg] p;n] v'j dfof uyL{ . c?;Fu hlt emu8f u/]klg
nf]Ug];Fu n';'Ss kyL{ . To;}n] kl/jf/sf c? ;b:on] of] :jf:gL;Fu t]/
f] 3/hd x'g ;Sb}g . o;n] tnfO{ /;ftndf 8'afpF5], o;nfO{ a]n}df
5f]l8b] eg]/ w]/} ;DemfpFbf klg xl/n] tf/fsf] xft 5f]8g ;s]g .
cGtdf xl/sf afa' led;]gn] tLg} efO 5f]/fx?nfO{ c+zjG8f ul/ cnu
ul/lbP . kfFr jif{ cl3 c+zjG8f ul/ 5'6l6Psf b'j} bfh'x?n]
cfkmgf] ;DklTt c? a9fPsf lyP eg] xl/sf] eg] ;a} ;lsP/ 6f6
kN6]sf] lyof] . tf/f lgs} vGr'jf lyO{ . lbgdf rf/ kfFr k6s vfGyL .
hlt vfPklg p;nfO{ vfpvfp nflu/xGYof] . vfg]s'/f klg h:tf] eP
klg x'GYof]. ld7f] gld7f] eGg] lyPg . eft, /f]6L, bxL, b'w,
df;', ;fu;AhL, l98f], u'Gb|'s h] klg vfGyL . 5f]/f5f]/L klg cfdf h:t}
lyP . tf/f emg emg df]6fpFb} uPsL lyO{ . sfnf] skfn, ufhn] cfFvf,
kftnf cf]7, uf]/f] /ª, nfdf] gfs ePsL tf/f klxn] lrl6Ss k/]sL
k'tnL h:t} b]lvGyL t/ clxn] df]6fP/ 3}6f] h:t} x'g yfn]sL lyO{ .
sfd ug{ klg lgs} clN5 uyL{ . o:tf] ePklg s] 3/ ;k|GYof] / <
afnLgfnL /fd|f] x'g 5f]8of] . uf]8d]n gePkl5 cGg kmNg] s'/f ePg .
ePsf] u/uxgf a]r]/ vfP . x'Fbf x'Fbf afj'n] /f]Sbf /f]Sb} hUuf klg a]Rg
Eofof] xl/n] . ca clxn] Hofnf dhb'/L u/]/ vfgkLg h'6fpg] afWotf
cfO nfu]sf] lyof] .
xl/n] k9g ;s]g . aNn tNn lr6 rf]/]/ P;Pn;L ;Dd kf;
u/]klg cfO=P= k9g g;sL Tolts} 5f]8of] . tf/f klg cN5L :jefjn]
ubf{ k9g g;sL ltg kN6 P;Pn;L lbP/ kf; ug{ g;sL yfs]sL lyO{
. To;kl5 k9fO{sf] gfd} lng 5f8L . sfF;]sfF;] Ps}gf;] eg] h:t} xl/n]
dg k/fof] . xl/sf af s]6L dfUg cfP . ljjfx eOxfNof] . rfnrng
a'emg] df}s} ldn]g . ljjfx ePkl5 yfxf eof] sL p vfP/ slxNo}
gc3fpg] cfOdfO lyO{ . p;sf] d'v 5'/f h:t} lyof] . d'v dfq xf]Og,
p;sf] xft ;d]t rNbYof] . Ps jif{ leq} p;n] ;f;', ;;'/f, h]7fHo" /
h]7fgL;Fu afemfafem ul/;s]sL lyO{ . h]7fgLx?;Fu t sof} k6s

107. s':tL ;d]t v]n]sL lyO{ . ;f;'sf] ;d]t skfn n'5g EofPsL lyO{ .
ufpF3/ s;};Fu p;sf] /fd|f] ;DaGw /x]g . ;a} p;Fu 8/
fpy] / ;ts{ /xGy] . nf]Ug];Fu eg] p slxn} emu8f ulb{gyL, ld7f]
af]NyL / lgs} dfofn' Jojxf/ b]vfpyL . oxL s'/f crDd nfUbf] lyof] .
oxL sf/0fn] ubf{ xl/n] p;nfO{ TofUg ;s]sf] lyPg .
æs'n]sf af, dnfO{ o:tf s'/f s]xL yfxf 5}g . a? tkfO{s}
bfO{ efpHo";Fu uP/ ;f]w] yfxf x'GYof] sL < s]xL g s]xL pkfo t
cj:o atfpnfg .Æ tf/fn] egL .
æxf] t gL Û t}Fn] l7s} elg; . kfFr jif{ leq} pgLx? olt wgL
s;/L eP eGg] s'/f t pgLx?nfO{ g} yfxf xf]nf gL Û a? d ef]ln g}
uP/ 7'NbfO ;Fu ;Nnfx dfU5' . ca t xfdLn] klg s]xL ug}{ k5{ .Æ
xl/n] v';L x'Fb} eGof] .
p ef]lnkN6 ljxfg} p7]/ cfkmgf] h]7f] bfHo" ?kl;+xsf] 3/df k'Uof]
. ?kl;+xsf] 3/ k"j{lt/sf] le/fnf] kfvf]df lyof] . ltgtn] lrl6Ss k/]sf]
/ftf] / ;]tf] df6f]n] lnk]sf] 9'ªufsf] 5fgf] ePsf] 3/ lgs} ;fgbf/ lyof]
. 3/ k5fl8sf] uf]7df b'O{j6f e}F;Lx?, b'O{j6f uf]? / Pp6f ufO{ afFw]sf]
lyof] . p;sf] bfOnfO{ e]6]/ p;n] eGof] æbfHo", d cfh Pp6f ;Nnfx
dfUg cfPsf] 5' . /fd|f] ;Nnfx lbP/ dnfO{ of] ul/aLsf] k~hfaf6
arfpgf]; .Æ
æs] ;Nnfx dfUg cfO; <Æ ?kl;+x a/08fdf k/fnsf] u'Gb|Ldf
a;]/ r'/f]6 lkpFb} lyof] . r'/f]6sf] w'jfF uf]nf] kf/]/ p8fpFb}
p;n] ;f]Wof].
xl/n] bfO{af6 r'/f]6 lnP/ Ps ;sf]{ tfGb} eGof] æbfHo', cfh
eGbf kfFr jif{ cl3 c+z j08f ul/ 5'6l6bf ltg} efOn] a/fa/ ;DklTt
kfPsf lyof+} . clxn] tkfO{x? o:tf] /fd|f] aGbf]j:t u/L a:g' ePsf]
5 . d]/f] t ;a} ;DklTt klg ;lsof] . emg kl5 emg sªufn x'Fb}
uPsf] 5' . clxn] t k]6 kfNg ;d]t b}lgs Hofnf dhb"/L ug'{ k/]sf] 5
. dh'b"/L gu/]sf] lbg ef]s} a:g' kg]{ cj:yf cfO{ ;Sof] . . tkfO{x?n]

108. h:tf] k};f sdfpg] s]xL h'StL a'blw eP l;sfO{ lbg'x'GYof] sL
eg]/ ;Nnfx dfUg cfPsf] 5' .Æ
?kl;+xn] jfofF v66f dfly bfofF v'66fsf] pk/v'66L nufof] .
nfdf] h'Fufdf xft k]m¥of] / xl/lt/ rf]/ cf}nf] b]vfpFb} eGof] æx]/ sfG5f,
t]/f] aNn a'blw lkm/] h:tf] 5 . t}Fn] cfh;Dd s;}sf] ;'lgg;
. :jf:gLn] eg]sf] dfq ;'lg; . t}Fn} k9g klg ;lsg; . cN5L ul/; .
ca d h:tf] hflu/ vfg t g;Sg] eO; . d}n] eg]sf] dfG5; eg]
clnslt k};f h'6fP/ k;n u/]/ a; . v]tLkftL u5{; eg] t]/
L :jf:gLsf] hLpg} xlNnb}g, PSn} s] ;Snf; . k;ndf w]/} bf}8w'k klg
ug'{ kb{}g .Æ
æd;Fu Ps k};f 5}g . :jf:gLsf u/uxgf, hUuf, hldg ;a} a]r]/
vfO;s]F . ca k;n s] k};fn] u?F bfHo" <Æ
æk};fsf] lrGtf gu/ . sfd ug]{ dfG5]nfO{ ;a}n] ;xof]u u5{g .
b'O{ rf/ xhf/ d lbG5', To:t} dfOnf;Fu dfu . af;Fu klg clxn] k};f
5 . c:tL e}F;L a]Rg' ePsf] 5 . otf ptf u/L krf; ;f7L xhf/
h'6fP/ k;n u/ .Æ
xl/sL h]7L efpHo' leqaf6 s'/f ;'lg/x]sL lyO{ . k};f lbg] s'/
f ;'g]/ p;nfO{ l/; p7of] . p RofFl7b} cfP/ eGg yfnL æof] s'/f
x'g} ;Sb}g . logLx?nfO{ k};f lbg] < logsL :jf:gL s:tL 5 gsRr/L Û
Tof] k};f NofPsf] yfxf kfpg] xf] eg] b'O{ lbgdf vfO{ ;S5] .
p;nfO{ ef]nLsf] s] kL/ x'G5 / < s;}nfO{ ;xg] xf]Og . sFxL
P“]rf]k}“rf] ug]{ xf]Og . 3/df sf]xL cfof] eg] kfgL g} glbP/ ufnL u/]/
k7fp5] . sf]xL kfx'gf cfPsf] ;xg] xf]Og . cfFugaf6} nv]65] . Ps
kfyLsf] eft vfg] vGr'jf kfn]sf 5g :jf:gL . k};f lbP/ stfaf6
NofP/ lt5{g l/g <Æ
xl/n] p“wf]d'G6f] nfP/ 6fpsf] sGofpFb} eGof] æcfhef]nL t
To;sf] klg s]xL xf]; lkm/]sf] 5 . ca To:tf] gunL{, efph' . Ps

109. k6snfO{ ;xof]u ugf]{; . ca klg s]xL ug{ g;s] k]m/L eGg cfpg] 5}
g .Æ
æx'Fb}g, x'Fb}g . k}n] cfkmgL :jf:gLsf] afgL ;'wf/ . afgL ;'w|]sf]
yfxf kfPkl5 dfq xfdL ;xof]u u/f}Fnf .Æ efph'n] 7'N7'nf] :j/df egL
/ leq lt/ uO{ .
æx'g t xf] sfG5f, t]/L :jf:gLsf] afgL g;'w|];Dd ;xof]u
ug'{ klg a]sf/} 5 . ;a}sf] egfO{ ToxL 5 sL a'xf/Ln] nfh ;/d s]xL
gdfgL ;a}nfO{ ufnL ul5{g . ;a};Fu emu8f ul5{g . 3/df cfPsf
Oi6ldq / kfx'gfx?nfO{ a:g glbO{ wkfpl5g . To:tf]
afgL ;'wfg{ ;S5; eg] xfdL cj:o ;xof]u u/f}Fnf . clxn] hf / oxL
s'/f eg .Æ ?kl;+xn] eGof] .
xl/ cFWof/f] d'v nufpFb} p7of] / lg/f; eP/ 3/lt/ nfUof] . 3/
k'u]/ lgGGofp/f] d'v nufP/ lkF9Ldf YofRr a:of] . nf]Ug]sf] cFWof/f]
d'v b]v]/ tf/fn] ;f]wL ælsg s]xL gaf]nL a:g'eof] < s] eg] bfOx?n]
<Æ
xl/n] 6fpsf] p7fP/ :jf:gLlt/ x]¥of] / eGof] æbfh'n] ;xof]u
gug]{ eP .Æ
ælsg ;xof]u gug]{ /] < xfdLn] s] lj/fPsf 5f}F / <Æ tf/fn]
k'gM ;f]wL .
xl/n] lgwf/sf kl;gf k'5b} eGof] æxfdLn] s;}nfO{ ;xof]u ub}
{gf} /] Û 3/df cfPsf Oi6ldqx?, cfkmGtx? / kfx'gfx?nfO{ enfs';f/L
ub}{gf} /] Û kfgL g} glbO{ nv]65f}F /] Û ;a};Fu emu8f u5f}{F /], ufnL u5f}{F
/] Û c?nfO{ cK7]/f] kbf{ ;/;fk6, P]“rf]k}Frf] ub}{gf} /] Û To:tf] afgL
g;'wf/];Dd ;xof]u ub}{gf}+ eg] .Æ
tf/f cfkmgf] nf]Ug]sf] 5]pFd} cfP/ a;L . s]xL ;do b'j} r'krfk
a;] . Ps If0f kl5 tf/fn] egL æcfh;Dd h] eof] eof] . ca b]lv
xfdL klg kfx'gfx?nfO{ af]nfO{ af]nfO{ ld7f] dl;gf] v'jfpFnf . lsg

110. kL/ ug'{x'G5 < :jfut ;Tsf/ u/f}Fnf, enfs';f/L u/f}Fnf, /fd|f] Jojxf/
u/f}Fnf . of] d]/f] sa'n eof] . ca v';L x'gf]; .Æ
ækSsf xf] <Æ
ækSsf xf], hfFrL x]gf]{; g ÛÆ
æn t To;f] eP cfh}af6 ;'? u/f}F . d cfh ;fFem g} kfx'gf
af]nfP/ NofpF5' . tF /fd|f] Jojxf/ u/]; .Æ
æx'G5 t egL ;s“] . af]nfP/ Nofpgf]; .Æ
lbpF;f]df b'j}hgf ldn]/ 3/ ;kmf u/] . kfx'gf
cfPkl5 ;'TgnfO{ sf]7f, cf]9g], cf]5ofpg] ;a aGbf]a:t eof] . ;fFem
kv xl/ kfx'gf af]nfpg d"naf6f]sf] j/lkknsf] rf}tf/f]df uP/ a:of] .
p;n] rf}tf/f]df a;]/ af6f] lxF8g] dflg;x?nfO{ /f]s]/ eGYof] æs]
tkfO{x? d]/f] 3/df af; a:g hfg'x'G5 < d tkfO{Fx?nfO{ vfg
a:gsf] /fd|f] Joj:yf u5'{ .Æ
ækfun dfG5] .Æ eGb} a6'jf cufl8 a9y] .
w]/} dfG5]nfO{ p;n] kfx'gf alg lbg cg'/f]w u¥of] t/ pgLx?n]
emg pN6f] ;f]Fr]/ af; a:g dfg]gg . /ft kg}{ nfu]sf] ;dodf b'O{ hgf
dflg;x? cfP . pgLx?nfO{ b]v]/ xl/n] eGof] æP xh'/ Û /ft kl/;Sof] .
ca sxfF hfg'x'G5 < cfpgf]; d]/f] 3/df hfpF . d vfg a:gsf] k};f
klg lnGg . /fd|f] :ofxf/–;Tsf/ ug]{5' .Æ
pgLx?nfO{ af; rflxPsf] lyof] . To;}n] xl/;Fu hfg tof/ eP .
xl/ lgs} v';L x'Fb} kfx'gf lnP/ 3/df k'Uof] . sf]7fdf kfx'gfx?
nfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s a;fof] . To;kl5 tf/fnfO{ eGof] æP s'n]sL cfdf, d}
n] kfx'gf af]nfP/ NofPsf] 5' . pxfFx?sf] /fd|f] Vofn /fVg' . tF
cf]vndf wfg s'6]/ rfdn tof/ u/ . d ufpFlt/ uP/ Pp6f efn]
s'v'/f lsg]/ NofpF5' . kfx'gfx?nfO{ df;' eft v'jfP/ /fd|
f] :ofxf/ ;Tsf/ ug'{k5{ .Æ
æx'G5, d ;a} u5'{, tkfO{ rfF8} cfpg'xf]nf .Æ tf/fn] egL .

111. xl/ ufpFlt/ nfu]kl5 tf/fn] dgdg} ljrf/ u/L …cfh oL eft]x?
geP t dhf;Fu df;' eft vfg kfOg] lyof] . d}n] b'Mv ug]{, oL
glrg]sf et'jfx?n] df;'eft vfg] eP, cfk"m eg] x]/]sf] x]¥o} .Ú p;n]
tL kfx'gfx?nfO{ eufpg] h'StL ;f]Rg yfnL . df;'–eft vfg kfOg]
sNkgfdf 8'Ab} d'vdf kfgL cfpg yfNof] . p;n] Pp6f h'lSt lgsfnL .
p;n] b'a} kx'gfx?n] b]Vg] 7fp“df cf]vn /fv]/ d';n rnfpg
yfnL . agfj6L cfF;' lgsfn]/ ?Fb} d';n rnfpFb} ul//x]sL lyO{ . 5f]/
f5f]/L glhs} cfFugdf v]Nb} lyP . p /f]Psf] b]v]/ Pshgf kfx'gfn]
glhs} uP/ ;f]Wof] ælbbL Û xh'/ lsg /f]O/xg' ePsf] 5 < wfg s'6g
ufx|f] ePsf] 5 eg] xfdL ;xof]u u5f}F gL ÛÆ
p emg cfjfh lgsfn]/ ?Fb} eGg yfnL æxf]Og xh'/, wfg s'6g
ufx|f] eP/ xf]Og, d cs}{ kL/n] /f]O/x]sL 5' .Æ
kfx'gfn] k'gM ;f]Wof] æs] kL/n] /f]O /xg'ePsf] 5 < eGgf]; g Û
xfdL s]xL dbbt ug{ ;S5f}F sL <Æ
tf/fn] emg 8fFsf] 5f]8]/ ?Fb} egL ætkfO{x?nfO{ 9fF6]/ s] u?F <
tkfO{x? o:tf] slnnf] pd]/sf tGg]/Lx? x'g'x'G5 . d]/f] 3/sf a'9f lgs}
l/;fxf 5g . k|To]s lbg kfx'gf af]nfP/ NofpF5g . /ftL oxL d';nn]
xfg]/ df5{g . sf]xL sf]xL dfq afFr]/ hfG5g . sf]xL oxL d5{g . /
ftL /ftL dnfO{ klg d/]sf nf; af]s]/ gbLdf kmfNg hfg'k5{ . ToxL
kL/ k/]/ ;fFem k¥of] sL ?g dg nfU5 . cfh emg tkfO{x? h:tf
snsnfpbf tGg]/Lx? csfnd} dg'{x'g] eof] eGg] kL/n] /f]O/x]sL 5' .Æ
æxf] / < ToxL eP/ t xf]nf, af]nfO{ af]nfO{ NofPsf] . ;+sf t
klxn} nfu]sf] lyof], of] dflg;n] lsg s/ u/]/ hfpF hfpF eG5 eg]/ .Æ
otL eGb} p leq uP/ csf]{ ;fyLnfO{ of] s'/f ;'gfof] . of] ;'g]kl5 b'j}
kfx'gf xtf/ xtf/ cf–cfkmgf kf]sf kGt'/f af]s]/ h'Tff nufpFb} s'n]nd
7f]s] .

112. pgLx? uPsf] yf]/} ;do kl5 g} s'v'/f] lnP/ xl/ klg 3/df
cfOk'Uof] . kfx'gfx?nfO{ gb]v]kl5 p;n] tf/fnfO{ ;f]Wof] æv} kfx'gfx?
<Æ
æv} s] eg' < d}n] d';nn] wfg s'6b} lyPF . d';n lbgf]; v]nfpF5f}
F, eGy] . d}n] otL rfdn s'65', clg lbpFnf eg]sf] t l/;fP/ lx8Lxfn]
.Æ tf/fn] cFWof/f] cg'xf/ nufpFb} egL .
Tof] ;'g]/ xl/n] l/;fpFb} eGof] æToxL hfaf] d';n dfUbf klg
lbg ;lsg; < n] t d';n, d pgLx?nfO{ lbG5' / kmsf{P/ NofpF5' .Æ
p;n] :jf:gLsf] xftaf6 d';n vf]:of] / kfx'gf uPsf] lb;flt/
bu'¥of] . cln k/ uPkl5 p;n] b'j} kfx'gfx?nfO{ b]Vof] . b]Vg] ljlTts}
p;n] hf]8hf]8n] s/fpFb} eGof] ælngf]; xh'/ d';n, clg kms{gf]; .
gl/;fpgf]; , kv{gf]; .Æ
s/fPsf] cfjfh ;'g]/ b'j}n] k5fl8 kms]{/ x]/] . ldld{/] cFWof/f]df
xl/n] eg]sf] s'/f s]xL a'e]mgg t/ d';n xftdf af]s]/ bf}8]/ cfk}mlt/
cfPsf] b]v] . Tof] b]v]/ Pp6fn] eGof] æx]/ x} x]/ . To;sL :jf:gLn]
l7s} eg]sL /lx5 . d';n af]s]/ xfdLnfO{ dfg{ cfpFb}5 . n l56f] l56f]
bu'/ . cln l9nf] u/]sf] eP t b'i6n] ljtfpbf] /x]5 gL .Æ
æxf] t gL, efUon] afFlrof] .Æ csf]{n] eGof] .
b'j}hgf Hofg xTs]nfdf /fv]/ a]tf]8;Fu bu'/] . xl/n] w]/} a]/ bf}
8bf klg pgLx?nfO{ e]6fpg ;s]g . cGtdf s]xL gnfu]kl5 lg/f;
eP/ 3/ kmSof]{ .
;fFemdf df;'–eft vfP/ tf/f 8Dd c3fO{ / 8sfg{ yfnL . xl/ eg]
kfx'gfx? cfk'mnfO{ b]v]/ emg lsg a]tf]8;Fu efu]/ uPsf xf]nfg
eg]/ ;f]Rb} lyof] t/ s]xL pTt/ kfPsf] lyPg .
!@= xl/dfof

113. b]zsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] a; c88f xf] of] uf]ªua' a;kfs{,
h;nfO{ gofF a;kfs{ klg elgG5 . oxfFaf6 b}lgs xhf/f}F uf8Lx?
b]zsf ljleGg efudf hfgsf nflu /dfgf x'G5g . TolTts}uf8Lx?
lelqG5g klg . u/La / dWod ju{sf g]kfnLx?sf] nf]slk|o oftfoftsf]
;fwg ag]sf] 5 a;;]jf . slxn]sfxLF k};f sd ePsf ljb]zL ko{6sx?
/ g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts b[Zo x]b}{ hfg] OR5f ePsf JolStx? klg a;sf]
ofqf u5{g . wgf9o JolStx? a;sf] ofqf ub{}gg . pgLx? Kn]g
r95g jf cfkmg} lghL sf/df ofqf u5{g lsgsL g]kfnsf] a; ;]jf
l g s } c ; ' / l I f t 5 . ; 8 s b ' 3 { 6 g f d f g ] k f n n ]
ljZjsf ;Dk"0f{ b]znfO{ pl5g]sf] 5 . b}lgs h;f] ;8s b'3{6gf eP/
dflg;x? d/]sf] ;dfrf/ cfO/xG5 . g]kfnLsf] lgolt egf}F sL ;/sf/
sf] hgtf k|ltsf] nfk/afxL egf} o:tf] c;'/lIft ofqfsf nflu xfdL
afWo 5f} . ;fF3'/f] / vfN8f v'N8L ePsf] hh{/ ;8s x'g', clgoldt
tl/sfn] uf8L rnfpg', 6«flkms lgod pnª3g ug{', a;sf] 5tdf a;]/
tyf 9f]sfdf e'mlG8P/, sf]rfsf]r u/]/ ofqf ug'{, 8«fOe/n] dfbs kbfy{
;]jg u/L uf8L rnfpg', 3'DtL af6f] x'g', ;jf/L nfO;]G; lbg] tl/sf /
fd|f] gx'g' cflb sf/0fn] b3{6gf e}/x]sf 5g / oL s'/fdf ;'wf/ gx'g] xf]
eg] o:tf b'3{6gfx? klg eO/xg] 5g . t}klg of] a;kfs{df b}lgs
dflg;x?sf] 7"nf] le8 hDdf x'G5 . g]kfnsf k|To]s lhNnfsf s'gf
sGb/fsf dflg;x? e]6g ;lsG5 oxfF . cf–cfkmgf] uGtJosf]
lj1fkg / k|rf/k|;f/n] sf]nfxnsf] ?k lnPsf] x'G5 . kf]v/f====kf]v/
f=====, emfkf=====emfkf=====, sfFs8leTtf, dx]Gb|gu/, ;'v{]t, afUn'ª g]kfn
uGh, w/fg=====w/fg========, wgs'6f eGb} vnf;Lx? lrRofO/x]sf x'G5g
. o:t} eL8ef8df d}n] Pshf]l8 bDkltnfO{ /Tgkfs{af6 a;kfs{df
lnP/ cfPF . pgLx?sf] ;dfg, kf]sf, kGt/f 6oflS;af6 ptf/]/, ;jf/
Laf6 ef8f a'em]/ 6oflS;df a:g} nfu]sf] lyP“, Pp6f cfjfhn]

114. dnfO{ cfslif{t u¥of] . Pp6L dlxnfn] dnfO{ ;f]Wb} lyOg æafa',
afg]Zj/ stf k5{ <Æ
pgL cGbfhL k}tfln; krf; jif{sL h:tL b]lvlGyg t/ skfn
km'n]sf] lyPg . rfp/L k/]sf ufnf, sn]6L k/]sf cf]7, leq u8]sf
cfFvf / cg'xf/df cfPsf] sfnf] kf]tf]n] ubf{ pgsf] a'9of}nLsf] nIf0f
b]vfO /x]sf] lyof] . pgn] w]/}lbg b]lv skfn sf]/]sL lyOgg xf]nf .
ebbf tl/sfn] ;]k;fk kf/]/ k5fl8 nu]/ k'/fgf] sk8fsf] km'sf{n]
afFw]sL lyOg . cfsf;L /ªsf] d}nf] Anfph / ;:tf] vfnsf]
OlG8og ;'tLsf] wf]tL nufPsL lyOg . v'66fdf Knfli6ssf /ftf
hflnbf/ rKkn lyP eg] xftdf k'/fgf] lk7o'df af]Sg ldNg] h]G6;
Aofu lyof] . o:tf] nfUYof] sL pgL lgs} u/La, c;Eo tyf kl/ToSt u|
fld0f dlxnf x'g . t} klg d}n] eg]“ æ6ofS;Ldf hfg'x'G5 < d k'¥ofO
lbG5' afg]Zj/ .Æ
æn afa' k'¥ofO{ lbgf]; g wd{ nfUnf .Æ pgn] ljlGt u/] em}F ul/g
.
ærf/ ;o nfU5 gL, lbg'x'G5 < d tkfO{sf] a:g] 7fpFd} 5f]l8 lbG5'
.Æ d}n] eg]“ .
æd ;Fu ltg ;o dfq 5, nlu lbgf]; g afa' , d cfktd} 5' .Æ
pgn] k'gM cg'/f]w ul/g .
d]/f] 8]/f klg k'/fgf] jfg]Zj/df lyof] . o;} pt} hfg'5, To;} pt}
hfg'5 . ofq' klg nUg], 8]/f klg hfg] ubf{ gf]S;fg gePsf]n]
ltg ;od} uf8L r9fpg] dg agfP“ . ljxfg rf/ ah] b]]lv slt uf8L
rnfpg' < ;fx'nfO{ uf8L a'emfP/ xf]6]ndf vfgf vfpGh]n t cf7
klgahL ;S5 . ;fFemsf] kfFr ah]sf] lyof] . cFWof/f] ePsf] lyPg .
To;}n] 8]/flt/ hfg] ljrf/ u/]/ eg]“ æx'G5, ufl8df a:gf]; t/ d c?
;jf/L ldNof] eg] xfN5' x}, kl5 gs/fpg' xf]nf .Æ

115. æx'G5, afa' x'G5 .Æ eGb} pgL k5fl8sf] l;6df al;g . d}n]
k5fl8 kms{]/ pgL a;]lt/sf] 9f]sf 9ofSs nufP“ . a;kfs{sf] u]6df
cfpFbf gcfpFb} sf]xL /Tgkfs{, sf]xL l;+xb/af/, sf]xL gofF jfg]Zj/
hfg] ;jf/Lx? e]l6P . d}n] eg] æc06L tkfO{ cufl8 cfp“gf]; .Æ
pgL cfkmgf] Aofu ;dft]/ aflx/ lgl:sOg . d}n] 6oflS;sf]
cfufl8sf] 9f]sf vf]n]kl5 d]/f] afofFlt/sf] l;6df al;g . d}n] plglt/
sf] 9f]sf nufP“ . k5fl8 ev{/ e]l6Psf ofqLx?nfO{ b'O{ b'O{ ;osf b/
n] a;fPF . 6ofS;L afnfh' afOkf; x'Fb} c:sn SofDk;, n}grf}/, s]z/
dxn x'Fb} hdnaf6 lqrGb| sn]h ;Dd k'Ubfcln cln cFWof/f] a:g
yfNof] . eb|sfnL, l;+xb/af/, dfOtL3/ x'Fb} gofF afg]Zj/ rf]sdf k'Ubf
c? ;a} ofqLx? cf]nL{;s]sf lyP . /fd|} cFWof/f] eO;s]sf] lyof] . d}
n] ;f]w]“ æcG6L tkfO{ sxfF emg{] xf] <Æ
ædnfO{ t yfxf 5}g afa', afg]Zj/ eGy]F, sxf“lg/ xf] <Æ pgn]
elgg .
æs] u/f}F t, gofF afg]Zj/ rf]s oxLF xf], oxL emg'{x'G5 <Æ
æn afa' of] gDa/df k'¥ofOlbgf]; . of] d]/f] dfdfsf] kmf]g gDa/
xf] .Æ
æof] gDa/sf] df]jfOn ePsf] dfG5] sxfF 5g sxfF, s;/L yfxf
x'G5 < kmf]g u/]/ af]nfPkl5 cfOxfNg' x'G5 gL tkfOFsf] dfdf .Æ
æd;Fu df]jfOn 5}g . tkfO{;Fu 5 eg] kmf]g ul/lbgf]; g afa' .Æ
æv} gDa/ lbgf]; . dfdfsf] gfd s] xf] <Æ
æjL/ k|;fb vgfn .Æ
æclg tkfO{sf] gfd <Æ
æxl/dfof kf}8]n .Æ
d}n] kmf]g nufPF . sDKo'6/sf] cfjfh cfof] æof] gDa/ /lhi6/
ul/Psf] 5}g . s[kof r]s ug'{xf]nf, wGojfb .Æ

116. b'O{ ltg k6s kmf]g nufpbf klg ToxL cfjfh cfPkl5 d}n] eg“]
æcG6L tkfO{nfO{ s;n] unt gDa/ lbP5 . kmf]g nfu]g . c? s;}sf]
gDa/ 5}g<Æ
pgn] elgg æ5 lg lrtjgdf d]/f] efOsf] gDa/ 5 . o;}df kmf]g
u/]/ dfdfsf] gDa/ ;f]lw lbg'xf]; g .Æ
pgn] lbOPsf] gDa/ 8fOn ubf{ km]/L sDKo'6/sf] cfjfh cfof]
ætkfOn] ;Dks{ ug{ vf]Hg' ePsf] df]jfOnsf] :jLr ckm ul/Psf] 5 .
s[kof k'gM k|of; ug'{xf]nf, wGojfb .Æ
æc/] cG6L of] df]jfOnsf] klg :jLr ckm ul/Psf] 5 . l9nf
eO;Sof], cf]ln{g'xf]; sxfF cf]n{g] xf] <Æ d}n] eg]“ .
æafa', d;Fu c? gDa/ 5}g . tkfO{NffO{ hxf“ OR5f nfU5, ToxL
ptfl/lbg'xf]; . d;Fu oxL ltg ;o ?k}ofF 5, lng'xf]; . ;8sdf /ft
sf65' . ef]nL pHofnf] ePkl5 dfdfsf] 3/ vf]Hg'knf{ .Æ
pgn] ;o ;osf ltgj6f gf]6x? dlt/ a9fOg .
d}n] pgL;Fu k};f lnOg . d}n] eg] æclxn] /fVg'xf];, em/]kl5
lbg'xf]nf .Æ
/ft kl/;s]sf] lyof] . d}n] ;f]r] …lar/f cfOdfO dfG5], ;8sdf
sxfF 5f]l8lbg' < cfkmgf] cfdf s:tf], c? cfOdfO{ s:tf] < d]/L
cfdfnfO{ o:t} cfkt k/]sf] eP s:tf] x'GYof] xf]nf <Ú d wd{;+s6df
k/“] . of] cfOdfOnfO{ 6oS;Ldf r9fP/ 7"nf] e"n u/]h:tf] nfUof] .
cfkmgf] sf]7f klg 7"nf] eP t xf] . cf7 km'6sf] ;fgf] sf]7f sxfF nUg' <
t} klg cfkmgL cfdf cfPsf] eP t ToxL sf]7fdf lng'kYof{] . To;}n]
cfkm' ;fyLsf]df ;'Tg hfg] dg agfP/ uf8L cfkmg} 8]/flt/ a9fPF . 8]/
fsf] aflx/sf] uNnLdf uf8L /f]s]/ pgnfO{ eg]“ æpqgf]; cG6L
tkfO{nfO{ oxL 5f]l8lbG5' .Æ
æo:tf] cFWof/f] uNnLdf s] u? afa' < cln pHofnf] 7fpFlt/
5f]l8lbPsf] eP x'GYof] .Æ aflx/ lg:sb} pgn] elgg .

117. d klg aflx/ lg:s]/ ufl8sf] 9f]sf aGb ub{} eg]“ æcfp“g'xf];
d]/f] kl5kl5 .Æ
cf1fsf/L afns em}F pgL d]/f] kl5 nflug, cfkmgf] yf]qf]
emf]nf ;dft]/ . e'OFtnfsf] ;fgf] sf]7f, 9f]sf vf]n]/ leq k:of}+ .
sf]7fdf Pp6f ;fgf] Pshgf dfq ;'Tg ldNg] vf6 lyof] . To;df
a]/]/ /fv]sf] d}nf] lj:t/f l;/fgLlt/ lyof] . b'O{j6f ;6{x?, ltgj6f
kfOG6x? / Pp6f Hofs]6leTtfdf 7f]lsPsf] lsnfdf nx/} e'lG8Psf
lyP . s'gfdf Pshf]/ rKkn / Pshf]/ h'Ttf lyP eg] e'O{df af]/f
lj5ofOPsf] lyof] . csf{] s'gfdf vfgf ksfpg] UofF; / UofF; r'Nxf],
s]xL efF8fs'F8f / vfglkgsf] ;fdfg lyof] eg] knªd'lg k'/fgf
klqsfx?, b'O{rf/j6f k':tsx? / vqofªv'q'ª 5l/Psf b]lvGy]F . sf]7f
w'Fjfn] sfnf] ePsf], dfs'/fsf] hfnf] nfu]sf], e'OFdf kfgL kf]lvP/
cf]5ofPsf] af]/f s'xL ;s]sf]n] sf]7f 8'ªu uGxfpYof] . sk8fx? ;a} d}
nf ePsf lyP . d}n] eg“] æcG6L, d]/f] sf]7f oxL xf] . xfdL u/La
g]kfnLsf] bzf o:t} xf] . tkfO{nfO{ PSn} ;8sdf 5f]8g dgn] dfg]g,
bof nfUof] . cfkmgL cfdfsf] ;Demgf eof] . tkfO{ oxL a:g'xf]; .
d ;fx'sf]df uf8L a'emfP/ pt} /]:6'/fdf vfgf vfG5' / ;fyLsf]df hfG5'
;'Tg . ef]nL ljxfg d cfPkl5 dfdfsf] 3/ vf]Hg hfg'xf]nf . 9f]sf
nufP/ cf/fdn] ;'Tg'xf]nf .Æ
sf]7fsf] rf/}lt/ cfFvf 8'nfP/ pgn] elgg æafa' tkfO{Fsf] sf]7f t
s:tf] kmf]x/ /x]5 . 8'ªu uGxfO/x]sf] 5 . o:tf]df a:bf lj/fdL kl/
G5 . d cln cln ;kmf ul/lbG5' . cF, ;'Ggf]; t, d}n] ljxfg b]lv s]xL
vfPsL 5}g . tkfO{F;Fu vfgf ksfp“g] aGbf]j:t 5 <Æ
ærfdn, bfn, cfn', g'g, a];f/ / v';f{gL dfq 5, cG6L . c? s]xL
5}g . UofF;,UofF; r'nf] / ef8fFs'8f eg] 5g . vfgf ksfpg emofp
nfU5 . d t w]/} h;f] aflx/} vfG5' . rfdn klg w]/} klxn]sf] xf], lau|

118. L ;Sof] sL < cG6L, d rfprfp NofOlbG5', ToxL vfP/ ;'Tg'xf]; . s]
ksfpg] emGem6 ug'{x'G5 <Æ d}n] eg]“ .
æx'Fb}g afa', cfh tkfO{ klg oxL vfg'k5{ . d eft, bfn ksfpF5',
tkfO{ 6ofS;L a'emfP/ rfF8} 8]/fdf cfpg'xf]nf . Toltv]/ ;Dd d of]
sf]7f ldnfO{ lbG5' . n of] tkfO{sf] ef8f ltg ;o dWo b'O ;do
lngf];, Ps ;o d} /fV5', ;fk6 eof] . s'g} lbg lbpFnf . of] b'O{ ;o ?
k}ofFsf] wlgofF, n;'g, Kofh / c? s'g} xl/of] t/sf/L Nofpg'xf]nf .
bfn / rfdn 5“b}5 eGg'x'G5, eOxfN5 . u/La g]kfnLn] /fd|f] rfdn
sxfF kfpF5g / < s'x]sf] ePklg ksfpFbf dnf{ gL ls6fg' .Æ pgn]
elgg . æc afa', kfgL stf xf]nf < 6jfOn]6 klg b]vfOlbg'xf]; g, x}
afa' .Æ
d}n] eg] æcfpg'xf]; aflx/ . oL oxfF wf/f] 5 . of] 3/sf]
k5fl8 ;f}rfno 5 . ;fFrf] lngf]; .Æ
pgn] ;f}rfnosf] ;fFrf] lnb} elgg æn afa', ca tkfO{ hfg'xf]; .
pt} ga:g'xf]nf x}, d b'O{ hgfs} nflu vfg ksfp5' .Æ
d}n] uf8L lnP/ ;fx'sf] 3/df a'emfPF . ef8f klg a'emfPF . ;fx'sf]
3/sf] u]6 aflx/ cfP/ 8]/fdf hfpF sL ghfpF egL cndn ul//x]F .
dgdgdf ;f]r]“, …cG6L t/sf/L Nofpg] cfzfdf eft / bfn ksfP/
a;L/x]sL xf]lng . k};f klg pg}sf] xf] . d]/f] egf}F eg] d]/} xf] . 6ofS;L
ef8f ltg ;o dWo] s} g xf] . t/ c? rf/ hgfn] lt/]sf] af6}
dnfO{ ef8f eGbf a9L cfO;s]sf] lyof] . 3f6f t k/]sf] lyPg . Tof]
lx;fjn] of] k};f pg}sf] xf] . lar/f ljxfg b]lvsL ef]sL, kv{]/ al:ng,
hfg} k¥of] .Ú
t/sf/L k;ndf uP/ wlgofF, n;'g, Kofh u/L ;o ?k}ofFsf] /
6df6/, d'nf tyf sfpnL u/L ;o ?k}ofFsf] lsg]/ ;':t ;':t lx8b}
sf]7fdf k'u]F . Ps 306f eGbf t a9L g} ;do nfUof] xf]nf .

119. sf]7fdf k:bf t rdTsf/ kf] b]v]F . cl3;Ddsf] cFWof/f] sf]7f
clxn] Ps}If0fdf pHofnf] eP5 . knª s] egf}F, vf6 s'gflt/ ;/]sf],
dfs'/fsf hfnf ;a} ;kmfr6, lbjfndf nfu]sf sfnf bfux? ;a} ;kmf
ePsf, e'OF k'5]/, efF8fx? dfem]/ l6lnSs k/]sf, lj:t/f lrl6Ss
ldn]sf] . sf]7f t zfgbf/ b]lvg yfn]5 . h'Ttf rKkn 9f]sfsf] s'gfdf,
efG;f emofnsf] 5]pdf, Uof; hf/ / r'Nnf] ;d]t 6Nsg] eP5 . dnfO{
b]v]/ pgn] elgg æafa' gcfpFb} ;a} l7s kf5{' eg]sL lyP“, ;lsg .
ef]sf] k]6n] hfFu/} nfu]g . d}n] tkfO{sf e'Odf lj5ofPsf s'x]sf af]/
fx? kmflnlbP“ . knªd'lg ltgj6f af]/fx? /x]5g . clxn] sfd rnfp,
ToxL cf]5ofO lbPsL 5' . ef]nL 7'nf] vfn] l;of] Nofpg'xf]nf , af]/f
vf]n]/, l;nfP/ /fd|f] sfk{]6 agfO lbg]5' . d tkfO{sf d}nf sk8fx?
klg ef]nL ;kmf ul/lbpFnf . d]/f] sk8f klg sxfF ;kmf 5g / < Ps
dlxgf eof] g'xfPsL, n'uf wf]PsL 5}g . ef]nL ;a} u5{' . cF x]gf]{; t
tkfO{sf] rfdndf t slgsf / e'; dfq /x]5 . s;/L vfg' eof]
xf]nf eft < lgkmGbf olt e'; / slgsf lg:Sof] .Æ pgn] Kn]6df /x]sf]
e'; / slgsf b]vfOg .
ænf]Ug]dfG5]sf] efG;f t eof] cG6L, e'; g ;'; ksfof] vfof] .Æ d}
n] cfZro{ rlst x'Fb} eg] æcG6L, tkfO{ t sDKo'6/ xf] ls s] xf] < Ps
306fd} rdTsf/} ug'{ eP5 . . d c? s;}sf] sf]7fdf k;] h:tf] nfu]/
kms{g kf] nfu]sf] lyP“ . ljxfg b]lv s]xL vfPsL 5}g eGg' x'G5, o:tf]
hfFu/ sxfFaf6 cfof] < tkfO{ w]/} yfSg' eof] xf]nf cG6L, oqf] sfd
ug'{ eP5 . tkfO{ cf/fd ug'{xf];, d ksfpF5' vfgf .Æ
æRj======Rj======a/f . laxfg} b]lv 6ofS;L rnfpFbf rnfpFbf slt
yfSg'eof] xf]nf . cf/fd ug'{xf];, d ksfOxfN5' vfgf, ca bfp/f sf6g'
kg{] xf]Og, pk|mg' kg{] xf]Og . a;La;L vfgf ksfpg] t xf] gL Û
a? ;Sg'x'G5 eg] wf/faf6 Ps afN6L kfgL NofOlbg'; g afa' .
b'O{ afN6L kfgL s] NofP“, ef]sf] k]6 km'q'Ss eO;s]“ . cF of] t/sf/L

120. klg pt}af6 kvfn]/ Nofp“g'xf]nf .Æ pgn] b'O{j6f cfn', Pp6f Kofh,
Pp6f d'nf, sfpnLsf] 8Nnf], Pp6f 6df6/ / clnslt wlgof
yfnLdf /fv]/ lbOg .
d}n] t/sf/L kvfn]/ kfgL NofpFbf ;Dd bfn / eft kfls;s]sf]
lyof] . pgn] bfn k|mfO{ ug{ tfKs] ttfP/ t]n vf]lhg . gkfPkl5 elgg
æafa' t]n /x]g5 . gePklg rN5 . ;a} u/La g]kfnLn] t]n sxfF
vfG5g / < kfPsf] lbg vfof], gkfPsf] lbg kfgLdf ksfof] vfof] .Æ
d em;Fu ePF . x'g klg t]n lyPg . w]/} lbg b]lv d}n] Tof]
sf]7fdf s]xL ksfPs} lyOg . d}n] eg] æcG6L, tkfO{ ef]sfpg' eof]
xf]nf . gq glhs} 5 vfbofGgsf] k;n . d t]n lnP/ cfpg] lyP“ .
kfFr ldg]6 nfUnf .Æ
æx'G5 gL afa', d t/sf/L sf65' tkfO{ t]n lnP/ cfpFgf]; . a?
afa';Fu k};f 5 5}g < of] lngf]; ;o ?k}ofF . of] tkfO{s} ef8f t xf]
gL . d}n] 7Ug vf]h]sL dfq t xf] gL, ef]nL b]vfhfnf .Æ pgn] cl3 /
fv]sf] ;osf] gf]6 dlt/ a9fOg .
ækb{}g cG6L d;Fu 5 . cl3 tkfOn] b]Vg' g} ePsf] 5 . cfpFbf
cfpFb} cf7;o sdfO{ ePsf] lyof] . lbpF;f] sdfPsf] t uf8Ldf k]6«f]n
xfNbf / ;fx'nfO{ uf8Lsf] ef8f a'emfpFbf l7Ss} eof] . a? tkfOsf]
b'O{;o klg lnGg, n /fVgf]; . tkfO{ d]/f] sf]7fdf cfP/ kfFr ;o ?k+}of
eGbf a9Lsf] t sfd ug'{ ePsf] 5 .Æ d}n] klxn] lnPsf ;o ;osf
b'O{j6f gf]6x? pgLlt/ a9fPF .
ælar/f Û ef8f klg /flVbg /] Û /fVgf]; . a? rfF8} hfgf] t]n
Nofpg . tfKs] /ftf] eO;Sof] . c afa', cfwf lsnf] lrgL / ;o u|fd
hlt lrofklTt klg Nofp“g'xf]nf . k};f 5 eg] Ps lsnf] rgf klg .Æ
pgn] ?k}ofF /fVg dflggg . cfkmgf] ;osf] gf]6 eg] sd/df 3';fl/g .
± ± ±

121. xfdLn] vfgf vfFbf /ftsf] bz ah]sf] lyof] . rfdn ;l8;s]]sf]n]
eft s]xL uGw cfpFYof] t/ klg vfgf lgs} ld7f] ksfPsL lyOg xl/
dfof cG6Ln] . d}n] sf:sLsf] ¥ofn] rf}/af6 sf7df8f}Fdf cfP/ 6ofS;L
rnfpg yfn]sf] b'O{ jif{sf] cjlwdf ;aeGbf ld7f] vfg]s'/f vfPsf]
lyP“ . cem}F rfdn /fd|f] ePsf] eP slt ld7f] x'GYof]xf]nf < o;
sf]7fdf k;]sf] rf/ 306f glaTb} cG6Ln] dnfO{ /fd|} 5fk kfg{ ;kmn
ePsL lyOg . Ps dlxgf cG6L cfkm};Fu a;]/ vfgf ksfpg] xf] eg] t
d]/f e'8L g} nfUYof] xf]nf eGg] ;f]r]F d}n] . d}n] eg“] æcG6L tkfO{n]
vfgf ksfpg] tflnd sxfF ug'{ePsf] xf] < vfgf Hofb} ld7f] nfUof] .Æ
æsxfF tflnd ug'{ afa', cfOdfO{sf] hft} vfgf ksfpg,] n'uf w'g],
3/ ;kmf ug{], efF8f dfemg], t/sf/L / kmnkm'n /f]Kg], s]6fs]6L :ofxfg]
{ t xf] gL Û ToxL ug{ g;s] s] cfOdfO{ < x'g t cfhef]lnsf cfOdfO{n]
of] ;a ug{ 5f]8L ;s] .Æ pgn] PsIf0f /f]lsP/ elgg ædnfO{ klg
ld7f] nfUof] . n x]gf{]; t Tolt w]/} eft vfO;s]“ . laxfg b]lv
gvfPsL, aNn ;f; cfof] . n afa' oL efF8fx? ;a} wf/fdf nlu lbgf];
. d ;a h'7f] ;kmf u5'{ clg efF8f dfem5' . afa' ;'Tg' eP x'G5,
To;kl5 .Æ
æslt sfd ug'{x'G5, cG6L < ;'Tgf]; ca ef]nL ;kmf u/f}Fnf
efF8f .Æ d}n] eg“] .
æefF8f h'7f /fVg' x'Gg afa' . ;kgf g/fd|f] b]lvG5 . slt 5g /
efF8f < rf/j6f t xf] gL, hfgf]; .Æ pgn] gdfg]kl5 d efF8f af]s]/
wf/fdf uPF / efF8f cfkm} dfemg yfn+] .
pgL h'7f] r'nf] ;kmf u/]/, kf]5f nufP/ aflx/ wf/fdf cfOg . d}
n] ToltGh]n efF8f ;kmf ul/;s]sf] lyP“ . Tof] b]v]/ pgn] elgg
æRj=====Rj=====Rj====afa'n] dnfO{ g/s} kfg{' x'g] eof] . d}n] vfPsf] h'7f]
yfnL ;d]t ;kmf ul/;Sg' eP5 . /fd====/fd======.Æ

122. ;a} sfd ;Sbf P3f/ aHof] . d}n] eg] æcG6L, sf]7f ;fgf] 5, vf6
Pp6} 5 . tkfO{ ;'Tg'xf]nf /fd|f];Fu . 9f]sf leqaf6 aGb ug'{xf]nf .
d ;flysf]df hfG5' . ef]nL laxfg} cfpF5' .Æ
æ/fd====/fd=====/fd=======afa', tkfO{nfO{ cfkmgf] sf]7faf6 lgsfn]/
d oxfF ;'Tbf kfk nfUb}g < x'Fb}g To:tf] . tkfO{;Fu ;–;fgf b'O{j6f
lj:t/fx? /x]5g, d}n] b]lv;s“] . 5f]8gf]; .Æ dnfO{ vf6af6 p7g
nufP/ pgn] lj:t/f b]vfpFb} elgg . æn of] Pp6f tkfO{FnfO{nufOlbG5'
. clg of] tGgf klg nufOlbG5' . n ;'Tgxf]; / of] Anfªs]6 cf]9gf]; .
dR5/ t w]/} nfUb}g, t} klg d em'n xflnlbG5' . dnfO{ of] lj:t/f eP
k'U5 . d ;Fu asL{ 5, ToxL cf]95' . u/Lan] of] eGbf /fd|f] sxfF ;'Tg
kfOG5 / <Æ
pgn] dnfO{ aflx/ hfg lbOgg . d vf6df ;'t]“ . em'n klg pg}
n] xflnlbOg . cfkm"n] e'OFdf lj:t/f nufP/ cfkm};Fu ePsf] Rofbb/
cf]9]/ ;'Tb} elgg ædnfO{ e'mn rflxFb}g . afa' aflx/ hfFbf oL d]/f]
v'66flt/af6 hfg'xf]nf . ToxfF vfnL 7fpF 5 . cF afa'n] aTtL lgefpg]
si6 ug'{ knf{ x} .Æ
lgb|f klg lgs} ld7f] nfUof] . laxfg % ah] d lapFem] . pgL
laxfg rf/}ah] p7]/ g'xfP/, skfn sf]/]/, rgf tf/]/, lrof ksfpb} /
lx5g . d p7]kl5 pgn] elgg æafa' rf/}ah] uf8L rnfpg hfg] s'/f
ug'{x'GYof] . gf:tfsf] nflu rgf l7s kf/]sL 5' . lrof kfSb}5 . lar/f
yfs]/ ;'t]sfnfO{ s] lap“emfp eg]/ lap“emfpg ;lsg . ca rfF8}
xftd'v wf]P/ cfpFgf]; . lrof ;]nfO{ ;S5 gq eg] . lrof gf:tf
vfP/ afa' 6ofS;L rnfpg hfg'xf]nf . d oxfF a;]/ vfg tof/ u5'{ .
vfgf vfP/ dfdfsf] 3/ vf]Hg hfpFnf . x'Gg afa' <Æ
æx'G5 gL . To;} u/f}Fnf .Æ eGb} d ;f}rfnolt/ nfu]F . d}n] xft
d'v wf]P/ lrof gf:tf u/]/ aflx/ lg:sg] t/v/ ubf{ pgn] elgg

123. æafa' slt ah] vfgf vfg cfpFg' x'G5 < dnfO{ vfgf tof/ ug{ ;lhnf]
x'G5 .Æ
ætkfO{ eft ksfP/ vfg'xf]nf . d pt} vfgf vfP/ P3f/ ah]lt/
tkfO{nfO{ lng cfpFnf, clg tkfO{sf] dfdfsf] 3/ vf]Hg hfpFnf .Æ d}n]
eg“] .
æTof] t x'Fb}x'Gg . tkfO{ vfg gcfpFg] eP d s]xL vfGg . d htf
hfpFnf hfpFnf . clxn] g} lg:sG5', ;fFrf] nfP/ hfgf]; .Æ pgL
emf]nfdf n'ufkmf6f] sf]Rg yflng .
dnfO{ ;fx|} bof nfUof] . d}n] vfg 8]/fd} cfpFg] arg lbP/ aflx/
lg:s]F . ;fx'sf] 3/af6 uf8LlgsfNbf ;f9] 5 ePsf] lyof] . uf8L
lgsfNg s] kfPsf] lyP, ;jf/L e]l6Oxfn] . laxfge/L v'a ;jf/L ldn] .
P3f/ ah];Dd g]6 tLg xhf/ sdfO{ eof] . b'O{ jif{sf] cjlwdf lbge/
Ldf t]n xfn]/ ;fx'sf] ef8f lt/]/ b'O{xhf/ eGbf a9L slxn}
sdfO{ ePsf] lyPg . sf]7fsf] ef8f lt¥of], ;fFem ljxfg xf]6ndf vfof]
gf:tf, clncln bf?KffgL, l;g]df x]¥of], k};f hlt lrlnd . b;}Fdf 3/
hfpF eGof] k};f g} gx'Fg] . b'O{ rf/ xhf/ cfdfnfO{ b;}F vr{ k7fpg
klg ufx|f] . cfh t crDd} ef] . ljxfg} ltg xhf/ cfDbfgL . d xtf/
xtf/ 8]/fdf cfpFbf ;f9] P3f/ ePsf] lyof] . 8]/fdf cfpFbf csf{]
rdTsf/ b]v] . cG6Ln] cf]9g], cf]5ofpg]sf] vf]n, tlsofsf] vf]n, d]/
f ;Dk"0f{ nufp“g] sk8fx? wf]P/ ;'sfO5g . sf]7fsf] leq aflx/ ;kmf
ul/5g . af]/fx? vf]n]/, l;nfP/ sf]7fsf] e'Odf ldnfP/ lj5ofPsL,
Pp6f af]/fsf] 8f]/d]6 9f]sf aflx/ /fv]sL, cfkm" klg sf]/Laf6L ;kmf
ePsL /lx5g . dnfO{ b]Vg] ljlTts} elgg æn afa', xft v'66f wf]P/
cfpFgf]; d vfgf kl:sG5' .Æ
vfgf vfFb} ubf{ d}n] eg“] æcG6L, tkfO{ b'O{ rf/ lbg d ;Fu}
a:gf]; x} . a? d PSn} uP/ tkfO{sf] dfdfsf] 3/ kTtf nufpF5'. clg
kTtf nfUof] eg] tkfO{nfO{ lnP/ hfG5'. x'Gg cG6L <Æ

124. ælsg < afa'nfO{ d lsg b'Mv lbO/x'F <Æ
æxf]Og cG6L, tkfO{;Fu e]6 eP b]lv t d]/f] sdfO{ rf}a/ eO;Sof]
. rdTsf/kf] eof] t . oL x]gf{]; t cfh ljxfg dfq} ltg xhf/
sdfO{ eof] . To;}n] tkfO{ cln lbg d;Fu a:g' eof] eg] d]/f] t efUo
g} lkmnf{ h:tf] nfu]sf] 5 .Æ d}n] k};f b]vfPF .
æx'G5, afa'nfO{ cK7]/f] kb{}g eg] dfdf3/ a:g' / oxfF a:g'df s]
km/s 5 / < afa' klg PSn} x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 . vfgf agfpg klg ufx|f]
dfGg' x'Fbf] /x]5 . d vfgf ksfpF5' , 3/sf] sfd u5'{ . afa'n] sdfpg]
sfd ugf]{; . x'Gg t afa' <Æ pgL d';'Ss xfFl;g .
d}n] vfPsf] h'7f] efF8f lnP/ wf/fdf hfg} nfu]sf] lyP sL pgn]
efF8f vf]:b} elgg ægfO{ afa', o:tf] ug{ KffOGg . ljxfg e/L uf8L
rnfP/ yfs]/, cfpg' ePsf] 5 . d]/f] s] sfd 5 / < a;L a;L vfgf
ksfP“, n'uf wf]P“, Tolt t xf] . h'7f] yfnL oxL /fVgf];, xft r'7]/
cfwf 306f cf/fd ugf{]; clg hfg'xf]nf .Æ
xft r'7g wf/fdf hfFbf 3/e]6L cfdfn] elgg æ8«fOe/ afa', cfh
tkfO{n] sf]7fdf s;nfO{ Nofpg' ePsf] 5 <Æ
ælsg / cfdf < pxfF d]/L cG6L x'g'x'G5 . lrtjgaf6 cfpg'
ePsf] xl/dfof cG6L .Æ d}n] eg]“ .
æs:tf] /fd|f] rng, s:tf] hfFu/, cfh t xfd|f] 3/ aNn 3/ h:tf]
eof] . x]gf{]; t 3/ jl/kl/ . leTtf ;a} ;kmf u/]/, ;f}rfno / wf/fsf]
j/k/ ;kmf u/]/, km'nx? udnfx? ;a} uf]8d]n u/]/, ldnfO{ lbP/ k'/
fgf km'nx? kmfn]/, gofF km'nx? /f]k]/, df6f] km]/]/ crDd 5 . af/Ldf
pd|]sf emf/kftx? ;kmf u/]/ vfN8f]df /fVg' eof] . sfd gnfUg]
l;;fsf 6'qmfx? Knfl:6ssf;fdfgx? p Tof] af]/fdf /flvlbg' eof] .
pxfFnfO{ t s]xL lbg ot} /fVg'knf{, afa' . a? ltx'g t/sf/L k'u gk'u
eP d]/f] af/Laf6 lng'xf]nf .Æ 3/e]6L cfdfnfO{ klg cG6Ln] crDdsf]
u'0f nufO{ ;ls5g .

125. d vfgf vfP/ kN6]sf] t cfFvf nfu]5 . cfwf 306fd} pgn]
p7fpFb} elgg æp7gf]; afa', w]/} ;'Tg' x'Fb}g s] . ca hfgf]; / cfkmgf]
sfd ugf]{; . d]/f] dfdfsf] 3/ klg kTtf nufpg] k|of; ug'{xf]nf .Æ
pgL h'7f] efF8f kvfn]/ r'Nxf] ;kmf u/]/ a;]sL lyOg . d lg:sg
nfUbf pgn] k'gM elgg æof] nufPsf] sk8f vf]Ngf]; / p wf]Psf] n'uf
k6ofP/ l;/fgL d'lg xflnlbPsL 5', Tof] nufpgf]; . d oL sk8f ;kmf
ul/lbpFnf . a? n'uf w'g] kfp8/ ;lsPsf] 5 . afa'n] krf; ?k}of
5f]l8lbg' eof] eg] d lsg]/ Nofpnf . glbP klg s]lx 5}g .
d;Fu ;o ?k}of 5, o;}af6 lsg'“nf .Æ
æc/] cG6L, d]/f] sk8f w'gnfO{ cfkmgf] k};f lsg vr{ ug'{x'G5 <
lngf]; of] ;o ?k}ofF /fVgf]; . krf; ?k}ofFsf] ;f]8f lsGg' xf]nf, krf;
?k}ofFsf] vfhf vfg'xf]nf . d clxn] hfG5', .Æ d}n] eg] .
d}n] l;/fgLd'lgaf6 wf]Psf ;kmf sk8f lgsfn]“ . ;6{, k}G6, 6f]kL
km'sfn]/ ;kmf sk8f nufp“g yfNbf pgn] elgg æafa' Tof] algofg t
emg d}nn] lsl6Psf] 5 . Tof] klg km'sfn]/ 5f]8gf]; wf]OlbpFnf . d
cfdf h:t} t xf] gL . csf{] algofg 5}g eg] cfh ;fFem kms{bf glal;{
Nofpg'xf]nf .Æ
æx'Fb}g cG6L, cfdf a/fj/sL tkfO{NffO{ jlgofg t w'g lbGg .
d ;fFem cfkm} ;kmf u5'{ .Æ olt eGb} sk8f nufPF .
wf]P/ k6ofP/ /fv]sf sk8f nufpFbf k|]; u/]sf h:t} ePsf lyP
. cfkm"nfO{ l;g]dfsf] lx/f] h:tf] nfUof] . lrl6Ss k/]/ aflx/ lg:s]F .
uf8L ;8s 5]pdf 5f]8]sf] lyP, sltv]/ cfP/ uf8L klg k'5]/ ;kmf
ug{ EofO5g . dnfO{ t sf]xL b]jL, b]ptf 5n ug{ cfP h:tf] klg
nfUof], if8oGq h:tf] klg nfUof] . hLjgdf slxn]sfxL s] crDdsf
36gf 36bf /x]5g < ;f]rL g;Sg', sNkgf klg ug{ g;Sg' eof] .
;fFem 8]/fdf kms{bf cfkmgf] nflu Pshf]/ jlgofg / s66',
cG6Lsf nflu 8;gf, tGgf, ANofªs]6 / Pp6f em'n lnP/ cfP“ . Ps

126. af]/f rfdn, cfwf lsnf] df;', xl/of] v';f{gL, n;'g, wlgof, hL/f,
bfn / t/sf/L lnP/ cfPF . ;a} lsGbf klg d;Fu cem} ltg xhf/ ?k}
ofF t afFsL g} lyof] . ;fFem cf7 ah] 8]/fdf k'Ubf vfgf tof/ lyof] .
oL ;fdfgx? cG6Lsf] lhDdf nufPF . pgn] of] x]/]/ elgg æafa', o;/L
k}:ff vr{ gu/]sf] eP x'GYof] . k};f /fVg' eof] eg] eljiodf sfd nfU5
. d ceflugLsf nflu l;/s, 8;gf, e'mn s] rflxG5 / < e'Odf klg
;'Tg ;S5' . afa'n] sf]7fdf a:g, vfg lbg' ePsf] 5, oxL d]/f] nflu
gljl;{g] u'0f ePsf] 5 . vfgf t tof/ 5, afa' xft v'66f wf]P/ cf/fd
ugf]{; . d df;' ksfpF5' .Æ
pgn] df;' ltg efu nufOg . Ps efu ksfOg, Ps efu srf}/
fdf 5f]k]/ /flvg / Ps efu lrD6fdf pg]/ Uof; r'nf]df ;]sfpg
yflng . Tof] b]v]/ d}n] eg]“ æc06L cfwf lsnf] hfaf] df;' klg
gksfP/ s] ug{ yfNg' eof] <Æ
æPs} 5fsdf w]/} vfP/ s] ug'{ < xfdLnfO{ of] df;' ltg 5fs x'G5
. of] srf}/fsf] df;' ef]nL ljxfgnfO{ x'G5 clg of] ;'sfPsf] df;'
ef]nL ;fFemnfO{ x'G5 Æ pgL xfFl;g .
vfgkLg ;s]/, r'Nxf] efF8f] u/]/ pgn] laxfgsf] nflu rgf
lehfOlbOg . gofF 8;gf, Anfªs]6 / tGgf d]/f] nflu nufO lbP/ k'/
fgf] 8;gf, Anfªs]6 / e'mn cfk"mn] k|of]u ul/g . lj:t/fdf kN6]kl5
pgn] ;f]lwg æ8«fOe/ afa', tkfO{sf] 3/df sf] sf] x'g'x'G5 <Æ
æ3/df cfdf x'g'x'G5 clg Pp6f efO{ 5 . a'jf xfdL ;fg} x'Fbf
ljTg' ePsf] lyof] /] Û efO{ afx| sIffdf k95 .Æ
æ3/ stf xf] gL <Æ
æd/f] 3/ sf:sL lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd kf]v/f ahf/sf] kf/L k66L
¥ofn] rf}/df k5{ .Æ
æsf7df8f}F cfPsf] slt eof] <Æ
æd b'O{ jif{ cl3 sf7df8fF} l5/]sf] x' . ToxL a]nf b]lv 6ofS;L
rnfpFb} cfPsf] 5' t/ k};f sdfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g .

127. cfdfnfO{ nTtfsk8f / efOnfO{ k9fO{ vr{ k'¥ofpg klg wf} wf} k5{ .
s] ug'{ c06L, u/Lasf] bfp sa} gcfp .Æ
æafa'sf] gfd klg ;f]w]sL 5}g . slt jif{sf] x'g' ef] xf]nf <Æ
æc06L, gfd bfgaxfb'/ u'?ª xf] . clxn] rf}la; k'u]/ klRr;df
nfu]F .Æ
æca t s]6L x]g]{ a]nf klg eof] xf]nf . st} x]g'{ ePsf] 5}g <
PSn} slt a:g' x'G5 <Æ
æs] s]6L x]g{' c06L, cfˆg} Hofg kfNg ufx|f] 5 . xfdL 3/ g
3f6sf]nfO{ 5f]/L klg s;n] b]nf / < clg c06Ln] dfOt t lrtjg
eGg' ef] . 3/ stf gL <Æ
æd]/f] 3/ x]6f}F8f xf] . 3/df >Ldfg / Pp6f 5f]/f 5 . dfOtdf
klg cfdf x'g'x'G5 clg Pp6f efO{ 5 .Æ
ægfd t xl/dfof eGg' ef] . slt jif{ k'Ug' ef] / oxfF
dfdfnfO{ e]6g cfpg' ePsf] xf] sL c? s'g} sfdn] xf] <Æ
æd clxn] $( jif{ k'u]/ krf;df 6]s]sL 5' . 3/df >Ldfg ;Fu
emu8f k/]/ s]xL lbg dfdfsf] 3/df a:g hfG5' egL efu]/ cfPsL .
afa';Fu a:g n]v]sf] /}5 . dfdfsf] 3/ klg km]nf k/]g . l7s} 5, s] ug'{
/ <Æ
æd}n] cfh w]/} hgf;Fu tkfO{sf] dfdfsf] af/]df ;f]wk'5 u/]F . st}
kTtf nufpg ;lsg . b'O{ rf/ lbg k|of; ubf{ cjZo kTtf nfUnf .
lrGtf gug'{xf]nf .Æ
pgn] p7]/ alTt lgefpFb} elgg æn t afa' cj ;'tf}F . ef]nL
ljxfg} p7g'k5{ .Æ
± ± ± ±
ljxfg rf/} ah] c06Ln] dnfO{ p7fpFb} elgg æ8«fOe/ afa',
p7gf]; . d lrof gf:tf tof/ u5'{, tkfO{ g'xfpgf]; . xgf]{; t afa',
tkfO{sf] hLp s:tf] d}nf] 5 < hfgf];, laxfg g'xfpFbf hLp xn'ªuf] /
lg/f]uL x'G5 . afa' sfddf uPkl5 d klg g'xfpF5' .Æ

128. dnfO{ gg'xfO ;'v} lbOgg c06Ln] . d}n] g'xfPF, algofg s66'
wf]P/ ;'sfPF . gf:tf u/]/ aflx/ lg:s] . lbpF;f] eft vfg cfpFbf
c06Ln] elgg æafa', lxhf] tkfO{n] lbPsf] ;o ?k}ofF dWo krf;sf] ;k{m
lsg] . afFsL krf;sf] ;'hL NofPsL 5' . km';{b x'G5 eg] ltg rf/
ah]lt/ 8]/fdf k;]/ gf:tf u/]F x'G5 gL Û dnfO{ PSn} vfg klg dg
nfUb}g . cfpFg'x'G5 <Æ
æglhs} kl/P5 eg] cfpg ;S5' t/ slxn] sfFxL t lgs} 6f9f
klg hfg'k5{ c06L, d gcfPklg tkfO{n] vfg'xf]nf .Æ
æo;f] ug'{xf]nf gL Û 3/e]6L lbbLsf]df cfpF5' eg]/ kmf]g ug'{eof]
eg] d gf:tf l7Ss kf/]/ /fv“'nf .Æ
æx'G5 c06L d clxn] uP“ .Æ otL eGb} d aflx/ lg:s]F .
Tof] lbg klg d]/f] sdfO{ kfFr xhf/ eof] . d]/f] kf;df cf7xhf/
hDdf ePsf] s'/f ;fFem c06LnfO{ eg“] . c06Ln] ;f]lwg æafa', tkfO{sf]
a}ªsdf vftf 5 <Æ
æ5}g c06L, k};f eP kf] vftf vf]Ng' <Æ d}n] eg“] .
ætkfO{;Fu clxn] cf7xhf/ ?k}ofF 5 . oxfF glhs} s'g} g s'g} a}
ªs cjZo xf]nf . a}ªsdf vftf vf]Ngf]; / ePsf] k};f vftfdf /fVb}
hfgf]; . o;/L kf;d} /fVbf x/fpg klg ;S5 . s;}n] ;fk6 dfu]/
vfOlbg ;S5, cgfjZos s'/fdf vr{ x'g ;S5 . h;/L klg vftf
vf]Ng]; x} afa' .Æ c06Ln] elgg .
ef]lnkN6 pgn] 3/e]6L cfdfnfO{ lnP/ bz} ah] /fli6«o jfl0fHo
a}Fs gofF afg]Zj/ uP/ vftf vf]Ng] kmf/d, b:tVt gd'gf sf8{ tyf
hDdf ug{] ef}r/ e/]/, d]/f] gful/stfsf] k|df0f kqsf] kmf]6f]slk u/]/
l7Ss kf/]sL /lx5g . d}n] oL ;a} sfuhkq / kmf]6f] ;lxt a}Fsdf uP/
vftf vf]n]“ . bzxhf/ ?k}of vftfdf hDdf eof] .
;dodf vfgf, ;dodf gf:tf, l7s ;dodf ;'Tg] / p7g], k|
ltlbg g'xfpg], ;kmf sk8f nufpg], ;kmf sf]7f, ;kmf lj:t/fdf ;'Tg],

129. ld7f] vfg]s'/f vfg] ugf{n] d Ps dlxgfdf ;ft lsnf] a9]sf] lyP“ .
vr{ klg lgs} s6f}tL eof] . d rf/ k6s 8]/fd} cfP/ vfGy]F .
c06Ln]k'/L–t/sf/L, ksf}8f, Kn]g k/f}7f, lrof–lj:s'6, rfprfp, lrof–
kfp/f]6L, df;'–lrp/f, k'nfp, yl/yl/sf gf:tf agfplyg . Ps lsnf]
df;' NofFbf ltg lbg rnfplyg . ca ljxfg ljxfg b'w cfpFg yfNof],
lrofsf] nflu eg]/ . 3/a]6LnfO{ eg]/ csf{] 7"nf] sf]7f lnof}F ef8fdf .
a}Fsdf gAa] xhf/ hDdf eO;s]sf] lyof] . k|To]s lbg sdfPsf] k};f
c06LnfO{ 5f]l8lbGy], pgn] Tof] k};f a}Fsdf hDdf u/]/ ef}r/
dnfO{ a'emfplyg . 3/e]6L klg lgs} v';L lyP . c06L klg df]6fP/
hjfg b]lvg yfn]sL lyOg . dnfO{ eg] Pp6f s'/fn] cfZro{df kf/]sf]
lyof] sL Ps dlxgf ;Dd vf]hL ubf{ klg gofF afg]Zj/ tyf k'/fgf]
afg]Zj/ st} klg jL/ k|;fb vgfn gfd ePsf] JolSt km]nf k/]g .
c06Lsf] 3/ / dfOtL s;}n] klg cfh ;Dd c06Lsf] vf]hL u/]sf] yfxf
ePg . c06L klg 3/ hfg] s'/f slxn} ulb{glyg . d}n] klg
c06LnfO{ cfkmgf] 3/ hfg'k5{ eGg] s'/f lal;{g yfn]sf] lyP“ . t} klg
Ps lbg ;f]w“] æc06L, tkfO{ d;Fu a:bf dnfO{ c;fWo /fd|f] ePsf]
5 . d}n] cfkmgL cfdfnfO{ ;d]t lj;{]sf] 5' . t} klg tkfO{sf] 3/
lauf/]/ d;Fu a:gf]; s;/L eg“' < ca tkfO{ cfkmgf] 3/ hfg'xGg <Æ
æ5f]l8lbg'; afa', Tof] kfkLsf] s'/f . tkfO{n] b]Vg' ePg, d ;'?df
tkfO{;Fu e]6 x'Fbf s:tL xf85fnf lyP“ . lbglbg} s'6lk6 uYof{] . 5f]/f]
klg afa'lt/} nfu]/ 3/af6 lgsfnL lbP . d ca ToxfF hfGg . afa'n]
a:g lbpGh]n oxL a:5' . dfdf 3/ klg hfGg . dfOt klg hfGg .
afa'n] lax] u/]kl5 5f]/f5f]/L x]l/lbpFnf . oxfF ga;, hf eGg'x'G5 eg]
hfG5' . st} g st} Ps uf; h'6fP/ vfpFnf . geP d/f}+nf .Æ pgn]
cfFvfdf cf;' lgsflng .
o; kl5 d}n} pgsf] 3/ / dfOtLsf] af/]df slxn] klg ;f]lwg .
d}n] Ps hf]/ gofF sk8f lsgLlbg] larf/n] Ps ;fFem eg] æc06L xh'/

130. d;Fu a:g yfn]kl5 t d lgs} ;'vL ePsf] 5' . d]/f] vfglkg, a;fO,
lx8fO{, njfO{ lgs} :6of088{ ePsf] 5 . a}Fsdf klg gAa] xhf/ ?k}ofF
hDdf eO;s]sf] 5 . d ca wlg ePsf] 5' . of] ;a} xh'/n] ubf{ g}
ePsf] xf] . t/ tkfO{ eg] pxL k'/fgf] Anfph / wf]tLdf x'g'x'G5 . To;}
n] ef]nL d xh'/nfO{ ahf/ lnP/ hfG5' . Pshf]/ gofF sk8f, Pshf]/
h'Ttf lnP/ cfp“g'xf]nf . xh'/n] ubf{ d]/f] sNkg} ug{ g;lsg] k|ult
ePkl5 xh'/nfO{ o:tf] b;fdf /fVg'' eg]sf] kfk af]Sg' g} x'g]5 .Æ
æx'G5 gL afa', dnfO{ klg 3'Dg dg t nfu]sf] lyof] . eGg ;s]sL
lyOg . oqf] ;do sf7df8f}F a:bf klg gofF afg]Zj/ rf]s eGbf ptf
slxn} b]v]sL 5}g . ef]nL ljxfg afa' sfddf hfg'xf]nf . d vfg tof/
u5'{ . vfgf vfP/ lbpF;f]lt/ hfpFnf gL 3'Dg . x'Gg t afa' <Æ pgn]
elgg .
æx'G5 c06L To;} u/f}Fnf .Æ d}n] eg“] .
ef]lnkN6 vfgf vfP/ Ps ah] xfdL sf]7faf6 lgl:sof}F . uf8L ;
8s 5]pd} lyof] . ev{/ c06L uf8L leq k:gnfO{ 9f]sf vf]Nb} lyOg
sL d]/f] ;fyL OGb|] e]l6of] . p ;jf/L 5f]8]/ vfnL 6ofS;L rnfpFb}
ToxL ;8s x'Fb} cfPsf] lyof] . c06LNfO{ b]v]kl5 p;n] eGof] æP
bfgaxfb'/, ltdLn] ljjfx u¥of} < ljjfxdf va/ klg u/]gf}F, lsg dfof
df/]sf] <Æ
dnfO{ emgSs l/; p7of] . d}n] l/;fpFb} eg]“ æltd|f] cfFvf 5 sL
5}g < s] d krf; jif{sf] h:tf] b]lvG5' < c06L;Fu kfk af]N5f}F <Æ
æltdL;Fu pd]/ s;n] ;f]w]sf] 5 / < c06L x'g'x'G5 eg] t e}uf]
lg, l/;fpg' k5{ <Æ p;n] eGof] .
æclg krf; jif{ pd]/sL c06L;Fu ;fFk]]kl5 s] eGg] t <Æ
æsf] krf; jif{ < pxfF krf; jif{sL x'g'x'G5 < s] eG5g logL <
lar/f afO; t]O; t k'Ug' ePsf] 5}g xf]nf <Æ p;n] rlst ePsf]
cg'xf/ nufof] .

131. ægs/fp x}, v'a dfG5] lrGg] ePsf . hfpF c06L, o:tfsf] s'/
f ;'g]/ b'Mv gdfGg'xf]nf . logLx? o:t} 5g . tGg]/L a'9f s]xL lrGb}gg
.Æ olt eGb} d}n] uf8L :6f6{ u/]F . c06L s]xL af]lngg .
uf8L Go'/f]8 kfls{ª :yndf kfs{ u/]/ ljzfn ahf/sf]
Pp6f /]l8d]8 k;ndf k:of}F . d}n] æn]l8h sk8f b]vfpgf]; g, Pshf]/
lsGg' 5Æ eg“] .
p;n] ufpg / n]luG; rf/ kfFr ;]6, To:t} e]:6 /
lhG;sf ;]6x?, :s6{x? b]vfpg yfNof] . d}n] k;n]nfO{ eg]“ ækrf;
krkGg jif{sf dlxnfn] nufpg ldNg] s'tf{ ;'?jfn 5}gg<Æ
æd}n] pxfFsf] nflu sk8f b]vfO /x]sf] 5' . cfdfsf] nflu xf] eg]
b]vfOxfN5' gL ÛÆ k;n]n] c06Llt/ b]vfof] . klxn] pxfFsf] nflu g}
x]gf{]; g ÛÆ
ætkfO{ s] eGb} x'g'x'G5 < pxfF t xf] gL d]/L c06L, krf; jif{sL
x'g'x'G5 .Æ d}n] c06LnfO{ b]vfP“ .
p;n] c66xf; u/L xfF:b} eGof] æpxfF krf; jif{ k'Ug' eof] /]< s]
xfF;f] ub{} x'g'x'G5 < la; afO;sf] t?gLNffO{ krf; jif{sL eGg'x'G5 .Æ
c06Ln] elgg æ5f]l8lbgf]; 8«fOe/ afa', eGg]n] s] eG5g eG5g .
n afa', d}n] tkfO{sf] nflu of] lhG; / l6 ;6{ 5fgL lbPsL 5', p ToxfF
Soflagdf uP/ nufpg'xf]; t ldN5 ldNb}g <Æ pgn] tL sk8f d lt/
a9fpFb} Sofljg b]vfOg .
d}n] Sofljgdf uP/ k'/fgf sk8f km'sfn]/ c06Ln] 5fg]sf lhG; /
l6 ;6{ nufP . z/L/df 7ofSs} ldNof] . d Sofljgaf6 aflx/
lg:sbf ;fx'n] eGof] æSof lx/f] b]lvg' ef] < tkfO{ sL c06Lsf] 5gf}6
uhasf] /}5 .Æ
æn ;fx'hL, d]/f] nflu of] / pxfFsf] nflu Pshf]/ Tof] nufPsf] /
Ps hf]/ of] r]s ;6{ kfOG6 Kofs ul/lbgf]; .Æ c06Ln] elgg .
d}n] ;f]w]F æslt eof] ;fx'hL <Æ

132. æw]/} ePsf] 5}g . b'O{ hf]/ Dof8dsf] nflu / b'O{ hf]/ tkfO{sf]
nflu ldnfP/ aofln; ;o krf; eof] . pxfFn] sd} bfdsf] 5fGg'
ePsf] 5 .Æ ;fx'n] ljn lbFb} eGof] .
ToxfFaf6 s:d]l6s k;ndf uof}F . ToxfF c06Ln] s]xL
d]scksf ;fdfg lnOg . d}n] klg ;]leª d]lzg / lqmd lsg]F .
clg kfls{ªaf6 uf8L lgsfn]/ Go'/f]8 u]6df cfpFbf b'O{hgf tGg]/
Ln] ;f]w]F æ6ofS;L vfnL 5 <Æ
d}n] af]Ng gkfpFb} c06Ln] elgg ævfnL 5 t/ afa'x? stf xf]
hfg] <Æ
ælj cfO{ l;l;, gofF afg]Zj/ .Æ
æn xfNgf]; afa', pxfFx? klg pt} hfg] /], emg ;lhnf] eof] .Æ
pgn] elgg .
d}n] eg]“ æb'O{hgfsf] u/]/ ltg ;o nfU5 .Æ
æl7s 5 .Æ eGb} b'Ohgf kl5Nnf] l;6df a;] . 6ofS;L /Tgkfs{,
eb|sfnL, l;+xb/af/, dfOlt3/ x'Fb} gofF afg]Zj/ rf]sdf k'Ubf 5]pdf
uf8L /f]s]+ . b'O{ hgf cf]n{]/ ef8f glbO{ ;/f;/ hfg yfn] . d}n] s/fP/
eg] æcf] bfO{, ef8f .Æ
æs] sf] ef8f < xfldn] clxn] ;Dd ef8f ltg{] u/]sf] 5}g .Æ eGb}
lx8b} /x] .
c06Ln] ljB't ultdf aflx/ lg:s]/ bf}8]/ tL b'O{hgfsf] cufl8
k'u]/ af6f] 5]Sb} s8s]/ af]lng æemg 8«fOe/ afa'n] dfGg' ePsf] lyPg,
bof u/]/ a:g lbPsf] ef8f glt/]/ hfg] < v'?Ss ef8f lgsfn, xf]Og
eg] k'ln; af]nfpF5' .Æ
æglbP s] u5of}{ <Æ Pp6fn] eGof] .
æ6ofS;L ltdLx?sf] afa'sf] xf], l;Tt}df r9gnfO{ < rfF8f] lgsfn
k};f <Æ pgL emg rls{Og .
c? dflg;x? klg /ldtf x]g{nfO{ jl/kl/ hDdf eP . ca 5'6sf/
f kfpg sl7g 5 eg]/ csf{]n] tLg ;o lgsfn]/ lbof] . c06Ln]

133. ltg ;o ;dft]/ elgg æPs ;o c?, ef8f glt/L hfg nfu]sf] hl/
jfgf .Æ
æn, :jf:gL dfG5] gePsf] eP hfg]sf] lyP .Æ eGb} krf;sf] gf]6
kmof66 c06Lsf] xftdf kmfn]/ uof] . c06L s/fpFb} kmls{Og ædfG5]
gkfPsf 8fFsfx? .Æ
Pp6fn] k5fl8 kms]{/ eg]sf] ;'lgof] æSof of/, 5f]s/L t bfbf
kf] /}5] .Æ
± ± ±
8]/fdf cfhef]nL b'O{j6f knªx?, lsr]g 6]a'n, efF8f /fVg] ¥ofs,
Pp6f b/fh, b'O{j6f d]rx? / Pp6f 6]a'n lyof] . sf]7f 7"nf] ePsf]n]
dlxgfsf] klRr; ;o ef8f, lah'nLsf] 5'66} . 3/e]6L cfdfn] af/Ldf
pTkfbg ePsf] ;fu;AhL t/sf/L l6Kg vfg s'g} /f]s nufpg' ePsf]
lyPg lsgsL af/L / udnfsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfd c06Ln] g} uyL{g . c06Lsf]
d]xgtn] ubf{ t/sf/L t 3/sf ;a}nfO{ k'u]/ klg
l5d]sL ;DdnfO{ afF8g k'UYof] . wf/fsf] 5]pdf, af6f] 5]pdf,
5tdf ;d]t udnf /fv]/ c06Ln] yl/ yl/sf t/sf/L kmnfpg yfn]sL
lyOg . To;}n] t/sf/L lsGg' kb{}gYof] . rfdn, bfn, g'g, t]n, d;nf,
gf:tfsf] ;fdfg lsGbf ;d]t d]/f] klxn]sf] Ps dlxgfdf vr{ x'g] /sd
eGbf yf]/} k};fdf k'u]sf] lyof] . c06Lsf] xft g} o:t} lyof] . vfg]s'/f
klg gfk]sf] h:t} slxn} v]/ kmfNg' kb{}gYof] .
Ps lbg ;jf/L lnP/ ;fgf]l7dL lt/ hfFb} lyP“sL ljkl/t lt/af6
vfnL 6ofS;L lnP/ OGb|] cfpFb} u/]sf] b]lvof] . p;n] uf8L /f]s]/ eGof]
. æbfgaxfb'/, d oxL l;l6Olel6g]/ kv{G5', ;jf/L k'¥ofP/ cfp .
ltdL;Fu Pp6f s'/f ug'{5 .Æ
d}n] x'G5, eg]/ cufl8 a9] . pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifbsf]
u]6df ;jf/L 5f]8]/ kms{bf OGb|] l;l6OeLl6g]/ plePsf] lyof] . p;sf]
uf8L ;8s lsgf/df /f]lsPsf] lyof] . d}n] p;sf] uf8L glhs} uf8L /

134. f]s]/ aflx/ lg:sbf d]/f] glhs cfP/ eGof] æpleP/ s] s'/f u/f}F < p
ToxfF lrof k;ndf hfpF . lrof klg vfp“, ukm klg u/f}F . Æ
xfdL l;l6Olel6sf] SoflG6gdf uP/ b'O{ sk lrofsf] c8/
u¥of}“ . lrof lkpFb} s'/fsf] yfngL p;}n] u¥of] æx]/ g ;fyL 5lAa;
jif{ k'luof], laafx c“em} ePsf] 5}g . ca Pp6f s]6L vf]h]/ ljjfx ug'{
k¥of] eg]/ ltdL;Fu ;Nnfx dfUg vf]h]sf] .Æ
d}n] eg] æof] t /fd|f] s'/f xf], u/ g t ljjfx .Æ
p;n] dlt/ x]/]/ eGof] æltdLn] ;xof]u u¥of} eg] d]/f] ljjfx
x'G5 . ;xof]u u/]gf} eg] x'Fb}g . To;}n] dnfO{ ltdLn] ;xof]u u/ .
ltd|f] nflu d ;xof]u u/f}Fnf .Æ
æd}n] s] ;xof]u ug'{ k¥of] < egg d ul/xN5' gL ÛÆ
æs]lx lbg cl3 ltd|f] uf8Ldf lyOg gL, ltd|L c06L, xf] pg}
nfO{ b]v]kl5 d]/f] t /ftsf] lgb} x/fO{ ;Sof] . ;kgf klg pgs} b]V5' .
rnfO{ b]pg s'/fsfgL . Hofb} u'0f dfGg] 5' .Æ
æs] s'/f u5f{} ltdL < ax'Fnfpg t nfu]gf}F < pgL lrtjg dfOt,
dsjfgk'/sf] x]6f}8f 3/ ePsL cwj}“;] dlxnf x'g . x]6f}8fdf pgsf
>Ldfg / 5f]/f] 5g . ltdL hqf] t pgsf] 5f]/f] 5 . aL; jif{sf] eof] .
cfdf eGg ;'xfpg] dlxnfnfO{ o:tf] s'/f ug'{ kfk nfUb}g ltdLnfO{ <Æ
æxf]Og of/, ltdL wf]sfdf 5f} . pgsf] ljjfx klg ePsf] 5}g
xf]nf . 5f]/f] t k/sf] s'/f xf] . dnfO{ krf; ;f7L jif{sL ePklg,
ljjfx ePsL 5f]/f5f]/L ePsL ePklg km/s kb{}g . dflG5g eg] d
ljjfx ul/xfN5' . Ps k6s s'/f ul/b]pg .Æ
æd t s'/f ug{ ;lSbg . ltdL cfkmF} e]6]/ s'/f u5f}{ eg] u/ .
dnfO{ o:tf] s'/f dg kb{}g .Æ d}n] eg] / p7]/ lxF8L klg xfn]“ .
;a}n] pgnfO{ aL; afO; jif{sL eGy] . Hofb} ;'Gb/ eGy] t/
dnfO{ eg] klxnf] lbg uf]Fua' a;kfs{df b]Vbf h:tL lyOg, p:t} nfUYof]
. s]xL df]6fPsL eg] lyOg . d]/f gh/ a;]sf lyP sL, c? dflg;x?

135. ax'nfPsf lyP yfxf ePg t/ Pp6f s'/f lglZrt lyof] sL o; ;+;f/
df cfwf gax'nfPsf] sf]xL klg lyPg . ;a}sf] duh s]xL lju|]s} lyof] .
c06L t?gL ePsf] eP d k/fO db{;Fu Pp6} sf]7fdf lsg ;'Tg d~h'/
uly{g< pgsf dfdf 5g sL 5}gg< st} kTtf lsg nfu]g < jfg]Zj/sf]
6Kkf 6Kkf 5fg dfbf{ klg jL/k|;fb vgfn gfdsf] sf]xL JolSt km]nf
k/]g . c06L 3/ klg hfg] s'/f ulb{gg . dfOt klg hfg] s'/f ulb{gg .
of] s] s'/f xf] < pgLklg cw{ kfun lyOg . d klg cw{ kfun lyP .
xfdL ;a} kfun lyof}F . sf]xL ;bb] lyPg . bfndf s]xL sfnf] 5 h:tf]
nfUYof] . ;fFemdf 8]/fdf uP/ c06LNfO{ lgofn]/ x]/]F, p:t} nfUof] . rfp/
L k/]sf] t/ df]6fPsf] cg'xf/, p:t} njfO{, p:t} lx88'n . p:t} kfsf]
Jojxf/, xf]l;of/L / kSsf sfd . aLz afO;sL dlxnfsf] o:tf]
Jojxf/ sxfF x'g' < s]xL lbg o:t} tgfjdf /x]“ .
lj:tf/} d ;fdfGo cj:yfdf cfP kl5 d}n] Pslbg eg] æc06L,
clxn] d;Fu Ps nfv rfln; xhf/ ?k}ofF hDdf eO;s]sf] 5 . oxfF /
fv]/ s] ug{] < tkfOnfO{{ s]xL cfjZos eP eGgf];, gq d of] k}“;f 3/
k7fOlbG5' .Æ
pgn] elgg æ8«fOe/ afa', Pp6f s'/f egf}F <Æ
æeGgf]; g s] s'/f xf] <Æ
ætkfO{n] k|To]s lbg ;fx'nfO{ uf8L ls/fof slt a'emfpg' x'G5 <Æ
æklRr; ;o, lsg / <Æ
æPs dlxgfsf] slt eof] <Æ
Ps If0f /f]lsP/, lx;fa u/]/ d}n] eg“] ækrxTt/ xhf/ .Æ
ulDe/ d'b|fdf pgn] elgg æxf], dlxgfsf] krxTt/ xhf/sf b/n]
Ps jif{df ;fx'nfO{ tkfO{n] gf} nfv a'emfpg' x'g] /x]5 . Tolt k};fdf
t gofF uf8L cfpF5 . To;}n] rf/ kfFr xhf/ 3/ vr{sf] nflu cfdfnfO{
k7fOlbg'xf]; . clg Ps nfv k}lt; xhf/ tkfO{;“u x'G5 . d;Fu klg
8]9 tf]nfsf] cf}7L, Oo/, l/ª / 6kx? 5g . of] ;a} a]Rbf slDtdf

136. krxTt/ xhf/ t xf]nf . gub b'O{ nfv hlt eof] eg] kmfOgfG; u/
fpFbf gofF uf8L cfpF5 . tkfO{n] ;fx'nfO{ ltg{] k};f dfq arfpbf klg
Ps jif{ kl5 t uf8L cfkmgf] eOxfN5 . To;}n] gofF cfkmg} uf8L
lsGgf]; .Æ
æxh'/n] h'lSt t Psbd /fd|f] atfpg' eof] t/ tkfO{sf] uxgf
a]r]/ uf8L s;/L lsGg' <Æ d}n] cK7]/f] dfGb} eg]“ .
æs] ef] t < kl5 k};f sdfpg' eof] eg] Jofh ;lxt b'O{ tf]nfsf]
l;qmL lsgLlbg'xf]nf . sfd u/]kl5 u¥ofu¥o} x'G5 . kl5 gx6gf]; .
uf8L lsGgf]; .Æ pgL d':s'/fOg .
æof] s'/f t d}n] cfh ;Dd ;f]r]s} lyOg . o:tf] s'/f s;/L yfxf
kfpg'x'G5 c06L <Æ d klg d':s'/fPF .
ækrf; jif{ pd]/ vfPsf] cg'ej x'Fb}g t <Æ pgL klg xfFl;g .
To;sf] Ps xKtf kl5 d]]/f] cfkmg} uf8L cfpg] kSsf eof] . uf8L
cfpg] ePkl5 kfls{ª ug{] 7fpF klg t rflxof] . of] s'/f 3/j]6L
cfdfnfO{ ;'gfP“ . pxfF klg lgs} v';L x'g' ef] / eGg' ef] æl7s} 5, of]
d]/f] u]6 ;fgf] 5 . s]xL k};f afa'n] yKgf];, s]xL d yK5' . of] u]6
x6fP/ uf8L l5g{] 7"nf] u]6 /fvf}F . kfl{s{ª ug{] 7fpF t hlt klg 5 .
o:tf] /fd|f] dfG5]nfO{ 3/af6 cg]q k7fpg ;lSbg .Æ
æx'G5 cfdf, To;} u/f}F .Æ d}n] eg] .
gofF u]6 /fVg Ps xKtf hlt nfUof] . Tof] a]nf ;Dd kmfOgfG;sf]
sfd klg ;lsof] . uf8L NofPsf] lbg c06Ln] km'ndfnf, cla/
nufO{ cu/aTtL afn]/ k'hf ul/g . uf8LnfO{ 9f]u]/ ;ftk6s kl/qmd
ul/g . dnfO{ klg To;} ug{ nufOg . lrNnf], sfnf] /ªsf] 6f6f
sDklgsf] uf8L Hofb} ;fgbf/ b]lvPsf] lyof] . 3/e]6L nufot
l5d]sLx? ;a}nfO{ ld7fO{ af8of}F .

137. ef]nL kN6 uf8L lnP/ hfg nfUbf c06Ln] dnfO{ gofF ;'6, 6fO{ /
r:df nufpg lbFb} elgg æo:tf] /fd|f] uf8Lsf] 8«fOe/ klg t lx/f] x'g'
k¥of] gL ÛÆ
d}n] 6fO{ ;'6 / r:df nufP/ 8«fOe/ l;6df a:bf h]6 ljdfgsf]
kfOn6 h:tf] cg'ej u/]F . lrNnf] uf8L ;/{/ ;8sdf u'8g yfNof] . d
ca ;fdfGo 8«fOe/af6 uf8L dflns eO;s]sf] lyP“ . uf8Lsf] ls:tf
dlxgfsf] ;f7L xhf/ dfq . kGw| xhf/ t gfkm} x'g] eof] . 5lTt;
dlxgfsf] ls:tf kl5 uf8L t cfkmg} . k}:ff eP Tof] eGbf klxn} a'emfP
kl5 Jofh sd ltg'{kg{] .
klxnf] dlxgfd} ls:tf lt/]/ Ps nfv sdfPF . Tof] k};faf6 d}n]
c06Lsf] nflu b'O tf]nfsf] ;'gsf] r]g lslglbP“ . pgL lgs} v';L eOg
. dnfO{ d'/Ld'/L cflzjf{b lbOg . slxn]sfxL sfd kbf{ 3/
j]6LnfO{ lgz'Ns uf8L r9fpg] x'Fbf pxfFx? klg dVv x'g''x'GYof] .
d ljxfg ;w}F g'xfpy] . gg'xfO{ ;'v} lbGglyg c06Ln] . ;fFem ;w}F
xft v'66fdf t]n nufpg elGyg . To;}n] k|To]s lbg xftv'66f
dfln; ug{] g;f g} a;]sf] lyof]] . Ps lbg c06Ln] elgg æv} lk7o'df
d nufO lbG5' .Æ
æx'Fb}g c06L, o:tf] kfk t d af]Sg ;lSbg .Æ d}n] eg]“ .
pgn] t]nsf] efF8f] vf]:b} elgg“ æ3f]K6f] kgf{];, s] sf] kfk <Æ
pgn] lk7o'df t]n nufpFbf d}n] cfdfnfO{ ;Dem“] . hf8f]
dlxgfdf g'xfOlbP/ 3fddf klN6g nufO{ o:t} dfofn' xftn] cfdfn]
t]n 3;fO lbg'x'GYof] . lgs} cfgGb nfu]/ d t lgbfpg k'u]5' . sk8f
cf]9fP/ em'n klg nufO{ lbO5g c06Ln] . d t Ps} k6s ljxfg dfq
Ao'lemP“ .
b'O{ rf/ lbg c? lat] . Ps lbg dnfO{ cfkmg} 8]/f
glhssf] ;jf/L ldn]sf]n] ljxfg bz ah] ;jf/L 5f]8]/ kms{b} lyP .
dgdg} larf/ u/]F ;f9] P3f/ ah] vfgf vfg t cfpFg} k5{ . 8]/fdf

138. k;]/ hfG5' eg]/ ;w}Fsf] eGbf 8]9 b'O{ 306f rfF8f] g} 8]/fdf k'u]F . uf8L
;8s 5]pd} 5f]8“] . sf]7fdf k:5' eg]sf] t sf]7fdf u'gu'g u/L s'/f
u/]sf] ;'g]“ .d leq gk;]/ sf] /x]5 eg]/ s'/f ;'Gg yfn“] . 9f]sfdf
kbf{ lyof] . 3/e]6L cfdf x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 . pxfFn] eGb} x'g'x'GYof] ægfgL, s]
cfh ;Dd cnu cnu ;'T5f} ltdLx? <Æ
æxh'/ cfdf, cfdf 5f]/f h:t} kljq 5f“} .Æ c06Ln] elgg .
æ8«fOe/ afa' klg slt ;f]emf < o:tL /fd|L t?gL Pp6} sf]7fdf
ltg dlxgf ;Dd ;'Tbf ;d]t s:tf] ;+od ug{ ;s]sf < xf]Og xf]nf,
dnfO{ 9f65of} ltdL .Æ
æxf] cfdf, ;fRr} xf], 9fF6]sL 5}g . pxfFn] dnfO{ krf; jif{sL a'9L
eg]/ kTofO{ /xg' ePsf] 5 . c06L eg]/ cfkmg} cfdf h:t} cfb/
ug'{x'G5 . xftn] t s] sf7n] klg 5'g' ePsf] 5}g .Æ
æo:tf] a'9Lsf] d]sck / clego slxn] ;Dd u5of}{ < ca
5f]8Lb]p . 8«fOe/ afa' gldNbfsf dfG5] 5g . d]/f] 3/df a;]sf] b'O{ jif{
eof], slxn] klg g/fd|f] sfd sfjf{xL b]v]sL 5}g . lgs} OdfGbf/, bf?
kfgL vfP/ gdfltg], s]6L kl5 gnfUg], h'jftf; gv]Ng], ;xof]uL, bofn'
/ ldhfl;nf 5g . clt /fd|f] afgL 5 . ca ltdLx? ljjfx u/]/ a; .
d s'/f ul/lbG5' .Æ
c06Ln] elgg æhlt clego u/]/ a'9Lsf] d]sck u/]klg dfG5]n]
lrgLxfNbf /x]5g cfdf . 8«fOe/ afa' h:tf ;a} sxfF x'Fbf /x]5g / <Æ
pg]n] OGb|sf] s'/f, Go'/f]8sf Jofkf/Lsf s'/f ul/g . b'j}hgf dl/dl/
xfF:g yfn] .
d 3/df x'Fbf 3/e]6L cfdfnfO{ lbbL elGyg . clxn] cfdf
eg]/ ;Daf]wg ul//x]sL lyOg . pgn] k'gM elgg æcfdf xh'/ hfgf];
ca . 8«fOe/ afa' cfpg] ;do x'g nfUof] . P3f/ ah] ;Dd
cfOk'Ug'x'G5 s'g} s'g} lbg . d ca d]sck u5'{ . cem} Ps b'O{ dlxgf

139. pxfFsL c06L eP/} a:5' . To;kl5 xh'/ ;Fu ;Nnfx u/]/ h]
ug'{k5{ u/f}Fnf .Æ
ToxL ;dodf d}n] sf]7fleq k:b} eg]“ æca d]sck klg ug'{kb{}g
. c06L aGg' klg kb{}g . ca cfh}, clxn} of] sf]7f 5f]8]/ hfgf]; .
cfdf ;f“5L x'g'x'G5 . d}n] ;a} s'/f ;'lg;s“] . dnfO{ em'6f] af]n]/ w]/}n]
em'SofPsf 5g . csf{] em'Sofpg] Pshgf ylkg'eP5 . tkfO{ sf] xf],
dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . d yfxf kfpg klg rfxGg . d olt s'/f hfGb5' sL
tkfO{ c?nfO{ wf]sf lbg l;kfn' x'g'x'bf]/x]5 . o:tf] em'6f] s'/f u/]/
ld7f] af]n]/ c?nfO{ u'd/fxdf kfg{] dfG5]nfO{ d Ps ldg]6 klg ljZjf;
ug{ ;lSbg . /fd|f] klg NffUb}g . oL uf8L ef8f lngf]; / oxfFaf6
hfFgf]; .Æ
d]/f] s'/f ;'g]]/ 3/j]6L cfdfn] eGg' ef] æ8«fOe/ afa',
o:tL ;j{u'0f ;DkGg b'nxL kfpFg ;lsGg . oL gfgL ;fx|} nIf0fsL 5g
. gfgL cfPsf] b'O ltg dlxgfd} tkfO{n] uf8L lslg;Sg' eof] . tkfO{sf]
hLjgdf v';L 5fPsf] 5 . tkfO{ cfhfef]nL df]6fP/ s:tf] x'g' ef]
x]gf{]; t, tkfO{sf kfv'/f ;ndfg vfgsf h:tf ePsf 5g .
tkfO{ s:tf] ;'u'/sf] vf]/ h:tf] sf]7fdf ;'Tg'x'GYof] . b'O{ jif{df k}:ff w]/}
sdfpg' eof] xf]nf t/ tl/sf ghfg]/ Ps k};f /fVg ;Sg'ePg . clxn]
gfgLs} h'lSt a'l4n] /fh;L 7fF6afF6df a:g'ePsf] 5 . d}n] eg]sf]
dfGg'x'G5 eg] oL gfgLnfO{ pDsg glbg'xf]; . rFf8} ljjfx ugf{]; .Æ
d}n] eg“] æcfdf, xh'/n] eg]sf] ;f]x|} cfgf l7s xf] t/ cfh em'6f]
s'/f af]n]/ 5sfpg ;Sg]n] ef]nL 5sfpFb}g, wf]sf lbFb}g, em'6f] af]Nb}g
eg]/ s;/L ljZjf; ug{ ;lsG5 < pxfFsf] ?k 5, hfFu/ 5, ;Lk 5,
Tof] dnfO{ yfxf eO;Sof] . b'O{ lbg cfgGb u/]/, ;'v sf6]/ kl5 ?g'
eGbf t clxn] b]lv b'Mv sf6g' /fd|f] 5 . To;}n] cfh} pxfn] of] sf]7f
5f]8g' k5{ . d ca wf]sf vfg ;lSbg .Æ

140. ænf} gfgL, lsg em'6f] af]Nof}F < ;To s'/f s] xf] < afa';Fu eg]/
dfkmL dfu . oL afa' u'?ªsf 5f/f lgs} ;Hhg 5g . ;/n x[bosf 5g
. logL;Fu a:of} eg] ltdLnfO{ b'Mv kb}{g eGg] s'/fdf d 9'Ss 5' . b'a}
hgf aRrf 5}gf}F . s'/f ldnfp d hfG5' .Æ 3/j]6L cfdf hfg'eof] .
pxfF uPkl5 xl/dfofn] d]/f] v'66f ;dft]/ elgg æ8«fOe/ afa', d}
n] cfh ;Dd tkfO{;Fu em'6f] af]n“], 5sfP“, tkfO{nfO{ xfF;f]sf] kfq klg
agfP“ . o;sf] nflu Ifdf kfpF . d}n] tkfO{ o:tf] ;Hhg x'g'x'G5 egL
yfxf kfPsf] eP ;To s'/f eg]sf] eP klg x'GYof] . t/ xfd|f]
b]zdf :Jff:gL dfG5]sf] nflu st} klg ;'/Iff 5}g . cfkmgf] ;'/Iffsf
nfuL xfdLn] cg]s gf6s / axfgfafhL ug'{k5{ . aflx/ t aflx/
eOxfNof], xfdL :jf:gL dfG5]x? cfkmg} 3/leq ;d]t ;'/lIft 5}gf}F .
ca d tkfO{nfO{ s'g} s'/f n'sfplbg ;a} eG5' .Æ
pgn] cfkmgf] syf o;/L eGg yflng .
d]/f] 3/ lrtjg lhNnf e/tk'/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !# df k5{ .
d]/L cfdfsf] dfOtL3/ x]6f}8f xf] . d]/f af gf/fo0f3f6df h'Ttfsf]
k;n ug'{x'G5 . d]/f] Pp6f efO{ 5, d eGbf kfFr kif{ sfG5f] . d]/f af
cfdfn] dnfO{ lgs} dfof lbP/ /fd|f] :ofxf/ ;';f/ u/]/ x'sf{pg' ef] .
xfd|f] lgs} ;'vL kl/jf/ lyof] . efO{ / d jf]l8{ª :s'ndf k9Yof}F . p
eGbf d rf/ sIff dfly lyP“ . d a9b} uP“. !$ jif{ k'u]kl5 d]/f]
5 f t L d f : t g x ? b ] v f k / ] . d t ? g L b ] l v g
yfn“] . :jf:gLdfG5]sf] ;aeGbf 7'nf] ;q' eg]sf] p;sf] ?k g} x'Fbf]/x]5
. d]/f] ?kdf hjfgL ylkPkl5 ;a}sf cfFvf nfUg yfn] . dnfO{ To;sf]
cfefif eO/x]sf] x'GYof] . c? t c? d]/f] cfkmg} af ;d]t d]/f] ?kdf
nf]leg' eP5 . pxfFn] dnfO{ klxn] eGbf a9L, efO{ eGbf klg a9L dfof
ug{ yfNg'eof] . sfvdf a;fpg], ufnf hf]8g], ;'d;'Dofpg], DjfO{ vfg]
ug{ yfNg'eof] . slxn] sflx t dnfO{ ps'; d's'; klg nfUYof] . t/

141. cfkmg} afnfO{ g/fd|f] s;/L ;f]Rg' < afn] lgs} dfof u/]sf]n] of] ;a
ug'{ ePsf] xf]nf egL ;f]Rby“] .
lbgx? laTb} uP . d kGw| kif{ k'u]F . sIff bzdf k9y]“ . efO 5
sIffdf lyof] . d]/f] afn] slxn] k|ms tn tfgL lbg], slxn] ;6{ dfly
kmsf{Olbg], slxn] ;ldhsf] x's vf]nL lbg] h:tf ceb| Jojxf/
ug{ yfNg' eof] . of] s'/f cfdfnfO{ eG5' eGg] nfu]sf] lyof] .
eGg ;s]sL lyOg . Ps lbg efO{nfO{ ;Grf] geP/ cfdfn] xl:k6n
lnP/ hfg'ePsf] lyof] . p;sf] v'66fdf vl6/f] cfPsf] lyof] .
d :s'naf6 cfP/ :s'n 8«]; vf]n]/ csf{] nufpg nfUbf s;}n] d]/f]
bfofF :tg RofKk ;dfTof] . efO{ af}nfof] sL eg]/ k5f8L kms]{/ x]/]sf]
t cfkmg} afa' kf] x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 . d}n] :tgaf6 pxfFsf] xft em6sf/]/
x6fpFb} eg] æaf, cfkmg} 5f]/LnfO{ o:tf] ubf{ tkfO{NffO{ kfk nfUb}g <Æ
pxfFsf] d'vaf6 lgl:sof] æcfkmg} 5f]/L eP kf] t, emf8Laf6
e]6fP/ NofPsf] t xf] gL .Æ
ToxL ;dodf cfdf / efO{ aflx/ af]n]sf] ;'lgof] . olb cfdf /
efO{ s]xL l9nf] u/]sf] eP d]/f] OHht aRg] lyPg . d xtkt ;6{ /
d]8L nufP/ aflx/ bu'/]“ . d]/f] Tof] lbg OHht hf]luof] .
dnfO{ emf8Ldf e]6fP/ NofPsf] eGg] s'/f ToxL lbg yfxf kfP“ .
Tof] a]nf ;Dd s;}n] eg]sf] lyPg . Tof] lbg dnfO{ ;fFem ;Dd 8/
nflu/xof] . htf cfdf, hfg'x'GYof], pt} pt} uO/x]F . ;fFem
cfdf;Fu ;f]w“] æcfdf, tkfO{n] dnfO{ emf8Ldf e]6fP/ Nofpg' ePsf] xf]
/ <Æ
pxfFn] eGg' eof] æs;n] eGof] 5f]/L < d}n] g} hGdfPsL x'F gL Û
d]/f] afaf ÛÆ
d}n] lhbbL u/] æcfdf g9f6L eGgf]; t Û dnfO{ sxfF e]6fP/
Nofpg'ePsf] xf] <Æ

142. æxf]Og s], sxfF e]6fpg' < s] eG5] of] <Æ pxfFn] em'6f] af]Nb}
x'g'x'GYof] eGg] s'/f pxfFsf] af]nfOaf6 emlNs/x]sf] lyof] .
d}n] afn] eg]sf] eg]kl5 pxfFn] eGg' eof] æ5f]/L tF kL/gu/ . tF
d}n] hGdfPsL 5f]/L xf]Og; eGg] s'/f d}n] ljl;{;s]sL lyP . t}
n] ;DemfO; / dfq ofb cfof] . tFnfO{ d c;fWo dfof u5'{ . cfkm}Fn]
hGdfPsf] 5f]/L eGbf a9L . d]/f] ljjfx ePsf]] bz jif{ ;Dd klg xfd|f]
5f]/f5f]/L ePgg . t]/f] afn] wd{k'q ckgfpg] s'/f ug{ yfNg'ePsf] lyof]
. xfdLn] wd{k'qsf] nflu xl:k6ndf klg ;Dks{ u/]sf lyof}F . Ps lbg
ljxfg} v;Lsf] nflu 3fF; Nofp5' egL hªundf uPsf] t aRrf /f]Psf]
cfjfh ;'g]F . /f]Psf] lt/ uPsf] t emf8Ldf tFnfO{ sk8fdf a]/]/
kmfn]sf] e]6fPF . t]/f] d'vdf / z/L/ el/ sldnf nfu]sf lyP . d}n]
tFnfO{ p7fP/ 3/df Nofpbf t]/f af klg lgs} v';L x'g'eof] . tF rf/
jif{sL ePkl5 t]/f] efO{ d]/f] k]6df cl;{of] . tFnfO{ of] 3/df
NofPb]lv ;a} s'/f /fd|f] eof] . Jofkf/ km:6fof], 5f]/f eof], :jf:Yo klg
clxn] ;Dd /fd|f] 5 . To;}n] tF d]/L 5f]/L dfq geP/ d]/f] efUo klg
xf]; . d]/f] ;j{Zj xf]; d]/f] cfkmg} 5f]/L xf]; .Æ
cfdfn] dnfO{ c;fWo dfof ug'{x'GYof] . efO{sf] t emg s] s'/f ug{]
< dnfO{ Ps If0f 5f]8b}gYof] . d}n] cfdfnfO{ ;a} s'/f eGg} kYof{] gq
eg] d afa'af6 aRg] lyOg . d}n] klg cfkmg} afaf6 hGd]sf] aRrf km]/
L emf8Ldf kmfNg' kYof{] . of] emf8Ldf aRrf kmfNg] zLnzLnf rnL/
xGYof] . d}n] ;a} s'/f cfdfnfO{ eg]“ . of] ;'g]/ cfdf lgs} ?g'eof] .
pxf“n] af;“u emu8f ug'{{eof] . To;a]nf afn] cfdfnfO{ lgs}
lk6g'eof] . xfdLn] klg afaf6 lgs} lk6fO{ Kffof}F lsgsL efO{ / d
cfdfnfO{ arfpg rfxGYof+} . j/k/af6 sf]xL ;xof]u ug{ cfPgg . afn]
cfdfnfO{ d/gf;Gg x'g]u/L s'6g' eof] . xfd|f] s]xL nfu]g .
pgn] kfgL vfOg . ;f}rfno uOg . km]/L cfP/ d]/f] glhs} a;]/
cfkmgf] syfsf] afFsL c+z eGg yflng .

143. /fte/sf] /0f;ªu|fd kl5 ljxfg pHofnf] gx'Fb} cfdfn]
efO{nfO{ lnP/ dfOt hfg nfUg' eof] . pxfFn] hfg]j]nf eGg' eof]
ætkfO{ h:tf] ck/flw;Fu d al:bg . d uPF .Æ
of] ;'g]/ afn] eGg' eof] ætF hfG5]; eg] hf . dnfO{ s]xL 5}g . d
ca xl/dfofnfO{ g} :jf:gL /fV5' .Æ
cfdfn] aflt/ y's]/ hfg'eof] . ToxfFg]/ cfdfsf] dfof klg
jgfj6L ePsf] cg'ej eof] dnfO{ . pxfFn] ;'/Iff lbg'kg{] dnfO{ g} lyof]
t/ dnfO{ hfG5]; sL eg]/ Ps arg gaf]nL efO{NffO{ dfq lnP/
lg:sg' eof] . 3/df ca af gfdsf /fIf;sf] cufl8 d gfdsL k|f0fL
ef]hgsf nflu c;xfo cj:yfdf /x]“ . cfdfsf] kl5 hfg dg nfu]g
lsgsL pxfFsf] j]jf:tfn] dnfO{ lgs} kL8f lbPsf] lyof] . ca aRg]
pkfo st} lyPg . To;}n] cfdf uPsf] s]xL ;do kl5 g} d lg:s]/
lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no k'u]F . k|x/Ln] afnfO{ kqmfp u/L Nofof] . b'O{ rf/
306f /fv]/ ca b]lv o:tf] sfd gug'{ egL sfuh u/]/ 5f]8L lbof] .
d;Fu s]xL gaf]nL af sfuh u/]/ k|xl/ sfof{noaf6 lg:s]/ hfg'eof] .
dnfO{ 3/ hfg] OR5f ePg . ;'/Iff klg b]lvg . hfg] 7fpF klg st}
lyPg . sfuh u/]/ uP klg dg g} lju|]kl5 s] nfUof] / < To;}n] k|x/L
sfof{noaf6 lg:s]/ l;=l8=of]= ;fx]jsf]df k'uF] . ToxfF Ps 306f
s'/]kl5 d]/f] e]6g] kfnf] cfof] . sfk{]6 lj5ofPsf] 7"nf] sf]7f, rf/}
lt/ ;f]kmf ;]6 /fv]sf], lbjfndf g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqLx? tyf slj
snfsf/x?sf lrqx? 6fFluPsf] lyof] . 7"nf] e'l8, 7"nf7"Nff cfFvf,
cfFvfdf r:df nufPsf, g]kfnL kf]zfs nufPsf JolSt k/ s'gfdf 7"nf]
6]j'nsf] cf8df a;]sf lyP . d}n] gd:t] u/]kl5 pgn] ;f]w] æs] ;d:of
k¥of] <Æ
d}n] ?b} ;a} s'/f ;'gfP“ . d}n eg“] æd ca 3/ hfGg . dfjnL
klg hfGg . dnfO{ k9g] n]Vg] / vfg] a:g] Joj:yf ul/ kfpF .Æ

144. l;=l8=of]= ;fjn] ulDe/tfk'j{s d]/f] s'/f ;'g] kl5 eg] æd]/f] 3/
df hfG5of}F < d]/f] 5f]/f ljb]zdf k9g uPsf] 5 . 3/df d]/L cfdf, d]/L
kTgL / b'O{j6f 5f]/Lx? 5g . ltdLNffO{ ToxfF s'g} ;d:of x'Fb}g . k9g
klg kfpF5of} . Toxf ghfg] eP dlxnf clwsf/jfbLnfO{ af]nfP/ lhDdf
nufOlbG5' . c? Joj:yf pgLx?n] g} u5{g . eg s] u/f}F <Æ
d}n] eg] æd xh'/sf] 3/df hfG5' .Æ
pgn] eg] æltdLnfO{ 3/af6 s]xL nTTff sk8f, sfkL lstfj tyf
cGo s]xL lng' 5 eg] clxn] lnP/ cfpF . ef]nL ljxfg} d ltdLNfO{ d]/f]
3/ k7fOlbG5' . Æ
pgn] d;Fu Pp6f l;kfxL k7fO{ lbP . d 3/df k'Ubf af 3/df
x'g'x'Gy]g . l7s} eof] . Kjfnaf6 ;fFrf] lgsfn] . 3/ leq uP/ nufpg]
n'uf, ;'gsf] cf}7L, Oo/ l/ª nufP . sfgdf ePsf ;'gsf 6k lgsfn]/
h]adf /fv]F . ;fg} b]lv bz}F ltxf/ tyf rf8 kj{df l6sf6fnf]
ubf{ lbPsf ?k}ofF v'q's]df hDdf u/]sL lyP“ . vq's] km'6fn]/ uGbf
kfFr xhf/ b'O ;o gf]6 / c? 9ofsx? lyP . gf]6 klg ?dfndf a]/]/
emf]nfdf xfn]F . 9ofsx? ToxL 5f]8L lbP“ . :s'n Aofudf k':ts,
sfkLx? gc6]sf]n] /fVg ;lsg . Pp6f sfkL / cªu|]hLsf] lstfj
dfq /fv]“ . of] ;a} u/]/ aflx/ lg:s]F . 3/df tfNrf df/]/ ;fFrf] ;w}
Fe/L /fVg] u/]sf] Kjfndf /flv lbP“ .
± ± ±
l;l8of] ;fjsf] 3/ kf]v/f /x]5 . kf]v/f cfPkl5 d]/f] gofF
hLjg ;'? eof] . gofF ahf/ kf]v/fdf pxfFsf] 3/ glhs} Pp6f ;/sf/L
:s'n /x]5 . To;sf] gfd k|eft pRr dflj /x]5, h;nfO{ gfO6 :s'n
klg eGbf /x]5g lsgsL ToxfF 8] / gfO6 u/L b'O{ l;km6 k9fO{ x'GYof] .
ToxL :s'nsf] 8] l;km6df sIff bz df egf{ ul/lbP . s] k9fO{ x'GYof] /
< d t Tof] 3/sL gf]sgL{ kf] eP . k9fO{ n]vfO{ ug]{ ;do g} lyPg .
vfg ksfpg], n'uf w'g], 3/ ;kmf ug{], efF8f dfemg], af/Ldf uf]8d]n

145. ug{], ljxfg rf/ ah] b]lv j]n'sf P3f/ ah] ;Dd sfddf bnfpg yfn] .
ljxfg rf/ aHof] ls æxl/dfof,====xl/dfofÆ eg]/ s/fpg yfnLxfNy]F .
rf/ aHof]sL /08Lx?nfO{ lrof geO{ gx'g] . tL gsr/L Tof] 3/sf 5f]/
Lx? lbgdf bz k6s t 8«]; abNy] . sk8f klg slt x'g < Pp6Lsf
dfq b'O ;o hf]/ t h'Ttf dfq lyP . k}G6, e]:6, n]xªuf, ufpg, :s6{,
ss6]n 8«];, n]l;G;, sf]6, cfp6/ s] s] xf] s] s] < cfdf To:t}
gSsnL, xfkkfOG6 nufP/ ;]G8f] e]:6df ahf/ lg:sg] . rfln; k}
tfln; jif{sL cfOdfO{ ;]G8f] e]:6, lnlkl:6s, ufhn, cfO :of8f], a8L
nf];g bn]/, cTt/ :k]| u/]/ l;g]df / kf6L{df hfGyL .
3/df sfd ug{] d afx]s csL{ Pp6L aRrf ;lxtsL cwa};]
dlxnf lyOg . xfdL b'O{hgf lbge/L sfd ul/x/GYof} . hfg] sxfF <
emf8Ldf kmfn]sL s]6Lsf] of] ;+;f/df cfkmGt eGg' sf] x'G5 /< Pp6L
cfdfn] emf8Ldf kmfn]/ uOg . csL{ cfdfn] 3[lgt ;dfhdf cgfy
kf/]/ uOg . To;}n] d}n] Pp6f c7f]6 u/]F dgdg} sL d cj}w
ue{ slxn] klg af]Sg] 5}g, h;n] ubf{ aRrf hGdfP/ emf8Ldf kmofSg'
k/f]; d]/L cfdfn] h:tf] . Tof] a]nf b]lv dnfO{ ;a} eGbf 3[lgt s'/
f ;]S; g} xf] eGg] nfUg yfNof] . a? Hofg hfcf];, s;}sf] Hofg lng'
k/f];, h]n hfg'k/f]; t/ s;};Fu of}g ;DaGw /fVg' gk/f]; eGy]+
dg]dg} . ToxL sf/0fn] tL aRrf ePsL dlxnf;Fu d]/f] ulx/f] ldqtf
eof] . 3/df a:bf jf ahf/ hfFbf slxn} /fd|f] b]lvg] k|of; ul/g . ;w}F
em'q] emfd|] eO/xGy] . cg'xf/df bfu nufP/ skfn uHofªdHofª kf/]/
kmf]x/L, c;Eo / s'?k b]lvg] k|of; uy{] . gq Tof] 3/df d
sxfF ;ltTj arfpg ;Sy] / < Tof] 3/df lbglbg} w]/} nf]Ug] dfG5]x?
cfO/xGy] . Tof] 3/sf] l;l8of]sL &% jif{sL a'9L cfdf jfx]s ltg}
hgfsf Aofo k|m]G8x? lyP . d b'AnfP/ xf85fnf dfq ePsL, To;df
klg cg'xf/ lauf/]sL, kmf]x/L b]lvg] c;Eo s]6L;Fu, s]6L s] egf}F a'9L
b]lvg yfn]sL d;Fu tL ;Hhgx? glhs} kb{}gy] . To;}n] d ar]“ . d}n]
slt k6s l;l8of]sL :jf:gLnfO{ cj}w of}g ;DaGwdf lnKt ePsf]

146. b]v]sL lyP“ . tLg} cfdf 5f]/L d]/f] b]vfb]vL nfh} gdfgL 3[lgt sfdx?
uy{] . dnfO{ y'Sg dg nfUYof] .
Tof] csL{ a'9L, hf];Fu dnfO{ ;'Tg] agfPsf lyP, /fte/
vf]s]/ ;'Tg} lbFb}gyL . slxn] of] u/, slxn] Tof] u/ egL/xGyL /fte/ .
cfkm'nfO{ lgb|f nfu] kf] ;'tf]; . cfkm'nfO{ lgb|fn] Rofk]sf], p eg]
cfkmgf hjfgLsf, afNosfnsf, ljjfxsf, nf]Ug] / 5f]/f5f]/Lsf s'/fx?
ul/xGyL . p eGyL æh;n] h] ;'s} egf];, hf];Fu ljjfx u/f];, hLjg
hf];Fu ljtfcf]; tf klg klxnf] k'?if;Fu ljtfPsf] If0f hLjge/L ofb
cfO{ /xG5 . ;kgfdf p;}nfO{ b]lvG5 . ljjfx u/]kl5 nf]Ug]n] klxn]
g} ;ltTj u'dfPsf] s'/f yfxf kfpF5sL eg]/ 8/ nflu/xG5 .Æ p;n]
klxnf] k|]d, j}jflxs hLjg, uef{j:yfsf] cj:yf cflbsf] jf/]df
atfpyL .
p;n] eGyL æPp6f 5f]/f oxL kf]v/fsf] s'g} pRr dfljdf lk|
lG;kn 5 . Pp6f 5f]/f k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ePsf] 5 . 5f]/Lsf nf]Ug]
OlGhlgo/ 5g . pt} l;+ufk'/df a:5g kl/jf/ ;lxt . eP/ s] ug'{ <
cfkm'nfO{ x]g{] sf]xL 5}gg . hxfF a;]klg x]nfF u5{g . x'g t 5f]/Ln]
jif{sf] c;L gAa] xhf/ ?k}ofF k7fOlbG5] l;+ufk'/af6 t/ k};fn] sfd
ug{] xf]Og . enf tF 5]; / ;fyL ePsL 5]; .Æ
ljgf k};fsf] gf]sgL{ agfpg kfPkl5 s;n] /fd|f] dfGb}g < d Tof]
3/sf] ;f/f sfd ul/lbGy]“ . Tof] 3/df d 5 jif{ a;“] . d]/f] nflu Tof]
3/ lyPg, g/s lyof] g/s . pgLx?sf] nflu :ju{ lyof]xf]nf t/ Tof]
3/ g/s g} lyof] . k};f dfq eP/ s] ug'{ < 5f8f af]S;Lx?, c?sf] kL/
dsf{ ga'emg] . gfd klg Pp6fsf] lgKkn, csL{sf] a]~h', cfdfsf] /
f]hgf, s:tf gfd x'g< dnfO{ / tL gf]sgL{ cfdfnfO{ t pgLx?n] k'/fgf]
eP/ kmfn]sf sk8f sf6]/ l;nfO{ lbGy] . s'tf{ ;'?jfn, Anfph, DofS;L
clg k'/fgf hfdf, k|mfs, rf]nL lbGy] . k}“;f dfUof] eg] eGy] ælsg

147. rflxof] tnfO{ k}:ff, vfgf nfpg kfPs} 5;, lx8g 3'Dg / l6le
x]g{ kfPs} 5; .Æ
5f8f /08Lx?, k]6 klg af]Sb}gy] . dg{ klg g;s]sf kft/x? .
dnfO{ nfUof] . of] 3/df a;]/ hLjg kmfNg' eGbf lu66L s'6]/
vfg' /fd|f] xf]nf . oL /08Lx?sf] ;]jf rfs/L u/]/ g wd{ x'g] xf], g
hLjg aGg] xf] < To;}n] lt gf]sgL{ cfdf;Fu Ps lbg eg]“ æcfdf
of] ;+;f/df d]/f] cfkmgf] eGg' sf]xL 5}g . d clxn] dfq PSsfO;
jif{sL ePF . of] 3/df a;]/ d]/f] s]xL sNofg x'g]jfnf 5}g . ;do
cufl8 g} dl/g] s'/f kSsf 5 . o:tf] hjfgL pd]/d} a'9L b]lvg yfn]sL
5' . To;}n] d of] h]naf6 lg:sg rfxG5' . hfg'x'G5 eg] b'j} hgf efuf}F
.Æ
pgn] elgg ægfgL, d cfˆgf] nf]Ug]nfO{ 5f]8]/ sxfF hfpF . ltd|f]
sNofg xf];, ltdL hfpF . dnfO{ ;Demb} u/] .Æ
pgsf] a'9f] ToxL 3/df rf}sLbf/ lyof] . pg}n] dnfO{ of] wf]tL
Anfph lbPsL x'g . dnfO{ efUgdf klg pg}n] dbb u/]sL lyOg . d /
ftL afx| ah] 6jfOn]6 hfg] axfgfdf 3/af6 lg:s]/ efu]F . /fte/
lxF8]/ laxfg pHofnf] x'g] ;dodf n]vgfy ahf/ k'u]F . ToxLaf6
sf7df8f}F hfg] a;df r9]F . pxL cfkmg} 3/af6 NofPsf kfFrxhf/
b'O{ ;o dWo] kGw| ;o ?k}of afFsL lyP . ;ft ;o a;ef8f lbPF .
Ps ;osf] af6f]df eft vfPF . ;fFem kv sf7df8f}Fsf] uf]Fua' a;kfs{df
t cfO{k'u] t/ ca stf hfg] </Tgkfs{ / afg]Zj/ b'O{ 7fpFsf] gfd dfq
yfxf lyof] . Tof] /ft a;kfs{d} u'hf/]“ . csf{] lbg klg s]xL
h'lSt ;'em]g . dfu]/ a;f} jf xf]6ndf efF8f dfemf}F s] u/f}, s] u/f}F <
eO/xof] . ca jf]gZj/lt/ hfg'k¥of] eg]/ ;f]Rb} lyP“ ls afa'sf]
6ofS;L 5pd} cfP/ /f]lsof] . clg d]/f] dgdf s] cfof] s'GgL afa';Fu
s'/f u/]F . efUon] tL/ lgzfgfdf nfu]5 . of] ;a} eof] .

148. xh'/;Fu e]6 x'Fbf d;Fu ;fRr} g} ltg ;o ?k}ofF dfq lyP . d
lgs} a'9L g} b]lvGy] . PSsfO; jif{sL t?gL k}+lt; lsnf] eg]kl5 s:tf]
x'Fbf] xf] < Tof] 3/df 5 jif{ a:bf h] hlt g/fd|f s'/fx? ePklg
dnfO{ Pp6f kmfObf of] eof] sL d}n] efiff, af]nLrfnL / 3/
leqsf] ;Dk'0f{ sfd l;s]“ . ToxL clxn] sfd nfUof] . ca d xf]6n u/L
a;f}F eg] /fd|f] rnfpg ;S5' h:tf] nfU5 t/ xf]6n vf]Ng k};f klg t
x'g' k¥of] .
h] xf]; d tkfO{;Fu a:g yfn]kl5 df]6fP/ d]/f] ?k b]lvg yfNof] .
To;nfO{ hlt n'sfpg vf]h] klg n'sfpg g;lsg] eof] . tkfO{sf] ;fyL
OGb|n] t ljjfxsf] s'/f g} rnfP . Go'/f]8df hfFbf tkfO{sf] xfF;f] g} eof]
. s'/f ;a} oxL xf] . of] s'/fdf s'g} jgfj6L eP d s] df s;d vf
eGg'x'G5 s;d vfg tof/ 5' . dnfO{ nfu]sf] lyof] sL 8«fOe/x? 5f8f
x'G5g, 5f]/Lr]nL eGb}gg xf]nf . w]/}n] o:t} eGy] . t/ tkfO{ lgs} hftL
x'g'x'“bf] /x]5 . glrg]sL, ghfg]sL, :jf:gL dfG5]nfO{ af; lbg' eof] .
d}n] eg]sf] dfGg' ef] . clxn] t tkfO{ aLz nfvsf] dflns eO;Sg' ef]
. ca o;}u/L k|ult ub{] hfg'xf]nf . /S;L vfP/ ;DkTtL v]/
gkmfNg'xf]nf . /08LjfhLdf km:g' eof] eg] /f]u / zf]s b'j} lglDtG5,
Tof] gug'{xf]nf . hLpsf] Vofn ug'{xf]nf . vfgf ;dodf vfg'xf]nf .
uf8L xf]l;of/ eP/ rnfp“g' xf]nf . dnfO{ k};f rflxb}g . Tof]
cfdfnfO{ k7fO{lbg' xf]nf . dnfO{ Pp6f k]6 kfNg ufx|f] 5}g, lu66L
s'6]/ klg k]6 kfn'nf . /fd|f];Fu a:g'xf]nf dhfG5' .Æ
pgL cfkmgf k'/fgf sk8f klxn] NofPsf] cfkmgf] h]G; Jofudf
sf]rfsf]r kfg{ yflng . d}n] lsgL lbPsf sk8f lems]/ dlt/ a9fpFb}
elgg æoL sk8f d}n] cfh;Dd nufPsL 5}g . ljjfx ug'{eof] eg]
b'nxLnfO{ x'G5g . oL h'tf eg] d lnG5' . lsg eg] d]/f rKkn
r'8L;s]sf 5g . lnP/ uO{ geGg'xf]nf . of] ;'gsf] r]gdf klRr; xhf/
?k}ofF tkfO{sf k/]sf 5g . d tkfO{sf k};f vfg] 5}g . a]r]/ tkfO{sf]

149. vftfdf xflnlbg]5' . kTofpg' x'Gg eg] ;Fu} hfpF, a]r]/ cfkmgf] k};f
Nofp“g'xf]nf . cfh ;Dd tkfO{sf] vfP“, sf]7fdf a;]F . slt vr{ eof]
xf]nf . dnfO{ Ifdf lbg'xf]nf . emf]nf prfn]/ rKkn l5/fP/ ha pgL
hfg yflng, dnfO{ eSsfgf] km'6of] . d t Sjf Sjf u/L ?g yfn]]“ . s]
eof] s'GgL, d]/f] ?jfO{ aGb g} ePg . d /f]Psf] b]v]/ pgL cSs g aSs
eOg . d t efjgfdf k'u]/ pg]sf] v'66f 5fFb xfNg k'u]5' . kl5 xf];
cfPkl5 d}n] eg“] æd]/L cK;/f, d]/L k|Lo, d]/L gfusGof d tkfO{sf]
sdf/f] eO a:b5', tkfO{n] eg]sf] dfG5' . d}n] tkfO{sf] lrTt b'vfP“,
dnfO{ Ifdf ug{'xf]; . dnfO{ 5f]8]/ ghfgf]; . ca daf6 slxn} tkfO{sf]
lrTt b'vfpg] sfd x'g] 5}g .Æ
pgL klg dnfO{ cFufnf] xfn]/ ?g yflng . xfdL Ps
csf{nfO{ cFufn]/ efjljxn eO{ w]/}j]/ ;Dd /f]O/xof}F . kl5 dg xn'ªuf]
ePkl5 b'j}n] vfg vfof}F . vfgf vfP/ 3/j]6L cfdfnfO{ ljjfx ug{] s'/f
;'gfof}F . pxfFn] Hof]ltif af]nfP/ ;fOt x]g{ nufpg' eof] . Hof]ltifLn]
eg] æef]nL ;f]daf/ ljxfg bz ah] pTtd ;fOt 5 .Æ
ef]nL kN6 d]/f rf/–kfFr hgf ;fyLx? / 3/j]6Lsf kl/jf/
sf ;b:ox? xfd|f hlGtx? eP . xfdLn] blIf0fsfnL dlGb/df uP/
ljjfx u¥of}F . Tof] lbg d]/L b'nxLn] dnfO{ yfxf glbP/ Go'/f]8df
lsg]sf] u'nfjL ufpFg / 6«fph/ nufPsL lyOg . cg'xf/df xNsf
d]sck u/]/ skfn k5fl8 h'/f] kf/]sL lyOg . pgsf] ;'Gb/tf
b]v]/ ;a}n] lha|f] 6f]Sy]F . pgsf] cufl8 t d v'66fdf afFw] klg
g;'xfpg] h:tf] nfUof] .
± ± ±
d}n] ljjfxdf cfdfnfO{ af]nfpg ;lsg lsgsL ljjfx rfF8} ug'{kg]{
eof] . ljjfx u/]/ 8]/fdf kms{]kl5 dfq cfdfnfO{ kmf]g nufP“ .
ptfaf6 cfjfh cfof] .
æx]nf] ÛÆ

150. æxh"/ cfdf, 9f]u u/]F .Æ
æefUodfgL eP;, s] 5 va/ <Æ
æcfdf, d}n] lrtjgsL c06LnfO{ ljjfx ul/;s]F . ljjfxdf
af]nfpg g;s]sf]df Ifdf rfxG5' . tkfO{ / efO{ ef]nLg}
xfdLnfO{ cflzjf{b lbg cfpg''; . xfdL snªsLdf tkfO{nfO{ lng
cfpF5f}F .Æ
d]/L b'nxLn] d]/f] lk7o'df Kof66 kf/L xfg]/ lj:tf/} elgg æs]
c06L eg]sf] <Æ
d}n] klg cfdfn] g;'Gg] u/L eg]“ æc06LnfO{ ljjfx u/]kl5 s]
eGg] t <Æ
pgn] jgfj6L l/; b]vfpFb} elgg æcF=====cF=====dg gk/]sf]
dfG5] .Æ
ptf cfdfn] x]nf]=======x]nf] ub{} x'g'x'GYof] . d}n] x]nf] eg]kl5 pxfFn]
eGg' eof] ætF}n] s] eg]sf] < sf] c06L;Fu ljjfx ul/; . c? sf]xL
gkfP/ c06LnfO{ ljjfx u/]/ kfk lsg af]ls;< ls 766f u/]sf] xf];<Æ
æ766f u/]sf] xf]Og cfdf, ;fFRr} eg]sf] x'F . tkfO{ ef]nL h;/L
klg cfpFg'k5{ . oxL cfPkl5 ;a}s'/f yfxf kfpFg'x'G5 .
xfdLnfO{ cflzjf{b lbg], sf7df8f}F klg x]g{] . h;/L klg cfpFgf]; .Æ d}
n] eg]“ / kmf]g /flvlbP“ .
clxn] xfdLn] ljjfx u/]sf] klg bz jif{ eO;Sof] . xfd|f] uf]bfj/
Ldf cfkmg} 3/ 5 . d]/f] b'Oj6f 5f]/fx? 5g, d]/L kTgL h:t} ;'Gb/ .
d]/L cfdf klg xfdL;Fu} x'g'x'G5 . efO klg ot} 5 . ¥ofn]rf}/sf] s66L
d66L a]r]/ efO{sf] nflu eg]/ csf{] 38]/L nlulbPsf] 5' . efOsf]
ljjfx cem} ePsf] 5}g . p;n] klg 6ofS;L rnfpF5 . d klg 6ofS;L
rnfpF5' . xfd|f cfkmg} uf8Lx? 5g . /ftLdf xfd|f] 3/sf] sDkfp08
leq b'O{j6f lrNnf uf8Lx? a;]sf x'G5g . ;+;f/df lj/n} dfG5]x?
alTt; nIf0fn] o'St ePsL kTgL kfpF5g xf]nf . dnfO{ cfOdfO{sf

151. alTt; nIf0fx? s] s] x'g yfxf 5}g, t/ d]/L kTgLdf tL ;a} nIf0fx?
5g eg]/ ljZjf; u/]sf] 5', d}n] .
clxn] klg s;};Fu kl/ro u/fpFbf d eGg] u5'{ ælrtjgsL
c06L, d]/L b'nxL .Æ
pgL klg p:t} tl/sfn] elG5g ædg gk/]sf] dfG5] .Æ
!#= ;?jf
p;sf] 9f8 / xftx? lgs} nfdf lyP t/ v'66fx? eg] lgs}
5f]6f . df]6fP/ es'08f] ePsf] z/L/, 5f]6f v'66f / nfdf] 9f8n]
ubf{ lx8bf abxfF; lxF8]h:t} u/L lx8Yof] . 7"n7"nf] cf]7, 5f]6f] lrp8f],
uf]nf] gfs, p7]sf] lgwf/ lyof] p;sf] . sfnf] k}G6, ;]tf / sfnf
wsf{ ePsf] ;6{, sfnf] O:6sf]6 / unfdf dxfb]jn] ;k{ a]/]h:t}
unjGbL a]/]sf], sfnf] r:df nufPsf], skfn 5f]6f] kf/L sf6]sf]
p;sf] :j?k ;s{;sf] hf]s/ h:tf] xfF;f] p7bf] lyof] . 7"nf] 6]a'nsf]
k5fl8sf] 3'Dg] sfnf] d]rdf a:bf cgf}7f] k|sf/sf] hGt' h:tf] b]lvg] /
fs]zsf] gfd eg] p;sf] :j?k;Fu lans'n} ldNb}gYof], czf]egLo
lyof] . p;sf] cfs[lt;Fu d]n vfg] gfd ;fob p;sf] lrgf x]g{]
Hof]ltifLn] 7DofPg xf]nf . gq eg] psf] gfd w'd{';, efn' k|;fb of
wDd/ w'; x'g ;SbYof] .
z}lIfs g]t[Tj ljsf; tflnd rln/x]sf] lyof] . z}lIfs tflnd
s]Gb| jL/]Gb|gu/ ;'v{]tsf] xndf tflndsf] klxnf] lbgsf] pb3f6g ;q
kl5 z];g ;q ;'? x'g nfusf] lyof] . tflnd xndf dWo klZrdf~rn
ljsf; If]qsf kGw| lhNnfsf pRr dfWolds ljbofnosf rfln; hgf
jl/i6 k|frfo{x? tflnddf ;xefuL lyP . k|lzIfssf] ?kdf /fli6«o
cGt/f{li6«o tflnd / ;]ldgf/x?df k|lzIfssf ?kdf sfo{ ul/ ;s]sf
Vofltk|fKt JolStx?, dGqfnosf ;lrjx?, lzIff ljbx?, cy{ljbx?sf]

152. gfd ?l6gdf n]lvPsf] lyof] . o;df tflnd s]Gb|sf k|lzIfsx?, pRr
dfWolds lzIff kl/ifbsf jl/i6 kbflwsf/Lx? / If]lqo lzIff
lgb{]zgfno ;'v{]tsf lgb{]zssf] klg gfd lyof] . tflnd laxfg 5
ah] ;'? eP/ a]n'sf 5 ah] ;Dd rNg]jfnf lyof] . lar lardf
vfgf / gf:tfsf] tflnd xnd} Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] . klxnf] lbgsf
k|yd b'O{j6f ;];gx? lyP If]lqo lzIff lgb{]zs /fs]zsf . p d]/f]
gft]bf/ lyof] . d]/L cfdfsL alxgL, d]/L ;fgL cfdfsf] 5f]/f] ePsf]n]
gftfn] efO kb{Yof] .
o;} lar sfo{qmd ;~rfns pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb g]kfn
uGh sfof{nosf k|d'v /d]zn] /fs]zsf] kl/ro u/fpFb} eg] æcfh o;
tflnd sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g'ePsf dWoklZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf
ljleGg pRr dfWolds ljbofnoaf6 cfpg' ePsf jl/i6 k|frfo{Ho"x?
cfh klxnf] lbgsf b'Oj6f sIffx? xfd|f] If]qsf If]qLo lzIff lgb{]zs /
fs]zHo"n] lng'x'g]5 . pxfFsf] VoftLsf] af/]df w]/}n] yfxf kfO;Sg' ePsf]
xf]nf . t/ klg s]xL s'/f atfpFbf cTo'lSt gxf]nf eGg] ljZjf; lnPsf]
5' . pxfF klg tkfO{x? h:t} klxn] bz jif{ ;Dd dfWolds ljbofnosf]
k|wfgfWofks eO{ sfo{ ul/;Sg' ePsf] / kl5 nf]s ;]jf kf; ul/
ljbofno lgl/Ifssf] ?kdf lzIff ;]jfdf k|j]z ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
xfn ;Dd pxfFn] ljleGg lhNnfdf lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Lsf] lhDd]jf/L
jxg ul/;Sg' ePsf] 5 . pxfF ljut b'O{ jif{ b]lv If]lqo lzIff
lgb{]zssf] pRr kbdf sfo{/t x'g'x'G5 . pxfF g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ljleGg
k'/:sf/ tyf kbsx?af6 ;DDfflgt eO;Sg' ePsf] / ljleGg b]zx?sf]
e|d0f ul/;Sg' ePsf] 5 . pxfF b]zs} Pshgf sd{7, :jR5 5lj ePsf,
OdfGbf/ / lgisnªs JolStsf] ?kdf kl/lrt of]Uo k|zf;s x'g'x'G5 .
pxfFsf] OdfGbfl/tf / cfly{s kf/blz{tfaf6 xfdLn] w]/} s'/fx?
l;Sg ;S5f}F . pxfFn] ev{/} /fHoaf6 @)^( ;fnsf] pTs[i6 sd{rf/L
k'/:sf/ ;d]t k|fKt ul/;Sg' ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf] pkl:yltn] xfd|f]
tflnd sfo{qmdsf] ul/df a9fPsf] 5 .Æ

153. dnfO{ nfUof] of] hGt'sf] olt w]/} k|z+;f ug'{sf] s'g} t's 5}g .
o;sf] sfnf] s/t't w]/}nfO{ yfxf x'g' kg{] xf] t/ xndf pkl:yt w]/}
h;f] k|frfo{x?n] p;sf] af/]df ;sf/fTds l6sf l6KkgL u/]sf] ;'lgof] .
pgLx? elg/x]sf lyP …pxfFsf] rl/qaf6 k'/} dWoklZrdf~rn ljsf;
If]qdf /fd|f] ;Gb]z hfg]5 . o:t} :jR5, OdfGbf/, st{Jo lgi6 sd{rf/
Lx? ;a} If]qdf x'g] xf] eg] b]zsf] k|zf;g tGqdf cfd"n kl/jt{g
x'g]5 .Ú
oL s'/fx?af6 dnfO{ yfxf eof] p;sf] cfGtl/s rl/q h:tf]
lyof], To:tf] aflx/ lyPg . h;n] ef]u]sf lyP, tL JolStn] s;}
nfO{ eg]sf lyPgg . c?nfO{ eg]/ k|rf/df gNofPkl5 h:tf] ;'s}
3[lgt s'/f klg n'Sbf]/x]5 eGg] nfUof] dnfO{ . of] hGt'n] s] k9fpF5
xf]nf eGg] v'nb'bnL klg nfUg yfNof] .
sfo{qmd ;~rfnssf] kl/ro kl5 p cfkmgf] l;6af6 p7of] /
af]8{ dfs{/ xftdf lnP/ af]8{df s]xL n]Vg yfNof] . v'66fsf] bfFhf]df
xft nfdf ePsf]n] p;sf xft x]bf{ cf]/fªu cf]/fªusf] ;Demgf tfhf
eP/ cfof] . p;n] df]6f] / ebbf cfjfhdf cfkmgf] egfO{ /fVg yfNof]
æo; tflnd sfoqmddf pkl:yt k|frfo{Ho"x? d]/f] gd:sf/ .Æ
;a}n] tfnL lk6]/ :jfut u/] . p;n] eGof] æd]/f] z];gsf] 6lks
5, æz}lIfs k|zf;gdf cfly{s kf/blz{tfsf] dxTj .Æ p;n]] af]8{df
zLif{s n]Vof] . 5f]6f v'66fn] ubf{ xjfO6 af]8{sf] cfwf efu eGbf dfly
p;n] n]Vg ;Sb}gYof] . p;sf] nlfu Ps ckg b'O{ af]8{ dfq sfddf
cfpg] eof] . dnfO{ nfUof]p;nfO{ prfn]/ 6]j'ndfly /flvlbpF, hxfFaf6
p;n] af]8{sf] k'/} efudf n]Vg ;sf]; t/ d}n] Tof] ul/g . p;n] af]8{df
xfF; xf] of v/fof] of Eofu'tf] of aªu'/, 5'6ofpg g;lsg] hGt'sf]
lrq agfof] . j/k/ pb'{ cIf/ h:t} b]lvg] s]/sf/ agfof] . Pp6f 6f]kL
h:tf] lrq 5]pdf agfP/ eGof] . æha ;Dd b]zdf cfly{s kf/blz{tf
x'Fb}g, ta ;Dd ToxfF e|i6frf/ n's]/ /x]sf] x'G5 . Pp6f /hxfF;n]

154. kmf]x/ kfgLaf6 sL/fx? 5fg]/ lnP h:t} xfdLn] e|i6rf/LnfO{ lgsfn]/
kmfNg'k5{ . clg dfq ToxfF cfly{s kf/blz{tf afFsL /xG5 .Æ
p;sf] egfOaf6 yfxf eof] sL p;n] agfPsf] lrq /hxfF;sf] /
kmf]x/ kfgLsf] /x]5 . p;nfO{ lbOPsf] 6lks / p;sf] egfO{df st}
tfnd]n lyPg . p;n] z];gsf] s'g} tof/L u/]sf] lyPg . p;n] lbPsf]
pbfx/0fn] s] eG5, p;nfO{ g} yfxf lyPg . ;fFRr} eGg] xf] eg]
p;nfO{ cfly{s kf/blz{tf, z}lIfs k|zf;g, cfly{s k|zf;gsf af/]df
s]xL yfxf lyPg xf]nf . kf/blz{tfsf] dxTj emg s] yxf kfcf]; . p
eGb} uof] æcd]l/sf / a]nfotdf cfly{s kf/blz{tfn] klxn] b]lv g} h/f
uf8]sf] 5 . ToxfFsf ;8sx? ;kmf 5g, Jojl:yt 5g . ToxfF ;8sdf
xhf/f}F uf8Lx? u'8L/x] klg ;8s b'3{6gf x'Fb}g lsgsL 6«flkms
lgod ;a}n] kfngf u/]sf 5g . ejgx? lgs} cUnf 5g . ;f}rfno /
jfy?dx?df kfgL cfpg] l;:6d g} yfxf kfpg sl7g x'G5 .======Æ
p;sf] s'/faf6 yfxf eof] sL p;n] ;+o'St /fHo cd]l/sf
a]nfot, hfkfg / ef/tsf] e|d0f u/]sf] /x]5 . xfdL g]kfnLn] s/ lt/
sf] k};faf6 o:t} d'v{ k|zf;sx?nfO{{ ljb]z e|d0f u/fpFg] ;/sf/ k|lt
klg 3[gf hfu]/ cfof] dnfO{ . p;n] o:t} l;ª g k'R5/sf ugyg u/]/
;do s6fO/x]sf] lyof] . bz jif{ ;Dd dfWolds ljbofnosf] k|
wfgfWofks ePsf] ;dodf s] k9fpYof] xf]nf p;n] < cfkmg} :jf:gL /
5f]/f5f]/Lsf] s'/f u/]/, k|z+;f u/]/ t s6fpYof] xf]nf ;do . p;n]
nf]s;]jf kf; u/]sf] b]v]/ t dnfO{ nf]s;]jf k|lt klg ljZjf; x/fpg
nfu]sf] lyof] . of]Uo k|zf;s eg]sf] s] xf] < of] b]zsf dflg;x?
NffO{ yfxf g} 5}g . aflx/L jftfj/0f, cfj/0f tyf eg;'gsf e/df, /
fhg}lts cf:yfsf cfwf/df k'/:sf/ / kbsx? k|bfg ulG5 / jf:tljs
cWoog ul/b}g eGg] s'/f /fs]zn] kfPsf] k'/:sf/ / kbsaf6 yfxf
kfOGYof] . p;n] ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnx?nfO{ t d"v{ agfPsf] lyof]
lyof] ;/sf/nfO{ klg d"v{ agfPsf] lyof] . cfkm" klg d"v{ lyof] .
c? ;a}nfO{ d"v{ agfPsf] lyof] .

155. s'/f kFfr jif{ klxn]sf] xf], p alb{of lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf]
xflsd lyof] cyf{t lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Lsf] s'l;{df lj/fhdfg lyof] .
d]/L efGhL b}n]v ;b/d'sfdsf] Pp6f k|fylds txsL :yfoL lzIfs
lyOg . pgsf] ljjfx alb{ofdf ePsf]n] alb{ofsf] wwjf/ uflj;sf]
Pp6f :s'ndf pgsf] ;?jf ug'{lyof] . b'a}lt/sf] ljbofno
Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ;xdtL lbO;s]sf] lyof] . b}n]v lhNnf lzIff
sfof{non] klg ;xdlt lbO;s]sf] lyof] . ;Dk"0f{ sfuhkq
ldln;s]sf] / alb{of lhNnfdf d]/f] cfkmg} ;flgdfsf] 5f]/f lhNnf lzIff
clwsf/L ePsf]n] ;lhn} sfd x'G5 eGg] ck]Iff ;lxt d
ef~hLNffO{ lnP/ lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, u'nl/ofdf k'u]F . xfdL
sfof{nodf k'Ubf :6fkm a}7s rln/x]sf] 5 eGg] hfgsf/L kfPkl5 d}n]
lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L;Fu e]6 ug{sf] nflu krf{ n]v]/ lkogsf] xftdf
ydfP“ . gftf v'n]/ rfF8} sfd xf]; eg]/ d}n] cfkmgf] gfd, y/, 7]ufgf
;a} n]v]sf] lyP“ krf{df . t/ Tof] krf{n] s'g} sfd u/]g . ltg
306fsf] kvf{Okl5 a}7s ;lsPsf] ;"rgf kfP/ d leq l5/]F . d}n] ;?
jfsf nflu rflxg] ;a} sfuhkqx? 6]j'ndf /fv]/ ;f]kmfdf a;]F .
ef~hL klg d]/f] 5]pdf al;g . p;n] cfwf 306f ;Dd sfuhx?
cf]N6fO{ kN6fO{ x]¥of] . xfdL cw}o{ eP/ r'krfk p;sf] cg'xf/ lgofNb}
a:of}F . klxn] t d lrof lkpg kfOg] cfzfdf lyP t/ Tof] cfzf Joy{}]
uof] . p j8f] ulDe/ b]lvGYof] / af]Nbf df]n knf{ eg] em} r'krfk
sfuhx? xb}{ lyof] dfgf}F Gofolw;n] d'bbf km};nf ug'{ cl3 ldl;nsf]
cWoog ub{}5g . w]/}j]/sf] kvfO{kl5 p;sf] jf0fL km'6of] æbfO{ cfh d
cln yfs]sf] 5' . d ;a} sfuhkqx? /fd|f];Fu x]5'{ . csf{] lbg cfpgf];
, sfd eOxfN5 .Æ
p;n] kTo]s sfuh b'O{ ltg k6s kN6fP/ x]l/;s]sf] lyof] .
cem} s] x]g{ afFsL 5 xf]nf < ;a} s'/f lzIff P]g, lgod cg';f/ b'?:t
5 . t} klg csf{]lbg lsg ;f/]sf] xf]nf < vfnL kfFr bz ldg]6sf] s'/f

156. t xf] . d}n] dgdg} ;f]Fr] / k|i6df eg]“ æefO{, d g]kfn uGh b]lv
ljbofnodf ljbf lnP/ cfPsf] 5' . ToxfF klg w]/} sfdx? x'G5g . ljbf
klg slt lbg lnpF < lgodfg';f/ ;a} sfuhkqx? b'?:t 5g . olt
sfd ug{ slt ;do nfUg] xf] / < clxn] rf/ ah]sf] 5 . l6KkgL
p7fP/ lr77L n]Vg] t xf] . o;df To:tf] uxg cWoog ug'{kg{] t s]xL
5}g . kmfF6jfnfnfO{ l6KkgL p7fpg elgb]p . xfdLn] lrof lkpFb}
ubf{ sfd e}xfN5 . s;f] <Æ
p;n] snj]n lyRof] . lkog cfPkl5 p;nfO{ eGof] æof] kmfOn p
Tof] b/fhdf /fv / uf8L tof/ ug{ eg 8«fOe/nfO{ .Æ
xfd|f] kmfOn b/fhdf /fVg nufP/ cf;gaf6 p7b} eGof] æ;?jf
h:tf] sfd, cflTtP/ x'Fb}g . a8f] xf]; k'¥ofP/ ug'{k5{ . clxn] tkfO{x?
hfgf]; . b'O{ lbg kl5 cfpg'xf]nf . dnfO{ csf{] h?/L sfddf aflx/
hfg' 5 .Æ
s]lx If0f cl3 yfs]sf] 5' eGg] dfG5] cf/fd gu/]/ k'gM uf8L r9]/
uof] . xfdL klg dlng cg'xf/ nufpFb} g]kfn uGh kmSof{}+ . To;sf] b'O{
lbgkl5 z'qmaf/ ePsf]n] Ps}k6s cfOtjf/ b;} ah] lhNnf lzIff
sfof{no u'nl/ofdf hfg] larf/ u/]/ d}n] efGhLnfO{ eg]“ æltdL lsg
b'v kfpF5of} / < cfOtjf/ d g} uP/ of] sfd u5'{ . sfd eof] eg]
kq d s;}sf] xftdf k7fO{ lbpFnf . ltdL 3/ hfp .Æ
eflGh 3/ uO{g . pgsf >Ldfg wwjf/d} df}/L kfng ul/ a:y]F .
cfOtaf/sf] lbg d bz} ah] sfof{nodf k'u]F . p sl/j P3f/ ah] cfof]
/ s';L{df lj/fhdfg eof] . km]/L ToxL ;?jfsf] kmfOg lgsfn]/
x]g{ yfNof] . sl/j cfwf 306fsf] cWoog kl5 eGof], æbfO{, ;?Jff h:tf]
s'/f lgod k'¥ofP/ ug{'k5{ . c? ;a} sfuhkqx? l7s 5g . ;?
jf ;xdltdf 5f8g] ljbofnosf] ljbofno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf
cWoIfsf] 5fk nfu]sf] 5}g . b:tvt dfq 5 . of] ;xL u/]sf] 7fpFdf

157. 5fk nufP/ Nofpg eGg'xf]nf . sfd ePs} ;Demg'xf]; . tkfO{ gcfpFbf
klg x'G5 . slt b'Mv kfpg'x'G5 < c? s;}nfO{ k7fpFbf klg x'G5 .Æ
d}n] eg“] æefO{ kxf8sf ljbofnox?df ljbofno
Joj:yfkg ;ldlt cWoIfsf] 5fk g} agfPsf x'Fb}gg . olt ;fgf] s'/fdf
slt b'Mv lbG5f} < d]/f] ;?jf x'Fbf klg cWoIfsf] 5fk nu]sf] lyPg .
afFs]df d]/f] ;?jf eof] . olt sfd ul/b]p .Æ
p;n] c“em ulDe/ ePsf] clego ub{} eGof] æbfO{, lgodsf] s'/f]
xf], dfG5] lrg]/ ePg . sfuh af]Ng' k5{ . Tof] geP ;Dd sfd
ug{ ;lsb}g, s/ gugf{]; .Æ
sfd ePg . d 3/ kms{] . efGhLnfO{ Tof] kmfOn lbP/ ljbofno
Joj:yfkg ;ldlt cWoIfsf] 5fk nufpg 5'6]sf]n] 5fk nufP/ Nofpg
eg]“ . k'gM kmfOn b}n]v k'Uof] . ToxfFaf6 kmfOn cfPkl5 bz lbgkl5
k'gM alb{of uP/ kmfOn lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L /fs]znfO{ lbP“ . p;n]
kmfOn dnfO{ g} lkmtf{ ub{} eGof] æd}n] egL;s]sf] 5', uP/ kmfF6jfnfnfO{
e]6gf];, kmfOn klg p;}nfO{ lbgf]; .Æ
e'O{ tnfsf] k'j{tkm{, ljbofno k|zf;g kmfF6 k|fylds zfvf,
eGg] ;}gaf]8{ e'lG8Psf] sf]7fdf k;]F . ToxfF w]/} lzIfsx?sf] 3'Orf]
lyof] . 3'Orf]nfO{ l5rf]Nb} kmfF6jfnfsf] glhs k'u]F . kmfF6jfnf xftdf
l;l6hg jfr, sfnf] r:df, lgnf] e]i6 / lhG;df lyof] . p;n] skfn
5f]6f] kf/L sf6]sf] lyof] . bfFof sfgdf 6k nufPsf] Tof] JolSt lxGbL
l;g]dfsf] len]gsf] rDrf h:tf] b]lvGYof] . p;sf] cufl8sf] d]rdf
Pshgf JolSt a;]sf] lyof] . d}n] a:g] 7fpF gkfP/ pleP/} kmfOn
p;nfO{ lbFb} eg] æafa', of] kmfOn xflsd ;fjn] oxfF k7fpg' ePsf]
5 . n em66 of] sfd ul/lbgf]; t ÛÆ
p;n] kmfOn ;dft]/ kN6fof] / eGof] æP of] uLtf v8sfsf]
kmfOn < b}n]vaf6 alb{of cfpFg vf]h]sf] xf]Og <Æ
æxf], xf], ToxL kmfOn xf] .Æ d}n] pT;flxt x'Fb} eg“] .

158. p cfkmgf] l;6af6 p7of] / eGof] ætkfO{ w]/} l9nf cfpFg' ef] . of]
sfd t c:tL g} x'g]jfnf lyof] . otf leq cfp“gf]; t ÛÆ
p leqlt/ lx8of] . d p;sf] kl5 kl5 nfu]F . xfdL ljbofno k|
zf;g kmfF6sf] leq csf{] sf]7fdf uofF} . ToxfF Pp6f vfnL 6]j'n /
To;sf] jl/kl/ rf/j6f d]rx? lyP . sf]7f s]xL cFWof/f] lyof] . 9f]sfdf
xl/of] kbf{ nfu]sf] lyof] . xfdL b'j} d]rdf a;]kl5 p;n] eGof]
æxflsd ;fk xh'/sf efO{ kg'{ x'g] /x]5 . To;}n] lrofkfgsf nflu
krf; xhf/ eP k'U5, eGg' ePsf] 5 . gq eg] o:tf] ;?jfsf nflu
8]9 b'O{ nfv lbg] u/]sf 5g c?n] . Tolt /sd Nofpg' ePsf] 5 eg]
d clxn] g} kq tof/ ul/lbG5' . 5}g eg] /sdsf] hf]xf] u/]/ ef]nL
cfpg' eP x'G5 .Æ
dnfO{ emgSs l/; p7of] . 6fpsf] eGg 3'd] h:tf] eof] . of]
hGt'n] cfkmgf cfkmGtnfO{ ;Dd g5f]8g] /x]5 c?;Fu emg s:tf]
Jojxf/ u5{xf]nf < eGg] nfUof] . d dfWolds ljbofnosf] k|wfgfWofks
ePsf] bz jif{ e};Sof] . o:tf k|sf/sf w]/} sfdx? klxn] klg w]/} ul/
Psf] xf] . lzIf0f k]zfsf] la; jif{ cjlwdf o;/L xfsfxfsL 3'; dfu]sf]
yfxf lyPg . sfd ;DkGg ePkl5 v'l;n] gf:tf kfgL ug'{ cnu s'/f
xf] . d]/f] lzIf0f k];fsf] cjlwdf b;f}F hgf lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Lx?;Fu
Jojxf/ ug'{ k/]sf] eP klg o:tf] Jojxf/ s;}n] u/]sf lyPgg . a?
cfkmgf] gftf gkg]{ JolSt ePsf] eP ;lhn} sfd x'GYof] xf]nf . d s]xL
af]Ng ;lsg . emu8f klg ul/g lsgsL cfkmg} efOsf] a]OHhtL ug'{ /
fd|f] nfu]g . of] s'/f d]/L cfdfn] yfxf kfPdf s] ;f]Rg'xf]nf eGg]
nfUof] . ;flgdf xfd|f] 3/df cfpFbf b'O{ alxgL slt v';L eP/ xfF:b}
s'/f ug'{x'G5 / Ps k|f0f eP h:tf] Jojxf/ ug'{x'G5 . of] ;DaGw t of]
hGt'nfO{ klg yfxf gePsf] xf]Og t/ dfG5]sf] cf–cfkmgf] k|j[lTt x'G5 .
p;sf] o:t} /fIf;L k|j[lTt lyof], u¥of] t/ d}n] s]xL ug{ ;lsg . d}n]
Tof] kmfOn 6]a'naf6 p7f“P / sfof{noaf6 aflx/ lg:s]“ . afOs :6f6{

159. u/]/ g]kfn uGhlt/ xflgPF . 3/df cfPkl5 ef~hLnfO{ kmf]g u/]/ eg]
æd}n] ltd|f] sfd u/fpg ;lsg . cfP/ kmfOn n}hfpm / cfk}m k|of;
u/ .Æ
To;sf] Ps b'O{ lbgkl5 cfP/ ef~hLn] cfkmgf] kmfOn lnP/
uOg . pgL cfk}m Ps k6s k|of; u5'{ eg]/ alb{of k'u]/ /fs]zsf]
cfjf;d} k'u]/ e]l65g . p;n] eg]5 æxl/x/ bfO{ d;Fu s'/f g} gu/L
efu]/ hfg' eP5 . o:tf] ;fgf] ltgf] sfdsf] nflu ltdLn] b'Mv kfpg'
kg]{ lyPg . bfOsf] ef~hL ePkl5 d]/L klg t ef~hL g} eof} . 8]/fdf
d cfh PSn} 5' . cfh d};Fu a; . ef]nL g} lr77L tof/ ul/lbpFnf .
d}n] clxn] ;Dd t?gL cfOdfO{sf] sfd ubf{ Ps k};f lnPsf] 5}g .
ltdL d;Fu a:bf dfG5]n] ;+sf klg ug]{ 5}gg lsgsL xfdL dfdf–
ef~hL xf}F .Æ
pgn] elg5g ætkfO{FnfO{ o:tf] kftsL s'/f ;f]Rg clnslt klg
nfh nfu]g < dnfO{ tkfO{F h:tf] l3gnfUbf] JolSt;Fu ;'t]/ ;?jf x'g'5}
g .Æ
pgn] Tof] kmfOn ToxL kmfn]/ ?Fb} p;sf] sf]7faf6 lgl:s5g .
kl5 ;fFem ?Fb} ;a} s'/f d;Fu atfOg . k]m/L b}n]vd} uP/ k9fpg
yflng . To;sf] 5 ;ft dlxgfkl5 alb{ofaf6 /fs]zsf] ;?jf eof]
eGg] ;'g“] . d gofF lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L cfPkl5 Ps k6s k]m/L
alb{of k'u]/ ;?jfsf] s'/f /fv]F . pgn] ;xh} x'G5 eg]kl5 d}n]
ef~hLnfO{ sfuhkq k7fOlbg eg]“ t/ pgL cfpg] eg]sf] l;6df gofF
lzIfs lgo'lSt eO{ ;s]5 . lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L cfk}mn] gofF
lzIfsnfO{ p;sf] 3/ kfos kg]{ 7fpFdf ;f/]/ ef~hLsf] ;lhn} ;?jf
ul/ lbP“ .
kf]x/;fn kf] s;n] ;'gfof] sL /fs]z t If]lqo lzIff lgb]{zs
eP/ ;'v]{t cfPsf] 5 /] Û clxn] t k|ToIf cfkmg} cufl8 :jR5 5lj
ePsf], st{Aolgi6 OdfGbf/ JolStsf] ?kdf efif0f lbO/x]5 .

160. dnfO{ nfUof] …of] b]zdf o:t} e|i6frf/L, sfdrf]/ / b'i6 JolStx?sf]
af]njfnf ePs}n] xfdL ;+;f/sf] ;aeGbf lgw{g b]zsf duGt] hgtf
ePsf xf}F .Ú
!#= ldqtf
g]kfnuGh n]kfns} lgs} udL{ x'g] 7fpF xf], t/ oxfFsf]] hf8f] klg vkL
g;Sg' x'G5 . d+l;/ kGw| b]lv df3 kGb| ;Dd cToGt hf8f] x'G5 . o; kfln
klg cToGt hf8f] ePsf] lyof] . d+l;/ kGw| b]lv kf}if dlxgfsf] rf}w ut] ;Dd
lbge/ 3fdsf] d'v b]Vg kfOPsf] lyPg . zLt nx? rln/x]sf] lyof] . afSnf]
x':;' / s'lx/f]n] ubf{ rf]srf]sdf dflg;x? cfuf] afn]/ tfkL/x]sf b]lvGy] . k|
fOe]6 a}+sx? / cfO{=Pg=lh=cf]=x?df Po/ sG8L;g ePklg cGo sfof{nox?df
hf8f]n] sfd ug{ sl7g lyof] . s'g} s'g} sfof{nodf xflsdsf] sfo{sIfdf lx6/
sf] ;'ljwf ePklg xfd|f] sfof{nodf Tof] ;'ljwf lyPg . lbge/ sfof{nodf
hf8f]n] s7ofªu|LP/ sfd ug'{ kYof]{ . 8]/fdf kms{]kl5 l;/s 5f]8g dg} nfUb}
gYof] . laxfg gf} ah] ;Dd klg l;/s cf]9]/ al;GYof] . gf} ah]kl5 aNn s/}n]
l;/saf6 lg:sg' kYof]{ . xftd'v wf]P/ vfgf vfP/ sfof{no hfg ;w}+ xtf/
x'GYof] . g'xfpg klg ;lsb}gYof], hf8f]n] . Tof] lbg klg d l;/s leq a;]/
cGtf]g r]vjsf] …5]kf/f]Ú eGg] syf k9L/x]sf] lyPF . leTtfsf] 38Ln] cf7 ahfO{
/x]sf]n] /]l8of] jfu]Zj/L PkmPdsf] ;dfrf/ a'n]l6g k|;f/0f eO/x]sf] lyof] t/
d]/f] Wofg ;dfrf/ eGbf syfd} s]Gb|Lt lyof] . PsfPs ;dfrf/
a'n]l6gdf ;'Gb/L yfkf eGg] gfd pRrf/0f ePkl5 d]/f] Wofg Tot} cfsflif{t
eof] . syf k9g 5f]8]/ /f]l8of]af6 k|;fl/t ;dfrf/ Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg yfn“] .
To;df ;dfrf/ cfO/x]sf] lyof] …g]kfn uGhsf] ljkL rf]sdf clxn]
laxfg ;ft ah] dfnjfxs ef/tLo 6«sn] 7Ss/ lbFbf Pshgf ;fOsn ofqLsf]
d[To' ePsf] 5 . d[To' x'g]df hfh/sf]6 3/ eO{ g]kfn uGhdf 8]/f u/L a:g]
cGbfhL rf}lj; jif{sL ;'Gb/L yfkf ePsf] k'li6 ePsf] 5 .Ú
ca d]/f] cN5Lkg / hf8f] eflu;s]sf] lyof] . d]/f] d'6' 9's9's eof] .
dnfO{ lah'nLsf] s/]G6 nfu] em}F em6sf nfUof] . d]/f] dgdf cfof] …cf]xf] Û
s'g ;'Gb/L yfkf xf]nLg < d]/} sfof{nosL vl/bf/ ;'Gb/L yfkf t xf]Ogg <Ú
k':ts / l;/s Psflt/ x'TofpFb} g]kfn uGh gl;{ªxf]dsf d]l8sn ;'kl/
G6]G8]G6 k|sfznfO{ kmf]g nufP“ . ptfaf6 cfjfh cfof] æx]nf] ÛÆ

161. æx]nf] k|sfzhL, tkfO{sf] x:kL6n glhs} s]xL j]/ cl3 Pp6f ;jf/L
b'3{6gf eP5 . ev{/ :yfgLo /]l8of]sf] ;dfrf/df ;'g]F . s] s'g}
dlxnfnfO{ ToxfF nfOPsf] 5 <Æ
æxf] /fh s'df/hL, ev{/ Pp6f dlxnfsf] ;j oxfF NofOPsf] 5 . d
glhs} 5' . pgsf] 36gf :ynd} d[To' eO;s]sf] /x]5 . pgsf] ;fyaf6 ;'Gb/L
yfkf gfdsf] sd{rf/L kl/rokq e]l6Psf] 5 . kf]i6df6{d ug{] tof/Ldf 5f}F .Æ
PsIf0f /f]lsP/ pgn] eg] æcF /fhs'df/hL, ;'Ggf]; t . pgsf] kl/ro kq
clxn] d]/} xftdf 5 . o;df tkfOs} clkm;sf] gfd n]lvPsf] 5 . To;}n] pgL
tkfOs} :6fkm x'g'k5{ .Æ
d xTt kTt n'uf nufP/, uf8L lgsfn]/ gl;{ª xf]dlt/ nfu]“ . ToxfF
dfG5]sf] lgs} 3'FOrf] nfu]sf] lyof] . 3'Orf] l5rf]Nb} uf8L kfls{ª u/]/ xl:k6n
leq k'u]F . ToxfF gl;{ª xf]dsf d]l8sn ;'k/LG6]G8 k|sfznfO{ e]6F] . pg}n]
kf]i6{df6{d ug{] 7fpF ;Dd k'¥ofP . 6«ssf] 7Ss/n] tL dlxnfsf] cg'xf/
glrlgg] u/L lslrPsf] lyof] . pgsf] sk8faf6 d}n] :ki6 lrg“] sL pgL d]/}
sfof{nosL vl/bf/ ;'Gb/L yfkf lyOg .
pg} ;'Gb/L Û gfd ;'Gb/L ePklg ;'Gb/ eg] lyOgg . ;fFjnf] /+u, kfFr
km'6 prfO{, gfs, cfFvf, sfg, cf]7 / lrp8f] l7s} ePsL, sfnf]
skfn / ;'xfpbf bfFt ePsL xf]rL xf]rL, df]6L df]6L s'?k eGg gldNg] 5lAa;
aif{ pd]/ ePsL ;fdfGo dlxnf . Ps 5f]/f / Ps 5f]/LsL cfdf, nf]Ug]
kxf8lt/} lzIf0f k]zf ug]{ ePsf]n] 5f]/f5f]/L cfkm};Fu /fv]/ k9fpg] u/]sL, 8]/f
u/L a:g] pg} ;'Gb/L yfkf If]qL . pgsf 5f]/f5f]/L ho jfu]Zj/L :s"ndf
k9y] . 5f]/L kfFr aif{sL, 5f]/f tLg aif{sf] . d]/f] dgdf pgn] u/]sf ;a}
lqmofsnfkx? l;g]dfsf] l/n em}F Pskl5 csf]{ u/L cfpg yfn] .
d g]kfn u~hsf] of] sfof{nosf] xflsd eP/ cfPsf] clxn] tLgaif{ k'Ub}
lyof] . d of] sfof{nodf xflh/ ePsf] tLg dlxgf kl5 g} pgL klg Ko"7fg
lhNnfaf6 ;?jf e} cfPsL lyOg . sfof{nodf xflh/ ePs} lbg d]/f]
sfo{sIfdf cfP/ cfkmgf] kl/ro ;lxt s]xL ljj/0fx? atfPsL lyOg . d}n]
gd:sf/ kmsf{pg' afx]s s]xL k|ltlqmof hgfOg . cfkm" rf/ aif{ cl3 nf]s;]jf
kf; u/]/ klxnf] lgo'lQm Ko"7fgd} lnPsL / rf/aif{ ToxL lhNnfdf a;]/ xfn
cfkm}n] ;?jf dfu]/ g]kfn u+h cfPsf] nufot c? klg s] s] ;'gfPsL

162. lyOg . d}n] w]/} s'/fdf Wofg lbOg lsgsL d cfkmg} sfddf Ao:t lyPF . d}n]
pgsf] s'/fdf rf;f] glbPkl5 pgL klg sltv]/ p7]/ uO5g yfxf g} ePg .
;do laTb} hfFbf pgL k|lt d]/f] ?rL a9g yfNof] . pgL ;w} sfof{nodf
bz aHg'eGbf cl3 g} k'lUyg / cfkmgf] sfddf nflUyg . d cfkmgf]
sfo{sIfdf k|j]z u/]kl5 s]xL 5'§} yk sfd 5 sL eg]/ ;f]Wg cfpFlyg . cfkm"
eGbf dflyNnf txsf sd{rf/Lx?;Fu klg cfjZos lgb{]zg / ;Nnfx lnlGyg .
;fFem sfof{nosf ;a} sd{rf/Lx? uO{ ;s]kl5 klg kfFr bz ldg]6 kl5 g}
sfof{noaf6 lg:slGyg . s]xL sfd ;lsPg eg] Tof] sfd g;lsP ;Dd
hfGglyg . lkognfO{ 9f]sf aGb ug{ xtf/ eO;s]sf] x'GYof] . cg'xf/ sfnf] eP
klg bLn pHofnf] ePsL, OdfGbf/, st{Jo lgi6 / nugzLn lyOg . w]/} s'/f}6]
gePklg cfkmgf] s'/f :ki6;Fu ljj/0f ;lxt /fVblyg . cfkmgf c;xdltx?
ts{k"0f{ tl/sfn] l;i6tfk"j{s /fVg] uly{g . c;lhnf sfdx? klg w}o{k'j{s ug{
cl3 ;ly{g . s'g} klg sfd nufpFbf slxn] klg gfO{ eGb}glyg . ;kmf / /fd|f
cIf/df :ki6 tl/sfn] n]lVyg / uNtL sd}dfq ub{lyg . sfof{nosL uxgf
eGg ldNg] b]zeSt sd{rf/L lyOg, pgL . d}n] b]zn] Pp6f /fd|f] sd{rf/L
u'dfPsf] dxz'; u/]F .
Ps lbg clkm; labf ePkl5 kfFr ah]/ laz ldg]6 x'Fbf d}n] pgsf]
sfo{sIfdf lrofPF . pgL cFem} sfd ul//x]sL lyOg . d}n] eg] æ;'Gb/LhL, slt
sfd ug'{x'G5 < eof] ca, hfgf]; . 5f]/f5f]/L ef]sfP xf]nfg .Æ
pgn] n]lv/x]sf] /lhi6/af6 6fpsf] p7fP/ dlt/ x]b}{ elgg æ;/, cfh
gu/] klg of] sfd ef]nL dnfO{{ g} ug'{ k5{ . sfd ;fFrL cfkm"nfO{, vfgf ;fFrL
c?nfO{ eG5g . To;}n] sfd g;sL hfg} dg nfUb}g .Æ
æ:s'naf6 5f]/f5f]/L cfPkl5 sf];Fu a:5g t <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
pgn] km]/L n]Vg ;'? ub{} dlt/ gx]/]/} elgg æ;/ 8]/f :s'nsf] glhs}
5 . af6f] sf6g' klg kb{}g . To;}n] :s'n hfg cfpFg ;d:of 5}g . 8]/fdf
Pp6f s]6L 5 . p;}n] gf:tf agfP/ v'jfpF5] . ;a} sfd u5{] . km/s kb}{g .Æ
d}n] eg]“ ætkfO cfkm} olt 8o"6Lkm"n x'g'x'G5 . nfugzLn,
st{Jolgi6 / kl/>dL x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{F;Fu a:g] s]6L klg tkfO{ h:t} k/
L>dL / st{Jolgi6 gx'g] s'/} ePg .Æ PsIf0f /f]lsP/ d}n] km]/L eg“]
ælx8gf]; cfh d]/f] cfjf;df hfp“ . lrof klg vfpFnf, d]/f] Dof8d;Fu
lrgfklr{ klg u/fO{lbp“nf .Æ

163. pgL v';L eP/ kmfOn, /lhi6/ / sfuhkq b/fhdf /fVb} d]/f] kl5
nflug, cfkmgf] n]8Lj8{ ;fOsn 8f]¥ofpFb} .
d]/f] 3/ c3f{vfFrL . la; jif{ cl3 nf]s;]jf kf; u/]/ gf;' kbaf6
lghfdtL ;]jfdf k|j]z u/]sf] lyPF . of] ;ftf}F lhNnf lyof] . clxn] /
fhkqfªlst lålto >]0fLsf] sd{rf/L . k}+rfln; jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf] kftnf] cUnf]
dfG5] . ;Gtfg b'O{j6f 5f]/fx? dfq, hf] pRr lzIffsf nflu sf7df8f}F lt/
uPsf lyP . hxfF hfFbf klg kTgL ;Fu} lnP/ hfg] afgL lyof] . d]/f] cfjf;
sfof{nos} xftfleq klZrd k66L lyof] . xfdL cfjf;df k'Ubf d]/L kTgLn]
lrof gf:tf tof/ u/]sL lyOg .
eb|tf / lzi6tf ;'Gb/Lsf] hGdhft u'0f lyof] xf]nf . d]/L kTgL;Fu
pgsf] enfs';f/L eof] . lrof lkpFb} ubf{ afnssfn, ljjfx, 3/ kl/jf/,
dfOtL, 5f]/f5f]/L cflb ljifodf /dfOnf] s'/fsfgL u/] b'a}n] .
To;sf] s]xL lbgkl5 cfkmgf] klt cfPsf] df}sf kf/L ;'Gb/Ln]
dnfO{ cfkmgf] 8]/fdf vfgsf nflu lgDtf ul/g . dnfO{ ToxfF hfg dg nfu]g
lsgsL cfkm"eGbf d'lgsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] s'g} s'/f vfg', lkpg' x'b}g eGg] d]/
f] ;f]rfO{ lyof] . csf{] lbg km]/L >Ldfg >LdtL g} cfP/ lgs} s/ u/]kl5 xfdL
klt kTgL g} pt} vfg]u/L uofF} . Pp6f a]8?d / ;fgf] lsr]gdf ;fdfGo a;fO{
lyof] . sf]7f /fd|f];Fu ldnfPsf], n'ufkmf6f] / a]8 lj:t/f lrl6Ss kf/]sf]
lyof] . Pp6f 6]j'n / rf/j6f Knfli6ssf d]rx? lyP lsr]gdf . ToxfF Pp6f
8f]/Lsf] vl6of p7fP/ leTtfdf c8ofOPsf] lyof] . To;df sfd ug{] s]6L ;'Tg]
uyL{ xf]nf . lsr]gdf UofF; r'Nxf] / s]xL efF8fs'8fx? lyP . a]8?dsf
emofnx?df u'nfjL kbf{x? nfu]sf lyP .
pgsf nf]Ug] hfh/sf]6 bNnLsf :yfoL afl;Gbf /x]5g . pgL ToxLs}
pRr dfWolds ljbofnodf k|frfo{sf] kbdf sfo{/t lyP . g]kfn uGhdf 3/
agfpg] larf/n] kTgLsf] ;?jf ot} dfu]sf eGy]F . 38]/L klxn] g} lslg;s]sf]
s'/f uy{] sf/sfFbf]lt/ . ;f9] kfFr km'6 prfO{sf :j:y / x[i6k'i6 z/L/ ePsf
;fdfGo dfG5] lyP . vfgf /fd|} agfPsL lyOg ;'Gb/Ln] . lgs} :jfut ;Tsf/
u/] b'a}n] . xfdL Tof] lbg vfgf vfP/ ;fFem gf} ah]lt/ 8]/flt/ kmls{of}F .
;'Gb/L lgs} ldtJooL lyOg . l/S;f slxn} r9lbglyg . g]kfn uGh ;?
jf x'g] ljlTts} ;fOsn rnfpg l;s]sL lyOg / htf klg cfkmgf]
n]l8j8{ ;fOsnd} hflGyg . ;fOsn ;w}F pgsf] ;fyL ag]sf] lyof,] dfgf}

164. F ;fOsn / pgsf] z/L/ Pscfk;df 6fFl;Psf lyP . ToxL ;fOsnn] cfh
pgsf] Hofg klg lnO{lbof] .
kmfu'gsf] dlxgf xf]nL kl5sf] Ps lbg clkm; 5'66L x'g] ;dodf pgL
d]/f] sfo{sIfdf cfP/ pleOg . d}n] pgLlt/ x]/]/ ;f]w]F æs]xL sfd lyof] sL <Æ
æef]nL Ps lbg 5'66L rflxPsf] lyof] .Æ pgn] elgg .
ælsg <Æ d}n] k'gM ;f]w]F .
æef]nL laxfg} sf]xnk'/ dfdfsf] 3/df hfg' 5 . ;fFem ;Dd kmls{xfN5' .Æ
pgn] ;xh efjdf elgg .
d]/f] klg ;f]xL lbg sf]xn k'/d} Pp6f sfo{qmddf hfg' lyof] . To;}n] d}
n] eg“] æef]nL laxfg dnfO{ klg sf]xn k'/d} hfg' 5 . lsg ;fOsndf b'Mv
kfpg'x'G5 < ljxfg ;ft ah] cflkm;d} cfpg'xf]nf, ;Fu} hfpFnf clkm;s}
uf8Ldf .Æ
æx'G5, To;f] eP t emg /fd|f] eof] . d xh"/;Fu} hfG5' .ÆeGb} pgL
aflx/ lgl:sOg .
ef]nLkN6 clkm;sf] u]6df pgL dnfO{ kv]{sL lyOg . uf8Ldf d}n] ;Fu}
lnP/ uPF . d ;s];Dd uf8L cfkm} rnfpF5' . s]6fx?sf] Tolt e/ nfUb}g .
slxn] sfxLF dfq rfns lnP/ hfG5' . sf]xn k'/ rf}tf/fdf pgnfO{ 5f]8]/ d
sfo{qmd :yn k'u“] .
sfo{qmd ;s]/ kms{bf ;fFemsf] ;f9] kfFr ah]sf] lyof] . pgL sf]xn k'/
lkknaf]6df dnfO{ g} kv]{/ a;]sL lyOg . kms{bf klg uf8Ldf lnP/ cfPF .
pgL cuf8Ls} l;6df ;Fu} a;]/ cfpFbf z/L/ Pscfk;df k6s k6s 5f]Obf /
dlxnfsf] z/L/af6 cfpg] uGwsf] sf/0fn] k'?ifsf] dgdf kfk knfpbf] /x]5 .
Tolt ?kjtL gePklg cfkm"EfGbf cfwf pd]/sL :j:y / k'i7 z/L/ ePsL
dlxnfsf] ;ldktfn] d]/f] c:tfpg nfu]sf] of}g rfxfg hfUg yfNof] t/ s]xL
eGg] cfF6 eg] cfPg . ToxL lbg b]lv d pgL k|lt cfslif{t x'g yfn] . dgdf
gsf/fTds efjgf pTkGg x'g yfNof] . pgsf] lgisk6 / lgZsnªs s'/
fsfgL / Aojxf/af6 pgdf of}ghGo efjgf lyPg eGg ;lsGYof] . pgn]
dnfO{ Pp6f ldq / cleefjssf] ?kdf eg] lgs} dfGotf uly{g . pgn] emg
emg 3lgi6 ldqn] h:tf] Aojxf/ ub}{ hfg yflng .
pgL d;Fu olt 3lgi6 eOg sL k};fsf] ;fk6 rNg yfNof] . lj/fdL x'Fbf
Psbd} glhssf] gft]bf/n] h:t} ;]jf / ;xof]u ug{ yflng . s]xL Aoaxfl/

165. s ;d:of kg{;fy ;Nnfx dfUg cfpFlyg . d}n] klg ;s];Dd
plrt ;Nnfx ;'emfj lbg] uy+]{ . d]/} ;Nnfxdf pgsf] k9fO{ cufl8 a9]sf]
lyof] . pgL dx]Gb| SofDk;df lj=P= df egf{ ePsL lyOg . k9fO{, clkm; /
3/sf] sfd ;kmntfk"j{s rnfO/x]sL lYfOg .
pgsf] dgdf s] lyof] yfxf lyPg t/ pgL hlt 3lgi6 x'Fb} hflGyg d]/
f] dgdf ptL ptL kfk a9b}uPsf] lyof] . xfd|f] 3lgi6tfn] c?nfO{ ;+sf gxf];
eg]/ ;s];Dd PsfGtdf e]6g] k|of; uy]{F d . clkm;df slxn] pgL;Fu a;]/
nfdf] s'/f ulb{gy]F . xfdL clkm; 5'66L ePkl5 ;fFemkv / ljbfsf] lbg
ljleGg 7fFpdf e]6]/ lrof vfhf vfg] / ukm ug]{ uYof{}+ . pgL eg] k|foM dflg;
ePsf] / v'nf 7fFpdf a:g dg k/fpFlyg . d]/f] PsfGtdf a:g] k|:tfj pgL
c:jLsf/ uly{g . cGtdf pgs} eg] cg';f/sf] 7fpdf a:g s/ nfUYof]
dnfO{ . xfdL slxn] rf}/df a;]/ abfd vfFb,} 3fd tfKb} s'/f uYof{+} eg] slxn]
lrof k;n / /]:6'/]G6df lrof gf:tf vfFb} ulkmGYof}+ . lrg]sf dflg;n] klg
stfslt b]lv xfNy] . pgLx?nfO{ ;'Gb/L / d]/f] larsf] ;GjGw / e]63f6 dg
k/]sf] lyPg . xfdLx? ukm ubf{ kbLo x}l;ot, cfkmgf] pd]/, hft ;a lj;]{/
6LgPh;{ h:tf] s'/fsfgLdf /dfpFYof}F . d}n] Ps lbg egsf] lyP æ;'Gb/LhL,
xfd|f] af/]df w]/}n] gsf/fTds l6sfl6KkgL ug{ yfn]sf 5g .Æ
pgn] eg]sL lyOg æ5f]l8lbgf]; ;/, c?n] h] eg] klg xfd|f] Jojxf/ /
dg ;kmf 5 eg] eOuf] . Pp6f k'?if / Pp6f dlxnf lar ldqtf x'g' x'Fb}g /
< ldqtfnfO{ hft, wd{, pd]/, kb / wg ;DklTtn] afwf kfg'{ x'Fb}g . dnfO{ o;}
df cfgGb nflu/x]sf] 5 .Æ
d}n] ;kgfdf klg pg}nfO{ b]Vg yfn]“ . x/avt pgs} ofb cfpg
yfNof] . e]6' e]6', b]v' b]v' nflu/xGYof] . kTgLn] s] elGng < O:6ldqx?n] s]
eGnfg < eGg] lrGtf nflu /x]klg e]6g dg nflu/xGYof] . xfdL slxn]
clkm;sf] uf8Ldf, slxn] l/S;fdf / slxn] cf–cfkmg} tl/sfn] :k6d} e]6g]
u/L hfg] uYof}{ . /]i6'/]G6, lrof k;n / kfs{df hfFbf d c?n] gb]Vg] PsfGt
7fpF, Sofljgdf a;f}F eGy]F . pgL eg] ;a}n] b]Vg] u/L rf}/df, sdg ?ddf
a:g dg k/fplyg . pgn] PsfGt sf]7f, Sofljg, emf8L tyf PsfGt kfs{df
a:g slxn} dflggg . pgL ;w}F c?n] b]Vg] t/ xfd|f s'/f c?n] g;'Gg] 7fpFdf
a:g elGyg . d eg] lrg]sf dflg;x?n] gb]v'g eg]/ uf]Ko 7fpFdf a:g hf]8
ub{y]F . pgL dflGbglyg . cflv/df hLt pg}sf] x'GYof] . pgL d;Fu af; a:g]

166. u/L nfdf] ofqfdf hfg slxn} dflggg . xfd|f] e]63f6 b'O{ 306f eGbf nfdf]
klg slxn} ePg .
pgsf] / d]/f] lardf h'g;'s} ljifodf klg s'/fx? x'Gy] . s'/f ug{] ljifo
j:t'sf] s'g} l;df lyPg . s'g} 5]saf/ lyPg . b]zsf] ;d;fdlos kl/
l:ylt, /fhgLlt, v]ns'b, dgf]/~hg nufot cfkmgf] afnssfn b]lv
xfn ;Ddsf 36gfx?, ;fyLefO{x?, Oi6ldqx?sf hLjg, wg ;DkTtL, 5f]/
f5f]/L, 3/ kl/jf/ ;a} ljifodf s'/fx? x'Gy] . xfdL lar ZnLn / clZnn
zAbx? k|of]u ug{ klg s'g} 5]saf/ lyPg . cem o:tf clZnn zAbx?sf] k|
of]u ug{ pg}n] ;'? u/]sL lyOg . xfdLn] cfkmgf] ;'xfu/ft, ljjfx k"j{sf of}g
;DaGwx?, r'Dag, clnªug, of}g cªux?sf] agfj6, cfsf/, ;+ef]u lqmofdf
x'g] pTt]hgf, cfgGb, ;+Def]usf cf;gx?, ;Def]usf k"j{ sfo{x? cflb
ljifodf ;d]t v'n]/ s'/f u/]sf lyof}F . xfdL lar s'g} s'/f uf]Ko lyPg .
Pscsf{sf] hLjgsf ;Dk"0f{ kx]nLx? v'nf ?kdf eGg] uYof}{ . xfdL df]afOndf
8fpgnf]u ul/Psf clZnn lkmNddf b'Zox? ;d]t x]/]/ ts{x? uYof}{+ . xfdL
kmf]gdf klg s'/f uYof}F{ . olt ubf{ ;d]t xfdL lar cflnªu, r'Dag tyf s'g}
k|sf/sf] zf/Ll/s ;DaGw eg] lyPg . dnfO{ klg s]xL xtf/ lyPg lsgsL
Pp6f k'?if / Pp6f dlxnf larsf] 3lgi6 ldtqfsf] clGtd kl/0ffd zf/Ll/
s ;DaGw g} x'g]5 eGg] s'/fdf d 9'Ss lyP“ .
o;} lar d]/L kTgL xfd|f] s'g} gft]bf/sf] lajfx ePsf]n] Ps xKtfsf]
nflu c3f{vfFrL uPsL lyOg . ToxL df}sf kf/]/ ;'Gb/L;Fu Ps /ft latfpg]
of]hgf agfPF d}n] . sf]7f ;hL;hfp kf/]“ . ;fFem 5 ah] lt/
pgnfO{ ef]hgsf nflu l;bwfy{ s6]hdf lgDtf u/]F . clkm;s} uf8Ldf ToxfF
k'u]/ vfgf vfof}F . vfgf vfP/ kms{bf cf7 ah]sf] lyof] . kms{bf uf8L :nf]
u/]/ d}n] ;f]w]F æs] tkfO{sf 5f]/f5f]/L PSn} ;'Tg ;S5g <Æ
pgn] pN6} k|Zg ul/g ælsg / ;/ <Æ
d}n] eg] æd]/f] cfjf;df cfh d]/L kTgL 5}gg . To;}n] cfhsf] /ft d]/}
8]/fdf hfgsf nflu tkfO{+nfO{ cfu|x ub{5' . olb tkfOn] 5f]/f5f]/L PSn} 5f]8g
;Sg'x'Gg eg] d g} tkfO{sf] 8]/fdf ;'T5' . x'Gg <Æ
pgn] s'g} pTt]hgf gb]vfP/} elgg æ;/, tkfO{sL lzlIft / z';Ln
wd{kTgL 3/df x'g'x'G5, cfkm" ;/xsf 5f]/fx? x'g'x'G5, olt 7"nf] cf]xf]bfdf k'Ug'
ePsf] 5, ;dfhdf k|lti7f cfh{g ug'{ePsf] 5 . o:tf cg's/0fLo JolStn]

167. 5f]/f5f]/L ;lxtsL csf{sL :jf:gL;Fu ;Def]usf] ofrgf ug'{ g}lts, k/Dk/fut
/ wfld{s b[li6n] plrt xf]nf / < of] xh'/sL wd{kTgLsf nflu 7"nf] wf]sf x'g]5
/ d]/f] kltsf] nflu klg cIfDo wf]sf x'g]5 . d]/f] kljq ldqtfsf] kmfObf
p7fP/ dnfO{ kltt u/fpg] tkfO{sf] rfxfg 5 eg] cfh}af6 of] ;DaGwsf]
cGt ul/g' kb{5 .Æ
d}n] eg“] ætkfO{n] d;Fu o:tf o:tf clZnn / of}g pTt]hgf a9fpg]
s'/fx? ug'{x'G5, h'g s'/f d cfkmgL kTgL;Fu ;d]t ug{ nhfpFg] ub{5' . d;Fu}
a;]/ kf]g{ lkSr/ x]g'{x'G5 . o:tf] klg kljq ldqtf x'G5 < of] t xfdL larsf]
ulx/f] k|]d ;DaGw kf] xf] t < k|]d sxfgLsf] clGtd kl/0flt zfl//Ls ;DaGw
g} x'G5 . To;}n] ;Def]u ;'vsf] rfxgf ug'{ s'g} kfk xf]Og .Æ
clxn] pgL cln pTt]lht ?kdf k|:t't x'Fb} eGg yflng æxf] ;/, oxL g}
;fFrf] ldqtf xf] eGg] ;f]r]sL lyP“ d}n] . d]/f] larf/df of] k|]d ;DaGw xf]Og .
of] k|]d ;DaGw x'g} ;Sb}g . k|]d ;DaGw x'gsf nflu pd]/, efjgf, tTk/tf,
eljio k|ltsf] cfzfefj / of]hgf x'g' k5{ . eljio ljgfsf] k|]d x'g} ;Sb}g .
tkfO{sf] ;'vL kl/jf/ 5, hxfF ;Gt'li6 / eljio 5 . d]/f] klg ;'vL kl/jf/ 5,
To;}df d k"0f{ ;Gt'i6 5' . g tkfO{n] dnfO{ ;Gt'li6 lbg ;Sg' x'G5 g ;Gtfg,
g eljio . To;}n] xfdL k|]dL–k|ldsf xf]Ogf}F, g of}g ;fyL g} xf}+ . xfdLn] cf–
cfkmgf] ;'vL kl/jf/ eTsfP/ gofF uf]/]6f] sf]g{ ;Sb}gf}F . of] k"0f{ ?kdf ldqtf
xf] . ldqtfdf hft, wd{, pd]/, lnªu, j0f{, ;+:s[ltn] c;/ kfg{ ;Sb}g . To;}
n] d tkfO{sL ldq eg] cjZo x'F . o;nfO{ sfod /fVg] jf tf]8g] tkfO{sf]
xftdf 5 . d s] eg' <Æ
d}n];8s lsgf/df uf8L /f]s]F / eg] æ Pp6f k'?if / dlxnf lar
pTt]hs / of}ghGo jftf{nfkaf6 s] glthf lg:sG5 < ldqsf] lardf o; k|
sf/sf s'/fsfgL s;/L rNg ;S5g / <Æ
pgn] p;}u/L elgg ælsg x'g ;Sb}g < Pp6f k'?ifn] csf{] k'?if ldq;Fu
cfkmgf cGt/ªu s'/f ug{ x'g], Pp6f dlxnfn] csf{] dlxnf ldq;Fu o:t} s'/f
ug{ x'g], clg Pp6f k'?ifn] dlxnf ldq;Fu cGt/ªu s'/f ug{ lsg
gx'g] < ;/ d]/f] 3lgi6 ldq x'g'x'G5 . ldqtfsf] lardf lsg kbf{ < ldq;Fu
lbn vf]n]/ ;a}s'/f ug{ ;lsGg eg] ldqtfsf] s] cy{ < tkfO{n] d]/f] ldqtfnfO{
cfkmgf] :jfy{ l;bw ug{] s'/fdf nufpg' x'G5 eg] cfh}af6 xfd|f] ;DaGw aGb

168. ul/g' kb{5 . ca b]lv sfdsfhL s'/fx? afx]s cGo s'/f gug'{xf]nf .
wGojfb .“
olt eGb} pgL uf8Lsf] 9f]sf vf]n]/ aflx/ lgl:sOg / km6fkm6 lxF8L
klg xflng .
Ps xKtf ;Dd xfd|f] af]nrfn ePg . Ps xKtfkl5 d}n] g} Ifdf dfu]F . ca
xfd|f] ;DaGw gofF tl/sfn] cufl8 a9g yfNof] . xfdL Ps csf{nfO{ h:tf] ;'s}
dbbt ug{ tof/ x'GYof}F . ;'v b'Mvsf s'/fx? uYof}F{ . xfd|f] ldqtf oyfjt}
lyof] . e]63f6 / s'/fsfgLsf] dfqf eg] 36]sf] lyof] . cfh ckem{6 6«ssf]
7Ss/af6 pgsf] d[To' ePsf] s'/fn] d ;fx|} b'MvL ePF . pgsf] gfddf
ldqtfsf b'O{ yf]kf cfFz' v;fPF .
;dfKt