This document provides an overview of infection control protocols and standards. It begins by listing 20 topics that will be covered, including definitions related to infection control, modes of transmission, universal precautions, hand washing techniques, cleaning tools, the difference between pandemics and epidemics, nosocomial infections, and infection control protocols for various medical departments and procedures. It then defines key infection control terms like infection control, cross infection, communicable diseases, and sterilization. It describes the five main modes of transmission and defines nosocomial infections as those acquired during or after hospitalization. Finally, it lists four factors that have contributed to the rise of nosocomial infections: crowded hospital conditions, new microorganisms,

1. By
Dr Hatem El Bitar
Egyptian fellowship
Infection
control
diploma
‫الرحيم‬ ‫الرحمن‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫بسم‬

2. At the end of this session, the participants will be able to
know:
1-definitions related to infection control
2-modes of transmission of infections
3-portals of entry of bacteria
4-Explain universal precautions
5-Explain the worker’s role in preventing spread of
infections
6-Demonstrate proper hand washing techniques,
application and removal of gloves
7-Describe appropriate techniques for cleaning up tools

3. 8-difference between pandemic and epidemic
9-noscomial infection
10- protocols of infection control in child care
11- protocols of infection control in ophthalmology departments
12- protocols of infection control in endoscopes
13- protocols of infection control in respiratory tract infection
14- protocols of infection control in dentistry
15- protocols of infection control in icu
16- protocols of infection control in nicu
17- protocols of infection control in kidney dialysis units
18- protocols of infection control in urinary tract departments
19- protocols of infection control in surgical site infection
20 international infection control standards for health care facilities

4. Infection control the set of methods used to control and prevent the spread of disease,
preventing all types of microorganisms from infecting health workers and patients
Cross infection refers to the transmission of a pathogenic organism from one person to another
Infections - are caused by pathogens (germs)
Communicable disease – disease spread from one person to another
Infectious disease – caused by a pathogen (germ or bacteria)
Contaminated – means dirty, soiled, unclean
Disinfection – cleaning so that germs (pathogens) are destroyed
Mode of transmission – the way germs are passed from one person to another
Mucous membranes – membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body
Nosocomial infection
Any infection that is not present or incubating at the time the patient is admitted to the
hospital
Sterilization
A process intended to kill all microorganisms and is the highest level of microbial forms
including endospores (germs)
Disinfection a process less effective than sterilization because it does not kill bacterial
endospores

5. MODES OF TRANSMISSION of infections
There are five main modes of transmission
Droplet
Vector borne
Air borne
Contact
Common vehicle

6. HOSPITAL INFECTIONS
N.I

7. Nosocomial infections
Nosocomial infection comes from Greek words “nosus” meaning
disease and “ komeion” meaning to take care of
Iinfections appearing in connection with in both:
in and out patients‘ stay in hospital.
They are also known as a hospital-acquired
infection.
They may occur either during or after
hospitalization
(48 hours or more after hospital admission or within 30
days after discharge).
“Any Infections are considered nosocomial if they first
appear 48hrs or more after hospital admission or within
30 days after discharge”
Rresult of treatment in a hospital or hospital-like setting, but secondary
to the patient´s original condition.
One third of n.i. are considered preventable.

8. 1-Crowded hospital
conditions
2-New microorganism
3-Increasing number of
people with compromised
immune system
4-Increasing Bacterial
resistance
Rise in nosocomial infection as a result of
four factor

9. Types of important Nosocomial
infection

10. THANK YOU