Hospital Aquired Infection also called Nosocomial infection.This type of infection is common infection of the world by the contaminated environment of hospital.I hope this slides atleast give a basic level of knowledge for infection.

1. HOSPITAL AQUIRED
INFECTION
R.ANBARASAN,B.Sc,
Department of microbiology,
Thiruvalluvar arts and science college,
Kurinjipadi,Cuddalore (dt).
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2. INTRODUCTION
Hospitals have always acted as a source of infection to
patients admitted to them.
The terms of hospital infection ,hospital-acquired
infection or nosocomial infection.
Such an infection can be acquired in hospital,nursing
home,out patient clinic or other clinical settings.
Health care staffs can spread infection, in addition to
contaminated equipment,bed linens,or air droplets.
Around 2004-05 ,about 9,000 people died each year with
a nosocomial infection in developed countries.
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3. SEVERAL FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO THE
OCCURRENCE AND SEVERITY OF
HOSPITAL INFECTIONS
The hospital environment is heavily laden with a wide
variety of pathogens.
The infection can originate from the outside
environment,another infected patient,staff that may be
infected,or in some cases,the source of the infection
cannot be determined.
Hospital infections are in a sense diseases of medical
progress.Advances in treatment of cancer, organ
transplantation,implanted prostheses and other
sophisticated medical technologies enhance the risk of
infection to patients. 3

4. MICROBIOLOGY OF HOSPITAL
INFECTION
 Streptococcus pyogenes
 Staphylococcus aureus
 S.epidermidis
 Hepatitis B and C
 Virul diarrhea
 Chicken pox
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S.pyogenes(SEM)
S.aureus(SEM)
S.epidermidis(TEM)
Hepatitis B(TEM)
Chicken pox

5.  Elcherichia coli
 Klebsiella
 Enterobactor
 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
 HIV
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E.coli(TEM)
Klebsiella(TEM)
Enterobactor(Grams staining)
Ps.aeruginosa(Plate culture)
HIV(Graphics image)

6. COMMMON TYPE OF HOSPITAL
INFECTION
1. Hospital acquired pneumonia
2. Urinary tract infection
3. Gastroenteritis
4. Puerperal fever
5. Wound infection
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7. HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
 Hospital –acquired pneumonia (HAP) or nosocomial pneumonia refers to
any pneumonia contracted by patient in a hospital at least 48-72 hours after
being admitted.
 It is thus distinguished from community-acquired pneumonia.
 It is usually caused by a bacterial infection,rather than virus.
 It is a second most commom nosocomial infection and accounts for 15-20% of
the total.
 HAP typically lengthens a hospital stay by 1-2 weeks.
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Normal chest
Pneumonia
caused chest

8. URINARY TRACT INFECTION
 A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects part of the urinary
tract.
 This infection divided by 2 types:
1.Bladder infection
2.Kidney infection
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9. GASTROENTERITIS
Gastroentertitis,also known as infectious diarrhea.
This infection mainly affected by stomach and intestine.
It is usually caused by viruses.
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10. PUERPERAL FEVER
Puerperal fever also known as child bed fever.
In 2015 ,these infections resulted in 17,900 deaths
down from 34,000 deaths in 1990.
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11. WOUND INFECTION
 This infection mainly cause Staphylococcus epidermidis.
 Wounds and other lesions are prone to contamination with a multitude of
organisms from the body surfaces and environment.
 The over all wound infection various from surgeon to surgeon,from hospital to
hospital and from one surgical procedure to another procedure.
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12. CAUSING BY TRANSMISSION
 Transmission is the passing of a pathogen causing communicable disease
from an infected host invidual or group to a particular invidual or group.
 The term strictly refers to the transmission of microorganisms directly from
one invidual to another one or more.
 The transmission divided by several types.
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13. TYPES OF TRANSMISSION
 Contact transmission
 Droplet transmission
 Airborne transmission
 Common vehicle transmission
 Vector borne transmission
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Contact transmission
Droplet transmission
Airborne transmission
Common vehicle transmission
Vector borne transmission

14. PREVENTION
 Hospitals have sanitation protocols regarding uniforms,equipment
sterilization,washing and other preventive methods.
 Sterlization
 Isolation
 Handwashing
 Gloves
 Surface sanitation
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