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Bryophyte as bioindicators of pollution
This data is from experiment that we had performed in our laboratory about the bryophytes as bioindicators of pollution.
Structure of anther.pdf
The document appears to be a scanned collection of pages containing text and images. However, the summaries cannot interpret or understand scanned documents, so no meaningful summary can be generated from the information provided.
PODOPHYLLUM HEXANDRUM”
Podophyllum hexandrum, commonly known as Himalayan Mayapple, is a plant native to the Himalayan region. It contains the compound podophyllotoxin, which has been used for centuries in traditional medicine and forms the basis for modern anticancer drugs. Podophyllotoxin inhibits cell replication and is the precursor for semi-synthetic drugs used to treat cancers like testicular cancer and lung cancer. While podophyllotoxin shows promise, its total synthesis is expensive, so research focuses on improving extraction from P. hexandrum and developing new derivatives with better solubility and fewer side effects than existing drugs like etoposide.
Alkaloids CHEMISTRY SLIDESHARE
ALKALOIDS alkaloids ,introduction ,alkaloids introduction ,characteristics of alkaoids ,health effects of alkaloids ,functions of alkaloids ,importance of alkaloids ,pharmacological activity of alkaloids ,classification of alkaloids ,chemical alkaloids
Pteridófitas
As pteridófitas são plantas vasculares que possuem vasos condutores de seiva, mas não formam sementes. Elas se distribuem nos filos Pteridophyta e Lycopodiophyta e se caracterizam por possuir xilema e floema bem diferenciados para o transporte de seiva. Sua reprodução ocorre tanto de forma assexuada quanto sexuada através da formação e dispersão de esporos.
trippieceの２億円資金調達プロセス 先生：小泉 文明
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schoo WEB-campusは「WEBに誕生した、学校の新しいカタチ」。
ＷＥＢ生放送の授業を無料で配信しています。
▼こちらから授業に参加すると、先生への質問や、ユーザーとのチャット、資料の拡大表示等が可能です。
https://schoo.jp/class/242/room
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Types Of Fruits
There are two main types of fruits - simple fruits which develop from a single ovary, and aggregate/multiple fruits which develop from multiple ovaries or flowers. Simple fruits can be fleshy like berries, drupes, and pomes, or dry like legumes, follicles, capsules, achenes, and nuts. Fleshy fruits like berries become soft and juicy, while a drupe has a hard stone or pit surrounding its seed. A pome is an accessory fruit with multiple carpels fused together. Dry fruits either open at maturity to release seeds like legumes and follicles, or stay closed like achenes and nuts.
Bioactive potential of xylaria spp.
This document discusses the potential of the fungal genus Xylaria as a source of bioactive secondary metabolites with various applications. It summarizes research on the diversity of Xylaria species, the chemical compounds isolated from different Xylaria such as xylarighan, orthosporin, and xylarinic acid. The document also describes experiments showing that extracts from the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. KC405623 exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against drug-resistant pathogens and cytotoxic effects against human cancer cell lines. It concludes that Xylaria represents an underexplored source of pharmaceutical compounds worthy of further study.
Recommended
Bryophyte as bioindicators of pollution
This data is from experiment that we had performed in our laboratory about the bryophytes as bioindicators of pollution.
Structure of anther.pdf
The document appears to be a scanned collection of pages containing text and images. However, the summaries cannot interpret or understand scanned documents, so no meaningful summary can be generated from the information provided.
PODOPHYLLUM HEXANDRUM”
Podophyllum hexandrum, commonly known as Himalayan Mayapple, is a plant native to the Himalayan region. It contains the compound podophyllotoxin, which has been used for centuries in traditional medicine and forms the basis for modern anticancer drugs. Podophyllotoxin inhibits cell replication and is the precursor for semi-synthetic drugs used to treat cancers like testicular cancer and lung cancer. While podophyllotoxin shows promise, its total synthesis is expensive, so research focuses on improving extraction from P. hexandrum and developing new derivatives with better solubility and fewer side effects than existing drugs like etoposide.
Alkaloids CHEMISTRY SLIDESHARE
ALKALOIDS alkaloids ,introduction ,alkaloids introduction ,characteristics of alkaoids ,health effects of alkaloids ,functions of alkaloids ,importance of alkaloids ,pharmacological activity of alkaloids ,classification of alkaloids ,chemical alkaloids
Pteridófitas
As pteridófitas são plantas vasculares que possuem vasos condutores de seiva, mas não formam sementes. Elas se distribuem nos filos Pteridophyta e Lycopodiophyta e se caracterizam por possuir xilema e floema bem diferenciados para o transporte de seiva. Sua reprodução ocorre tanto de forma assexuada quanto sexuada através da formação e dispersão de esporos.
trippieceの２億円資金調達プロセス 先生：小泉 文明
ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー
schoo WEB-campusは「WEBに誕生した、学校の新しいカタチ」。
ＷＥＢ生放送の授業を無料で配信しています。
▼こちらから授業に参加すると、先生への質問や、ユーザーとのチャット、資料の拡大表示等が可能です。
https://schoo.jp/class/242/room
ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー
Types Of Fruits
There are two main types of fruits - simple fruits which develop from a single ovary, and aggregate/multiple fruits which develop from multiple ovaries or flowers. Simple fruits can be fleshy like berries, drupes, and pomes, or dry like legumes, follicles, capsules, achenes, and nuts. Fleshy fruits like berries become soft and juicy, while a drupe has a hard stone or pit surrounding its seed. A pome is an accessory fruit with multiple carpels fused together. Dry fruits either open at maturity to release seeds like legumes and follicles, or stay closed like achenes and nuts.
Bioactive potential of xylaria spp.
This document discusses the potential of the fungal genus Xylaria as a source of bioactive secondary metabolites with various applications. It summarizes research on the diversity of Xylaria species, the chemical compounds isolated from different Xylaria such as xylarighan, orthosporin, and xylarinic acid. The document also describes experiments showing that extracts from the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. KC405623 exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against drug-resistant pathogens and cytotoxic effects against human cancer cell lines. It concludes that Xylaria represents an underexplored source of pharmaceutical compounds worthy of further study.
Roots, shoots, leaves
Vascular plants contain transport tissues called xylem and phloem that allow movement of water and nutrients throughout the plant. They are divided into seedless vascular plants like ferns and seed vascular plants like gymnosperms and angiosperms. Key structures include roots that absorb water and nutrients, stems that provide support, and leaves, which are the primary site of photosynthesis and have adaptations like stomata to regulate gas exchange while preventing water loss. Growth occurs through meristem tissue at the tips of roots and shoots and laterally along stems.
Leaves modifications.pptx
Plants are an essential part of the ecosystem. Every life on the earth is directly or indirectly dependent on plants. Among the different parts of a plant, the leaf is the most essential.
Leaf Anatomy
The leaf has two surfaces, an upper adaxial and lower abaxial side. Mesophyll tissue between the epidermis layers is made of parenchyma cells and can be palisade or spongy. Palisade cells are rod-shaped and located toward the adaxial side where most photosynthesis occurs, while spongy cells have larger air spaces and are located abaxially. Veins contain vascular bundles that transport water and nutrients throughout the leaf. Dicot leaves typically have a dorsiventral mesophyll structure with distinct palisade and spongy layers, while monocot leaves have a uniform mesophyll type. Adaptations like thick cuticles and sunken stomata help xer
Excretory products
The kidneys are located in the lower back and filter blood to produce urine. Each kidney contains nephrons, the functional units that filter blood in the glomerulus and produce urine in the renal tubules. Urine passes through the ureters to the bladder for storage then excretion. The kidneys excrete metabolic waste like urea and salts to maintain homeostasis as well as regulating water balance and blood volume through urine production.
Pollination, fertilisation and germination
This is a brief presentation about pollination, fertilisation and germination.
LEVEL: High School (ESL teaching)
Plant responses and movements by aram omer sorkan
This is a presentation about Plant responses and movements to external environment factor or external stimulus.
Prepared by Aram omer sorkan
University of Sulaimani
School of Science
Department of Biology
seed structure.pptx
A seed contains an embryo with a radicle and plumule, stored food materials, and a protective seed coat. Seeds come in many shapes and sizes, from dust-like orchid seeds to large double coconuts. The seed coat protects the embryo and acts as a barrier, regulating gas exchange and environmental cues to trigger germination. Within the seed coat is the embryo, consisting of a short axis connecting two cotyledons which store food and nourish the seedling initially. Seeds are categorized as endospermous if they contain persisting endosperm tissue, or non-endospermous if they lack endosperm.
Economic importance of Bryophytes
Bryophyte is a traditional name used to refer to all embryophytes (land plants) that are non-vascular plants such as mosses, liverworts etc.
The defining feature of bryophytes is that they do not have true vascular tissue. Although some do have specialized tissues for the transport of water, they are not considered to be true vascular tissue since they do not contain lignin.
There are about 25,000 different species of bryophytes in the world today.
Even though these plants are small in size, they are one of the largest groups of land plants and can be found almost everywhere in the world.
6. Classification and economic importance of bryophytes
This document discusses the classification and economic importance of bryophytes. It classifies bryophytes into three classes: Hepaticopsida (liverworts), Anthocerotopsida (hornworts), and Bryopsida (mosses). It describes key characteristics of each class. Bryophytes have economic importance as they help prevent soil erosion, aid in soil formation, can retain large amounts of water, and peat made from sphagnum is used as fuel and manure. Bryophytes also serve as a food source for animals in some areas and some species have medicinal uses or are used as indicator plants.
Phylum tracheophyta 2016
Phylum Tracheophyta includes vascular plants such as ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. It contains plants that have true roots, stems, and leaves due to vascular tissue that transports water and nutrients. Within Tracheophyta there are four subphyla: Lycophyta containing club mosses, Sphenophyta containing horsetails, Psilophyta containing whisk ferns, and Pterophyta containing the largest group of ferns. Ferns reproduce both sexually through spores and asexually through rhizomes, with the sporophyte generation being dominant.
Epidermis
The document summarizes key aspects of the epidermis and epidermal cells in plants. It describes the epidermis as the outermost layer of cells in organs. It then discusses the structure and types of ordinary epidermal cells, epidermal cells with special structures, cells associated with stomata, cuticle layers and wax, trichomes and root hairs. The main types of stomata are also summarized based on their ontogeny in both eudicots and monocots.
Anatomy of angiosperms: Lenticels and rhytidome
Lenticels are raised spots on tree bark through which gas exchange occurs. They form under stomata and their number depends on stomata. Lenticels develop as parenchyma cells near stomata divide irregularly, forming loose colorless cells called complementary cells. Complementary cells increase in number, pushing against the epidermis and causing it to rupture. There are three types of lenticels distinguished by their filling tissue composition and structure. Lenticels allow for gas exchange at night or when stomata are closed and permit a small amount of transpiration.
Friendship quotes
These slide is about from the friendship quotes.In these slide top ten friendship quotes are available.We can see these quotes in these slide easily & save their thought from in these slide.
Classificação do Reino Vegetal
O documento descreve a evolução das plantas terrestres, começando pelas algas verdes e continuando pelas briófitas, pteridófitas, gimnospermas e angiospermas. Detalha as principais características de cada grupo, incluindo a capacidade de produzir estruturas reprodutivas mais complexas ao longo do tempo.
Flores
1) O documento descreve as características e estrutura das flores em angiospermas, incluindo os principais órgãos reprodutivos como sépalas, pétalas, estames e carpelos.
2) As flores podem ser completas ou incompletas dependendo do número de verticilos florais presentes, e perfeitas ou imperfeitas dependendo da presença de androceu e gineceu.
3) A reprodução envolve a meiose na formação de grãos de pólen e óvulos, e a dupla fec
Meristem
This document presents information about plant anatomy and plant tissues. It discusses the three main types of plant tissues: meristems, permanent tissues, and secretory tissues. It focuses on describing meristems, which are tissues composed of actively dividing cells. Meristems are classified based on their origin, location in the plant, and differentiation. The main types of meristems are primary meristems found at tips of roots and stems, secondary meristems that develop later and allow thickening, and lateral meristems involved in secondary growth.
Bryophytes
Bryophytes are a division of non-vascular land plants that include liverworts, hornworts and mosses. They lack conducting and strengthening tissues like vascular plants. Bryophytes reproduce using spores and have alternation of generations, with the gametophyte being the dominant generation and the sporophyte attached to it. They are generally found in damp environments where they absorb water through their general surfaces.
Lichens
The lichens are slow growing, long living organisms.
Theophrastus was first to use the word lichen.
Lichens are formed by close association of two different partners,
A) Phycobiont or photobiont: The algal component of lichens is called phycobiont.
It mostly belong to Chlorophyceae(green algae)
Or cyanobacteria ( blue green algae)
B) Mycobiont: The fungal component of the lichens is called mycobiont. It belongs to ascomycetes and rearly Basidomycetes or Deuteromycetes.
Sweet orange oil
Orange essential oil is extracted from the rind of sweet oranges through cold pressing. This involves applying pressure to squeeze the oils from the rind. The leaves and flowers may also sometimes be used. Sweet orange essential oil provides several health benefits, including improving digestion and relieving constipation, nourishing skin, promoting happiness, eliminating toxins from the body, and helping reduce high blood pressure.
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Roots, shoots, leaves
Vascular plants contain transport tissues called xylem and phloem that allow movement of water and nutrients throughout the plant. They are divided into seedless vascular plants like ferns and seed vascular plants like gymnosperms and angiosperms. Key structures include roots that absorb water and nutrients, stems that provide support, and leaves, which are the primary site of photosynthesis and have adaptations like stomata to regulate gas exchange while preventing water loss. Growth occurs through meristem tissue at the tips of roots and shoots and laterally along stems.
Leaves modifications.pptx
Plants are an essential part of the ecosystem. Every life on the earth is directly or indirectly dependent on plants. Among the different parts of a plant, the leaf is the most essential.
Leaf Anatomy
The leaf has two surfaces, an upper adaxial and lower abaxial side. Mesophyll tissue between the epidermis layers is made of parenchyma cells and can be palisade or spongy. Palisade cells are rod-shaped and located toward the adaxial side where most photosynthesis occurs, while spongy cells have larger air spaces and are located abaxially. Veins contain vascular bundles that transport water and nutrients throughout the leaf. Dicot leaves typically have a dorsiventral mesophyll structure with distinct palisade and spongy layers, while monocot leaves have a uniform mesophyll type. Adaptations like thick cuticles and sunken stomata help xer
Excretory products
The kidneys are located in the lower back and filter blood to produce urine. Each kidney contains nephrons, the functional units that filter blood in the glomerulus and produce urine in the renal tubules. Urine passes through the ureters to the bladder for storage then excretion. The kidneys excrete metabolic waste like urea and salts to maintain homeostasis as well as regulating water balance and blood volume through urine production.
Pollination, fertilisation and germination
This is a brief presentation about pollination, fertilisation and germination.
LEVEL: High School (ESL teaching)
Plant responses and movements by aram omer sorkan
This is a presentation about Plant responses and movements to external environment factor or external stimulus.
Prepared by Aram omer sorkan
University of Sulaimani
School of Science
Department of Biology
seed structure.pptx
A seed contains an embryo with a radicle and plumule, stored food materials, and a protective seed coat. Seeds come in many shapes and sizes, from dust-like orchid seeds to large double coconuts. The seed coat protects the embryo and acts as a barrier, regulating gas exchange and environmental cues to trigger germination. Within the seed coat is the embryo, consisting of a short axis connecting two cotyledons which store food and nourish the seedling initially. Seeds are categorized as endospermous if they contain persisting endosperm tissue, or non-endospermous if they lack endosperm.
Economic importance of Bryophytes
Bryophyte is a traditional name used to refer to all embryophytes (land plants) that are non-vascular plants such as mosses, liverworts etc.
The defining feature of bryophytes is that they do not have true vascular tissue. Although some do have specialized tissues for the transport of water, they are not considered to be true vascular tissue since they do not contain lignin.
There are about 25,000 different species of bryophytes in the world today.
Even though these plants are small in size, they are one of the largest groups of land plants and can be found almost everywhere in the world.
6. Classification and economic importance of bryophytes
This document discusses the classification and economic importance of bryophytes. It classifies bryophytes into three classes: Hepaticopsida (liverworts), Anthocerotopsida (hornworts), and Bryopsida (mosses). It describes key characteristics of each class. Bryophytes have economic importance as they help prevent soil erosion, aid in soil formation, can retain large amounts of water, and peat made from sphagnum is used as fuel and manure. Bryophytes also serve as a food source for animals in some areas and some species have medicinal uses or are used as indicator plants.
Phylum tracheophyta 2016
Phylum Tracheophyta includes vascular plants such as ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. It contains plants that have true roots, stems, and leaves due to vascular tissue that transports water and nutrients. Within Tracheophyta there are four subphyla: Lycophyta containing club mosses, Sphenophyta containing horsetails, Psilophyta containing whisk ferns, and Pterophyta containing the largest group of ferns. Ferns reproduce both sexually through spores and asexually through rhizomes, with the sporophyte generation being dominant.
Epidermis
The document summarizes key aspects of the epidermis and epidermal cells in plants. It describes the epidermis as the outermost layer of cells in organs. It then discusses the structure and types of ordinary epidermal cells, epidermal cells with special structures, cells associated with stomata, cuticle layers and wax, trichomes and root hairs. The main types of stomata are also summarized based on their ontogeny in both eudicots and monocots.
Anatomy of angiosperms: Lenticels and rhytidome
Lenticels are raised spots on tree bark through which gas exchange occurs. They form under stomata and their number depends on stomata. Lenticels develop as parenchyma cells near stomata divide irregularly, forming loose colorless cells called complementary cells. Complementary cells increase in number, pushing against the epidermis and causing it to rupture. There are three types of lenticels distinguished by their filling tissue composition and structure. Lenticels allow for gas exchange at night or when stomata are closed and permit a small amount of transpiration.
Friendship quotes
These slide is about from the friendship quotes.In these slide top ten friendship quotes are available.We can see these quotes in these slide easily & save their thought from in these slide.
Classificação do Reino Vegetal
O documento descreve a evolução das plantas terrestres, começando pelas algas verdes e continuando pelas briófitas, pteridófitas, gimnospermas e angiospermas. Detalha as principais características de cada grupo, incluindo a capacidade de produzir estruturas reprodutivas mais complexas ao longo do tempo.
Flores
1) O documento descreve as características e estrutura das flores em angiospermas, incluindo os principais órgãos reprodutivos como sépalas, pétalas, estames e carpelos.
2) As flores podem ser completas ou incompletas dependendo do número de verticilos florais presentes, e perfeitas ou imperfeitas dependendo da presença de androceu e gineceu.
3) A reprodução envolve a meiose na formação de grãos de pólen e óvulos, e a dupla fec
Meristem
This document presents information about plant anatomy and plant tissues. It discusses the three main types of plant tissues: meristems, permanent tissues, and secretory tissues. It focuses on describing meristems, which are tissues composed of actively dividing cells. Meristems are classified based on their origin, location in the plant, and differentiation. The main types of meristems are primary meristems found at tips of roots and stems, secondary meristems that develop later and allow thickening, and lateral meristems involved in secondary growth.
Bryophytes
Bryophytes are a division of non-vascular land plants that include liverworts, hornworts and mosses. They lack conducting and strengthening tissues like vascular plants. Bryophytes reproduce using spores and have alternation of generations, with the gametophyte being the dominant generation and the sporophyte attached to it. They are generally found in damp environments where they absorb water through their general surfaces.
Lichens
The lichens are slow growing, long living organisms.
Theophrastus was first to use the word lichen.
Lichens are formed by close association of two different partners,
A) Phycobiont or photobiont: The algal component of lichens is called phycobiont.
It mostly belong to Chlorophyceae(green algae)
Or cyanobacteria ( blue green algae)
B) Mycobiont: The fungal component of the lichens is called mycobiont. It belongs to ascomycetes and rearly Basidomycetes or Deuteromycetes.
Sweet orange oil
Orange essential oil is extracted from the rind of sweet oranges through cold pressing. This involves applying pressure to squeeze the oils from the rind. The leaves and flowers may also sometimes be used. Sweet orange essential oil provides several health benefits, including improving digestion and relieving constipation, nourishing skin, promoting happiness, eliminating toxins from the body, and helping reduce high blood pressure.
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6. Classification and economic importance of bryophytes
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