The document summarizes spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis, the processes by which haploid gametes are produced in males. It describes how spermatogonia undergo mitosis and meiosis to form spermatids, which then undergo cellular differentiation and remodeling through spermiogenesis to become spermatozoa or sperm. This includes the flattening and condensing of the nucleus, formation of the acrosome, growth of the tail, and shedding of excess cytoplasm. Non-ejaculatory sperm retrieval techniques for azoospermic males are also briefly discussed.

1. Babol7-3-15
Histology
Doc. Alma Maria Daguay M.D.
Spermatogenesis and
Spermiogenesis

2.  The process whereby haploid gametes (reproductive sex
cells) are created
 Spermatogenesis in males
 Oogenesis in females
Gametogenesis

3.  Begins at puberty
 Proliferation of stem and progenitor cells called
spermatogonia
 Dark ovoid nuclei
 Act as stem cell and divide to form new stem cells
Spermatogenesis

4. 1. Type A spermatogonia: clonal divisions and interconnected as
a syncytium
2. Type B spermatogonia: spherical and pale nuclei
3. Each type B produce two cells called primary spermatocytes
4. First meiotic division:produce smaller cells called secondary
spermatocyte
5. Secondary spermatocyte separates the chromatids;produce
two haploid cells called spermatids
6. Spermatids undergo morphological
differentiation;spermatozoa
Summary of Spermatogenesis
ABPSSS

6. SG
PS
M
F
SC
ES
LS
SS
LC

7.  Cell differentiation in which spermatids become sperm
 Flattening of nucleus
 Formation of acrosome
 Growth of tail
 Reorganization of mitochondria
 Shedding of unnecessary cytoplasm
Spermiogenesis

8.  Proacrosomal vesicles coalesce as a single acrosomal cap
 Centrioles migrate and act as basal body
Golgi Phase

9.  Acrosomal cap spreads over half of the nucleus
 Contain acrosin
Cap phase

10.  Head remains embedded in the sertoli cell
 Growing axoneme extends to the tubule
 Nuclei become elongated and condensed
 Mitochondria migrate through actin filaments called
manchette to form the middle piece
Acrosome phase

11.  Unneeded cytoplasm is shed as residual body
 Intercellular bridges are lost
Maturation phase

14.  Establishing blood testis barrier
Sertoli cells

15. An update on sperm retrieval techniques
for azoospermic males
Non ejaculated sperm is aspirated from the
epididymis and testis of the patient using
surgical method
Update

16.  Open Epididymal Fine-Needle Aspiration
 Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE)
 Single Seminiferous Tubule Biopsy
 Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA)
 Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA) and Testicular Fine-
Needle Aspiration (TEFNA)
 Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (MESA)