This document summarizes the process of spermatogenesis and sperm development. It describes how sperm develop from immature forms through spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis in the testes, with support from Leydig and Sertoli cells. The document also outlines characteristics of mature semen and various factors that can influence sperm development, including hormones, temperature, diet, and environmental exposures.

1. Dr SIVARAJ S
DEPT OF PHYSIOLOGY
ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
NEW DELHI

2.  The process by which sperm develop to become
mature sperm, capable of fertilizing an ovum

3. SPERMATOGENESIS

4. SPERMIOGENESIS

5. Testis and surrounding structures

6.  Further development of Spermatozoa
 Mobility
 Capacitation
 Role of Leydig cells
 Secreting male sex hormone testosterone

7. Role of Sertoli cells
 Also called Nurse cells
 Provides nutrition
 Blood Testis Barrier
 Secretes ABP, inhibin,
Mullerian inhibiting
substance(MIS)

8. Interrelationships between the hypothalamus,
anterior pituitary, and testes

9. Semen
 Volume 1.5- 4.5 ml
 White, opalescent colour
 Slightly alkaline pH
 100-125 million
sperms/ml

10. Influencing factors
 Endocrine environment
 Temperature
 Dietary factors vitamin A,B,E
 Radiation exposure
 Smoking, Alcohol
 Infectious diseases

11. Summary
 Spermatogenesis
 Produce mature spermatocytes
 Produce haploid gamates
 Cell proliferation
 Maintenance of a reserve germ cell population
 Spermatids mature into spermatozoa
 Acquire motility
 Capable of fertilizing ovum.