This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar concepts including the eight parts of speech, verb conjugations, stem-changing verbs, adjective placement, and reflexive verbs. It includes examples and exercises for students to practice and review these grammar topics. The live Spanish class covers questions from previous weeks, contact information, make-up work, a review of parts of speech, verb forms, irregular verbs, stem-changing verbs, adjective placement, a writing activity, and an overview of reflexive verbs.

1. Bienvenidos!
Live Class- Semana 17

2. El Plan- Español I:
1. Preguntas de semana 14-16 (gramática/vocabulario)
2. Reminder: best contact njwiemann@gmail.com
3. Make-up work and Mid-terms
4. Recording issues in Powerspeak/ Completing work that doesn’t count
towards grade
5. Review
6. Preguntas?

3. Parts of Speech Review
What is:
● A verb
● An article
● A noun
● A pronoun
● An adverb
● An adjective
● Preposition
● Conjunction

4. So give this a quick review, and print it out, or store it somewhere you can retrieve it when you want to check on something.
Let's take a look at some basics of grammar.
The Eight Parts of Speech
In both English and Spanish, words can be grouped according to how they are used. The eight groups are Nouns, Pronouns, Articles,
Adjectives, Verbs, Adverbs, Prepositions, and Conjunctions. The sections below are an overview of what function each group serves in a
sentence.
Nouns
A noun names a person, place, or thing.
English Example Spanish Example
She runs quickly with a small dog or cat. Ella corre rápidamente con un perro o gato pequeño.
Pronouns
A pronoun takes the place of a noun.
English Example Spanish Example
She runs quickly with a small dog or cat. Ella corre rápidamente con un perro o gato pequeño.
Articles
An article identifies and specifies a noun.
English Example Spanish Example
She runs quickly with a small dog or cat. Ella corre rápidamente con un perro o gato pequeño.

5. Ir forms
Review forms of “ir” (to go)
Yo _______
Tu ________
El/ella/ud _______
Nosotros _________
Ellos/ellas/uds. _________

6. Irregular verbs in the present tense
Stem-Changing Verbs
In a regular verb, only the ending of the verb changes when you conjugate it. With stem-changing verbs, the verb stem will
sometimes change a little bit as well. It is important to note that these verbs do not have a stem change in the nosotros and
vosotros forms.
There are three common types of stem-changing verbs: O to UE, E to IE, and E to I. There are some verbs that stem-change
from I to IE (adquirir - to acquire), from U to UE (jugar – to play), and from O to HUE (oler – to smell). This lesson will focus on the
more common stem-changing verbs.
O-UE
Most verbs that undergo a stem-change from o to ue (such as dormir [to sleep]) still use the regular verb endings in the present
tense. They simply undergo a stem change in all forms except nosotros and vosotros. The following chart shows the present
tense conjugation of the verb dormir:

7. Dormir (to sleep)
duermo dormimos
duermes dormís
duerme duermen
Other verbs that follow this same pattern include:
almorzar (to eat lunch)
contar (to count)
costar (to cost)
devolver (to return an item)
poder (to be able to; can)
morir (to die)
volar (to fly)
volver (to return)

8. E-IE
Most verbs that undergo a stem-change from e to ie (such as comenzar [to begin]) still use the regular verb endings in the present
tense. They simply undergo a stem change in all forms except nosotros and vosotros. The following chart shows the present
tense conjugation of the verb comenzar:
Comenzar (to begin)
comienzo comenzamos
comienzas comenzáis
comienza comienzan
Other verbs that follow this same pattern include:
comenzar (to begin)
divertirse (to enjoy oneself; to have fun)
empezar (to begin)
entender (to understand)
perder (to lose)
preferir (to prefer)
querer (to want)
tener (to have) (tener is also irregular in the "yo" form - yo tengo)

9. E-I
All verbs that undergo a stem-change from e to i (such as pedir [to ask for]) are -IR verbs, and still use the regular verb endings in
the present tense. They simply undergo a stem change in all forms except nosotros and vosotros. The following chart shows the
present tense conjugation of the verb pedir:
Pedir (to order/request)
pido pedimos
pides pedís
pide piden
Other verbs that follow this same pattern include:
decir (to say; tell) *Remember, decir has an irregular yo conjugation - digo
repetir (to repeat)

10. Adjective Placement/Agreement
*Remember that most adjectives go AFTER the noun they describe- unlike
English
*gato blanco
*jirafas bonitas
*mochila rosa
*monos marrones

11. Writing Activity- you will submit this to me in a
private chat
Instructions: In 4-6 sentences, describe your family as if you are talking to
someone you have just met.
1. How many brothers/sisters do you have? (Tengo…)
2. What about your extended family like aunts, cousins, uncles, etc.?
3. Do they live close or far away? (cerca= close, lejos= far away)
4. What are 4 people in your family going to do this week. (be sure to use a
form of “ir + a + infinitive” in these sentences.
**Remember if I suspect an online translation machine has been used (or that it
isn’t your own work) a 0 will be given for this activity.

12. El Plan- Español II
1. Preguntas de semana 14-16 (gramática/vocabulario)
2. Powerspeak- problemas
3. Vacaciones
4. Verbos Reflexivos repaso
5. Práctica
6. Esta semana- el futuro
7. Preguntas?

13. Que hicieron durante las vacaciones?
En 6-8 frases, díganme que hicieron durante las vacaciones.

14. When a reflexive verb is conjugated, the pronoun will change to match the subject of the
sentence.
Reflexive Pronouns-
me (myself) Nos (ourselves)
te (yourself) Os (yourselves)
se (himself, herself, yourself- polite) Se (themselves, yourselves)

15. Daily Routine Examples:
● When you conjugate a reflexive verb (i.e. levantarse), you must remove the -se from the end of the
verb and place it in front of the conjugated verb.
● Ejemplo (levantarse- to get up):
○ Me levanto * Nosotros nos levantamos
○ Tu te levantas *Os levantais
○ El/Ella/Ud. se levanta * Ellos/Ellas/Uds. se levantan

16. Using reflexive verbs with infinitive verbs like
necesitar, querer, deber, pensar, tener que, ir a, etc.
● When you use a reflexive verb after an
infinitive such as the ones above, you must
remove the ‘se’ from the end of the
infinitive reflexive verb and replace it with
the correct reflexive pronoun.
● Remember- it must match the subject
Ejemplo:
● I need to brush my teeth
● Yo necesito cepillarme los dientes.
● You have to shower.
● Tú necesitas ducharte.

17. Ejemplos:
Reflexive Verb only
● Me pongo la ropa
● Tu te pones la ropa
● El/ella/ud. se pone la ropa
● Nosotros nos ponemos la ropa
● ellos/ellas/uds. se ponen la ropa
Reflexive Verb following another verb (already
conjugated)
● Necesito ponerme la ropa
● Necesitas ponerte la ropa
● Necesita ponerse la ropa
● Necesitamos ponernos la ropa
● Necesitan ponerse la ropa

18. Repaso de los verbos reflexivos
INDEPENDENT PRACTICE: REFLEXIVE VERB CONJUGATION (in present tense and preterite tense)
CONJUGATE THE VERBS TO THE RIGHT IN THE BLANK SPACE BELOW BASED ON THE SUBJECT PRONOUN
(HINT: SOME OF THE VERBS WILL BE STEM-CHANGERS!).
1. YO ____________________________ POR LA MANANA. (ACOSTARSE) (O UE)
2. ELLOS ____________________________ A LA MEDIANOCHE. (DORMIRSE) (O UE)
3. NOSOTROS ______________________________ EN EL BANO. (LAVARSE LA CARA)
4. ELLA _____________________________________. (MAQUILLARSE)
5. YO __________________________ A LAS SEIS Y MEDIA DE LA MAÑANA. (DESPERTARSE) (E IE)
6. NOSOTROS _________________________ A LAS SIETE. (LEVANTARSE)
7. ELLOS _____________________ Y ______________________. (AFEITARSE Y DUCHARSE)
8. ELLA ________________________ AL SALON DE BELLEZA. (PINTARSE LAS UÑAS)
9. MARIA Y MIGUEL _______________________ PARA LA ESCUELA. (PREPARARSE)
10. TÚ ___________________________ TRES VECES AL DIA. (CEPILLARSE LOS DIENTES)
11 YO ___________________________ CADA VERANO. (CORTARSE EL PELO)
12. TU ______________________________ EN LA MANANA. (VESTIRSE) (E I)
13. USTEDES _________________________ DESPUÉS DE DUCHARSE. (SECARSE).
14. MARIA Y YO _______________________ ANTES DE LA ESCUELA. (ARREGLARSE EL PELO)
15. TÚ ___________________________ POR LA NOCHE. (BANARSE)