The document summarizes the Space Race between the United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War, where each nation aimed to prove its technological superiority through achievements in space exploration. It describes some of the key events, including the Soviet launch of Sputnik in 1957 which spurred the US to focus on math and science education and develop its own space program. Both nations went on to launch space stations - Mir by the Soviets and Skylab by the Americans. The International Space Station launched in 1998 represented a joint effort between 16 countries to conduct experiments in space.