SlideShare a Scribd company logo
COMMERCIAL SPACE
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Omar Qaise
19 Feb 2015, Luxembourg
History of Space Exploration
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
(1857-1935)
Dr. Robert H.
Goddard (1882-1945)
Dr. Wernher von
Braun (1912-1977)
Sergei Korolev (1907-1966)
Event #1
Oct. 4, 1957. The Soviet Union launches a satellite into space named Sputnik 1.
It was a very simple device that took measurements of the upper layer of the atmos-
sphere and sent information by radio signals down to the planet. It orbits every hour-
and-a-half before it re-entered the atmosphere and burned up 3 months after launch.
Event #2
November 3, 1957: Sputnik 2 is launched, and everyone is stunned to see that this
spacecraft has a ―pilot‖ on board—a dog named Laika (pronounced lye-ee-kuh).
The sad part was that Laika was never going to be recovered—there was no plan for the
dog to ever land safely on Earth. It was thought to be able to live 10 days in space, but
may not have lasted an hour when some of the life-support systems malfunctioned. 
Event #3
The Americans finally get in the act, on February 1, 1958. Explorer 1 is the USA’s first
launched satellite to orbit Earth. It transmitted valuable new information about the
protective magnetic field around Earth. It orbited for 12 years before crashing into the
Ocean.
Event #4
Wow, Russia has really been winning the ―space race‖ so far. This is a big blow to the
American scientists—Russia sends the first man into outer space…a guy named Yuri
Gregarin. On April 12, 1961, Vostok 1 blasts off and Yuri returns nearly 2 hours later
after completing one orbit and parachuting from a few miles off the ground. Dang!
Event #5
America strikes back, sending its first astronaut, Alan Shepard, into space. The
mission is called Mercury Freedom 7. It lasted only 16 minutes and didn’t actually go
in complete orbit around Earth.  Shepard was still hailed as a hero, and he later
became the 5th person to walk on the moon. It stung American scientists, though, that
they lost the race to send a person into space by less than one month. Boo.
Shepard on the navy ship that rescued
him after his ocean splashdown.
Event #6
Vostok 6 blasted off in Russia on June 16, 1963. On board was the first woman in
space, so the Russians beat us again. Her name was Valentia Tereshkova, and she
recorded data about the atmosphere for 3 days before returning safely to Earth.
Event #7
Here go the Russians again. Not happy with just going into space, on the mission
Voskhod 2, they actually let one of their cosmonauts leave the space ship! Alexei
Leonov left the spaceship (attached to it by a tether cord) and stayed out in space for
around 12 minutes. Cool. Except that his space suit inflated (due to outer space being
a vacuum) and he almost wasn’t able to make it back inside the ship. Brave Alexei.
Event #8
President Kennedy issued the challenge in 1962 that America NEEDED to go to the
moon because it would be so hard to do so. And less than a decade later, we did.
Nobody else has managed this feat. America just jumped way ahead of Russia in the
space race. On July 20, 1969, the Apollo 11 mission lands on the moon, and Neil
Armstrong utters the famous words, ―one small step for a man, one giant leap for
mankind.‖ USA! USA! USA!
This is awesome.
Event #9
NASA scientists had envisioned a permanent space station, and in 1973, Skylab began
a 12-year experiment to see how practical the idea was. Skylab used large solar
panels to provide electricity for itself, and allowed other spacecraft to float near it and
―dock.‖ This allowed crew members to enter Skylab and leave when they needed to.
Three such dockings occurred. The Skylab experiment ended, but provided valuable
information about the realism of life in space.
A docking pod, where crew from
another space flight could enter
Skylab.
Event #10
July 1975 – The final Apollo mission was a good one. After nearly 20 years of outdoing
each other, America and Russia agree to do a mission together. The Space Race is
pretty much done at this point—we can be friends now. Apollo 18 and the Soviet ship
Soyuz 19 fly into space and dock with each other—allowing the American and Russian
crew members to meet in space. Cool.
Event #11
It was just a matter of time (a few years later) when NASA would actually send one of
the new space shuttles into space for a real mission. In 1981, the Columbia blasted off
with the help of booster rockets, then landed on an Air Force base in California after 2
days in space.
Event #12
NASA had two MAJOR incidents that shook America’s confidence in the space program.
The explosions of Challenger and Columbia slowed down how often we went into space.
Fortunately, one of the big achievements that happened after the Columbia disaster was
the successful launching of the Hubble Space Telescope by the shuttle Discovery in
1990.This telescope has given us incredible images of events and objects far distant in
1991.the universe. Good job, Discovery.
One of the thousands of awesome images taken
by the H.S.T.
Event #13
Another crowning achievement for modern scientists is a project worked on mainly by
five nations—a space station appropriately named the International Space Station.
Construction began in 1998 and is scheduled to be finished sometime in 2011. Shuttles
fly crew and equipment to the space station frequently, where scientists stay for weeks
at a time doing experiments in outer space. The I.S.S. is big enough to see without a
telescope if you catch it at the right time of year at night. Pretty neat that it’s up there.
Cool.
Space Economy
The narrow definition:
• Governments, launch industry, commercial satellites;
entrepreneurial activities (about $100 billion per year)
A bit more expansive:
• Equipment: ground stations, receivers, satellite dishes, etc.
(about $80 billion per year)
Larger yet:
• Secondary products and services (value added weather and
remote sensing, spin-off industries and technologies, etc.)
• Space goods and services as a ―backbone‖ infrastructure that, if
we didn’t have it, many essential capabilities would not function.
2005
2006
2007
2008
Space Commercial Transportation Services
Infrastructure Support Industries
International Government Space Budgets
U.S. Gov't Space Budgets
Commercial Services and Infrastructure
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
$Billions
$257 Billion in
Space Activity
Globally in 2008
Governments Expenditure
So, if the space sector is so
small, why does space get
so much attention?
Exxon-Mobil, in comparison, had sales of nearly $400 billion in 2006
Commercial
space services
that did not exist
in 1980
Because of: IMPACT
Spinoff Examples
So, why it is difficult for
entrepreneurs to access
space? Why investors are
reluctant to invest in space
Challenges: Public Perception
• Astronauts
• Shuttle and launch vehicles that have mediocre performance
success
• Consumer products
– Knowledge that they are at least partially space-based
– When services are delivered, public really doesn’t care how they are
delivered--a phone call is a phone call
– Public is relatively ignorant of the cost and contributions of space R&D
and investments
• Cold War technology and mentality
• Same thinking often permeates government policy toward space
and commercial space
Challenges: Space is for Rocket
Scientists
• Too abstract, complex, and removed from perception of
everyday life
• Message is difficult to communicate
– In fact, NASA may be its own worst enemy
• Because of focus on human space flight
• What happens if we turn off all satellite services for 24 hours?
– A true measure of their importance
Challenges: Space is Expensive
and Risky
Huge entry barrier to entrepreneurs:
• Large investments required
• Long waiting time until Return-On-Investment
• Few players, mostly large corporates and the government
• Space assets are fragile: very vulnerable and no immediate
backups are available
• Specific knowledge and expertise are needed
• Risk: rockets may explode!
The Benefits
+ Low competition
+ High chance of public-private
partnerships
+ High profits
+ International cooperation and business
opportunities
+ Long term business and customer
relations
Emerging Space I
- Space disasters and cost
- NASA policy change
- Technology advancement
- Knowledge access
- New generation of Hi-tech entrepreneurs
- Easy funding (crowdfunding, emerging
space angels and VCs)
Emerging Space II
Propulsion Storage and
transfer
Laser comm Early stage
innovations
Flight
opportunities
programs
Small satellite
programs
Support Software and tools
Examples
THANK YOU

More Related Content

What's hot

Indian space research organisation (ISRO)
Indian space research organisation (ISRO)Indian space research organisation (ISRO)
Indian space research organisation (ISRO)
Vaddi Aditya
 
International Goals in Space, Indian Space Program
International Goals in Space, Indian Space ProgramInternational Goals in Space, Indian Space Program
International Goals in Space, Indian Space Program
American Astronautical Society
 
Earth As A Planet
Earth As A PlanetEarth As A Planet
Earth As A Planet
kampkorten
 
History of gis
History of gisHistory of gis
History of gis
Ehtisham Wajid
 
World oil resources
World oil resourcesWorld oil resources
World oil resources
Mohammad Imran Khan
 
International Space Station
International Space StationInternational Space Station
International Space Station
Nishith Jain
 
ACHIEVEMENTS OF ISRO
ACHIEVEMENTS OF ISROACHIEVEMENTS OF ISRO
ACHIEVEMENTS OF ISRO
Amarendra Kumar
 
ASTRONOMY
ASTRONOMYASTRONOMY
ASTRONOMY
John Lester
 
Space Station
Space StationSpace Station
Space Station
Emied Jacinto
 
Mission moon
Mission moonMission moon
Mission moonJai Gupta
 
Earth Observation Satellites
Earth Observation SatellitesEarth Observation Satellites
Earth Observation Satellites
Divya Basuti
 
Space x ppt
Space x pptSpace x ppt
Space x ppt
SugaWithMyTae
 
Space x power point
Space x power pointSpace x power point
Space x power point
Fahad Waleed
 
Nano satellite by anil
Nano satellite by anilNano satellite by anil
Nano satellite by anil
Anil Yadav
 
NASA Achievements - Past, Present and Future
NASA Achievements - Past, Present and FutureNASA Achievements - Past, Present and Future
NASA Achievements - Past, Present and Future
EdRodriguez29
 
CHANDRAYAAN 1 AND 2
 CHANDRAYAAN 1 AND 2 CHANDRAYAAN 1 AND 2
CHANDRAYAAN 1 AND 2
pranjeet
 
Study of Solar system
Study of Solar systemStudy of Solar system
Study of Solar system
Jahangir Alam
 
Mars Mission of india (MANGALYAN)
Mars Mission of india (MANGALYAN)Mars Mission of india (MANGALYAN)
Mars Mission of india (MANGALYAN)
Pravin Dahale
 
Indian remote sensing satellites
Indian  remote  sensing  satellitesIndian  remote  sensing  satellites
Indian remote sensing satellites
Pramoda Raj
 

What's hot (20)

Indian space research organisation (ISRO)
Indian space research organisation (ISRO)Indian space research organisation (ISRO)
Indian space research organisation (ISRO)
 
International Goals in Space, Indian Space Program
International Goals in Space, Indian Space ProgramInternational Goals in Space, Indian Space Program
International Goals in Space, Indian Space Program
 
Earth As A Planet
Earth As A PlanetEarth As A Planet
Earth As A Planet
 
History of gis
History of gisHistory of gis
History of gis
 
World oil resources
World oil resourcesWorld oil resources
World oil resources
 
International Space Station
International Space StationInternational Space Station
International Space Station
 
ACHIEVEMENTS OF ISRO
ACHIEVEMENTS OF ISROACHIEVEMENTS OF ISRO
ACHIEVEMENTS OF ISRO
 
ASTRONOMY
ASTRONOMYASTRONOMY
ASTRONOMY
 
Space Station
Space StationSpace Station
Space Station
 
Mission moon
Mission moonMission moon
Mission moon
 
Earth Observation Satellites
Earth Observation SatellitesEarth Observation Satellites
Earth Observation Satellites
 
Space x ppt
Space x pptSpace x ppt
Space x ppt
 
Space x power point
Space x power pointSpace x power point
Space x power point
 
Nano satellite by anil
Nano satellite by anilNano satellite by anil
Nano satellite by anil
 
NASA Achievements - Past, Present and Future
NASA Achievements - Past, Present and FutureNASA Achievements - Past, Present and Future
NASA Achievements - Past, Present and Future
 
CHANDRAYAAN 1 AND 2
 CHANDRAYAAN 1 AND 2 CHANDRAYAAN 1 AND 2
CHANDRAYAAN 1 AND 2
 
NASA
NASANASA
NASA
 
Study of Solar system
Study of Solar systemStudy of Solar system
Study of Solar system
 
Mars Mission of india (MANGALYAN)
Mars Mission of india (MANGALYAN)Mars Mission of india (MANGALYAN)
Mars Mission of india (MANGALYAN)
 
Indian remote sensing satellites
Indian  remote  sensing  satellitesIndian  remote  sensing  satellites
Indian remote sensing satellites
 

Similar to Commercial Space Entrepreneurship

Space timeline
Space timelineSpace timeline
Space timelineHoskins355
 
The Invention Of Satellite
The Invention Of SatelliteThe Invention Of Satellite
The Invention Of Satellite
sjenglishclub
 
Development of space technologies from ancient times up to the present
Development of space technologies from ancient times up to the presentDevelopment of space technologies from ancient times up to the present
Development of space technologies from ancient times up to the presentCryptic Mae Lazarte
 
Building%20Blocks%20To%20Space
Building%20Blocks%20To%20SpaceBuilding%20Blocks%20To%20Space
Building%20Blocks%20To%20SpaceDavidSP1996
 
The NASA and the Apollo 11
The NASA and the Apollo 11The NASA and the Apollo 11
The NASA and the Apollo 11salvafuentes8
 
How Has Apollo 13 Changed
How Has Apollo 13 ChangedHow Has Apollo 13 Changed
How Has Apollo 13 Changed
Kristen Wilson
 
Presentation On NASA.pdf
 Presentation On NASA.pdf Presentation On NASA.pdf
Presentation On NASA.pdf
UmairMushtaq42
 
Proficiency 2 Astronomy Science
Proficiency 2 Astronomy ScienceProficiency 2 Astronomy Science
Proficiency 2 Astronomy Sciencebrotjes15
 
Apollo 11 History
Apollo 11 HistoryApollo 11 History
Apollo 11 History
Katy Allen
 
Apollo 7 Photographs Of Our Day
Apollo 7 Photographs Of Our DayApollo 7 Photographs Of Our Day
Apollo 7 Photographs Of Our Day
Ashley Jean
 
SPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR MANKIND
SPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR MANKINDSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR MANKIND
SPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR MANKIND
Vishal Pandey
 
1.1 History of space flight.pptx
1.1 History of space flight.pptx1.1 History of space flight.pptx
1.1 History of space flight.pptx
VIGNESHRSTUDENTAERO
 
Satellites
SatellitesSatellites
Satellites
frenchie07
 
Ride Your Imagination to Space – by Nalaka Gunawardene
Ride Your Imagination to Space – by Nalaka GunawardeneRide Your Imagination to Space – by Nalaka Gunawardene
Ride Your Imagination to Space – by Nalaka Gunawardene
Nalaka Gunawardene
 
The Case of Apollo Missions
The Case of Apollo MissionsThe Case of Apollo Missions
The Case of Apollo Missions
Harsa Mitra
 
Space Quiz 2014
Space Quiz 2014Space Quiz 2014
Space Quiz 2014
parthiben1
 
ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE PPT
ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE PPTARTIFICIAL SATELLITE PPT
ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE PPT
SanjeevKamboj4
 

Similar to Commercial Space Entrepreneurship (20)

Space timeline
Space timelineSpace timeline
Space timeline
 
The Invention Of Satellite
The Invention Of SatelliteThe Invention Of Satellite
The Invention Of Satellite
 
Nasa
NasaNasa
Nasa
 
Development of space technologies from ancient times up to the present
Development of space technologies from ancient times up to the presentDevelopment of space technologies from ancient times up to the present
Development of space technologies from ancient times up to the present
 
Building%20Blocks%20To%20Space
Building%20Blocks%20To%20SpaceBuilding%20Blocks%20To%20Space
Building%20Blocks%20To%20Space
 
The NASA and the Apollo 11
The NASA and the Apollo 11The NASA and the Apollo 11
The NASA and the Apollo 11
 
How Has Apollo 13 Changed
How Has Apollo 13 ChangedHow Has Apollo 13 Changed
How Has Apollo 13 Changed
 
Presentation On NASA.pdf
 Presentation On NASA.pdf Presentation On NASA.pdf
Presentation On NASA.pdf
 
Proficiency 2 Astronomy Science
Proficiency 2 Astronomy ScienceProficiency 2 Astronomy Science
Proficiency 2 Astronomy Science
 
Apollo 11 History
Apollo 11 HistoryApollo 11 History
Apollo 11 History
 
Apollo 7 Photographs Of Our Day
Apollo 7 Photographs Of Our DayApollo 7 Photographs Of Our Day
Apollo 7 Photographs Of Our Day
 
SPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR MANKIND
SPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR MANKINDSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR MANKIND
SPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR MANKIND
 
1.1 History of space flight.pptx
1.1 History of space flight.pptx1.1 History of space flight.pptx
1.1 History of space flight.pptx
 
Satellites
SatellitesSatellites
Satellites
 
Ride Your Imagination to Space – by Nalaka Gunawardene
Ride Your Imagination to Space – by Nalaka GunawardeneRide Your Imagination to Space – by Nalaka Gunawardene
Ride Your Imagination to Space – by Nalaka Gunawardene
 
Nasa Project
Nasa ProjectNasa Project
Nasa Project
 
The Case of Apollo Missions
The Case of Apollo MissionsThe Case of Apollo Missions
The Case of Apollo Missions
 
Space Quiz 2014
Space Quiz 2014Space Quiz 2014
Space Quiz 2014
 
Sky Lab
Sky Lab Sky Lab
Sky Lab
 
ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE PPT
ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE PPTARTIFICIAL SATELLITE PPT
ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE PPT
 

Recently uploaded

Michael Economou - Don't build a marketplace.pdf
Michael Economou - Don't build a marketplace.pdfMichael Economou - Don't build a marketplace.pdf
Michael Economou - Don't build a marketplace.pdf
Michael Oikonomou
 
Zeeshan Hayat - A Guide to Efficient Business Management.pdf
Zeeshan Hayat - A Guide to Efficient Business Management.pdfZeeshan Hayat - A Guide to Efficient Business Management.pdf
Zeeshan Hayat - A Guide to Efficient Business Management.pdf
Zeeshan Hayat
 
Create a spend money transaction during bank reconciliation.pdf
Create a spend money transaction during bank reconciliation.pdfCreate a spend money transaction during bank reconciliation.pdf
Create a spend money transaction during bank reconciliation.pdf
andreakaterasco
 
Showcase Portfolio- Marian Andrea Tana.pdf
Showcase Portfolio- Marian Andrea Tana.pdfShowcase Portfolio- Marian Andrea Tana.pdf
Showcase Portfolio- Marian Andrea Tana.pdf
MarianAndreaSTana
 
在线办理(uofc毕业证书)芝加哥大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
在线办理(uofc毕业证书)芝加哥大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样在线办理(uofc毕业证书)芝加哥大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
在线办理(uofc毕业证书)芝加哥大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
pv4uhplv
 
Best Crypto Marketing Ideas to Lead Your Project to Success
Best Crypto Marketing Ideas to Lead Your Project to SuccessBest Crypto Marketing Ideas to Lead Your Project to Success
Best Crypto Marketing Ideas to Lead Your Project to Success
Intelisync
 
Get To Know About Salma Karina Hayat.pdf
Get To Know About Salma Karina Hayat.pdfGet To Know About Salma Karina Hayat.pdf
Get To Know About Salma Karina Hayat.pdf
Salma Karina Hayat
 
How To Leak-Proof Your Magazine Business
How To Leak-Proof Your Magazine BusinessHow To Leak-Proof Your Magazine Business
How To Leak-Proof Your Magazine Business
Charlie McDermott
 
Legal Mandates of technopreneurship.pptx
Legal Mandates of technopreneurship.pptxLegal Mandates of technopreneurship.pptx
Legal Mandates of technopreneurship.pptx
JadielByronAntonio
 

Recently uploaded (9)

Michael Economou - Don't build a marketplace.pdf
Michael Economou - Don't build a marketplace.pdfMichael Economou - Don't build a marketplace.pdf
Michael Economou - Don't build a marketplace.pdf
 
Zeeshan Hayat - A Guide to Efficient Business Management.pdf
Zeeshan Hayat - A Guide to Efficient Business Management.pdfZeeshan Hayat - A Guide to Efficient Business Management.pdf
Zeeshan Hayat - A Guide to Efficient Business Management.pdf
 
Create a spend money transaction during bank reconciliation.pdf
Create a spend money transaction during bank reconciliation.pdfCreate a spend money transaction during bank reconciliation.pdf
Create a spend money transaction during bank reconciliation.pdf
 
Showcase Portfolio- Marian Andrea Tana.pdf
Showcase Portfolio- Marian Andrea Tana.pdfShowcase Portfolio- Marian Andrea Tana.pdf
Showcase Portfolio- Marian Andrea Tana.pdf
 
在线办理(uofc毕业证书)芝加哥大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
在线办理(uofc毕业证书)芝加哥大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样在线办理(uofc毕业证书)芝加哥大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
在线办理(uofc毕业证书)芝加哥大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
 
Best Crypto Marketing Ideas to Lead Your Project to Success
Best Crypto Marketing Ideas to Lead Your Project to SuccessBest Crypto Marketing Ideas to Lead Your Project to Success
Best Crypto Marketing Ideas to Lead Your Project to Success
 
Get To Know About Salma Karina Hayat.pdf
Get To Know About Salma Karina Hayat.pdfGet To Know About Salma Karina Hayat.pdf
Get To Know About Salma Karina Hayat.pdf
 
How To Leak-Proof Your Magazine Business
How To Leak-Proof Your Magazine BusinessHow To Leak-Proof Your Magazine Business
How To Leak-Proof Your Magazine Business
 
Legal Mandates of technopreneurship.pptx
Legal Mandates of technopreneurship.pptxLegal Mandates of technopreneurship.pptx
Legal Mandates of technopreneurship.pptx
 

Commercial Space Entrepreneurship

  • 2. History of Space Exploration Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935) Dr. Robert H. Goddard (1882-1945) Dr. Wernher von Braun (1912-1977) Sergei Korolev (1907-1966)
  • 3. Event #1 Oct. 4, 1957. The Soviet Union launches a satellite into space named Sputnik 1. It was a very simple device that took measurements of the upper layer of the atmos- sphere and sent information by radio signals down to the planet. It orbits every hour- and-a-half before it re-entered the atmosphere and burned up 3 months after launch.
  • 4. Event #2 November 3, 1957: Sputnik 2 is launched, and everyone is stunned to see that this spacecraft has a ―pilot‖ on board—a dog named Laika (pronounced lye-ee-kuh). The sad part was that Laika was never going to be recovered—there was no plan for the dog to ever land safely on Earth. It was thought to be able to live 10 days in space, but may not have lasted an hour when some of the life-support systems malfunctioned. 
  • 5. Event #3 The Americans finally get in the act, on February 1, 1958. Explorer 1 is the USA’s first launched satellite to orbit Earth. It transmitted valuable new information about the protective magnetic field around Earth. It orbited for 12 years before crashing into the Ocean.
  • 6. Event #4 Wow, Russia has really been winning the ―space race‖ so far. This is a big blow to the American scientists—Russia sends the first man into outer space…a guy named Yuri Gregarin. On April 12, 1961, Vostok 1 blasts off and Yuri returns nearly 2 hours later after completing one orbit and parachuting from a few miles off the ground. Dang!
  • 7. Event #5 America strikes back, sending its first astronaut, Alan Shepard, into space. The mission is called Mercury Freedom 7. It lasted only 16 minutes and didn’t actually go in complete orbit around Earth.  Shepard was still hailed as a hero, and he later became the 5th person to walk on the moon. It stung American scientists, though, that they lost the race to send a person into space by less than one month. Boo. Shepard on the navy ship that rescued him after his ocean splashdown.
  • 8. Event #6 Vostok 6 blasted off in Russia on June 16, 1963. On board was the first woman in space, so the Russians beat us again. Her name was Valentia Tereshkova, and she recorded data about the atmosphere for 3 days before returning safely to Earth.
  • 9. Event #7 Here go the Russians again. Not happy with just going into space, on the mission Voskhod 2, they actually let one of their cosmonauts leave the space ship! Alexei Leonov left the spaceship (attached to it by a tether cord) and stayed out in space for around 12 minutes. Cool. Except that his space suit inflated (due to outer space being a vacuum) and he almost wasn’t able to make it back inside the ship. Brave Alexei.
  • 10. Event #8 President Kennedy issued the challenge in 1962 that America NEEDED to go to the moon because it would be so hard to do so. And less than a decade later, we did. Nobody else has managed this feat. America just jumped way ahead of Russia in the space race. On July 20, 1969, the Apollo 11 mission lands on the moon, and Neil Armstrong utters the famous words, ―one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.‖ USA! USA! USA! This is awesome.
  • 11. Event #9 NASA scientists had envisioned a permanent space station, and in 1973, Skylab began a 12-year experiment to see how practical the idea was. Skylab used large solar panels to provide electricity for itself, and allowed other spacecraft to float near it and ―dock.‖ This allowed crew members to enter Skylab and leave when they needed to. Three such dockings occurred. The Skylab experiment ended, but provided valuable information about the realism of life in space. A docking pod, where crew from another space flight could enter Skylab.
  • 12. Event #10 July 1975 – The final Apollo mission was a good one. After nearly 20 years of outdoing each other, America and Russia agree to do a mission together. The Space Race is pretty much done at this point—we can be friends now. Apollo 18 and the Soviet ship Soyuz 19 fly into space and dock with each other—allowing the American and Russian crew members to meet in space. Cool.
  • 13. Event #11 It was just a matter of time (a few years later) when NASA would actually send one of the new space shuttles into space for a real mission. In 1981, the Columbia blasted off with the help of booster rockets, then landed on an Air Force base in California after 2 days in space.
  • 14. Event #12 NASA had two MAJOR incidents that shook America’s confidence in the space program. The explosions of Challenger and Columbia slowed down how often we went into space. Fortunately, one of the big achievements that happened after the Columbia disaster was the successful launching of the Hubble Space Telescope by the shuttle Discovery in 1990.This telescope has given us incredible images of events and objects far distant in 1991.the universe. Good job, Discovery. One of the thousands of awesome images taken by the H.S.T.
  • 15. Event #13 Another crowning achievement for modern scientists is a project worked on mainly by five nations—a space station appropriately named the International Space Station. Construction began in 1998 and is scheduled to be finished sometime in 2011. Shuttles fly crew and equipment to the space station frequently, where scientists stay for weeks at a time doing experiments in outer space. The I.S.S. is big enough to see without a telescope if you catch it at the right time of year at night. Pretty neat that it’s up there. Cool.
  • 16. Space Economy The narrow definition: • Governments, launch industry, commercial satellites; entrepreneurial activities (about $100 billion per year) A bit more expansive: • Equipment: ground stations, receivers, satellite dishes, etc. (about $80 billion per year) Larger yet: • Secondary products and services (value added weather and remote sensing, spin-off industries and technologies, etc.) • Space goods and services as a ―backbone‖ infrastructure that, if we didn’t have it, many essential capabilities would not function. 2005 2006 2007 2008 Space Commercial Transportation Services Infrastructure Support Industries International Government Space Budgets U.S. Gov't Space Budgets Commercial Services and Infrastructure 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 $Billions $257 Billion in Space Activity Globally in 2008
  • 18. So, if the space sector is so small, why does space get so much attention? Exxon-Mobil, in comparison, had sales of nearly $400 billion in 2006
  • 19. Commercial space services that did not exist in 1980 Because of: IMPACT
  • 21. So, why it is difficult for entrepreneurs to access space? Why investors are reluctant to invest in space
  • 22. Challenges: Public Perception • Astronauts • Shuttle and launch vehicles that have mediocre performance success • Consumer products – Knowledge that they are at least partially space-based – When services are delivered, public really doesn’t care how they are delivered--a phone call is a phone call – Public is relatively ignorant of the cost and contributions of space R&D and investments • Cold War technology and mentality • Same thinking often permeates government policy toward space and commercial space
  • 23. Challenges: Space is for Rocket Scientists • Too abstract, complex, and removed from perception of everyday life • Message is difficult to communicate – In fact, NASA may be its own worst enemy • Because of focus on human space flight • What happens if we turn off all satellite services for 24 hours? – A true measure of their importance
  • 24. Challenges: Space is Expensive and Risky Huge entry barrier to entrepreneurs: • Large investments required • Long waiting time until Return-On-Investment • Few players, mostly large corporates and the government • Space assets are fragile: very vulnerable and no immediate backups are available • Specific knowledge and expertise are needed • Risk: rockets may explode!
  • 25. The Benefits + Low competition + High chance of public-private partnerships + High profits + International cooperation and business opportunities + Long term business and customer relations
  • 26. Emerging Space I - Space disasters and cost - NASA policy change - Technology advancement - Knowledge access - New generation of Hi-tech entrepreneurs - Easy funding (crowdfunding, emerging space angels and VCs)
  • 27. Emerging Space II Propulsion Storage and transfer Laser comm Early stage innovations Flight opportunities programs Small satellite programs Support Software and tools