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Freedom for africa
After World War II, many African countries sought independence from European colonial rule, inspired by India and other Asian nations that had gained freedom. Ghana was the first to gain independence, through nonviolent tactics led by Kwame Nkrumah. Algeria had to fight violently against French forces for independence. Kenya also struggled for independence from Britain, with Jomo Kenyatta leading the movement. Some newly independent nations like the Congo experienced civil war and unrest as they were unprepared to govern. South Africa imposed the system of apartheid that denied political power and rights to the black majority until the end of apartheid in the 1990s.
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Freedom for africa
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- 2. Africa follows Asia ď‚—After India gained independence, many other Asian countries sought independence, mostly peacefully. ď‚— African groups, like Asian groups, experienced nationalistic movements. ď‚— People of Africa wanted freedom from European control, after World War II.
- 3. Ghana  Ghana wasthe first African country to gain independence after World War II.  Kwame Nkrumah followed Gandhi's example and used boycotts and nonviolence to get Ghana’s independence.
- 4. Algeria ď‚— Algerians hadto fight to gain independence from France. ď‚— The Algerian National Liberation Front had to fight hundreds of thousands of French soldiers.
- 5. Kenya ď‚— In Kenya,the British and their settlers did not want to grant Kenya independence. ď‚— Jomo Kenyatta, the leader of Kenyan nationalism, was arrested for failing to stand up to guerilla fighters, fighting for independence. ď‚— When Kenya was given independence, Jomo was the first president.
- 6. The Congo ď‚—Some places experienced more violence when they became free. ď‚— The people of the Congo were not prepared to run a country when freed. ď‚— Rival ethnicities hated each other and a civil war broke out. ď‚— Finally a dictator took over.
- 7. South Africa ď‚— SouthAfrica was an unusual country, granted independence prior to both World Wars. ď‚— However, the small white South African population created a political system that kept the majority black South African population out of power.
- 8. Apartheid  Apartheid – legalizedracial segregation in South Africa  Black South Africans were denied the vote and forced to live on land bad for farming.
- 9. The African National Congress ď‚—Groups protested this racist policy. ď‚— The most famous group to protest apartheid was the African National Congress. ď‚— Leaders were arrested (Nelson Mandala) or killed (Stephen Biko)
- 10. Equality ď‚— In 1989,a new president was elected and began to end apartheid. ď‚— Mandela was freed from prison soon after. ď‚— In 1994, in the first universal election, Mandela was elected president. He was the first black South African President.