The document discusses the differences between satellites and spacecrafts. A spacecraft is a vehicle designed to operate in outer space and is used for purposes like communication, exploration, and transporting humans. Satellites are spacecraft that orbit Earth or other celestial bodies. The first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. Since then, around 6,600 satellites have been launched, with about 1,000 currently operational. Major space agencies like NASA have launched notable missions and collaborate on space exploration and research.

1. Satellites and Spacecrafts
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By: Martín Álvarez, Víctor Horno and
Álvaro García de Jalón

2. Main Points
 Difference between satellites and spacecrafts
 Spacecrafts
 History of spacecrafts
 Satellites
 NASA

3. Concept
 A spacecraft is a vehicle or device designed for travel or
operation outside the Earth’s atmosphere.
 A satellite is an spacecraft that orbits the Earth, the moon, or
another celestial body.

4. Spacecrafts

5. Spacecrafts
 Aspacecraft is a vehicle designed to fly in outer space.
 Spacecraft are used for a variety of purposes:
including communications, earth
observation, meteorology, navigation, space
colonization, planetary exploration, and
transportation of humans and cargo.
 Just 24 nations actually have spacefaring technology, this are the
most important ones: Russia, the United States, the member
states of the European Space Agency, the Republic of China,
Japan.

6. History of Spacecrafts
 The name of the first artificial spacecraft which was
launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet
Union in 1957 was Sputnik .
 As it reached the space new political, military,
technological, and scientific developments took place.
 While Sputnik 1 was the first spacecraft to orbit the
Earth, other man-made objects had previously reached
an altitude of 100 km, which is the height required by
the international organization Fédération
Aéronautique Internationale to count as a spaceflight.

7. Manned spacecrafts
 As of 2011, only three nations have flown
manned spacecraft: USSR/Russia, USA, and
China.
 The first manned spacecraft was Vostok 1,
which carried Soviet cosmonaut Yuri
Gagarin into space in 1961, and completed a
full Earth orbit.
 The second manned spacecraft was
named Freedom 7, and it performed a sub-orbital
spaceflight in 1961 carrying American
astronaut Alan Shepard to an altitude of just
over 187 kilometres.

8. Spaceplanes
 Some reusable vehicles have been designed
only for manned spaceflight, and these are
often called spaceplanes.
 The first automatic partially reusable
spacecraft was the Buran (Snowstorm),
launched by the USSR on November 15,
1988, although it made only one flight.

9. Satellites

10. Satellites
 Asatellite is an artificial object which has been
intentionally placed into orbit.
 Satellites are used for a large number of purposes.
Common types include military and civilian, Earth
observation satellites, communication, navigation
satellites, weather satellites, and research satellites.
 The name of the first artificial satellite which was
launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the
Soviet Union in 1957 was Sputnik .

11. Satellites
 About 6,600 satellites have been
launched. The latest estimates are that
3,600 remain in orbit. Of those, about
1,000 are operational; the rest have
lived out their useful lives and are
part of the space debris.
 Satellites are usually semi-independent
computer-controlled
systems.

12. NASA
 The National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) is the United States
government agency that is responsible for the
civilian space program as well as
for aeronautics and aerospace research.
 NASA collaborate in the Apollo moon landing
missions and other important programs.
 NASA shares data with various
national and international
organizations.