This document is a grammar book that provides an overview of various Spanish grammar topics in tables of contents and explanations. The tables of contents list topics such as verb tenses like the imperfect and preterit, conjunctions, possessive adjectives, commands, and subjunctive mood. Explanations are then provided for these topics, including conjugation tables and examples for verb forms and uses of conjunctions and subjunctive phrases.

1. Grammar Book

2. Table of Contents
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
Imperfect
Preterit
Por y Para
Stressed Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns
Ud. + Uds. Commands
Present Subjunctive
Subjunctive with Verbs of Will and Influence
Subjunctive w/Verbs of Emotion/Doubt, Disbelief,
and Denial
O Conjunctions
O Subjunctive in Adjective Clauses

3. Table of Contents Part 2
O Tu Commands
O Nosotros Commands
O Past Participles Used as Adjectives
O Present Perfect
O Past Perfect
O Future Tense
O Conditional Tense
O Past Subjunctive

4. Imperfect
AR - -aba, -abas, -aba, -ābamos, -aban
ER/IR - -īa, -īas, -īa, -īamos, -īan
Iba
Ībamos
Ibas
Iba
Era
Ēramos
Eras
Iban
Era
Veīa
Veīamos
Veīas
Eran
Veīa
Veīan
Trigger Words – Todos los días, a menudo, a veces, siempre, cada día, los lunes,
generalmente, mientras, de vez en cuando, muchas veces, frecuentemente

5. Ar Endings
Er/ir Endings
-ē -amos
-Ī -imos
-aste -aron
Preterit
-ō -aron
Dar/Ver Conjugation
Car
Gar
Zar
Leī
Ir/Ser Conjugations
Hice Hicimo
s
Diste/Viste
Dio/Vio Dieron/Vieron
-iō -ieron
Hacer
Di/Vi Dimos/Vimos
• Only in Yo form
• -quĕ
-iste -ieron
Fui Fuimos
Fuiste
Hiciste
Fue Fueron
Hizo Hiciero
-e
Leimos n
-imos
-iste
• -guĕ
Leiste
Y Changer
Leer
• -cĕ
Leyō
Leyeron
Andar
Estar
Poder
Poner
Querer
Anduv-
Estuv-
Pud-
Pus-
Quis-
-ieron
Decir
Dij-
-o
Traer
Traj-
Conduc Produci Traduci
ir
r
r
CondujSaber
ProdujTener
Sup-
Tuv-
TradujVenir
Vin-

6. Por y Para
Por
Para
Motion or a
general location
Destination
Duration of an
action
Deadline or a
specific time in the
future
Object of a search
Purpose or goal
Means by which
something is done
The recipient of
something
Unit of measure
Comparisons or
opinions
Por aqui
Por
ejemplo
Por eso
Por fin
Purpose
Exchange or
substitution
Both mean for
Por – Through Para – Towards
Para usually before infinitive
Employment

7. Stressed Possessive Adjectives
and Pronouns
Mio
Nuestro
Mi (s)
Nuestr
(a/os/as)
Mios
Nuestros
Tuyo
Long Form
Singular
Tu (s)
Short
Form
Tuyos
Long Form
Plural
Suyo
Su (s)
Su(s)
Suyos
Suyo
Attach the pronoun to a reflexive
when using a reflexive in the
infinitive form.
Use the long
form of the
possessive
adjective
Add el, la, los, or
las according to
the gender and
number of the
noun it replaces
Suyos
Um amigo mio.
• A friend of mine.
Comemos con unos
amigos nuestros
• We are eating with some
friends of ours.
Sus viajes son a diferentes lugares
• His trips are to different places
Y los tuyos, adonde son?
• And yours, where are they to?

8. Ud. + Uds. Commands
Drop “O” from
yo form then
add ending.
Ar Verb Er Verb
Ir Verb
-e
-a
-a
-en
-an
-an
Put in Ud. or
Uds. form w/ the
opp endings.

9. Present Subjunctive
Put verb into yo form
Tener
Tengo
Take off O
Traer
Traigo
Venir
Vengo
Ver
Veo
Add opposite ending
Conocer
Conozco
Decir
Digo
Dormir
Duermo
Hacer
Hago
Oir
Oigo
Pedir
Pido
Perder
Pierdo
Car
• -que
Gar
• -gue
Zar
Querer
Quiero
• -ce

10. Subjunctive with Verbs of Will
and Influence
Es
necesario
que
Es mejor
que
Es bueno
que
Triggers
Es
importante
que
Es triste
que
Es urgente
que
Es mal que
Sugeri
r (e-ie)
Aconseja
r
Importar
Insistir
(en)
Mandar
Prohibir
Recomend
ar (e-ie)
Rogar
(o-ue)
To
sugges
t
To advise
To be
important;
to matter
To insist
(on)
To order
To
prohibit
To
recommend
To beg; to
plead

11. Subjunctive w/Verbs of
Emotion/Doubt, Disbelief,
and Denial
Phrase
Translation
(no) Creer
(not) To believe
(no) Dudar
(not) To doubt
(no) Estar
seguro(a)
No cabe duda
de/No hay
duda de
There is no
doubt
(not) To be sure
Es (no)
possible
It’s (not)
possible
(no) Negar
(not) To deny
Es impossible
It’s impossible
(no) Es
probable
It’s not
probable
Es improbable
It’s improbable
It’s (not) true
Es obvio
It’s obvious
(no) Es cierto/
(no) Es verdad
(no) Es seguro
It’s not certain

12. Conjunctions
As soon as
Until
So that
Without
En cuanto /Tan
pronto como
Hasta que
Para que
Sin que
Unless
Before
Provided
that
After
In case
(that)
A menos
que
Antes de
Con tal que
Despues de
En caso que