The document provides an overview of grammar concepts including verbs, subjects, articles, tenses, question tags, direct and indirect speech, and active and passive voice. It explains each concept with definitions and examples, aiming to enhance understanding and application in English language usage. The content is geared towards simplifying the learning process for users and includes fun activities to practice these grammar topics.

1. Verb: The part of speech that expresses action, or state of being.
Subject: The part which names the person or thing we are speaking about in a
sentence.
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Subjects and Verbs

2. Subject and Verb Agreement
The Verb agrees with the Subject in Number and
Person
E.g. Sam and Harry are friends.
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Subjects and Verbs

3. Subjects and Verbs
 Harry Potter is an interesting book.
 Every boy and girl is ready to run for the
marathon.
Harry
Potter
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4. Objective
 Identify the mechanisms to use articles appropriately.
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Articles

5.  Articles: are Determiners.
 Types Of Articles
Indefinite – A / AN
Definite – THE
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Articles

6.  Indefinite Article (A)
 A dog is a faithful animal.
 A man is known by the company he keeps
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Articles

7.  Indefinite Article (AN)
 An Apple
 An Honest Man
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Articles

8.  Definite Article ( THE)
 Lets go to the Golf Club.
 The Solar System.
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Articles

9. Lets have fun
Identify articles in the songs
(Clips to be added)
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Articles

10. Objective
 Identify the correct usage of Tense in a sentence
 Identify the correct usage of Tense while speaking in English
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Tenses

11.  The Tense of a verb shows the time of action or event.
 Verb tenses are tools that English speakers use to express time in language.
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Tenses

12.  There are three main Tenses:
 Present Tense: a verb that refers to the present time. E.g. I write a letter.
 Past Tense: a verb that refers to the past time.
E.g. I wrote a letter.
 Future Tense: a verb that refers to the future time. E.g. I will write a letter.
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Tenses

13. Simple Present Simple Past
Simple Future
I study English
everyday.
Present Continuous Past Continuous Future Continuous
IS / AM / ARE +
verb in ING
I am studying English now.
WAS / WERE + verb in ING
I was studying English when you called
yesterday.
Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect
HAS / HAVE + P.P
I have studied English in several different
countries.
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Future Perfect Continuous
HAS / HAVE + BEEN + verb in ING
I have been studying English for five years.
Two years ago, I studied English in
England.
HAD + P.P.
I had studied a little English before I
moved to the U.S.
HAD + BEEN + verb in ING
I had been studying English for five years
before I moved to the U.S.
I will be studying English next year.
SHALL / WILL + BE + verb in ING
I will be studying English when you arrive
tonight.
SHALL / WILL + BE + verb in ING
I will be studying English when you arrive
tonight.
SHALL / WILL + HAS / HAVE + BEEN +
verb in ING
I will have been studying English for over
two hours by the time you arrive.
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Tenses

14.  Fun Time
Group A write a story in the Present
Group B write a story in the Past
Group C write a story in the Future
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15. Objective
 To aid formulating appropriate questions.
 To learn to convert ideas or sentences into questions.
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Question Tags

16.  Question tags are a grammatical structure in which a statement or
idea is turned into a question by adding an interrogative fragment
( tag ).
 Their pattern is ‘auxiliary + n’t + subject’, if the statement is ‘positive’ and
‘auxiliary + subject’, if the statement is ‘negative’.
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Question Tags

17. E.g.
Positive Sentence
 He has left already, hasn’t he?
 Andrew came to school yesterday, didn’t he?
Negative Sentence
 He doesn’t like tea, does he?
 John can’t speak English fluently, can he?
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Question Tags

18.  Lets have some fun
Peanut
Butter
Madonna
New
York
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Question Tags

19. Direct And Indirect Speech
Objective
 To understand the two ways of relating and quoting what someone has
said.
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20. Direct And Indirect Speech
 In Direct Speech the original speaker’s exact words are given and indicated
by quotation marks (“ ”)
 E.g. “I don’t know what to do,” said Dean.
 In Indirect Speech the exact meaning of the speaker’s words are given, but
the exact words are not directly quoted.
 E.g. Dean said that he didn’t know what to do.
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21. Direct And Indirect Speech
Some pointers to convert Direct Speech into Indirect
Speech and vice – versa.
 If the main verb is in the past tense, the present tense verbs in that sentence
must be changed to past tense.
 First and second person pronouns must be changed to third person
pronouns.
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22. Direct And Indirect Speech
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23.  Objective
To create awareness that using the Passive Voice
sounds more objective.
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Voice

24. Active Voice: The verb is active, when the subject (agent) does the action
(verb) to something (object).
E.g. The doctor wrote a prescription.
Passive Voice: The verb is passive,
when the subject takes the action upon itself.
E.g. The prescription was written by the doctor.
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Voice

25. Passive Voice
Jane is helped by Fred.
By whom was this done?
Grammar is taught to us by Ratna.
That skyscraper was built in 1934.
The refreshments are going to be
prepared by Karen.
Active Voice
Fred helps Jane.
Who did this?
Ratna teaches us grammar.
They built that skyscraper in 1934.
Karen is going to prepare the
refreshments.
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Voice