This study analyzed the municipal solid waste management practices in the Mirpur area of Dhaka City, Bangladesh using GIS. It found that about 353.34 tons of solid waste is generated per day in the study area, with most waste coming from residential sources. Currently, 41 waste collection bins collect about 57.43% of the waste, with the rest illegally dumped. 15 illegal dumping sites were identified. The study used GIS to propose optimizing the number and locations of waste collection bins to improve waste collection efficiency to 93.68%. GIS was found to be an efficient tool for studying appropriate dumping site selection and routing to facilitate waste management decision making.
Urban solid waste management in ghana an assessment of zoomlion’s approach to...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed Zoomlion's approach to solid waste management in Wa Municipality, Ghana. The study used interviews and surveys to examine waste collection methods. It found that the majority of households (45%) and businesses (76.7%) used communal waste containers for collection. However, 32.2% of households also used improper methods like burning or dumping. The study recommended integrating composting of organic waste and moving toward a holistic waste management system.
IRJET- A Comprehensive Study of Solid Waste Management in Mangalore City-Case...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on solid waste management in Mangalore City, India. It finds that Mangalore generates approximately 226 tons of solid waste per day, with per capita waste generation of 0.4524 kg per day and household per capita generation of 0.2095 kg per day. Though generation levels are not alarming, waste management practices need improvement. Currently there is some segregation, door-to-door collection, and processing via windrow composting and vermicomposting. However, most waste is ultimately landfilled. The study calls for better segregation, collection, and use of decentralized waste-to-energy technologies to reduce burden on landfills and improve sustainability of Mangalore's solid waste
A study on management of municipal solid waste in DelhiPremier Publishers
This document summarizes a study on the management of municipal solid waste in Delhi, India. It finds that Delhi generates thousands of tons of municipal solid waste daily due to its large and growing population. The study characterizes the waste produced in Delhi and finds high levels of biodegradable waste and inert materials like bricks and ashes. It evaluates the current waste collection system involving large bins and open dump sites, and identifies problems like insufficient bins and health issues caused by waste sites. The study concludes with suggestions for improving Delhi's municipal solid waste management system.
This document summarizes a study of the municipal solid waste management system in Meerut City, Uttar Pradesh, India. It finds that the total waste generation has increased 56% from 554 metric tonnes per day in 2006 to 865 metric tonnes per day in 2019. Per capita waste generation has also risen from 0.46 kg to 0.53 kg per day over this period. Waste collection is done door-to-door but is inefficient, and most households mix waste types. The entire waste collected is dumped in landfills outside the city without treatment, polluting air, land and water. There is a lack of adequate infrastructure like waste collection vehicles and staffing for effective solid waste management.
Characterization and quantization of solid waste in ganga villages of haridwarIJARIIT
One of the most emerging challenges of the modern world of rapid urbanization is management and disposal of solid
waste. Solid waste is generated from each and every household of the society so it is one of the most important aspects to
consider for the management and disposal factors of generated waste. About 47% of world’s population (3.31 billion) and
68.84% (0.83308 billion) of India’s population resides in rural areas. The results showed that average daily per capita of
household waste and cattle waste generation is 0.18, 18 kg/cap-day respectively. The main portion of household solid waste is
organic and bio-degradable which is around 75% and remaining fraction comprise of paper, polythene, plastics, textiles,
rubber, glass, metal and inert are 6.62, 2.45, 0.89, 2.57, 0.32, 0.42, 0.41 and 5.26 in percentage respectively. The bulk density of
household and cattle waste is 310.33 kg/m3, 805.076 kg/m3 respectively. The physical composition of household waste is
moisture content, ash content, organic content is 83%, 31%, and 69% respectively and chemical characteristics (food and
organic fraction) of the generated waste including the amount of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus is 1.74, 0.34, and 0.7 %
respectively. Heavy metals in the waste were found to be in a very trace amount, so no further treatment is required.
As the above results show that the bigger part of the solid waste generated in studied areas is organic and bio-degradable
and most suitable techniques for this type of waste are composting and bio-methanation. For further treatment, this waste can
be composted and used as fertilizer in agricultural fields and another way to deal with this waste is installation of bio-gas plant
in which methane can be produced and the remaining slurry can be converted in to nutrient rich compost for agricultural
purpose to minimize the chemical fertilizer application especially in the agricultural field nearby the river. Finally, 100% of
the solid waste has been utilized and its useful by-products are bio-gas and fertilizer generation, creating a win-win situation.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Study of Muncipal Solid Waste Management Scenario of Kadapa CityIJERA Editor
This document discusses municipal solid waste management in Kadapa City, India. It provides background on solid waste generation and management. Specifically:
- Kadapa generates approximately 206 tons of solid waste per day currently. Domestic waste from households accounts for around 45% of total waste.
- The total waste generated is projected to increase to 353 tons per day by 2031 as consumption increases with population and economic growth.
- The current solid waste management system in Kadapa faces deficiencies like lack of financial resources and management skills to handle the large and changing quantities and types of waste. Proper planning and resources are needed to improve the system.
An appraisal of solid waste generation and management in jalingo city, nigeria.Alexander Decker
- The document analyzes solid waste generation and management in Jalingo City, Nigeria from 2000-2008. It found the population grew substantially and waste generation increased from 2,017 tonnes/month to 2,519 tonnes/month.
- Waste management fluctuated over this period due to issues like inadequate resources and equipment. Collection peaked at 1,296 tonnes in 2006 but was lowest at 953 tonnes in 2005.
- Regression analysis found no relationship between waste generation levels and management levels in the city, indicating waste is accumulating and the city risks becoming overrun with garbage without improved management strategies.
Urban solid waste management in ghana an assessment of zoomlion’s approach to...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed Zoomlion's approach to solid waste management in Wa Municipality, Ghana. The study used interviews and surveys to examine waste collection methods. It found that the majority of households (45%) and businesses (76.7%) used communal waste containers for collection. However, 32.2% of households also used improper methods like burning or dumping. The study recommended integrating composting of organic waste and moving toward a holistic waste management system.
IRJET- A Comprehensive Study of Solid Waste Management in Mangalore City-Case...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on solid waste management in Mangalore City, India. It finds that Mangalore generates approximately 226 tons of solid waste per day, with per capita waste generation of 0.4524 kg per day and household per capita generation of 0.2095 kg per day. Though generation levels are not alarming, waste management practices need improvement. Currently there is some segregation, door-to-door collection, and processing via windrow composting and vermicomposting. However, most waste is ultimately landfilled. The study calls for better segregation, collection, and use of decentralized waste-to-energy technologies to reduce burden on landfills and improve sustainability of Mangalore's solid waste
A study on management of municipal solid waste in DelhiPremier Publishers
This document summarizes a study on the management of municipal solid waste in Delhi, India. It finds that Delhi generates thousands of tons of municipal solid waste daily due to its large and growing population. The study characterizes the waste produced in Delhi and finds high levels of biodegradable waste and inert materials like bricks and ashes. It evaluates the current waste collection system involving large bins and open dump sites, and identifies problems like insufficient bins and health issues caused by waste sites. The study concludes with suggestions for improving Delhi's municipal solid waste management system.
This document summarizes a study of the municipal solid waste management system in Meerut City, Uttar Pradesh, India. It finds that the total waste generation has increased 56% from 554 metric tonnes per day in 2006 to 865 metric tonnes per day in 2019. Per capita waste generation has also risen from 0.46 kg to 0.53 kg per day over this period. Waste collection is done door-to-door but is inefficient, and most households mix waste types. The entire waste collected is dumped in landfills outside the city without treatment, polluting air, land and water. There is a lack of adequate infrastructure like waste collection vehicles and staffing for effective solid waste management.
Characterization and quantization of solid waste in ganga villages of haridwarIJARIIT
One of the most emerging challenges of the modern world of rapid urbanization is management and disposal of solid
waste. Solid waste is generated from each and every household of the society so it is one of the most important aspects to
consider for the management and disposal factors of generated waste. About 47% of world’s population (3.31 billion) and
68.84% (0.83308 billion) of India’s population resides in rural areas. The results showed that average daily per capita of
household waste and cattle waste generation is 0.18, 18 kg/cap-day respectively. The main portion of household solid waste is
organic and bio-degradable which is around 75% and remaining fraction comprise of paper, polythene, plastics, textiles,
rubber, glass, metal and inert are 6.62, 2.45, 0.89, 2.57, 0.32, 0.42, 0.41 and 5.26 in percentage respectively. The bulk density of
household and cattle waste is 310.33 kg/m3, 805.076 kg/m3 respectively. The physical composition of household waste is
moisture content, ash content, organic content is 83%, 31%, and 69% respectively and chemical characteristics (food and
organic fraction) of the generated waste including the amount of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus is 1.74, 0.34, and 0.7 %
respectively. Heavy metals in the waste were found to be in a very trace amount, so no further treatment is required.
As the above results show that the bigger part of the solid waste generated in studied areas is organic and bio-degradable
and most suitable techniques for this type of waste are composting and bio-methanation. For further treatment, this waste can
be composted and used as fertilizer in agricultural fields and another way to deal with this waste is installation of bio-gas plant
in which methane can be produced and the remaining slurry can be converted in to nutrient rich compost for agricultural
purpose to minimize the chemical fertilizer application especially in the agricultural field nearby the river. Finally, 100% of
the solid waste has been utilized and its useful by-products are bio-gas and fertilizer generation, creating a win-win situation.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Study of Muncipal Solid Waste Management Scenario of Kadapa CityIJERA Editor
This document discusses municipal solid waste management in Kadapa City, India. It provides background on solid waste generation and management. Specifically:
- Kadapa generates approximately 206 tons of solid waste per day currently. Domestic waste from households accounts for around 45% of total waste.
- The total waste generated is projected to increase to 353 tons per day by 2031 as consumption increases with population and economic growth.
- The current solid waste management system in Kadapa faces deficiencies like lack of financial resources and management skills to handle the large and changing quantities and types of waste. Proper planning and resources are needed to improve the system.
An appraisal of solid waste generation and management in jalingo city, nigeria.Alexander Decker
- The document analyzes solid waste generation and management in Jalingo City, Nigeria from 2000-2008. It found the population grew substantially and waste generation increased from 2,017 tonnes/month to 2,519 tonnes/month.
- Waste management fluctuated over this period due to issues like inadequate resources and equipment. Collection peaked at 1,296 tonnes in 2006 but was lowest at 953 tonnes in 2005.
- Regression analysis found no relationship between waste generation levels and management levels in the city, indicating waste is accumulating and the city risks becoming overrun with garbage without improved management strategies.
The document summarizes a study on solid waste management in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. It finds that 350 tons of solid waste are generated daily, but only 210 tons are collected and properly disposed of. The remaining 140 tons are improperly dumped in drains, open spaces and water bodies, polluting the environment and posing health risks. Food and vegetable waste make up 70% of the solid waste stream. The management system is inadequate due to lack of resources, technology and public awareness. Improper waste disposal leads to pollution, flooding and disease transmission. Better management is needed such as increased collection and use of waste-to-energy technologies.
INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE: A FOCUS ON SOLID W...ijfls
Solid waste generation in Dar es Salaam City has been increasing due to rapid population growth and economic development. Using a population growth rate of 4.3% and a generation rate of 0.815kg/cap/day, it is estimated that Dar es Salaam could be generating over 12,000 tonnes of solid wastes per day by 2025. The waste materials have the potential to cause adverse environmental impacts including odour nuisance,
litter problems, adverse visual impacts, and vermin and pests. A sound solid waste management is a result of the efficient and effective management of the supply chain of solid wastes which is composed of waste generation, storage, transportation and disposal. In this study, we apply Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFS) to
assess the contribution of each element to the Solid Waste Supply Chain (SWSC). The data was collected from a random sample of ninety five (95) respondents consisting of practitioners, researchers and community members. The computational results reveal that, the contribution in descending order to the underperformance of SWSC in Dar es Salaam City are Storage of solid waste, Collection of solid waste, Disposal of solid waste and Transportation of solid waste. This study will be of great help to environmentalists, town planners, researchers and policy makers.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Effect of age and seasonal variations on leachate characteristics of municipa...eSAT Journals
Abstract The paper discusses the effect of age and seasonal variations on leachate characteristics of leachate generated from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill site of Ludhiana City, Punjab (India). Leachate samples were collected and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters to estimate its pollution potential. MSW landfill site is non-engineered low lying open dump. It has neither any bottom liner nor any leachate collection and treatment system. Therefore, all the leachate generated finds its paths into the surrounding environment. The landfill site is not equipped with any leachate collectors. Leachate samples were collected from the base of solid waste heaps where the leachate was drained out by gravity. It has been found that leachate contains high concentrations of organic and inorganic constituents beyond the permissible limits. While, heavy metals concentration was in trace amount as the waste is domestic in nature. The data presented in this study indicated that with the passage of time and with seasonal variations particularly during rainy season values of various parameters increased, reason being with time the solid waste material degraded and the waste constituents percolated down along with rainwater. Thus, the age and seasonal variations has a significant effect on leachate composition. Indiscriminate dumping of MSW without proper solid waste management practices should be stopped or some remedial measures were required to be adopted to prevent contamination. Index Terms: Municipal solid waste, Landfill, Leachate, Organic and Inorganic constituents
The document discusses solid waste management issues in India, particularly in urban areas. It notes that rapid urbanization and economic growth in India have led to increased waste generation that existing waste management systems cannot handle. Most municipal waste in India goes to landfills, but this causes environmental problems like water and air pollution. The document calls for improved waste management systems in India to deal with waste in a more sustainable way, such as waste separation, composting, and energy generation from waste.
- The document discusses prospects of material flow management (MFM) in waste control and energy generation in Nigeria.
- Nigeria generates an estimated 6.03 million tons of solid waste and 83.04 million tons of fresh animal waste per year. Considering this waste amount, MFM should be integrated into all aspects of waste management in Nigeria for sustainable waste management now and in the future.
- The document recommends biogas technology as one technique of MFM that can boost energy generation through waste.
An assessment of waste management activities of Borno State environmental pro...Premier Publishers
The rapid population growth, and rise in community living standards has been a major contributor to generation rate of municipal solid waste. Managing it has been a major challenge worldwide. This study examines the waste management activities of Borno State Environmental Protection Agency (BOSEPA). The study utilizes simple descriptive statistics including tables, frequencies and percentages for data analyses. The results indicated that most waste generated is from domestic activities with 69%. Majority of the respondents constituting 45% pointed garbage as the type of waste generated and the results also indicated that majority of the respondents are using plastic containers representing about 43%, while 42% of the respondents disposed waste openly. With respect to the expectation of BOSEPA, 48% admitted that regular collection of refuse is not carried out by BOSEPA as expected. The study concludes that the metropolis is lacking waste collection points, collection containers and the respondents hardly see BOSEPA staff in the available collection points for refuse collection.
Solid Waste Management System: Public-Private Partnership, the Best System fo...IJERA Editor
Solid waste management (SWM) is a major public health and environmental concern in urban areas of many
developing countries. Nairobi’s solid waste situation, which could be taken to generally represent the status
which is largely characterized by low coverage of solid waste collection, pollution from uncontrolled dumping
of waste, inefficient public services, unregulated and uncoordinated private sector and lack of key solid waste
management infrastructure. This paper recapitulates on the public-private partnership as the best system for
developing countries; challenges, approaches, practices or systems of SWM, and outcomes or advantages to the
approach; the literature review focuses on surveying information pertaining to existing waste management
methodologies, policies, and research relevant to the SWM. Information was sourced from peer-reviewed
academic literature, grey literature, publicly available waste management plans, and through consultation with
waste management professionals. Literature pertaining to SWM and municipal solid waste minimization,
auditing and management were searched for through online journal databases, particularly Web of Science, and
Science Direct. Legislation pertaining to waste management was also researched using the different databases.
Additional information was obtained from grey literature and textbooks pertaining to waste management topics.
After conducting preliminary research, prevalent references of select sources were identified and scanned for
additional relevant articles. Research was also expanded to include literature pertaining to recycling,
composting, education, and case studies; the manuscript summarizes with future recommendationsin terms
collaborations of public/ private patternships, sensitization of people, privatization is important in improving
processes and modernizing urban waste management, contract private sector, integrated waste management
should be encouraged, provisional government leaders need to alter their mind set, prepare a strategic, integrated
SWM plan for the cities, enact strong and adequate legislation at city and national level, evaluate the real
impacts of waste management systems, utilizing locally based solutions for SWM service delivery and design,
location, management of the waste collection centersand recycling and compositing activities should be
encouraged.
I
The Environmental and Socio-Economic Implication of Residential Buildings in...ty0385
The Environmental and Sociology-Economic Implication of Residential Buildings in Proximate Distance to Landfill Site. A Case of Olusosun Landfill Site, Ojota Lagos Nigeria.
Impact of Solid Waste Management Practices on Environmental Protection Case o...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This Solid waste management practices are essential component of environmental infrastructure in human settlements; its poor management can lead to health problem and environmental destruction in general, this study was conducted in Kicukiro district. The data were collected on the sample of 97 households and some authorities through questionnaires, and interview and were analyzed using SPSS Version 20 (statistical tools) and this helped in generating tables and performing descriptive statistics like percentages, frequency, and mean. The results obtained revealed that that in terms of waste segregation is explained excluding solid wastes from liquid wastes considering the mean of 2.73 which was interpreted as high mean. Those results influenced the grand mean to become 2.04 which is interpreted as low mean. This means that waste segregation practices is not efficiently done in households located in Kicukiro. It was revealed that transportation of wastes is characterized by the short time of loading wastes considering the mean of 2.91 which is interpreted as high mean. The findings revealed that the environmental protection in Kicukiro District is characterized by the following: little harmful materials (plastic packages) in the soils considering the mean of 3.18. This showed that there is link between solid waste management practices and environmental protection in Kicukiro District. For proper practices of waste management which is positive but only for waste transportation to have a significant relationship with environmental protection considering the correlation coefficient of 0.259 and the p-value or Sig.(2-tailed) of 0.010 which is below the p-alpha of 0.05. It is recommended that Kicukiro District has to launch a sustained, education and communication campaign informing residents on the importance of managing waste properly and its importance to their health, the environment and cleanliness of the city or use another waste reduction strategy in order to encourage recyclable production of goods to allow access to recyclable products.
Current status of commercial solid waste generation, composition and manageme...Premier Publishers
This study determined the quantity, composition, the levels of remaining recyclable materials, and to evaluate treatment methods for commercial solid waste (CSW) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Waste samples were collected from 52 commercial sectors including hotels, restaurants, internet cafés, guesthouses, beer gardens, markets, schools, microfinance agencies and shops. The waste was collected daily for two weeks in 2013 and separated into 23 categories. The main composition of CSW were food (50-60%), followed by plastic and paper (30-40%) and glass (5-6%). The waste generation in kg/table/day was 4.83 (large restaurants), 3.36 (medium restaurants), 2.23 (beer gardens), 1.94 (internet cafés); in kg/room/day was 0.69 (3-star hotels), 0.45 (large guesthouses), 0.37 (medium and small guesthouses), 0.097 (small hotels) and in kg/person/day was 0.153 (family marts), 0.15 (ministries), 0.12 (council of ministers), 0.12 (supermarkets), less than 0.10 (shops and schools). Sorted waste was food, followed by glass bottles, paper, PET bottles, aluminium cans and steel. The remaining recyclable materials were food, plastic, paper, steel and aluminium cans. Well sorting activity was conducted by internet cafés and restaurants, followed by family marts, schools, beer gardens and guesthouses. If food waste and other recyclable materials were completely sorted, 61% of current waste could be minimized.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Residents’ perception on environmental impacts of urban informal enterprises ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on residents' perceptions of the environmental impacts of urban informal enterprises in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study administered questionnaires to over 1,600 residents across low, medium, and high residential areas. Six indices were developed to measure perceptions on various environmental effects. Results showed residents strongly agreed that waste from the enterprises makes areas dirty and litters streets. Noise, odors from waste, and shops blocking drainage were also issues. Correlation analysis found the physical, behavioral, environmental, land use, and economic characteristics of the enterprises all impacted the environment. The paper recommends policies and legislation for better waste management to promote more sustainable cities.
The solid waste management term deals with collection and treating and disposal of the solid waste. Day by day the quantity of waste generation is increasing rapidly. Creation of waste is natural by human being but being human it needs proper disposal .The solid waste is ugly in appearance , creates foul odor , creates nuisance and ultimately creates unhygienic conditions Improper management of solid waste leads to unhygienic conditions which results in spread of diseases Nobody wants to discuss and care about solid waste . We should come forward for the discussions and finding appropriate solution for proper and effective management of the waste nowadays it is a duty of everybody to monitor the rate of generation of waste. Not only the concerned local body should be responsible for waste management, but it is our responsibility too .We may contribute in minimizing the waste. So to prevent the public health it is necessary to start the waste management from own. This article discusses the origin, varieties ,per capita generation of the waste , role of individual and proper management of the waste .Coordination of local bodie ,social organizations and the public will result in proper management of the waste and helps in achieving the goals like clean city, smart city, and ‘Swachcha Bharat’.
Citation: Bharat Gidde, Pimpri Chinchwad Polytechnic Pune. "Solid Waste Management a need of Time." Global Research and Development Journal For Engineering 34 2018: 15 - 18.
A good environment they say predetermines good health. If good health is to be measured at all the people and the environment will play a significant role. Illness and disease however, do not exist in isolation of the environment in particular. Waste is an object for which we have no further use and which has to be disposed off because of the danger it poses to the environment. Solid waste refers to garbage, refuse, rubbish, trash or litter generated through the domestic, commercial and industrial activities of man. As the population increased efforts were made to transport waste out of the cities. This study therefore examined the problems of solid waste disposal in Ibarapa East Local Government Area of Oyo state. Two hundred respondents were sampled from the study area. The major instruments of data collection were questionnaire administration, personal observation and oral interview Data were analyzed using cross tabulation and simple percentage The findings shows that the respondents were aware of effects that improper solid waste to have in their environment and health but still indulge in insanitary wasted disposal. Also the role of Government in waste disposal was below normal standard. It was recommended that the people should change their unsanitary system of waste disposal and government should improve on waste disposal policy.
Challenges of solid waste management in Zimbabwe: a case study of Sakubva hig...Premier Publishers
The objectives of the study were to assess the current status on household solid waste management challenges of collection and disposal. The research employed both quantitative (in form of questionnaires) and qualitative (in form of interviews) methodologies. Field visits and observations were done on residential areas and open dumpsites. The research found that there are lots of challenges that are faced by residents and these range from collection, methods of disposal and the involvement of other key stakeholders. The results revealed that the challenges in poor refuse collection were attributed to serious shortage of refuse equipment, and shortage of proper receptacles. Recycling strategies seemed to be nonexistent as revealed by low percentages of residents who practice it. Since council does not collect waste as often as it should, residents dispose waste through the traditional and unsustainable ways such as backyard incinerator, burying, burning and illegal open dumps. With rapid urbanization, the situation is becoming critical. It was recommended that councils should extend coverage to all areas, increase their refuse collection frequency, provide receptacles to residents and raise awareness campaigns on recycling and sustainable solid waste disposal. There is need for involvement by private sector and NGOs in solid waste management.
Challenges of solid waste management in zimbabwe a case study of sakubva hig...charlschoto
This document summarizes a study on the challenges of solid waste management in Sakubva, a high-density suburb of Mutare, Zimbabwe. The study found several challenges: poor refuse collection due to shortages of equipment and proper receptacles; low rates of recycling; and residents resorting to unsustainable waste disposal like burning and dumping due to infrequent council collection. Rapid urbanization is exacerbating the problems. The researchers recommend the council improve collection coverage and frequency, provide more receptacles, increase recycling awareness, and involve the private sector and NGOs more in management.
Efficiency of Municipal Solid Waste Management Service Delivery System and Po...Premier Publishers
Municipal SWM problems are coming to the forefront of the global environmental agenda at an increasing frequency and becoming more pronounced in recent years, as a result of inadequate collection and disposal of wastes in cities, especially; in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of municipal solid waste management service delivery system and policy issues in Debre Markos town through field visit, discussions with residents and staffs of municipal administration. The Findings showed that, the municipality lacks institutional, financial and technical capacities. Solid waste collection and disposal services are inadequate and waste was disposed improperly which creates unhealthy environment. For effective solid waste management, there should be proper service delivery system with qualified personnel, modern vehicles and equipment. There should also be improvement of institutional structure and implementation of integrated MSWM involving private service providers and other stakeholders.
Municipal solid waste: A strategic resource sajjalp
A largely rural country, with only 18% of the population living in urban areas, Nepal is urbanizing rapidly with urban population growth rates of up to 7%. With a population growth rate of about 4% per year, the municipalities of Kathmandu Valley are facing the unprecedented challenges of rapid urbanization and modernization on a metropolitan scale. The average rate of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is 341.63 gm per capita per day in five municipalities (Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Thimi and Kirtipur) of Kathmandu Valley. The increasing and unmanageable waste volume is a major concern for all the municipalities. In Kathmandu Valley most of the MSW is land-filled, leading to a significant pressure on the environment. The truth is very little is recycled. In this paper, the basic indicators of MSW are analyzed: generation per capita per day, total waste generation, and waste generation from household, commercial and institutional activities etc. The municipalities of Kathmandu valley are focusing on sweeping the street,
collecting and transferring the waste to the landfill rather than minimizing the waste. The important priorities to consider MSW as a strategic resource are: reduction of waste at source, re-use, compost, recycle and recovery which will minimize the disposal volume and increase the life of landfill.
KEY WORDS: Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), waste generation, resource, recycling
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes health issues related to urban solid waste disposal in four areas of Sri Lanka: Colombo, Kandy, Kurunegala, and Badulla. The study identifies 23 similar diseases in the four areas but finds variation in disease prevalence based on geographical factors, population density, waste generation and collection practices, education levels, income, and public behavior. Colombo had the highest percentage of health issues at 45.6% while Kurunegala had the lowest at 15.4%. Women and children were also found to be more affected than men due to spending more time near dumpsites. The study recommends establishing a centralized waste management system to better control environmental activities and implement an
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN GWALIOR CITY, INDIA Dr. Naveen BP
- The document discusses municipal solid waste management in Gwalior City, India. It analyzes the current practices and proposes improvements.
- The total waste generation in Gwalior City is estimated to be 283 tons/day but only 208 tons/day is collected by the municipality.
- The municipality spends around 50% of its budget on waste collection, 30% on transportation, and 20% on disposal.
- The study examines the current waste management system and composition to suggest better management alternatives that are environmentally sound.
Use of Burnt Municipal Solid Waste and Lime in Local Subgrade Soil Stabilizat...IJAEMSJORNAL
Increased human activity and urban agglomeration have, of late added critical dimensions to environmental planning and solid waste management. The present day conventional practices of on-site-land disposal method of municipal solid wastes (MSW) are creating environmental pollution and health hazards. MSW generated from the house holds of Warangal city in the burnt form is taken for demonstration and investigative study for its use in stabilization of local subgrade soils. A comprehensive data collection through primary house-hold survey using a structured questionnaire is conducted on residential waste, collection, transportation, disposal for its quantification and characterization. Waste samples were collected from the disposal site and is analyzed for their engineering properties in un-burnt and burnt forms. Sub grade soil samples from a rural area near Chintagattu village in Warangal District of Telangana State in India were collected and are examined for its compaction characteristics, CBR value and strength characteristics. Laboratory experimental investigations are carried for the use of Burnt Municipal Solid Waste (BMSW) in local subgrade soil stabilization in presence of lime. Optimum percentage of lime is arrived at based on un confined compressive strength(UCS) and CBR value criteria. Experimental, investigations are carried on local subgrade soil, soil-lime mix and soli-lime- BMSW mix for assessing the engineering properties and their use in construction of secondary roads. Experimental investigation results are encouraging and revealed that local soils can be stabilized by using BMSW ash (20%) in presence of lime(4%) for the significant improvement in strength and reduction in pavement overlay thickness up to 30%.
The document summarizes a study on solid waste management in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. It finds that 350 tons of solid waste are generated daily, but only 210 tons are collected and properly disposed of. The remaining 140 tons are improperly dumped in drains, open spaces and water bodies, polluting the environment and posing health risks. Food and vegetable waste make up 70% of the solid waste stream. The management system is inadequate due to lack of resources, technology and public awareness. Improper waste disposal leads to pollution, flooding and disease transmission. Better management is needed such as increased collection and use of waste-to-energy technologies.
INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE: A FOCUS ON SOLID W...ijfls
Solid waste generation in Dar es Salaam City has been increasing due to rapid population growth and economic development. Using a population growth rate of 4.3% and a generation rate of 0.815kg/cap/day, it is estimated that Dar es Salaam could be generating over 12,000 tonnes of solid wastes per day by 2025. The waste materials have the potential to cause adverse environmental impacts including odour nuisance,
litter problems, adverse visual impacts, and vermin and pests. A sound solid waste management is a result of the efficient and effective management of the supply chain of solid wastes which is composed of waste generation, storage, transportation and disposal. In this study, we apply Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFS) to
assess the contribution of each element to the Solid Waste Supply Chain (SWSC). The data was collected from a random sample of ninety five (95) respondents consisting of practitioners, researchers and community members. The computational results reveal that, the contribution in descending order to the underperformance of SWSC in Dar es Salaam City are Storage of solid waste, Collection of solid waste, Disposal of solid waste and Transportation of solid waste. This study will be of great help to environmentalists, town planners, researchers and policy makers.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Effect of age and seasonal variations on leachate characteristics of municipa...eSAT Journals
Abstract The paper discusses the effect of age and seasonal variations on leachate characteristics of leachate generated from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill site of Ludhiana City, Punjab (India). Leachate samples were collected and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters to estimate its pollution potential. MSW landfill site is non-engineered low lying open dump. It has neither any bottom liner nor any leachate collection and treatment system. Therefore, all the leachate generated finds its paths into the surrounding environment. The landfill site is not equipped with any leachate collectors. Leachate samples were collected from the base of solid waste heaps where the leachate was drained out by gravity. It has been found that leachate contains high concentrations of organic and inorganic constituents beyond the permissible limits. While, heavy metals concentration was in trace amount as the waste is domestic in nature. The data presented in this study indicated that with the passage of time and with seasonal variations particularly during rainy season values of various parameters increased, reason being with time the solid waste material degraded and the waste constituents percolated down along with rainwater. Thus, the age and seasonal variations has a significant effect on leachate composition. Indiscriminate dumping of MSW without proper solid waste management practices should be stopped or some remedial measures were required to be adopted to prevent contamination. Index Terms: Municipal solid waste, Landfill, Leachate, Organic and Inorganic constituents
The document discusses solid waste management issues in India, particularly in urban areas. It notes that rapid urbanization and economic growth in India have led to increased waste generation that existing waste management systems cannot handle. Most municipal waste in India goes to landfills, but this causes environmental problems like water and air pollution. The document calls for improved waste management systems in India to deal with waste in a more sustainable way, such as waste separation, composting, and energy generation from waste.
- The document discusses prospects of material flow management (MFM) in waste control and energy generation in Nigeria.
- Nigeria generates an estimated 6.03 million tons of solid waste and 83.04 million tons of fresh animal waste per year. Considering this waste amount, MFM should be integrated into all aspects of waste management in Nigeria for sustainable waste management now and in the future.
- The document recommends biogas technology as one technique of MFM that can boost energy generation through waste.
An assessment of waste management activities of Borno State environmental pro...Premier Publishers
The rapid population growth, and rise in community living standards has been a major contributor to generation rate of municipal solid waste. Managing it has been a major challenge worldwide. This study examines the waste management activities of Borno State Environmental Protection Agency (BOSEPA). The study utilizes simple descriptive statistics including tables, frequencies and percentages for data analyses. The results indicated that most waste generated is from domestic activities with 69%. Majority of the respondents constituting 45% pointed garbage as the type of waste generated and the results also indicated that majority of the respondents are using plastic containers representing about 43%, while 42% of the respondents disposed waste openly. With respect to the expectation of BOSEPA, 48% admitted that regular collection of refuse is not carried out by BOSEPA as expected. The study concludes that the metropolis is lacking waste collection points, collection containers and the respondents hardly see BOSEPA staff in the available collection points for refuse collection.
Solid Waste Management System: Public-Private Partnership, the Best System fo...IJERA Editor
Solid waste management (SWM) is a major public health and environmental concern in urban areas of many
developing countries. Nairobi’s solid waste situation, which could be taken to generally represent the status
which is largely characterized by low coverage of solid waste collection, pollution from uncontrolled dumping
of waste, inefficient public services, unregulated and uncoordinated private sector and lack of key solid waste
management infrastructure. This paper recapitulates on the public-private partnership as the best system for
developing countries; challenges, approaches, practices or systems of SWM, and outcomes or advantages to the
approach; the literature review focuses on surveying information pertaining to existing waste management
methodologies, policies, and research relevant to the SWM. Information was sourced from peer-reviewed
academic literature, grey literature, publicly available waste management plans, and through consultation with
waste management professionals. Literature pertaining to SWM and municipal solid waste minimization,
auditing and management were searched for through online journal databases, particularly Web of Science, and
Science Direct. Legislation pertaining to waste management was also researched using the different databases.
Additional information was obtained from grey literature and textbooks pertaining to waste management topics.
After conducting preliminary research, prevalent references of select sources were identified and scanned for
additional relevant articles. Research was also expanded to include literature pertaining to recycling,
composting, education, and case studies; the manuscript summarizes with future recommendationsin terms
collaborations of public/ private patternships, sensitization of people, privatization is important in improving
processes and modernizing urban waste management, contract private sector, integrated waste management
should be encouraged, provisional government leaders need to alter their mind set, prepare a strategic, integrated
SWM plan for the cities, enact strong and adequate legislation at city and national level, evaluate the real
impacts of waste management systems, utilizing locally based solutions for SWM service delivery and design,
location, management of the waste collection centersand recycling and compositing activities should be
encouraged.
I
The Environmental and Socio-Economic Implication of Residential Buildings in...ty0385
The Environmental and Sociology-Economic Implication of Residential Buildings in Proximate Distance to Landfill Site. A Case of Olusosun Landfill Site, Ojota Lagos Nigeria.
Impact of Solid Waste Management Practices on Environmental Protection Case o...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This Solid waste management practices are essential component of environmental infrastructure in human settlements; its poor management can lead to health problem and environmental destruction in general, this study was conducted in Kicukiro district. The data were collected on the sample of 97 households and some authorities through questionnaires, and interview and were analyzed using SPSS Version 20 (statistical tools) and this helped in generating tables and performing descriptive statistics like percentages, frequency, and mean. The results obtained revealed that that in terms of waste segregation is explained excluding solid wastes from liquid wastes considering the mean of 2.73 which was interpreted as high mean. Those results influenced the grand mean to become 2.04 which is interpreted as low mean. This means that waste segregation practices is not efficiently done in households located in Kicukiro. It was revealed that transportation of wastes is characterized by the short time of loading wastes considering the mean of 2.91 which is interpreted as high mean. The findings revealed that the environmental protection in Kicukiro District is characterized by the following: little harmful materials (plastic packages) in the soils considering the mean of 3.18. This showed that there is link between solid waste management practices and environmental protection in Kicukiro District. For proper practices of waste management which is positive but only for waste transportation to have a significant relationship with environmental protection considering the correlation coefficient of 0.259 and the p-value or Sig.(2-tailed) of 0.010 which is below the p-alpha of 0.05. It is recommended that Kicukiro District has to launch a sustained, education and communication campaign informing residents on the importance of managing waste properly and its importance to their health, the environment and cleanliness of the city or use another waste reduction strategy in order to encourage recyclable production of goods to allow access to recyclable products.
Current status of commercial solid waste generation, composition and manageme...Premier Publishers
This study determined the quantity, composition, the levels of remaining recyclable materials, and to evaluate treatment methods for commercial solid waste (CSW) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Waste samples were collected from 52 commercial sectors including hotels, restaurants, internet cafés, guesthouses, beer gardens, markets, schools, microfinance agencies and shops. The waste was collected daily for two weeks in 2013 and separated into 23 categories. The main composition of CSW were food (50-60%), followed by plastic and paper (30-40%) and glass (5-6%). The waste generation in kg/table/day was 4.83 (large restaurants), 3.36 (medium restaurants), 2.23 (beer gardens), 1.94 (internet cafés); in kg/room/day was 0.69 (3-star hotels), 0.45 (large guesthouses), 0.37 (medium and small guesthouses), 0.097 (small hotels) and in kg/person/day was 0.153 (family marts), 0.15 (ministries), 0.12 (council of ministers), 0.12 (supermarkets), less than 0.10 (shops and schools). Sorted waste was food, followed by glass bottles, paper, PET bottles, aluminium cans and steel. The remaining recyclable materials were food, plastic, paper, steel and aluminium cans. Well sorting activity was conducted by internet cafés and restaurants, followed by family marts, schools, beer gardens and guesthouses. If food waste and other recyclable materials were completely sorted, 61% of current waste could be minimized.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Residents’ perception on environmental impacts of urban informal enterprises ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on residents' perceptions of the environmental impacts of urban informal enterprises in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study administered questionnaires to over 1,600 residents across low, medium, and high residential areas. Six indices were developed to measure perceptions on various environmental effects. Results showed residents strongly agreed that waste from the enterprises makes areas dirty and litters streets. Noise, odors from waste, and shops blocking drainage were also issues. Correlation analysis found the physical, behavioral, environmental, land use, and economic characteristics of the enterprises all impacted the environment. The paper recommends policies and legislation for better waste management to promote more sustainable cities.
The solid waste management term deals with collection and treating and disposal of the solid waste. Day by day the quantity of waste generation is increasing rapidly. Creation of waste is natural by human being but being human it needs proper disposal .The solid waste is ugly in appearance , creates foul odor , creates nuisance and ultimately creates unhygienic conditions Improper management of solid waste leads to unhygienic conditions which results in spread of diseases Nobody wants to discuss and care about solid waste . We should come forward for the discussions and finding appropriate solution for proper and effective management of the waste nowadays it is a duty of everybody to monitor the rate of generation of waste. Not only the concerned local body should be responsible for waste management, but it is our responsibility too .We may contribute in minimizing the waste. So to prevent the public health it is necessary to start the waste management from own. This article discusses the origin, varieties ,per capita generation of the waste , role of individual and proper management of the waste .Coordination of local bodie ,social organizations and the public will result in proper management of the waste and helps in achieving the goals like clean city, smart city, and ‘Swachcha Bharat’.
Citation: Bharat Gidde, Pimpri Chinchwad Polytechnic Pune. "Solid Waste Management a need of Time." Global Research and Development Journal For Engineering 34 2018: 15 - 18.
A good environment they say predetermines good health. If good health is to be measured at all the people and the environment will play a significant role. Illness and disease however, do not exist in isolation of the environment in particular. Waste is an object for which we have no further use and which has to be disposed off because of the danger it poses to the environment. Solid waste refers to garbage, refuse, rubbish, trash or litter generated through the domestic, commercial and industrial activities of man. As the population increased efforts were made to transport waste out of the cities. This study therefore examined the problems of solid waste disposal in Ibarapa East Local Government Area of Oyo state. Two hundred respondents were sampled from the study area. The major instruments of data collection were questionnaire administration, personal observation and oral interview Data were analyzed using cross tabulation and simple percentage The findings shows that the respondents were aware of effects that improper solid waste to have in their environment and health but still indulge in insanitary wasted disposal. Also the role of Government in waste disposal was below normal standard. It was recommended that the people should change their unsanitary system of waste disposal and government should improve on waste disposal policy.
Challenges of solid waste management in Zimbabwe: a case study of Sakubva hig...Premier Publishers
The objectives of the study were to assess the current status on household solid waste management challenges of collection and disposal. The research employed both quantitative (in form of questionnaires) and qualitative (in form of interviews) methodologies. Field visits and observations were done on residential areas and open dumpsites. The research found that there are lots of challenges that are faced by residents and these range from collection, methods of disposal and the involvement of other key stakeholders. The results revealed that the challenges in poor refuse collection were attributed to serious shortage of refuse equipment, and shortage of proper receptacles. Recycling strategies seemed to be nonexistent as revealed by low percentages of residents who practice it. Since council does not collect waste as often as it should, residents dispose waste through the traditional and unsustainable ways such as backyard incinerator, burying, burning and illegal open dumps. With rapid urbanization, the situation is becoming critical. It was recommended that councils should extend coverage to all areas, increase their refuse collection frequency, provide receptacles to residents and raise awareness campaigns on recycling and sustainable solid waste disposal. There is need for involvement by private sector and NGOs in solid waste management.
Challenges of solid waste management in zimbabwe a case study of sakubva hig...charlschoto
This document summarizes a study on the challenges of solid waste management in Sakubva, a high-density suburb of Mutare, Zimbabwe. The study found several challenges: poor refuse collection due to shortages of equipment and proper receptacles; low rates of recycling; and residents resorting to unsustainable waste disposal like burning and dumping due to infrequent council collection. Rapid urbanization is exacerbating the problems. The researchers recommend the council improve collection coverage and frequency, provide more receptacles, increase recycling awareness, and involve the private sector and NGOs more in management.
Efficiency of Municipal Solid Waste Management Service Delivery System and Po...Premier Publishers
Municipal SWM problems are coming to the forefront of the global environmental agenda at an increasing frequency and becoming more pronounced in recent years, as a result of inadequate collection and disposal of wastes in cities, especially; in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of municipal solid waste management service delivery system and policy issues in Debre Markos town through field visit, discussions with residents and staffs of municipal administration. The Findings showed that, the municipality lacks institutional, financial and technical capacities. Solid waste collection and disposal services are inadequate and waste was disposed improperly which creates unhealthy environment. For effective solid waste management, there should be proper service delivery system with qualified personnel, modern vehicles and equipment. There should also be improvement of institutional structure and implementation of integrated MSWM involving private service providers and other stakeholders.
Municipal solid waste: A strategic resource sajjalp
A largely rural country, with only 18% of the population living in urban areas, Nepal is urbanizing rapidly with urban population growth rates of up to 7%. With a population growth rate of about 4% per year, the municipalities of Kathmandu Valley are facing the unprecedented challenges of rapid urbanization and modernization on a metropolitan scale. The average rate of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is 341.63 gm per capita per day in five municipalities (Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Thimi and Kirtipur) of Kathmandu Valley. The increasing and unmanageable waste volume is a major concern for all the municipalities. In Kathmandu Valley most of the MSW is land-filled, leading to a significant pressure on the environment. The truth is very little is recycled. In this paper, the basic indicators of MSW are analyzed: generation per capita per day, total waste generation, and waste generation from household, commercial and institutional activities etc. The municipalities of Kathmandu valley are focusing on sweeping the street,
collecting and transferring the waste to the landfill rather than minimizing the waste. The important priorities to consider MSW as a strategic resource are: reduction of waste at source, re-use, compost, recycle and recovery which will minimize the disposal volume and increase the life of landfill.
KEY WORDS: Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), waste generation, resource, recycling
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes health issues related to urban solid waste disposal in four areas of Sri Lanka: Colombo, Kandy, Kurunegala, and Badulla. The study identifies 23 similar diseases in the four areas but finds variation in disease prevalence based on geographical factors, population density, waste generation and collection practices, education levels, income, and public behavior. Colombo had the highest percentage of health issues at 45.6% while Kurunegala had the lowest at 15.4%. Women and children were also found to be more affected than men due to spending more time near dumpsites. The study recommends establishing a centralized waste management system to better control environmental activities and implement an
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN GWALIOR CITY, INDIA Dr. Naveen BP
- The document discusses municipal solid waste management in Gwalior City, India. It analyzes the current practices and proposes improvements.
- The total waste generation in Gwalior City is estimated to be 283 tons/day but only 208 tons/day is collected by the municipality.
- The municipality spends around 50% of its budget on waste collection, 30% on transportation, and 20% on disposal.
- The study examines the current waste management system and composition to suggest better management alternatives that are environmentally sound.
Use of Burnt Municipal Solid Waste and Lime in Local Subgrade Soil Stabilizat...IJAEMSJORNAL
Increased human activity and urban agglomeration have, of late added critical dimensions to environmental planning and solid waste management. The present day conventional practices of on-site-land disposal method of municipal solid wastes (MSW) are creating environmental pollution and health hazards. MSW generated from the house holds of Warangal city in the burnt form is taken for demonstration and investigative study for its use in stabilization of local subgrade soils. A comprehensive data collection through primary house-hold survey using a structured questionnaire is conducted on residential waste, collection, transportation, disposal for its quantification and characterization. Waste samples were collected from the disposal site and is analyzed for their engineering properties in un-burnt and burnt forms. Sub grade soil samples from a rural area near Chintagattu village in Warangal District of Telangana State in India were collected and are examined for its compaction characteristics, CBR value and strength characteristics. Laboratory experimental investigations are carried for the use of Burnt Municipal Solid Waste (BMSW) in local subgrade soil stabilization in presence of lime. Optimum percentage of lime is arrived at based on un confined compressive strength(UCS) and CBR value criteria. Experimental, investigations are carried on local subgrade soil, soil-lime mix and soli-lime- BMSW mix for assessing the engineering properties and their use in construction of secondary roads. Experimental investigation results are encouraging and revealed that local soils can be stabilized by using BMSW ash (20%) in presence of lime(4%) for the significant improvement in strength and reduction in pavement overlay thickness up to 30%.
This document provides an overview of municipal solid waste management in India. It discusses:
1) The quantity and composition of municipal solid waste varies significantly between large cities, medium towns, and small towns in India. Larger cities generate more waste per capita than smaller towns.
2) Municipal solid waste management practices and infrastructure in large cities is more developed compared to medium and small towns. Challenges include improper waste disposal, lack of waste treatment, and low prioritization of the issue.
3) The regulatory framework and best practices for municipal solid waste management in India are outlined in the Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules 2000. However, full implementation remains a challenge especially in smaller towns.
INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE: A FOCUS ON SOLID W...ijfls
Solid waste generation in Dar es Salaam City has been increasing due to rapid population growth and economic development. Using a population growth rate of 4.3% and a generation rate of 0.815kg/cap/day, it is estimated that Dar es Salaam could be generating over 12,000 tonnes of solid wastes per day by 2025. The waste materials have the potential to cause adverse environmental impacts including odour nuisance, litter problems, adverse visual impacts, and vermin and pests. A sound solid waste management is a result of the efficient and effective management of the supply chain of solid wastes which is composed of waste generation, storage, transportation and disposal. In this study, we apply Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFS) to assess the contribution of each element to the Solid Waste Supply Chain (SWSC). The data was collected from a random sample of ninety five (95) respondents consisting of practitioners, researchers and community members. The computational results reveal that, the contribution in descending order to the underperformance of SWSC in Dar es Salaam City are Storage of solid waste, Collection of solid waste, Disposal of solid waste and Transportation of solid waste. This study will be of great help to environmentalists, town planners, researchers and policy makers.
This study investigates the municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Vang Vieng district, Vientiane province, Lao PDR toward circular economy. The research focus was placed on (i) current status, (ii) opportunities and challenges, and (iii) solutions to realize circular economy (CE) in MSW management. Different methods were employed, including literature review, semi-interviews, sampling, SWOT, and TOWS matrix. It was found that 43.33 tons/day of MSW is generated in Vang Vieng. Of which, the MSW amounts derived from the urban, rural, and public areas account for 50.11 %, 35.52 %, and 14.37 %, respectively. The MSW collection and recycling rates are 34.62 % and 11.54 %, correspondingly. Open dumping at a landfill is the main pathway for MSW disposal in Vang Vieng. The limitations to be addressed include (1) lack of proper awareness of solid waste management, (2) insufficiency in collection service, recycling facilities, and disposal technologies, and (3) unpopularity of the CE in the district. Contrarily, there are opportunities for applying CE in MSW management, namely (1) Vang Vieng has a specific governmental organization in charge of MSW management to keep the city clean and tidy, (2) the private sector plays an increasingly active role in MSW management, and (3) local people start to use cloth bags and glassware to minimize the MSW quantity. Finally, key solutions are proposed including (i) enhancement of the MSW separation, recycling, and transportation, (ii) promotion of the community based MSW management, and (iii) promulgation and enforcement of the MSW recycling incentive policies.
Municipal solid waste generation, composition, and management in the Douala m...Premier Publishers
The study evaluates municipal solid waste generation, composition, and management in the Douala municipality of Cameroon at landfill level. Load count analysis was used for the systematic assessment of the flows and stocks of materials within the landfill in space and time. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used to draw conclusions. The results show that, on average, municipal solid waste composition in the municipality has been changing over time. On average 490194580 Kg of wastes are generated per month, giving a per capita generation rate of 0.54 ± 0.071 kg person-1month-1. While inert (7.4±0.8), metal (2.6 ± 0.8), glass (3.5% ± 1.3), and paper (14.5% ± 0.9) wastes (2.0% ± 0.1) had higher proportions in the dry season, plastic (16.1% ± 2.6), organic (49.8.3% ± 3.1) and special wastes (2.0% ± 0.1) had higher proportions in the rainy season. However, at α = 0.05, all waste categories resulted in P > α, with extreme critical values for the test statistic t, suggesting that waste composition do not significantly differ from season to season. Similar results were observed for the mean generation rates across the different districts.Forecasting generation rates could be important for proper planning of operations related to solid waste management.
Using person product moment correlation to explore the relationship between d...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that explored the relationships between different categories of municipal solid waste in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The study found:
1) A positive correlation between food scrap, ash and vegetable waste, indicating these categories increase together.
2) A negative correlation between food scrap and materials like paper, cardboard, rubber, metals, plastics and glass, showing these categories decrease as food scrap increases.
3) The results suggest a waste management strategy for the area should focus on managing biodegradable organic waste, and the amounts of certain wastes generated per household can help predict total waste amounts.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
Waste management using gis and remote sensingAglaia Connect
Remote sensing and GIS techniques can help address many challenges in municipal solid waste management. The document discusses how these techniques provide important data for tasks like locating waste bins and tracking waste collection trucks. Case studies from around the world demonstrate that remote sensing and GIS have been used to develop optimal waste collection routes, select appropriate sites for landfills and waste treatment plants, and evaluate land usage and environmental impacts. When integrated with other data sources, these techniques can improve waste management decision making and make systems more efficient.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
Identification of appropriate landfill sites for City of ChittagongKazi Mahfuzur Rahman
ABSTRACT
Urban solid waste management is a serious environmental issue confronting the cities in developing countries like Bangladesh. Apathy towards the problem, inadequacy of field level information and data, and resource constraints may be blamed for the dismal situation of solid waste management often visible in our cities. The most common problems associated with the absence of sustainable solid waste management practice include diseases transmission, odour nuisance, atmospheric and water pollution, visual blight, fire hazards and economic losses. In the three major cities of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Chittagong & Khulna, per capita production of solid waste is around 0.4kg /capita / day, but only a fraction of this waste is carried to the final disposal site. A recent study on Municipal Solid Waste Management, funded by Bangladesh Municipal Development Fund (BMDF), found that waste generated in Chittagong was 0.352kg/cap/day. Considering per capita generation of solid waste as 0.352kg to 0.4kg per capita per day, for a population of 25, 92,459 distributed within the 41 wards of the city (BBS 2011), total solid waste generated in Chittagong will be around 913 tons to 1037 tons per day in 2012.
Currently, Chittagong City Corporation has only two dumping yards: one at Ananda Bazar, Halishahar at the mid western part of the city and the other at Arefin Nagar, Pahartali at the northern tip of the city. None of these sites are sanitary landfill. Considering the city area of 168 sq.kms, only two dumping sites are not sufficient to cater to the requirement of the city. Long distances between the collection points and the disposal site are responsible for inefficient utilization of the CCC trucks and the resulting increase in the haulage time that eventually increases the costs of collection and disposal.
This paper aims to identify a number of appropriate landfill sites within the city for cost effective, efficient and safe disposal of solid wastes. An appropriate landfill site must satisfy environmental safety criteria and attributes that will enable the wastes to be isolated so that there is no risk to people and the environment. The criteria utilized for identifying appropriate landfill locations include natural physical characteristics as well as socioeconomic, ecological, engineering and land-use parameters. This study utilized Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Method (MCDM) for the identification and selection of appropriate landfill sites within the city of Chittagong. Thirteen sites were identified initially. Out of these sites four were found to be most appropriate and suitable for use as landfill. The sites thus identified, if utilized by CCC, are expected to bring a major change, in terms of cost effectiveness, efficiency and safety, in the current scenario of solid waste management in the city.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Municipal solid waste landfill site selection in the Sekondi-Takoradi metropo...Premier Publishers
One of the threats to global environmental health is waste generation. Growth in population as well as rise in the quantity of municipal solid waste generated has made it difficult to locate appropriate site for waste disposal in most urban areas. Land filling is now accepted as the most widely used method for addressing this problem in all countries of the world. However, appropriate site selection for land filling is a problem in waste management and therefore needs to be addressed. This research sought to identify a suitable landfill site for waste disposal in Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis of Ghana. To achieve this, Geographical Information System (GIS), Fuzzy Logic and Multi-criteria Evaluation (MCE) were applied in order to display and rank candidate sites. The analysis was limited to criteria that were selected and relevant to the area under investigation. The results obtained provide clear areas for landfill sites in the study area and finally arrives at suitable areas.
Analytical Study of Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics at Deonar Dumping Y...ijtsrd
Waste management is an international sensation, rising population, industrialization and urbanization are accountable to produce a tremendous amount of waste. Todays daily waste generation rate is about 760,000 tons. By 2025, this rate will be increased to about 1.8 million tons per day. These approximations are conservative the real values are probably double of this amount. 1 The estimated municipal solid waste generation by 8 Municipal Corporations and 9 Municipal Councils in Mumbai Metropolitan Region MMR cumulatively generate more than 10,000 metric tons of solid waste per day. Due to growth in population, industrialization and urbanization, the generation of solid waste has increased frighteningly. There is a high need for systematic management of municipal solid waste and for that understanding of characteristics play a vital role in it. In these research paper characteristics of Deonar dumping, yard has been studied on pre monsoon and post monsoon bases and encounter that, it contained some amount of organic and recyclable part, which if managed well, will reduce the load on dumping yard considerably. Dabhi Jagrutiben | Abhay Shelar ""Analytical Study of Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics at Deonar Dumping Yard in Mumbai Region, Maharashtra, India"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23333.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/environment-engineering/23333/analytical-study-of-municipal-solid-waste-characteristics-at-deonar-dumping-yard-in-mumbai-region-maharashtra-india/dabhi-jagrutiben
Municipal Solid Waste and its Management (A Study on Varanasi City)ijtsrd
The main aim of this research is to find out the status of municipal solid waste generation and its composition along with the relationship of economic condition of different inhabitants with per capita of waste composition in Varanasi, the most crowded city in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Municipal Solid waste (MSW) is a heterogeneous in composition and varied from place to place. Increasing population levels as well as rapid economic growth and rise in living standard of people speeded the generation rate of municipal solid waste in metropolitan cities of India. The objective of this paper is to providing an insight of the stages of waste management i.e. Prevention, Minimization, Recycle, Reuse, Energy recovery, Disposal and its composition and amount in order to improve the current solid waste management practice of Varanasi municipality and also to provides a further insight of feasibility and aids of adopting segregation at source and decentralization of solid waste management in order to provide better future. Research data is gathered from preliminary field investigation, questionnaire survey and face to face interview which show that with population of around 11,98,491[1]waste generated is 593TPD which comprises of food waste (29.6%), followed by plastic (18%), paper & cardboard (12.8%), textile (8.5%), rubber & leather ( 5.7% ), bulk waste ( 9.6%) metal (2.8%) other (5.7%). Since about 15% ( nearly 80 ton ) of compost is produced from an average of 500-600 metric ton which is sold at Rs.1,000 per ton if decentralization and segregation of waste at its generation point is done effectively it would be sold at Rs.415 per ton result in better standard of living society . out of 593 TPD waste only nearly 350 TPD which would lead to dispose much less amount then current scenario as a result reduction in GHGs emission and lead to creation of safe environment. Thus on the basis of above research we can conclude that solid waste management and recycling a major issue of Varanasi district and with proper segregation and decentralization of solid waste we can reuse and recycle various kind of waste depending upon nature of waste. As a result less amount of waste need to be disposed which further lead to reduction of greenhouse gas emission and thus would help to lower down carbon footprint. Shubham Varshney | Dr. Bharat Nagar"Municipal Solid Waste and its Management (A Study on Varanasi City)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14494.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/environment-engineering/14494/municipal-solid-waste-and-its-management-a-study-on-varanasi-city/shubham-varshney
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solid west manegment in dhaka city
1. Pollution, 2(2): 141-151 , Spring 2016
141
Municipal Solid Waste Management using GIS Application in
Mirpur Area of Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Islam, S.M.D.*, Rahman, S.H., Hassan, M. and Azam, G.
Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342,
Bangladesh
Received: 29 Nov. 2015 Accepted: 7 Jan. 201
ABSTRACT: Identifying Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) disposal sites and
appropriately managing them is a challenging task to many developing countries like
Bangladesh. It is a complex issue in an urban area, as increasing population levels, rapid
economic growth and rise in community living standard, accelerates the generation rate of
MSW. The study area is zone-2 (Mirpur-Pallabi) of Dhaka North City Corporation
(DNCC) (10.40 km2
) is a residential area, from where about 353.34 ton/day solid waste is
generated and among them about 57.43% were managed by DNCC. There are 41
different size containers present at 17 locations in study area. The existing site and waste
collecting containers are not sufficient, which deteriorates the environment due to illegal
waste dumping and about 15 illegal dumping sites were identified. To identify proper
waste dumping site and prevent contamination, Geographical Information System (GIS)
was used to propose an efficient scenario with relocating the existing waste collecting
containers and another scenario was proposed with number of containers (73) to attain an
93.68% waste collection efficiency including optimization and selection of waste
collecting routes for the study area. This study also indicate that the application of GIS is
an efficient and low cost tool to study and select appropriate dumping site so as to
facilitate decision making processes.
Keywords: Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC), environmental impacts, routing,
waste collection, waste transportation.
INTRODUCTION
Waste is an unavoidable by product of
human activities, economic development,
urbanization and improving living
standards in cities, have led to an increase
in the quantity and complexity of generated
waste. Rapid growth of urban population
and industrialization in developing Asian
countries in recent years has degraded the
urban environment and places serious
stress on natural resources, which
undermines equitable and sustainable
development. According to the United
State Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA, 2005) solid waste is defined as
*
Corresponding Author Email: smdidarulislamju@gmail.com,
Phone: +8801557300552
any garbage, refuse, sludge from a waste
water treatment plant, water supply
treatment plant or air dried materials,
including solid, liquid, semi-solid or
contained gaseous materials resulting from
industrial, commercial and agricultural
operations and from community activities.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) disposal
has been enormous concern in developing
countries due to poverty, population
growth, urbanization and ineffectual fund
(UNDP, 2004). MSW management is a big
challenge due to number of problems
including; inadequate management, lack of
technology and human resources, shortage
of collection and transport vehicles, and
insufficient funding. Waste disposing is
6
DOI: 10.7508/pj.2016.02.004
Print ISSN 2383-451X Online ISSN: 2383-4501
Web Page: https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir Email: jpoll@ut.ac.ir
2. Islam, S.M.D. et al.
142
another important part of waste
management system, which requires much
attention to avoid environmental pollution.
The most common problems associated
with improper dumping includes; diseases
transmission, fire hazards, odour nuisance,
atmospheric and water pollution, aesthetic
nuisance and economic losses (Basagaoglu
et al., 1997; Mohammedshum et al., 2014).
The effectiveness of solid waste disposal
depends upon the selection of proper site
and current global trend of waste
management problems stems from
unsustainable methods of waste disposal,
which is ultimately a result of inadequate
planning (Abbas et al., 2011).
Bangladesh is a developing country with
rapid urban population growth in a limited
land area. MSW generation is also increasing
proportionately with the growth of
urbanization. At present there are 522 urban
centers including 254 municipalities and
eight cities in Bangladesh (BBS, 2014).
Among, Dhaka, the capital city of
Bangladesh, is expanding with an enormous
growth of population at a rate of around six
percent a year. MSW are being generated at
a faster pace, posing a serious management
threat. Rapid growth of industries, lack of
financial resources, inadequate trained
manpower, inappropriate technology and
lack of awareness of the community are the
major constraints of solid waste management
for the fast growing metropolis of Dhaka
(Rahman and Rahman, 2009). The estimates
for solid waste production for Dhaka city has
varied in the range of 3500 to 4500 metric
tons/day on very rough per capita basis,
which has been taken to be in between of
0.45 and 0.50 kg. Taking the mid-figure of
4000 tons/day at present, and with a five
percent growth rate of population, the city is
apprehended to have a proportionate increase
in solid waste generation (Rahman and
Rahman, 2009). The issue of solid waste is
not only because of the increasing quantities,
but also largely because of an inadequate
management system (Tinmaz and Demir,
2006). So, MSW management has its
significance for Dhaka city.
Recently, there has been an increase in
research that uses Geographic Information
System (GIS) application as a tool for MSW
management estimation and planning.
MSW management practices require
collection of decisive information which is
for taking corrective measures as well as for
proper planning to ensure sustainability
(Ramachandra and Saira, 2003). Studies
such as Chang et al. (2007), Sharholy et al.
(2007), Wilson and Vincent (2008),
Sumathi et al. (2008), Rahman and Rahman
(2009), Nishanth et al. (2010), Khajuria et
al. (2011) and Mohammedshum et al.
(2014) described the role of GIS in solid
waste management. Due to the rapid
expansion of population and urbanization, it
is badly needed to develop controlled solid
waste dumping site to prevent
contamination problems through illegal
dumping. So, this study aimed to explore
the current MSW management practice,
including waste generation, location of
waste bins, type and size of the bins. The
study also propose the potential waste
disposal sites with route optimization using
GIS technique for better MSW management
of Dhaka city.
METHODOLOGY
Study area
Geographically, the study area is located
between 21º48´ and 22º50´ N latitudes and
between 90º20´ and 90º24´ E longitudes
(Fig. 1). The study area is in zone-2
(Mirpur-Pallabi) of Dhaka North City
Corporation (DNCC), which cover five
wards. The total area of the study area is
10.40 sq. km with 177332 no of
households and 696835 no. of population
(BBS, 2011; DNCC, 2015). The area is
mainly a residential area and the solid
waste mainly generated from domestic uses
like; food and vegetables waste, waste
paper, plastic, poly bags, metals, glass and
wooden materials (Tania, 2014). Waste
3. Pollution, 2(2): 141-151 , Spring 2016
143
management department of City Corporation
is collect, transport, and finally dispose in
landfill site.
Fig. 1. Map of the study area
Data collection and analysis
The study uses both primary and secondary
data. Primary data about the MSW of study
area were collected through key
community interview and Global
Positioning System (GPS) survey. The
exact location of the waste bins and illegal
waste disposal sites were collected by
using GARMIN handheld global
positioning system (GPS). Preparation of
thematic maps includes the digitization of
collected secondary data. Spatial data were
generated using collected GPS data using
Google Earth Images. An amount of
secondary data about MSW management
associating other relevant information, like
demographic and economic status was
collected from various Non-Government
and Government organization. The
information of different types and forms
has converted into the GIS database. GIS
software (ArcGIS 10.1) with its network
analyst extension was used to recommend
waste bins location, optimization of the
route and for the preparation of final maps.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
MSW generation, composition and
characteristics
The composition and the quantity of MSW
generated the basis on which the
management system needs to be planned,
designed and operated (Sharholy et al.,
2008). The amount of waste generated and
its composition, varies from country to
country depending on the socio-economic
situation, industrial structure, waste
management regulations as well as life style
(Nasrin, 2014). Characterization of waste is
important to determine its possible
environmental impacts (Hai and Ali, 2005).
Per capita waste generation would obviously
depend on a number of socio-economic
parameters affecting consumption and other
4. Islam, S.M.D. et al.
144
behavioural characteristics. A survey has
been conducted to determine the composition
of solid waste generated in the city. The
results from the survey revealed that the
MSW generation rate is 0.46 kg/capita/day.
It was estimated that about 353.34 tons
MSW were generated per day in the study
area (Table 1).
Table 1. Total waste generation of the study area per day
` Households Population
Generation rate
(kg/capita/day)
Total waste generation
(tons/day)
Mirpur-Pallabi
(Ward No. 2, 3, 5, 6
and 7)
177332 696835 0.46 353.34
Table 2. Total waste generation and its distribution by source
Solid waste generation
(ton/day)
Contribution of different sources (%)
Residential Commercial Industrial Hospital Street
353.34 61.00 23.00 12.00 2.00 2.00
Source: DNCC (2015)
Municipal solid wastes in the study area
are mostly generated from residential
(61%), commercial (23%) and industrial
(23%) sources. Also a portion of wastes
comes from street sweeping (Table 2).
Hazardous wastes from industries and
hospitals are frequently mixed with
municipal wastes, which in turn are poorly
collected and disposed, thereby creating
public health hazards. As the area is mainly
a residential area, the solid waste mainly
generated from domestic uses like; food
and vegetables waste, waste paper, plastic,
poly bags, metals, glass and wooden
materials. It was found that the wastes of
the study area were composed of 82% food
wastes, 6.5% paper, 3.5% plastic and
polythene, 3% wood and leaves, 0.4%
glass and ceramics and 4.6% other wastes
(Table 3).
Current MSW management practice
and dumping sites
Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC) is
the only formal organization responsible
for collection, separation and disposal of
solid waste in the study area (Fig. 2).
Usually the households bring their refuse
to the nearby communal bins or containers
located on the street side, while in some
specific areas there is a system of house to
house collection of garbage with the
initiative and efforts of the community.
These collected wastes are deposited in the
bins on some convenient spots of the
streets. The household, commercial,
institutional and medical wastes are
deposited in the same waste collection bins
located on the streets.
Table 3. Solid waste composition of the study
area
Waste composition
Percentage (%) by
weight
Food wastes 82
Paper 6.5
Plastic and polythene 3.5
Wood and leaves 3
Glass and ceramics 0.4
Others 4.6
5. Pollution, 2(2): 141-151 , Spring 2016
145
Fig. 2. Waste management system by DNCC
There are 41 different size DNCC
containers in 17 location of the study area
which its capacity is about 203 tons (Table
4). The existing waste bin and containers
can hold about 57.43% generated waste of
the study area. Rests of the waste (42.57%)
are dump illegally here and there. The
current locations of waste bin with illegal
dumping site are shown in Figure 3.
Street sweeping is done manually and
debris is loaded from the curbside into the
hand trolleys and delivered to the
collection bins. About 340 DCC sweepers
and cleaners sweep roads and clean drains
and then dump the waste into nearby
dustbins or containers using hand trolleys
in the study area. The whole system,
however, does not operate in an
environmental friendly manner. House-to-
house waste-collection service has been
launched in residential areas. It is operated
by Community Based Organizations
(CBOs) or through private initiatives. The
households are charged on the basis of the
collected amount. Rickshaw vans are used
to transport the waste from the houses to
municipal waste bins or containers.
Table 4. Total waste collection from the waste bins and containers of study area
Mirpur-Pallabi
(Wards)
Capacity (tons) × No.
of containers
Total No. of
containers
Total waste
collection (tons)
2 5×4= 20 4 20
3
5×8=40
3×3=9
11 49
5 5×5=25 5 25
6
5×9=45
3×4=12
13 57
7
8×4=32
5×4=20
8 52
Total 41 203 (57.43%)
6. Islam, S.M.D. et al.
146
Fig. 3. Current locations of DNCC waste collecting containers with illegal dumping sites
The solid wastes collected from five
wards of the study area were mainly
disposed down to the Amin Bazar landfill
sites. From the DNCC statement, seven
trucks of different capacity collect wastes
from the study area for disposing to the
Amin Bazar landfill site at different trips.
The Amin Bazar waste dumping site is
situated within the low-lying floodplain of
the Karanachhali River in Savar, Dhaka.
The area is located at 23º47'48"N and
90º17'50"E. Dhaka-Aricha Highway is
used to access the site. This is a 50 acres
semi-aerobic landfill site which facilitates
rapid decomposition of waste.
Illegal dumping and its effects on
environment and health
The solid waste management system in the
study area is not well organized. About 15
illegal dumping sites were found in the
study area during questionnaire and field
survey (Fig. 3). The disposal of municipal
solid waste by the roadside in the study
area has negative impacts on the general
environment. Improper solid waste
management in Dhaka city and blockage of
drains can lead to increased flooding
attacks every year and induce malaria
which is a cause of child mortality every
year (Menon, 2002). Uncollected solid
wastes diminish aesthetic and causes
unpleasant odour and irritating dust. The
most obvious contamination of land in the
study area is caused by illegal dumping of
waste and these contaminations diminish
the civic pride and lose property value of
that area. The infiltration of rainfall or
surface water in solid waste dumps can
produce leachate which enters surface or
ground water and causes severe water
pollution (Tauhidur-Ur-Rahman, 2006).
Human health risk ascends from the
improper MSW management. Human fecal
matter is present in every solid waste
system in developing countries due to lack
of a proper sanitation systems or onsite
septic systems which create a variety of
insects and spread diseases such as cholera,
malaria, and dengue. Using water polluted
7. Pollution, 2(2): 141-151 , Spring 2016
147
by solid waste for drinking, bathing,
washing and cooking purposes exposes
individuals to different disease organisms
and contaminations (Nasrin, 2014). A
research project by the U.S. Public Health
Service classified 22 human diseases which
are connected to improper solid waste
management (UDSU, 1999). Ahmed and
Quader (2011) reported that, Bangladesh is
facing public-health risk such as, asthma,
diarrhea and even skin diseases etc. due to
uncollected disposal of waste on streets
and other public areas, drainage congestion
by haphazardly dumped wastes and
contamination of water resources near
uncontrolled dumping site.
Selection of optimum number of waste
bins and locations
Dhaka city saw the importance of utilizing
GIS in determining optimum locations of
solid waste collection places at the
neighborhood level since 2004. The
ultimate goal was to find out the suitable
location of waste collection points in order
to improve the MSW system of the
community (Anwar, 2004). GIS as a tool
was used in the analysis of the existing
situation and then selected some suitable
locations and required number of the waste
bins in the present study area. This
situation assisted to improve the service
efficiency. Determinations of required
number of waste containers were done
based on the population of each ward and
the capacity of each container. As the
waste containers were needed for primary
and emergency collection, about 93.68 %
waste collection can be achieved with
increasing number of waste containers as
presented in Table 5.
Table 5. Total waste collection by proposed waste containers
No of location No of container Capacity (ton) Total Waste Collection (tons)
23
23 3 tons 69
46 5 tons 230
4 8 tons 32
Total 73 331 (93.68%)
Determinations of suitable locations
were done to avoid situations where a
collection point generated would not be
viable due to constraints such as legal or
environmental. This is a challenge that
involves determining the best location of
facilities based on criteria like optimum
distance, capacity of facility, population
density, optimal cost and so on. In this
case, the demand points (households) and
the proposed points were used for analysis.
The proposed locations were analyzed with
network analysis and the overall coverage
of the study area with the existing
containers has been proposed. The waste
containers locations were modified with
analyzing route optimization and
concerning final disposal site of wastes as
shown in Figure 4. The result was a
spatially balanced set of points that could
adequately serve the whole population. The
collection time would be reduced and the
route selection would be more optimum for
the final disposal.
Waste collecting route optimization
Using GIS, solid waste collectors can solve
fundamental problems in solid waste
management such as determining the
distribution of waste generation in an area
and the optimal route for disposal. This can
be achieved by considering factors that
affect selection of disposal sites such as
topography, geology, settlements, land use,
water bodies, and road networks
(Ntarangwi and Odera, 2015). Figure 5
presents the new two waste collecting truck
routes which were selected by considering
present waste collecting routes and self-
judgment based on proposed container
8. Islam, S.M.D. et al.
148
locations, and about 95% of the study area
would be covered with the proposed
container locations. Optimization of solid
waste collection routes in urban area is
important where significant amount of the
time is spent loading and unloading as well
as driving. It reduces the collection time,
cost and air pollution emission.
Fig. 4. Existing and proposed relocation of waste containers and bins of study area
Fig. 5. Route optimization with proposed waste containers
9. Pollution, 2(2): 141-151 , Spring 2016
149
Existing policy and legislation for waste
management in Bangladesh
At present there is no separate policy or
handling rules for MSW management in
Bangladesh. There is no adequate legislation
in the country to address the growing
problems of solid waste. The six City
Corporation Ordinances and Pourshava
Ordinance 1977 are the only local law that
gives some idea about disposal of municipal
waste. According to DCC (Dhaka City
Corporation) Ordinance 1983, amended in
1999, Article 78, the DCC is responsible for
the disposal of solid waste from bin to
disposal site and for cleaning the roads and
drains. Ministry of Environment and Forest is
currently preparing a comprehensive solid
waste management handling rules for the
country. Under the Environment
Conservation Rules, 1997, which
promulgated in furtherance of the objectives
of the Environment Conservation Acts, 1995,
all municipal land fill sites as well as
installation of any kind of incinerators fall
within red category and environmental
clearance from DoE is mandatory (Rule 7.
and Schedule 1 of the Rules). National
Environmental Management Action Plan
(NEMAP), 1995, is a plan of the Government
of Bangladesh (GoB), prepared by the
Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF)
in consultation with people from all walks of
life. NEMAP has recommended for actions in
the areas of sanitation, solid waste
management, water supply, environmental
awareness, and etc. Waste concern is
promoting 3R, under the Sustainable
Environment Management Programme
(SEMP) of NEMAP (GoB, 1995). Urban
Management Policy Statement, 1998,
prepared by the Government of Bangladesh,
considers the interest of providing economic,
efficient, and reliable services; municipalities
shall endeavor to contract out solid waste
disposal, public sanitation, drain cleaning, and
road maintenance (GoB, 1998a). National
Policy for Water Supply and Sanitation, 1998,
prepared by the Local Government Division
of the Ministry of Local Government Rural
Development and Cooperatives gives special
emphasis on participation of private sector
and NGOs in water supply and sanitation in
urban areas. Under this policy, Local
Government Bodies (City Corporations and
municipalities) may transfer, where feasible
collection, removal and management of solid
waste to the private sector (GoB, 1998b).
Under National Sanitation Strategy, 2005,
resource recovery and recycling have been
given as top priorities to improve urban
sanitation situation instead of disposal. Under
Dhaka Environment Management Plant,
2005, waste recycling has been promoted, less
land filling encouraged, EMS promoted
among industries.
CONCLUSIONS
DNCC is unable to offer the desired level of
services with the existing capacity and trend
of waste management in study area. About
57.43% of generated MSW had been
collected by DNCC with the existing waste
containers. In this situation, the application
of GIS was used to study the potential solid
waste disposal site. The proposed waste
collecting containers relocations were
suggested considering the existing number of
containers for the collection of 93.68%
MSW and optimum route for waste transport
facility; and another suggestion were made
with 93.68% collection efficiency. GIS
technique could not be used for minimizing
the wastes. So, properly follow the existing
laws and regulations and people’s
participation for implement 3R (Reduce-
Reuse-Recycle) should be incorporated for
efficient MSW management.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to acknowledge the local
community and employees of Dhaka North
City Corporation (DNCC) for their support
to carrying out this work.
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