Solid waste management involves collecting, treating, and disposing of solid waste in a way that minimizes environmental impacts and risk to human health. Improper disposal can lead to pollution and disease. This document discusses various sources of solid waste, methods of collection and disposal, and waste treatment options like composting, incineration, and landfilling. Biomedical waste requires special management due to health risks and must be properly treated and disposed of using licensed facilities.
1. Hazardous waste landfills are designed with multiple layers to prevent contamination, including compacted waste, clay and plastic linings, leachate collection systems, and groundwater monitoring wells.
2. Common hazardous wastes include cleaning products, paints, pesticides, batteries, motor oil and antifreeze which should not be thrown in the trash or poured down drains but disposed of properly.
3. Transitioning to a low-waste society requires reducing and reusing materials to minimize pollution, following principles like industrial ecology that mimic natural cycles.
The document discusses waste management practices in India. It notes that India generates around 10-12 million tons of waste annually, which is mostly inert and non-biodegradable. The typical waste management system involves collection, transportation, segregation, treatment and disposal. However, open dumping is common practice and adversely impacts the environment and public health. It also outlines the various waste types (municipal, hazardous, biomedical, electronic), relevant laws and policies, and challenges around lack of awareness, collection/segregation issues. Improved government policies, more sustainable industry practices, and increased public participation are suggested to address the growing waste problem.
This document summarizes information about solid waste management. It defines different types of solid waste like municipal, biomedical, industrial, agricultural, and e-waste. It describes the sources and classification of solid waste. It discusses the impacts of solid waste on health. It outlines the processes involved in solid waste management like storage, collection, transport, and different disposal methods like landfilling and incineration. It introduces the concepts of reduce, reuse, and recycle (3Rs) and discusses aspects of recycling and composting municipal solid waste. The document emphasizes the need for proper solid waste management practices.
The document discusses waste classification and management. It outlines various types of waste including domestic, factory, e-waste, construction, agricultural, and more. The waste management process includes waste generation, handling, storage, collection, sorting, processing, transport, and disposal. Key aspects of waste management are minimization, recycling, processing, transformation, and land disposal. The goal is developing an integrated management plan based on the waste lifecycle and sources.
This document discusses various aspects of municipal solid waste management including disposal methods, landfill criteria, and recycling. It provides details on:
- The four main methods for managing municipal solid waste: materials recovery, energy recovery, bioconversion, and landfilling.
- Key criteria for selecting and managing landfill sites, including accessibility, buffer zones, groundwater levels, and restricting public access.
- Standard processes for managing waste including incineration, composting, and landfilling as well as recycling programs for materials like newspapers.
- Benefits of reducing waste such as conserving resources, reducing energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions.
The document discusses sustainable solid waste management. It defines different types of waste and sources of waste. The amount of waste generated is increasing due to urbanization. Open burning of waste causes health and environmental issues. Improper waste management affects health, the environment, and climate change. It provides an approach for responsible and sustainable waste management through reducing, reusing, recycling, and collaboration between different groups. Decentralized waste handling units are proposed along with biogas plants and recycling.
Solid waste management involves the collection, treatment and disposal of solid waste. The document discusses various aspects of solid waste management including definitions of solid waste and SWM. It describes sources and types of waste as well as common collection and disposal methods like landfilling, incineration, compaction and pyrolysis. A case study on SWM in Mumbai outlines the waste generation, collection processes and disposal methods used. The objectives and importance of effective SWM are also highlighted.
The document provides an overview of solid waste management. It defines solid waste and discusses various sources of solid waste including municipal, domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, and e-waste. It then outlines the effects of improper solid waste management. The key methods of solid waste management discussed are segregation, reduction, reuse, recycling, chemical processing, biological processing, landfilling, and incineration. Biological processing methods covered in more detail include composting and anaerobic digestion. The document aims to explain solid waste treatment and management.
1. Hazardous waste landfills are designed with multiple layers to prevent contamination, including compacted waste, clay and plastic linings, leachate collection systems, and groundwater monitoring wells.
2. Common hazardous wastes include cleaning products, paints, pesticides, batteries, motor oil and antifreeze which should not be thrown in the trash or poured down drains but disposed of properly.
3. Transitioning to a low-waste society requires reducing and reusing materials to minimize pollution, following principles like industrial ecology that mimic natural cycles.
The document discusses waste management practices in India. It notes that India generates around 10-12 million tons of waste annually, which is mostly inert and non-biodegradable. The typical waste management system involves collection, transportation, segregation, treatment and disposal. However, open dumping is common practice and adversely impacts the environment and public health. It also outlines the various waste types (municipal, hazardous, biomedical, electronic), relevant laws and policies, and challenges around lack of awareness, collection/segregation issues. Improved government policies, more sustainable industry practices, and increased public participation are suggested to address the growing waste problem.
This document summarizes information about solid waste management. It defines different types of solid waste like municipal, biomedical, industrial, agricultural, and e-waste. It describes the sources and classification of solid waste. It discusses the impacts of solid waste on health. It outlines the processes involved in solid waste management like storage, collection, transport, and different disposal methods like landfilling and incineration. It introduces the concepts of reduce, reuse, and recycle (3Rs) and discusses aspects of recycling and composting municipal solid waste. The document emphasizes the need for proper solid waste management practices.
The document discusses waste classification and management. It outlines various types of waste including domestic, factory, e-waste, construction, agricultural, and more. The waste management process includes waste generation, handling, storage, collection, sorting, processing, transport, and disposal. Key aspects of waste management are minimization, recycling, processing, transformation, and land disposal. The goal is developing an integrated management plan based on the waste lifecycle and sources.
This document discusses various aspects of municipal solid waste management including disposal methods, landfill criteria, and recycling. It provides details on:
- The four main methods for managing municipal solid waste: materials recovery, energy recovery, bioconversion, and landfilling.
- Key criteria for selecting and managing landfill sites, including accessibility, buffer zones, groundwater levels, and restricting public access.
- Standard processes for managing waste including incineration, composting, and landfilling as well as recycling programs for materials like newspapers.
- Benefits of reducing waste such as conserving resources, reducing energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions.
The document discusses sustainable solid waste management. It defines different types of waste and sources of waste. The amount of waste generated is increasing due to urbanization. Open burning of waste causes health and environmental issues. Improper waste management affects health, the environment, and climate change. It provides an approach for responsible and sustainable waste management through reducing, reusing, recycling, and collaboration between different groups. Decentralized waste handling units are proposed along with biogas plants and recycling.
Solid waste management involves the collection, treatment and disposal of solid waste. The document discusses various aspects of solid waste management including definitions of solid waste and SWM. It describes sources and types of waste as well as common collection and disposal methods like landfilling, incineration, compaction and pyrolysis. A case study on SWM in Mumbai outlines the waste generation, collection processes and disposal methods used. The objectives and importance of effective SWM are also highlighted.
The document provides an overview of solid waste management. It defines solid waste and discusses various sources of solid waste including municipal, domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, and e-waste. It then outlines the effects of improper solid waste management. The key methods of solid waste management discussed are segregation, reduction, reuse, recycling, chemical processing, biological processing, landfilling, and incineration. Biological processing methods covered in more detail include composting and anaerobic digestion. The document aims to explain solid waste treatment and management.
This document discusses hazardous waste management. It identifies sources of hazardous waste from industries like petroleum refineries, iron and steel plants, and leather tanning. It categorizes hazardous wastes based on their ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity. The document outlines regulations for generators and transporters of hazardous waste regarding preparation, documentation, and record keeping. It also discusses labeling requirements and various treatment and disposal methods for hazardous waste, including minimization, physical and chemical treatment, biological treatment, incineration, solidification, and land disposal.
Hazardous waste poses threats to public health and the environment. It is classified based on toxic, reactive, ignitable, corrosive, infectious or radioactive properties. The key features of hazardous waste management include the cradle-to-grave manifest system to track waste transportation and treatment, storage and disposal facilities. Treatment methods include chemical, thermal, and biological processes like incineration and landfarming. Untreated waste requires proper disposal such as in secure landfills or recycling to prevent environmental contamination. The national plan outlines priorities to improve hazardous waste management through prevention, collection, self-sufficiency and minimizing impacts.
This document discusses different types of solid waste and solid waste management techniques. It describes various categories of solid waste like kitchen waste, e-waste, and plastic waste. It then explains key concepts in solid waste management like reducing, reusing, recycling, collection, transportation, and disposal. The document also summarizes different treatment and disposal methods for solid waste including incineration, landfilling, composting, and anaerobic digestion.
This document provides an overview of waste management. It begins with definitions of waste and discusses the history of waste disposal from ancient times to the present. It describes the different types of waste including solid waste, sewage, and sullage. Methods of solid waste storage, collection, and disposal are outlined including dumping, controlled tipping, incineration, composting, and others. The Bangalore and mechanical methods of composting are explained in detail.
The document discusses different classifications and types of solid waste. It defines solid waste as any useless, discarded, unwanted material that is not a liquid or gas. Solid waste can be classified based on its source (residential, commercial, institutional, municipal, industrial, agricultural), composition (organic, recyclable, inert), and characteristics. Municipal solid waste typically consists of household waste, construction debris, and waste from streets. It is also classified according to physical and chemical properties into categories like refuse, rubbish, garbage, bulky waste, and hazardous waste. The composition of solid waste varies depending on socioeconomic factors and can include materials like organics, paper, plastics, metals, and glass.
International waste management strategiesAhmed Ali
The waste hierarchy refers to the "3 Rs" reduce, reuse and recycle, which classify waste management strategies according to their desirability in terms of waste minimisation. The waste hierarchy remains the cornerstone of most waste minimisation strategies.
http://socceronlinetv.com/thailand-vs-indonesia-live-streaming/
http://socceronlinetv.com/aff-suzuki-cup-2016-final-live-streaming/
http://socceronlinetv.com/aff-suzuki-cup-2016-final-live/
Waste can be solid, liquid, or gaseous. Solid waste includes household garbage and industrial hazardous waste. Improper waste management poses health and environmental risks through disease transmission and pollution. The 3R approach of reduce, reuse, and recycle aims to lessen waste. Common waste disposal methods include landfilling, incineration, compaction, biogas generation from organic materials, and composting of organic matter to produce manure. Proper waste handling and treatment helps protect public health and the environment.
Solid waste management is an important issue in many Indian cities. Solid waste is defined as all waste arising from human and animal activities that is normally solid and discarded. It consists of organic and inorganic materials. The composition of solid waste varies between countries and changes over time. Solid waste has negative impacts on human health such as chemical poisoning, diseases, and odor pollution. It also harms the environment by releasing greenhouse gases, contaminating soil and water, and causing visual pollution. Solid waste is classified based on its source such as residential, commercial, and industrial. It can also be classified based on its type such as garbage, ashes, combustible materials, and hazardous wastes. The sources and types of solid waste are described. The
This document discusses the disposal of hazardous waste materials. It notes that hazardous waste comes from many sources and can be in different forms, and that more than 400 million tons are produced annually. It outlines rules for managing hazardous waste and the challenges of hazardous waste production, transportation, storage, and different disposal methods like landfills, incineration, and recycling. The goal of hazardous waste management is to minimize harm to human health and the environment.
This document provides an overview of hazardous waste management and the design of a hazardous waste treatment center (HWTC). It discusses key topics such as the definition and characteristics of hazardous waste, past disposal practices, waste generation rates by industry, and the objectives and technical design of an HWTC. The proposed HWTC would include several treatment facilities like a liquid waste treatment plant, land farming facility, hazardous and regular waste landfills, solidification and stabilization unit, and incinerator. It emphasizes the importance of proper design, flexibility, environmental monitoring, and a phased approach to attract private investment and handle waste treatment and disposal.
The document discusses tannery waste from the leather production process. It describes the various steps of soaking, fleshing, liming, unhairing, and tanning (either vegetable or chrome tanning). These steps produce solid and liquid wastes. Solid wastes include hair, trimmings, sludge, and fleshings which can be used for other purposes. Liquid waste is produced during soaking, liming, bating, tanning, bleaching and dyeing. This waste water has a very high total dissolved solids content and requires proper disposal, such as irrigation, municipal sewers, or evaporation ponds to recover salt.
The document discusses solid and hazardous waste classification and management. It outlines different types of wastes and how they are regulated. Hazardous wastes are defined as those exhibiting ignitable, corrosive, reactive or toxic properties above certain thresholds. The document also discusses various waste treatment and disposal methods like incineration, landfilling and the use of geosynthetics in landfill design.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and classifies it based on origin and properties. It describes the composition of refuse and different collection methods. The effects of solid waste are explained along with various management approaches like the 3Rs and different disposal methods including landfilling, incineration, composting, and more. Recommendations are provided around improving management through public awareness, prohibiting littering, and increasing waste collection. Finally, key legal provisions governing solid waste handling and management in India are outlined.
This presentation discusses solid waste management. It defines the objective of solid waste management as controlling, collecting, processing, and disposing of solid wastes in an economical way while protecting public health. The document classifies different types of solid waste and identifies their sources. It outlines current solid waste collection methods in India and discusses the health impacts of improper waste management. Finally, it describes different methods for municipal solid waste disposal, including landfilling, incineration, composting, and explains the 3R approach of reduce, reuse, recycle to promote more sustainable waste management.
The document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid wastes as all wastes generated from human and animal activities that are normally solid and discarded as useless or unwanted. Solid waste management aims to control the generation, storage, collection, transfer, processing and disposal of solid wastes in a sustainable manner. It involves technical, economic, social and political considerations. The key elements of solid waste management systems discussed are waste generation and handling, collection, separation and processing, transfer and transport, and disposal. Landfilling remains the most common method of disposal but there are increasing efforts to promote waste reduction, recycling and transformation through composting or combustion.
This presentation discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste as unwanted solid materials generated from residential, industrial and commercial activities. Solid waste includes garbage, rubbish, demolition waste and more. The objectives of solid waste management are to reduce, reuse and recycle materials, generate energy, promote sustainable development and public health. Methods for solid waste management include sanitary landfills, incineration, composting, recovery and recycling. For Bangladesh, solutions proposed are to control waste through reduction, reuse and recycling, and to establish modern landfills and incineration facilities along with improved waste handling practices.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and describes its various types such as household, industrial, and biomedical waste. The composition of municipal solid waste is provided, with most being organic waste. Health risks of improper waste management are outlined. Methods of waste treatment and disposal discussed include composting, open dumps, landfills, and incineration. A survey of dump sites in Gaza provides size and waste quantities. Leachate from landfills can contaminate groundwater if not properly managed.
Solid waste management involves the collection, transport, processing, recycling, or disposal of unwanted materials. Sources of waste include households, agriculture, fisheries, commerce, and industry. Objectives of solid waste management are public health, reuse, recycling, energy generation, and sustainable development. Improper waste management can negatively impact health, socioeconomics, the environment, and climate through pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Wastes are classified and different types require specific treatment and disposal methods like composting, landfilling, incineration, and secure landfilling for hazardous and biomedical waste.
This document provides an overview of solid waste management. It defines solid waste management as the process of controlling waste generation, storage, collection, transport, processing and disposal in a way that considers public health, conservation and the environment. The document outlines the history of solid waste management, categories and sources of waste, effects of poor management, and common management methods like sanitary landfilling, incineration, composting and recycling. The goals of management are to reduce waste impacts on human health and the environment in an efficient, low-cost manner.
The document discusses different types of waste - liquid, solid, hazardous, organic, recyclable - and sources of waste including municipal, medical, agricultural, industrial, construction/demolition, and electronic sources. It also discusses methods of waste disposal such as incineration, landfilling, and construction waste treatment including using public fill areas and landfills. Management of construction waste in India faces challenges due to limited landfill capacity being reached in the 2020s.
This document discusses hazardous waste management. It identifies sources of hazardous waste from industries like petroleum refineries, iron and steel plants, and leather tanning. It categorizes hazardous wastes based on their ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity. The document outlines regulations for generators and transporters of hazardous waste regarding preparation, documentation, and record keeping. It also discusses labeling requirements and various treatment and disposal methods for hazardous waste, including minimization, physical and chemical treatment, biological treatment, incineration, solidification, and land disposal.
Hazardous waste poses threats to public health and the environment. It is classified based on toxic, reactive, ignitable, corrosive, infectious or radioactive properties. The key features of hazardous waste management include the cradle-to-grave manifest system to track waste transportation and treatment, storage and disposal facilities. Treatment methods include chemical, thermal, and biological processes like incineration and landfarming. Untreated waste requires proper disposal such as in secure landfills or recycling to prevent environmental contamination. The national plan outlines priorities to improve hazardous waste management through prevention, collection, self-sufficiency and minimizing impacts.
This document discusses different types of solid waste and solid waste management techniques. It describes various categories of solid waste like kitchen waste, e-waste, and plastic waste. It then explains key concepts in solid waste management like reducing, reusing, recycling, collection, transportation, and disposal. The document also summarizes different treatment and disposal methods for solid waste including incineration, landfilling, composting, and anaerobic digestion.
This document provides an overview of waste management. It begins with definitions of waste and discusses the history of waste disposal from ancient times to the present. It describes the different types of waste including solid waste, sewage, and sullage. Methods of solid waste storage, collection, and disposal are outlined including dumping, controlled tipping, incineration, composting, and others. The Bangalore and mechanical methods of composting are explained in detail.
The document discusses different classifications and types of solid waste. It defines solid waste as any useless, discarded, unwanted material that is not a liquid or gas. Solid waste can be classified based on its source (residential, commercial, institutional, municipal, industrial, agricultural), composition (organic, recyclable, inert), and characteristics. Municipal solid waste typically consists of household waste, construction debris, and waste from streets. It is also classified according to physical and chemical properties into categories like refuse, rubbish, garbage, bulky waste, and hazardous waste. The composition of solid waste varies depending on socioeconomic factors and can include materials like organics, paper, plastics, metals, and glass.
International waste management strategiesAhmed Ali
The waste hierarchy refers to the "3 Rs" reduce, reuse and recycle, which classify waste management strategies according to their desirability in terms of waste minimisation. The waste hierarchy remains the cornerstone of most waste minimisation strategies.
http://socceronlinetv.com/thailand-vs-indonesia-live-streaming/
http://socceronlinetv.com/aff-suzuki-cup-2016-final-live-streaming/
http://socceronlinetv.com/aff-suzuki-cup-2016-final-live/
Waste can be solid, liquid, or gaseous. Solid waste includes household garbage and industrial hazardous waste. Improper waste management poses health and environmental risks through disease transmission and pollution. The 3R approach of reduce, reuse, and recycle aims to lessen waste. Common waste disposal methods include landfilling, incineration, compaction, biogas generation from organic materials, and composting of organic matter to produce manure. Proper waste handling and treatment helps protect public health and the environment.
Solid waste management is an important issue in many Indian cities. Solid waste is defined as all waste arising from human and animal activities that is normally solid and discarded. It consists of organic and inorganic materials. The composition of solid waste varies between countries and changes over time. Solid waste has negative impacts on human health such as chemical poisoning, diseases, and odor pollution. It also harms the environment by releasing greenhouse gases, contaminating soil and water, and causing visual pollution. Solid waste is classified based on its source such as residential, commercial, and industrial. It can also be classified based on its type such as garbage, ashes, combustible materials, and hazardous wastes. The sources and types of solid waste are described. The
This document discusses the disposal of hazardous waste materials. It notes that hazardous waste comes from many sources and can be in different forms, and that more than 400 million tons are produced annually. It outlines rules for managing hazardous waste and the challenges of hazardous waste production, transportation, storage, and different disposal methods like landfills, incineration, and recycling. The goal of hazardous waste management is to minimize harm to human health and the environment.
This document provides an overview of hazardous waste management and the design of a hazardous waste treatment center (HWTC). It discusses key topics such as the definition and characteristics of hazardous waste, past disposal practices, waste generation rates by industry, and the objectives and technical design of an HWTC. The proposed HWTC would include several treatment facilities like a liquid waste treatment plant, land farming facility, hazardous and regular waste landfills, solidification and stabilization unit, and incinerator. It emphasizes the importance of proper design, flexibility, environmental monitoring, and a phased approach to attract private investment and handle waste treatment and disposal.
The document discusses tannery waste from the leather production process. It describes the various steps of soaking, fleshing, liming, unhairing, and tanning (either vegetable or chrome tanning). These steps produce solid and liquid wastes. Solid wastes include hair, trimmings, sludge, and fleshings which can be used for other purposes. Liquid waste is produced during soaking, liming, bating, tanning, bleaching and dyeing. This waste water has a very high total dissolved solids content and requires proper disposal, such as irrigation, municipal sewers, or evaporation ponds to recover salt.
The document discusses solid and hazardous waste classification and management. It outlines different types of wastes and how they are regulated. Hazardous wastes are defined as those exhibiting ignitable, corrosive, reactive or toxic properties above certain thresholds. The document also discusses various waste treatment and disposal methods like incineration, landfilling and the use of geosynthetics in landfill design.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and classifies it based on origin and properties. It describes the composition of refuse and different collection methods. The effects of solid waste are explained along with various management approaches like the 3Rs and different disposal methods including landfilling, incineration, composting, and more. Recommendations are provided around improving management through public awareness, prohibiting littering, and increasing waste collection. Finally, key legal provisions governing solid waste handling and management in India are outlined.
This presentation discusses solid waste management. It defines the objective of solid waste management as controlling, collecting, processing, and disposing of solid wastes in an economical way while protecting public health. The document classifies different types of solid waste and identifies their sources. It outlines current solid waste collection methods in India and discusses the health impacts of improper waste management. Finally, it describes different methods for municipal solid waste disposal, including landfilling, incineration, composting, and explains the 3R approach of reduce, reuse, recycle to promote more sustainable waste management.
The document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid wastes as all wastes generated from human and animal activities that are normally solid and discarded as useless or unwanted. Solid waste management aims to control the generation, storage, collection, transfer, processing and disposal of solid wastes in a sustainable manner. It involves technical, economic, social and political considerations. The key elements of solid waste management systems discussed are waste generation and handling, collection, separation and processing, transfer and transport, and disposal. Landfilling remains the most common method of disposal but there are increasing efforts to promote waste reduction, recycling and transformation through composting or combustion.
This presentation discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste as unwanted solid materials generated from residential, industrial and commercial activities. Solid waste includes garbage, rubbish, demolition waste and more. The objectives of solid waste management are to reduce, reuse and recycle materials, generate energy, promote sustainable development and public health. Methods for solid waste management include sanitary landfills, incineration, composting, recovery and recycling. For Bangladesh, solutions proposed are to control waste through reduction, reuse and recycling, and to establish modern landfills and incineration facilities along with improved waste handling practices.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and describes its various types such as household, industrial, and biomedical waste. The composition of municipal solid waste is provided, with most being organic waste. Health risks of improper waste management are outlined. Methods of waste treatment and disposal discussed include composting, open dumps, landfills, and incineration. A survey of dump sites in Gaza provides size and waste quantities. Leachate from landfills can contaminate groundwater if not properly managed.
Solid waste management involves the collection, transport, processing, recycling, or disposal of unwanted materials. Sources of waste include households, agriculture, fisheries, commerce, and industry. Objectives of solid waste management are public health, reuse, recycling, energy generation, and sustainable development. Improper waste management can negatively impact health, socioeconomics, the environment, and climate through pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Wastes are classified and different types require specific treatment and disposal methods like composting, landfilling, incineration, and secure landfilling for hazardous and biomedical waste.
This document provides an overview of solid waste management. It defines solid waste management as the process of controlling waste generation, storage, collection, transport, processing and disposal in a way that considers public health, conservation and the environment. The document outlines the history of solid waste management, categories and sources of waste, effects of poor management, and common management methods like sanitary landfilling, incineration, composting and recycling. The goals of management are to reduce waste impacts on human health and the environment in an efficient, low-cost manner.
The document discusses different types of waste - liquid, solid, hazardous, organic, recyclable - and sources of waste including municipal, medical, agricultural, industrial, construction/demolition, and electronic sources. It also discusses methods of waste disposal such as incineration, landfilling, and construction waste treatment including using public fill areas and landfills. Management of construction waste in India faces challenges due to limited landfill capacity being reached in the 2020s.
This document outlines the key topics covered in a course on municipal solid waste management. It includes 5 units that will impart knowledge on sources and characteristics of municipal solid waste, concepts of reduction, reuse and recycling, methods of collection and transfer, processing techniques, and disposal methods such as sanitary landfilling. The course objectives are to understand the nature of municipal solid wastes and issues in management from an integrated perspective, and to plan and design systems for storage, collection, transport, processing and disposal of wastes.
9. WASTE COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT.pptxRENERGISTICS
Waste collection and transport is an important part of solid waste management. Various types of solid wastes are generated from residential, commercial, and industrial sources. It is important to segregate wastes into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories for proper disposal. Collection and transport of waste involves gathering waste from sources and transporting it to processing or disposal sites.
Environmental science Module 2 Topic. This PPT is not a work of mine and was provided by our college professor during our graduation, so I am not sure about the original author. The credit goes to the Original author.
EN8591 Municipal Solid waste management Unit 1 - Two mark Q&A.pptxSubha C
This document provides an overview of municipal solid waste management. It defines different types of solid waste such as biodegradable, non-biodegradable, combustible, and hazardous waste. It also outlines the key principles of municipal solid waste management including waste generation, collection, separation, processing, transport, energy recovery, and disposal. Additionally, it discusses the impacts of improper waste disposal on the environment and lists common physical components of municipal solid waste.
10. PREPROCESSING OF BIOMASS AND ITS MANAGEMENT.pptxRENERGISTICS
Engineering the physical, chemical, and energy properties of lignocellulosic biomass is important to produce high-quality consistent feedstocks with reduced variability for biofuels production. The emphasis of this book will be the beneficial impacts that mechanical, chemical, and thermal preprocessing methods can have on lignocellulosic biomass quality attributes or specifications for solid and liquid biofuels and biopower production technologies. "Preprocessing" refers to treatments that can occur at a distance from conversion and result in an intermediate with added value, with improved conversion performance and efficiency.
Urban and industrial waste comes from various human activities and is increasing due to population growth, urbanization, and industrialization. Urban waste includes domestic waste from homes, commercial waste from shops and offices, construction waste, and biomedical waste from hospitals. It can be classified as biodegradable or non-biodegradable. Improper disposal of waste can cause environmental and health problems. The main steps in management are reduce, reuse and recycle (3Rs) as well as landfilling, incineration, and composting. Landfilling is common but requires large areas, while incineration reduces waste volume but is more expensive. Composting converts organic waste to fertilizer but requires separation of materials.
This document provides definitions and an overview of different types of waste including municipal solid waste, industrial solid waste, agricultural waste, hazardous waste, nuclear waste, and electronic waste. It discusses the environmental impacts of waste and various waste management strategies like waste processing, disposal methods, and technologies. It also outlines responsibilities of citizens and provides information on waste management courses, books, journals, and organizations.
Municipal solid waste contains a wide variety of materials from both domestic and commercial sources. As India's urban population grows, the amount of municipal solid waste generated is projected to increase dramatically. Effective management of municipal solid waste involves reducing, recycling, composting, landfilling, and converting waste to energy. Current waste management practices in most Indian cities are unsustainable and will need to incorporate more stakeholder participation going forward.
The document discusses various topics related to waste management including:
- The meaning of waste management and different types of waste such as solid, liquid, hazardous, organic, and recyclable.
- Sources of waste like municipal, medical, agricultural, industrial, and electronic sources.
- Methods of waste disposal including landfilling, incineration, recycling, composting, and energy recovery from waste.
- The importance of sustainability and resource recovery in modern waste management practices.
The document discusses different types of waste including solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes. It describes various sources of waste such as municipal, industrial, agricultural, commercial, and how they can be categorized as biodegradable, non-biodegradable, or hazardous. Methods of waste treatment discussed include sanitary landfills, composting, incineration, physical and recycling methods.
The document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and describes its various sources such as residential, commercial, and industrial areas. The types of solid waste are categorized and examples are provided. Improper management of solid waste can lead to negative environmental and health impacts. Methods of solid waste treatment include reduction, reuse, recycling, composting, landfilling, and incineration. Laws governing solid waste management in India are also outlined. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of solid waste, its impacts, and management approaches.
This document discusses solid waste and its sources, types, and composition. It defines solid waste and differentiates it from hazardous waste. Solid waste comes from residential, industrial, commercial, institutional, construction and demolition, agricultural, and biomedical sources. The main types of solid waste produced are food waste, plastics, paper, glass, metals, wood, and electronics. It also briefly discusses the differences between urban and rural solid waste management.
This document discusses different types of waste, how waste is generated and managed around the world. It describes various categories of waste such as solid, liquid, hazardous, organic, recyclable waste. It also outlines major sources of waste like municipal, medical, agricultural, industrial, and electronic waste. Finally, it discusses common waste management methods like incineration, landfilling, recycling, composting and their environmental impacts.
Urban solid waste management a study on comilla city corporationAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on urban solid waste management in Comilla City Corporation, Bangladesh. It finds that the city corporation faces several challenges in managing solid waste, including limited funding, equipment, and staffing. Waste collection is provided by both the city corporation and community organizations, but coverage is inadequate. There are also issues with outdated vehicles and a lack of proper disposal and recycling systems. Public awareness of waste issues is still low. The study aims to assess the current waste management process, problems with service delivery, and public satisfaction to provide recommendations for improvement.
Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal, and
monitoring of waste materials.
[1]
The term usually relates to materials produced by human
activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or
aesthetics. Waste management is also carried out to recover resources from it. Waste
management can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances, with different methods
and fields of expertise for each.
This document provides an overview of municipal solid waste (MSW) in India. It discusses the sources and types of solid waste, characteristics of MSW including physical and chemical properties, degradation times of materials, and generation rates in various Indian cities. It also describes the processes of storage, collection, transportation, and treatment of MSW including methods like composting, landfilling, recycling, and thermal treatments like incineration. The regulatory framework around MSW management in India involving rules issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forests is also briefly outlined.
The document defines solid waste and provides classifications based on source of generation and type of waste. It discusses the various sources and typical types of solid wastes generated from residential, commercial, industrial, construction and demolition, municipal services, agricultural, and institutional sources. The document also covers composition of solid wastes, time taken for different materials to degrade, and the key aspects of solid waste management including generation and storage, collection, transfer, sorting, processing, recycling, and disposal.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
1. Solid waste management is a term that is used to
refer to the process of collecting and treating solid
wastes. It also offers solutions for recycling
items that do not belong to garbage or trash. As
long as people have been living in settlements and
residential areas, garbage or solid waste has been
an issue. Waste management is all about how
solid waste can be changed and used as a valuable
resource.
What is Solid Waste Management
2. “Solid-waste management, the collecting, treating,
and disposing of solid material that is discarded
because it has served its purpose or is no longer
useful. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste
can create unsanitary conditions, and these
conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the
environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne
disease—that is, diseases spread by rodents and
insects.”
3. Categories of Waste
Organic waste: Kitchen waste, waste from food
preparation, vegetables, flowers, leaves, fruits,
and market places.
Combustibles: Paper, wood, dried leaves,
packaging for relief items etc. that are highly
organic and having low moisture content.
Non-combustibles: Metal, Tins, Cans, bottles,
stones, etc.
Toxic waste: Old medicines, paints, chemicals,
bulbs, spray cans, fertilizer and pesticide
containers, batteries, shoe polish.
4. Recyclables: Paper, glass, metals, plastics.
Ashes or Dust: Residue from fires that are used for
cooking.
Construction waste: Rubble, roofing, broken
concrete etc.
Hazardous waste: Oil, battery acid, medical waste,
industrial waste, hospital waste.
Dead animals: Carcasses of dead livestock or other
animals.
Bulky waste: Tree branches, tires etc.
Soiled waste: Hospital waste such as cloth soiled
with blood and other body fluids.
5. Various Sources of Solid Waste
Every day, tonnes of solid waste are disposed of at various
landfill sites. This waste comes from homes, offices,
industries and various other agricultural related activities.
The following are major sources of solid waste:
1. Residential
Residences and homes where people live are some of the
major sources of solid waste. The garbage from these places
includes food wastes, plastics, paper, glass, leather,
cardboard, metals, yard wastes, ashes and special wastes like
bulky household items such as electronics, tires, batteries, old
mattresses and used oil.
6. 2. Industrial
Industries are known to be one of the biggest contributors to solid waste. They
include light and heavy manufacturing industries, construction sites,
fabrication plants, canning plants, power and chemical plants.
These industries produce solid waste in the form of housekeeping wastes, food
wastes, packaging wastes, ashes, construction and demolition materials,
special wastes, medical wastes as well as other hazardous wastes.
3. Commercial
Commercial facilities and buildings are yet another source of solid waste today.
Commercial buildings and facilities, in this case, refer to hotels, markets,
restaurants, godowns, stores and office buildings.
Some of the solid wastes generated from these places include plastics, food
wastes, metals, paper, glass, wood, cardboard materials, special wastes and
other hazardous wastes.
7. 4. Institutional
The institutional centers like schools, colleges, prisons, military barracks and
other government centers also produce solid waste. Some of the common solid
wastes obtained from these places include glass, rubber waste, plastics, food
wastes, wood, paper, metals, cardboard materials, electronics as well as various
hazardous wastes.
5. Construction and Demolition Areas
Construction and demolition sites also contribute to the solid waste problem.
Construction sites include new construction sites for buildings and roads, road
repair sites, building renovation sites and building demolition sites. Some of the
solid wastes produced in these places include steel materials, concrete, wood,
plastics, rubber, copper wires, dirt and glass.
8. 6. Municipal Services
The urban centers also contribute immensely to the solid waste crisis in
most countries today. Some of the solid waste brought about by the
municipal services include street cleaning, wastes from parks and
beaches, wastewater treatment plants, landscaping wastes and wastes
from recreational areas, including sludge.
7. Treatment Plants and Sites
Heavy and light manufacturing plants also produce solid waste. They
include refineries, power plants, processing plants, mineral extraction
plants and chemical plants.
Among the wastes produced by these plants, there are industrial
process wastes, unwanted specification products, plastics, metal parts,
just to mention a few.
9. 8. Agriculture
Crop farms, orchards, dairies, vineyards and feedlots are also sources of
solid wastes. Among the wastes they produce are agricultural wastes,
spoiled food, pesticide containers and other hazardous materials.
9. Biomedical
This refers to hospitals and biomedical equipment and chemical
manufacturing firms. In hospitals, there are different types of solid
wastes produced.
Some of these solid wastes include syringes, bandages, used gloves,
drugs, paper, plastics, food wastes and chemicals. All these require
proper disposal or else they will cause a huge problem for the
environment and the people in these facilities.
10. Solid Waste: Composition, Characteristics and Methods of Collection
Waste characterization means finding out how much paper, glass, food waste, etc. is
discarded in your waste stream. Waste characterization information helps in planning how to
reduce waste, set up recycling programs, and conserve money and resources.
Their composition are yard waste, food waste, plastics, wood, metals, papers, rubbers,
leather, batteries, inert materials, textiles, paint containers, demolishing and construction
materials as well as many others that would be difficult to classify.
11. Composition and Characteristics
The composition and characteristics of municipal solid wastes vary throughout
the world. Even in the same country it changes from place to place as it depends
on number of factors such as social customs, standard of living, geographical
location, climate etc. MSW is heterogeneous in nature and consists of a number
of different materials derived from various types of activities. Even then it is
worthwhile to make some general observation to obtain some useful conclusions.
•The major constituents are paper and organic matter;
•Metal, glass, ceramics, plastics, textiles, dirt and wood are generally present
although not always so, the relative proportions depending on local factors;
•The average proportion of constituents reaching a disposal site(s) for a particular
urban area changes in long term although there may be significant seasonal
variations within a year.
12. For these reasons an analysis of the composition of solid waste, for rich and poor countries
alike, is expressed in terms of a limited number of constituents. It is useful in illustrating the
variations from one urban center to another and from country to country. Data for different
degrees of national wealth (annual per-capita income) are presented in Table 3.3. Waste
composition also varies with socio-economic status within a particular community, since
income determines life-style – consumption patterns and cultural behaviour.
13. Several conclusions may be drawn from this comparative data:
•The proportion of paper waste increases with increasing national income;
•The proportion of putrescible organic matter (food waste) is greater in countries of low income
than those of high income;
•Variation in waste composition is more dependent on national income than geographical location,
although the latter is also significant;
•Waste density is a function of national income, being two to three times higher in the low-income
countries than in countries of high income;
Moisture content is also higher in low-income countries; and
•The composition of waste in a given urban center varies significantly with socio-economic status
(household income).
14. Collection of Solid Waste:
Collection is the first fundamental function of solid waste management. Solid
waste collection refers to the gathering of solid waste from place to place such as
residential, commercial, industrial and institutional areas as well as public parks.
Methods of Collection:
There are generally two methods of collection:
(i) Hauled container system:
In this system the container is hauled from the collection point to the final point of
disposal, processing facility or transfer station.
(ii) Stationary container system:
In this system the container is emptied into the collection vehicles at the point of
collection.
Door Step Collection:
Under the principle of users pay, beneficiaries pay, and polluters pay, MCH has
introduced the scheme of collecting user charges from bulk garbage generators in the
city.
15. RESOURCE RECOVERY AND RECYCLING
Many components of municipal solid wastes can be reused as secondary material.
Among these are papers, cardboard, plastic, glass, ferrous metal, aluminum, and other
nonferrous metals. These materials must be separated from MSW before they can be
recycled. In this section, material recycling, and separation methods are first briefly
presented, followed by bioconversion and refuse derived fuel (RDF) methods. Refuse-
derived fuel (RDF) is a fuel produced from various types of waste such as municipal solid waste
(MSW), industrial waste or commercial waste. which can be used as substitute for fossil fuels in
e.g. cement plants, lime plants, coal fired power plants or as reduction agent in steel furnaces.
Many components of MSW are currently recycled. Among these are paper and paper
products. These products are recycled in manufacturing building materials such as roofing
felt, insulation and wallboard, and are also used to manufacture cartons and containers. Plastic
is recycled to produce insulating material, sheets, bags, and structural material. Energy is
recovered from combustion of organic wastes. Other components of MSW (1990) estimate that
approximately 13% of MSW is currently recycled, and a 14 percent fraction is incinerated.
16. Solid Waste Disposal
Solid waste disposal management is usually referred to the process of collecting and treating
solid wastes. It provides solutions for recycling items that do not belong to garbage or trash.
Solid waste management can be described as how solid waste can be changed and used as a
valuable resource.
Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these
conditions in turn lead to pollution of the environment. Diseases can be spread by
rodents(Rats) and insects. The tasks of solid waste disposal management are complex
technical challenges. They can also pose a wide variety of economic, administrative and social
problems that must be changed and solved.
17. Methods of Solid Waste Disposal and Management:
Here are the methods of solid waste disposal and management:
1) Solid Waste Open Burning
2) Sea dumping process
3) Solid wastes sanitary landfills
4) Incineration method
5) Composting process
6) Disposal by Ploughing into the fields
7) Disposal by hog feeding
8) Salvaging procedure
9) Fermentation/biological digestion
18. 1. Solid Waste Open Burning
Solid waste open burning is not the perfect method in the present scenario.
2. Sea Dumping Process
This sea dumping process can be carried out only in coastal cities. This is very costly procedure
and not environment friendly.
3. Solid wastes sanitary landfills
Solid wastes sanitary landfills process is simple, clean and effective. In this procedure, layers are
compressed with some mechanical equipment and covered with earth, leveled, and compacted.
A deep trench of 3 to 5 m is excavated and micro-organisms act on the organic matter and
degrade them.
In this procedure, refuse depth is generally limited to 2m. Facultative bacteria hydrolyze
complex organic matter into simpler water soluble organics
4. Incineration method
Incineration method is suitable for combustible refuse. High operation costs and construction
are involved in this procedure. This method would be suited in crowded cities where sites for
land filling are not available.
It can be used to reduce the volume of solid wastes for land filling.
19. 5. Composting process
Composting process is similar to sanitary land-filling and it is popular in developing countries.
Decomposable organic matter is separated and composted in this procedure. Yields are stable end
products and good soil conditioners. They can be used as a base for fertilizers.
6. Disposal by Ploughing into the fields
Disposal by ploughing into the fields are not commonly used. These disposals are not environment
friendly in general.
7. Disposal by hog feeding
Disposal by hog feeding is not general procedure in India. Garbage disposal into sewers including
BOD (Biochemical oxygen Demand) and TSS(Toxic Shock Syndrome) increases by 20-30%. Refuse is
ground well in grinders and then fed into sewers.
8. Salvaging procedure
Materials such as metal, paper, glass, rags, certain types of plastic and so on can be salvaged,
recycled, and reused.
9. Fermentation/biological digestion
Biodegradable wastes are converted to compost and recycling can be done whenever possible.
Hazardous wastes can be disposed using suitable methods.
20. Vermicompost
Vermicompost (vermi-compost) is the product of the decomposition process using various
species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms, to create a
mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast. This
process is called vermicomposting, while the rearing of worms for this purpose is called
vermiculture.
Vermicast (also called worm castings, worm humus, worm manure, or worm faeces) is the end-
product of the breakdown of organic matter by earthworms. These castings have been shown
to contain reduced levels of contaminants and a higher saturation of nutrients than the organic
materials before vermicomposting.
21. Incineration (Destroying waste by burning)
It is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained
in waste materials.
Industrial plants for waste incineration are commonly referred to as waste-to-energy facilities.
Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal
treatment".
Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and heat. The ash is mostly
formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste and may take the form of solid lumps or
particulates carried by the flue gas.
The flue gases must be cleaned of gaseous and particulate pollutants before they are dispersed
into the atmosphere.
In some cases, the heat that is generated by incineration can be used to generate electric
power
22. Biomedical waste
Biomedical waste or hospital waste is any kind of waste containing infectious (or potentially
infectious) materials. It may also include waste associated with the generation of biomedical
waste that visually appears to be of medical or laboratory origin (e.g. packaging, unused
bandages, infusion kits etc.), as well research laboratory waste containing biomolecules or
organisms that are mainly restricted from environmental release.
Biomedical waste is generated from biological and medical sources and activities, such as the
diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of diseases. Common generators (or producers) of
biomedical waste include hospitals, health clinics, nursing homes, emergency medical services,
medical research laboratories, offices of physicians, dentists, veterinarians, home health care and
morgues or funeral homes.
23. Effects of medical waste on the environment
Improper management of health care waste can have both direct and indirect health
consequences for health personnel, community members and on the environment. Indirect
consequences in the form of toxic emissions from inadequate burning of medical waste, or the
production of millions of used syringes in a period of three to four weeks from an insufficiently
well planned mass immunization campaign.
The most serious effect that biomedical waste has on our seas is the discharge of poisons
into the waters that could then be consumed by ocean life creatures. Toxins would interject
into the food chain and eventually reach humans who consume sea creatures. Human
exposure to such toxins can stunt human growth development and cause birth defects.[1
The high volume of plastic use in the medical field also poses a dangerous threat to the
environment
24. Management
Biomedical waste must be properly managed and disposed of to protect the environment,
general public and workers, especially healthcare and sanitation workers who are at risk of
exposure to biomedical waste as an occupational hazard. Steps in the management of biomedical
waste include generation, accumulation, handling, storage, treatment, transport and disposal.
The development and implementation of a national waste management policy can improve
biomedical waste management in health facilities in a country
Biomedical waste should be collected in containers that are leak-proof and sufficiently strong to
prevent breakage during handling. Containers of biomedical waste are marked with a biohazard
symbol. The container, marking, and labels are often red.
The goals of biomedical waste treatment are to reduce or eliminate the waste's hazards, and
usually to make the waste unrecognizable. Treatment should render the waste safe for
subsequent handling and disposal. There are several treatment methods that can accomplish
these goals.It include secregating the bio waste
25. There are many licensed Common Bio Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities
(CBWTDF) or Common Treatment Facility (CTF) in the country.
The training of Health Care Facility staff and the awareness of the Hazards of Bio Medical
waste is still a challenge in most of the country. The compliance is being enforced through
penalties and via awareness. The CTF are operational in most Tier 1 cities and Tier 2 cities of
India and compliance is high today because of *NGT(National Green Tribunal) act. But lack
of awareness lead to issues of improper segregation. In Tier 2 and 3 cities the general waste
is also mixed with Bio Medical waste.
* The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 is an Act of the Parliament of India which enables the
creation of a special tribunal to handle the expeditious disposal of the cases pertaining to
environmental issues.
26. The latest guidelines for segregation of bio-medical waste recommend the following
color coding:
•Red Bag – Syringes (without needles), soiled gloves, catheters, IV tubes etc. should
be all disposed of in a red colored bag, which will later be incinerated.
•Yellow Bag – All dressings, bandages and cotton swabs with body fluids, blood bags,
human anatomical waste, body parts are to be discarded in yellow bags.
•Cardboard box with blue marking – Glass vials, ampules, other glass ware is to be
discarded in a cardboard box with a blue marking/sticker.
•White Puncture Proof Container (PPC) – Needles, sharps, blades are disposed of in
a white translucent puncture proof container.
•Black Bags – These are to be used for non-bio-medical waste. In a hospital setup,
this includes stationary, vegetable and fruit peels, leftovers, packaging including that
from medicines, disposable caps, disposable masks, disposable shoe-covers,
disposable tea cups, cartons, sweeping dust, kitchen waste etc.