tannery industry is the industry where leather is manufactured from the skins of animals . the whole process and the way it affects the water and their treatment has been mentioned in this ppt.
Lecture notes of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
tannery industry is the industry where leather is manufactured from the skins of animals . the whole process and the way it affects the water and their treatment has been mentioned in this ppt.
Lecture notes of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Presentation on process, pollution and control in textile industryMd. Sirajul Islam
Presentation on process, pollution and control in textile industry.
Fiber, Fabric Production and Pollution, Environmental Effects, way out...
Different kind of processes and pollutions
Presentaion consits of basic idea about the treatment process of the w//w, mainly come from fertilizer industris. Introduction,m types of fertilizers, layout and procees of synthesis includerelevant information about topic.On every unique as well as efficient process for effective reducton of C.O.D and NH3-N. Details of pre as well as post procees effect on every stream is giveing the importance to process importance.
Presentation on process, pollution and control in textile industryMd. Sirajul Islam
Presentation on process, pollution and control in textile industry.
Fiber, Fabric Production and Pollution, Environmental Effects, way out...
Different kind of processes and pollutions
Presentaion consits of basic idea about the treatment process of the w//w, mainly come from fertilizer industris. Introduction,m types of fertilizers, layout and procees of synthesis includerelevant information about topic.On every unique as well as efficient process for effective reducton of C.O.D and NH3-N. Details of pre as well as post procees effect on every stream is giveing the importance to process importance.
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Leather Industry, Chemistry
How to buy leather goods & travel in style for founders / CEO/ Entrepreneurs ...Emmanuel Omikunle
I'm sure many of you have bought leather goods or what you thought was leather and just regretted it. If you don't buy quality goods the first time and that also last. . .you most likely end up throwing out many poor quality: watch bands, shoes, bags, couches, jackets, purses, car sits, etc. Identify Leather. The holidays are coming, birthdays, gift giving, weddings, a_ _-kissing, and many more events are going to be a part of your living life. And part of that life will involve making sure to buy quality-genuine leather and not be stuck with an inferior product that you regret ever buying. Pick up full eBook on sale today https://mblog.bjmannyst.com/2019/11/how-to-buy-leather-goods-travel-in.html
Acids , Bases & Salts (Some Important chemical compounds)VeenuGupta8
This presentation is based on the some important salts and their uses which are dealing with the syllabus of class 10 chemistry. this presentation will help the students and teachers during the teaching learning process. .It contains all the necessary informations about baking soda,baking powder,sodium hydroxide, POP,Gypsum,bleaching powder,water of crystallisation and hydrated salts
Super Tannery Ltd, is the world’s leading Buffalo leather tannery and specializes in the manufacture of high quality leather for Automotive & Furniture Upholstery, Safety & Lifestyle Footwear, Bags, Belts, Sporting Goods and Equestrian equipment.
Water is an inevitable part of textile and apparel processing industry .The textile fibers, including wool, silk and cotton is prepared for fabrication by scouring processes which involve the use of quantities of water. The standards of purity required are high in all cases but very with the specific operations.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
2. TANNERY WASTE
Tanning industry involves conversion of animal skin into an end product useful for
making leather goods such as shoes, bags, purses, belts and clothing.
Tanning of raw skin done either by vegetable tanning process or chrome tanning
process.
The manufacturing process start with the removal of unwanted layers from the
hide, allowing the tanning agent to penetrate the hide and convert it into a pliable
material, which is finished with various colors and surface finishes.
4. SOAKING
Soaking the skin in water to remove the preservative salt and to remove the skin’s stiff
nature.
Soaking may be done for 5-10 days.
It produces a strong but intermittent waste water stream, because the salt water is
discharged occasionally.
This stream contains, in addition to the salt, dirt, dung,
and blood.
It has a dark olive green color.
5. FLESHING
Which removes the fatty tissues from the hides.
This may be done either manually or by mechanical means .
Continuous flow of water is used in this step in order to carry away the fleshing.
The results in generating a continuous stream
of waste water, which is quiet putrescent in
nature.
6. LIMING
In liming, hides are treated with lime and alkaline reducing agent like sodium
sulphide (Na2S).
This chemical helps in the swelling process of the hide.
The hair on the hides or skin are also loosened.
7. UNHAIRING
Loosened hair are removed by mechanical or manual mean.
They are separated from wash water with the help of screens.
Washing of hides also removes excess lime used earlier.
8. BATING
It is done to reduce the pH and It reduces the swelling.
It peptize the fibres and remove the protein-degradation products.
Bating makes the grain silky, slippery, smoother and more porous
and diminishes the wrinkles on the
skin or hide.
9. VEGETABLE TANNING
Vegetable tanning uses tannins , which occur naturally in the bark and leaves
of many plants.
Tannins bind to the collagen proteins in the hide and coat them, causing them
to become less water-soluble and more resistant to bacterial attack.
The process also causes the hide to become more flexible.
Hides are stretched on frames and immersed for several weeks in vats of
increasing concentrations of tannin.
Vegetable-tanned hide is not very flexible and is used for luggage, furniture,
footwear, belts, and other clothing accessories.
10. CHROME TANNING
The process of chrome tanning is of a shorter duration than vegetable tanning and
produces a more resistant leather.
After bating, the hides are subjected to pickling, a process in which sodium
chloride(5%-8% strength) and sulphuric acid (0.75% strength) are used.
The reaction is allowed to continue for 10-16 hours. Tanning is done by charging
the hides in drums containing basic chromium sulphate and sodium chloride.
The latter promotes penetration of the chromium salt into hides.
11. There are few special tanning processes aimed at producing white garments,
lather, etc. in which sheepskin is raw hide.
These skins may be tanned using chrome tanning chemical or alum or even
vegetable tanning agents.
The operations of soaking, fleshing, liming and unhairing are carried out in the
beam house, bating and washing of hides is done in the scrub house. While
tanning, bleaching, fat liquoring and finishing is done in the tan yard.
Washing , liming, bating, tanning, bleaching and dyeing produce strong but
intermittent wastes.
13. This above waste has commercial value, in that the salt can be recovered and
reused.
Hair are used for making plaster binders.
Raw trimmings can be converted into glue and gelatin, or are useful for making
leather board, lime sludge is useful for correcting acidic soils.
Fleshings are used as the poultry feed.
Chrome sludge can be converted into bricks and spent vegetable tan bark is used
as fuel.
14. DISPOSAL OF WASTE WATER
Tannery waste water may be disposed of on land for irrigation or into municipal
sewers or into the sea.
These wastes have very have TDS because of the use of salt as preservatives.
The TDS may be as high as 20,000 mg/L. therefore, the raw hides are dusted
before soaking to remove the dried salt. Further the soaking is done in a series of
tanks and water from the first tank, which has the highest conc. Of salts in it, is
stored in evaporation ponds and the dried salt is disposed of with other
predustings. This step reduces TDS considerably, and now it can be used in
irrigation and cultivation purposes.
