This document presents information on solid waste management in agricultural fields. It discusses the different types of agricultural waste generated such as manure, harvest waste, and pesticide and fertilizer run-off. The waste management process involves reducing, recycling and reusing waste. Treatment methods mentioned include composting, using waste to produce biogas, and applying the 4R approach of reduce, reuse, recycle and recover. Proper agricultural waste management is important to prevent environmental pollution and ensure good crop yields and soil quality.
According to a conservative estimate, around 800 to 1000 Mt of agricultural wastes available in India every year, but most of it is not used properly. We must convert this waste into wealth by mobilizing all biomass in bioenergy and supply nutrients to the soil.
Agricultural waste -
1.Reduce indiscriminate disposal or burning of waste products which cause both soil, water and air pollution.
2. can maintaining the fertility of the soil
3.Conversion of all forms of vegetable and animal waste into organic matter suitable for the needs of the growing crop.
4.Can help the farmer to increase their socio-economic and also country income
5.Able to reduce the cost of animal feeding
Agricultural wastes are defined as the residues from the growing and processing of row agricultural products such as fruits, vegetables, meat, poultry, dairy products and crops etc.
According to a conservative estimate, around 800 to 1000 Mt of agricultural wastes available in India every year, but most of it is not used properly. We must convert this waste into wealth by mobilizing all biomass in bioenergy and supply nutrients to the soil.
Agricultural waste -
1.Reduce indiscriminate disposal or burning of waste products which cause both soil, water and air pollution.
2. can maintaining the fertility of the soil
3.Conversion of all forms of vegetable and animal waste into organic matter suitable for the needs of the growing crop.
4.Can help the farmer to increase their socio-economic and also country income
5.Able to reduce the cost of animal feeding
Agricultural wastes are defined as the residues from the growing and processing of row agricultural products such as fruits, vegetables, meat, poultry, dairy products and crops etc.
Valorization of Agro-Industrial Waste.pptxDCSaxena1
Agricultural and food industries produce the vast amount of wastes annually.
Burning, dumping or unplanned landfilling are major traditional steps to get rid off untreated and underutilized organic wastes.
The above unplanned management majors creating problems like global warming by increasing the amount and number of greenhouse gases.
The impact of unplanned management is not limited to locality now, it is affecting major areas of India.
Waste management or waste disposal are all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.[1] This includes amongst other things collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation. It also encompasses the legal and regulatory framework that relates to waste management encompassing guidance on recycling.
Waste can take any form that is solid, liquid, or gas and each have different methods of disposal and management. Waste management normally deals with all types of waste whether it was created in forms that are industrial, biological, household, and special cases where it may pose a threat to human health.[2] It is produced due to human activity such as when factories extract and process raw materials.[3] Waste management is intended to reduce adverse effects of waste on health, the environment or aesthetics.
Waste management practices are not uniform among countries (developed and developing nations); regions (urban and rural areas), and sectors (residential and industrial).[4]
A large portion of waste management practices deal with municipal solid waste (MSW) which is waste that is created by household, industrial, and commercial activity.[5]
9. WASTE COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT.pptxRENERGISTICS
When it comes to collecting, sorting and transporting waste, a distinction is made between systematic and systemless approaches. The kirbside collection of bundled waste paper is an example of the latter. On the other hand various container systems are used for waste collection. Whereas residual waste is collected in gray containers, separate collection systems are used for a range of waste.
10. PREPROCESSING OF BIOMASS AND ITS MANAGEMENT.pptxRENERGISTICS
Engineering the physical, chemical, and energy properties of lignocellulosic biomass is important to produce high-quality consistent feedstocks with reduced variability for biofuels production. The emphasis of this book will be the beneficial impacts that mechanical, chemical, and thermal preprocessing methods can have on lignocellulosic biomass quality attributes or specifications for solid and liquid biofuels and biopower production technologies. "Preprocessing" refers to treatments that can occur at a distance from conversion and result in an intermediate with added value, with improved conversion performance and efficiency.
Valorization of Agro-Industrial Waste.pptxDCSaxena1
Agricultural and food industries produce the vast amount of wastes annually.
Burning, dumping or unplanned landfilling are major traditional steps to get rid off untreated and underutilized organic wastes.
The above unplanned management majors creating problems like global warming by increasing the amount and number of greenhouse gases.
The impact of unplanned management is not limited to locality now, it is affecting major areas of India.
Waste management or waste disposal are all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.[1] This includes amongst other things collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation. It also encompasses the legal and regulatory framework that relates to waste management encompassing guidance on recycling.
Waste can take any form that is solid, liquid, or gas and each have different methods of disposal and management. Waste management normally deals with all types of waste whether it was created in forms that are industrial, biological, household, and special cases where it may pose a threat to human health.[2] It is produced due to human activity such as when factories extract and process raw materials.[3] Waste management is intended to reduce adverse effects of waste on health, the environment or aesthetics.
Waste management practices are not uniform among countries (developed and developing nations); regions (urban and rural areas), and sectors (residential and industrial).[4]
A large portion of waste management practices deal with municipal solid waste (MSW) which is waste that is created by household, industrial, and commercial activity.[5]
9. WASTE COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT.pptxRENERGISTICS
When it comes to collecting, sorting and transporting waste, a distinction is made between systematic and systemless approaches. The kirbside collection of bundled waste paper is an example of the latter. On the other hand various container systems are used for waste collection. Whereas residual waste is collected in gray containers, separate collection systems are used for a range of waste.
10. PREPROCESSING OF BIOMASS AND ITS MANAGEMENT.pptxRENERGISTICS
Engineering the physical, chemical, and energy properties of lignocellulosic biomass is important to produce high-quality consistent feedstocks with reduced variability for biofuels production. The emphasis of this book will be the beneficial impacts that mechanical, chemical, and thermal preprocessing methods can have on lignocellulosic biomass quality attributes or specifications for solid and liquid biofuels and biopower production technologies. "Preprocessing" refers to treatments that can occur at a distance from conversion and result in an intermediate with added value, with improved conversion performance and efficiency.
Waste management trancing slide is one of the best slide to understand that how to store the waste materials according to their categories and disposal.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
3. Solid Waste
Waste means the thing which is not desirable in our suitable environment.
Solid waste are all the wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and discarded
as unwanted.
Waste Treatment
Household waste/solid waste
Industry
garbage,refuge,
sludge
4. Types of Solid Waste
Solid
waste
Municipal
waste
Industrial
waste
Hazardous
waste
5. • The animal, fruit or vegetable residues that resulting from handling, preparation,
cooking and eattingFood waste
• Combustible and noncombustible solid waste
• Excluding food waste
• Items includes glass, crockery ,metal can, paper, plastic, cardboard etc.
Rubbish
• materials remaining after combustion , results from wood, coal, coke etc.
Ashes and residues
• Waste from razed building and other structures.
• This waste include dirt, stone, concrete, bricks, plaster.
Demolition and constructional
waste
• Waste such as street sweeping ,roadside litter, catch basin, dead animal, unused
vehicles etc.Special waste
• The waste from water ,wastewater, and industrial wastes.Treatment plant waste
Classification of Waste Material
6. Agricultural Waste
Agricultural waste is waste produced as a result of various agricultural operations.
Agricultural
waste
Manure
Harvest
waste
Pesticides
enter into
water, air or
soils
salt and silt
drained from
fields
Fertilizer
run- off
Slaughter
houses
waste from
poultry
houses
7. Agricultural Waste Management
The waste management process means reduce, recycle, and make usable for different purpose.
Proper management of waste from agricultural operation can contribute in significant way to farm operation.
source generation collection transportation
treatment
process
disposal
rice field
straw,
manure
by hand
small
vehicle
composting
use as
fertilizer
8. Treatment Process
Treatment
process
Using 4R
biogas
others
composting
4R includes-
Reuse: Using same plastic bags for holding seeds, fertilizer etc.
Recycle: Burning straw and convert them into ashes.
Reduction: By using compost fertilizer use can be reduce.
Recovery: Machinery parts of farm implements.
Composting :
It is a method in which organic matter present in agricultural waste
is decomposed by aerobically/anaerobically through a biochemical
process and convert into humas.
Biogas plant:
Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural
waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green
waste or food waste in absence of oxygen.
Others: Incineration, landfill, decomposition etc.
9. Obstacles of managing of solid waste
• Lack of public awareness, motivation, education.
• Lack of wide publicity.
• Lack of finances to create awareness.
• Resistance to change.
• Difficulty educating farmers.
• Lack of sufficient knowledge on benefits of clean enviornment of farming.
• Non availability of primary collection vehicles and equipment.
10. Conclution
Waste management is very important factor for environment . As here agricultural waste is
highlighted, agricultural waste management is the main topic .In agriculture, waste is generated from
different sources.
If agricultural waste is not managed properly it will cause-
Environment pollution, bacterial growth will be increased that will hamper seed germination,
Will affect in crop yield, will pollute air, water, soli.
Adequate consideration should be given to monitoring processes. Especially awareness programs
must be conducted in order to improve the knowledge about the importance of waste management
for sound environment.
