Organic farming relies on techniques like crop rotation, green manure, compost, and biological pest control to maintain soil fertility without using harmful chemicals. It defines organic farming and discusses its history, principles, and methods. Key aspects covered include using organic manures and pesticides, maintaining soil health, and rotating crops to replenish nutrients. Both advantages like increasing soil fertility long-term and reducing pollution, and disadvantages like potential lower initial yields are addressed.

2. Sam Higginbottom Institute Of Agriculture,
Technology and Sciences
Topic : Organic Forming
PRESENTED BY,
Manoj.B.S
Junior M.Sc.
Ag.Biochemistry
JSBB, SHIATS.

3. CONTENTS
• Definition of Organic forming
• History
• Principle
• Organic manure
• Organic Pesticide and herbicide
• Advantages and disadvantages
• Reference

4. WHAT IS ORGANIC FARMING?
• It a techniques to achieve good crop yields
without harming the environment.
• Organic farming relies on techniques such as crop
rotation, green manure, compost, biological pest
control, and mechanical cultivation to maintain
soil productivity and control pests on a farm.
• It includes keeping and building a good soil
structure and soil fertility, as well as controlling
pests, diseases and weeds.

5. History of Organic Farming
• Organic Farming was the original type of
agriculture.
• Forest gardening, a fully organic food
production system which dates from prehistoric
times.
• The organic movement began in the mid-1920s
in central Europe.

6.  Protecting the long term fertility of soils by
maintaining organic matter levels
 Nitrogen self-sufficiency through the use of
legumes and biological nitrogen fixation,
 Weed, disease and pest control
CHARACTERISTICS ORGANIC FARMING

7. ORGANIC FARMING PRINCIPLE

8. 1. Principle of health
• Organic Agriculture should sustain and enhance the
health of soil, plant, animal, human and planet as one
and indivisible
2. Principle of ecology
• Organic Agriculture should be based on living
ecological systems and cycles, Nourishment and well-
being are achieved through the ecology of the specific
production environment.

9. 3. Principle of fairness
• It aims to produce a sufficient supply of good quality
food and other products. Natural and environmental
resources that are used for production and consumption
4. Principle of care
• Organic Agriculture should be managed in a
precautionary and responsible manner to protect the
health and well-being of current and future generations
and the environment.

10. 1. Conversion of land from conventional management to organic
management
2. Management of the entire surrounding system to ensure
biodiversity and sustainability of the system
3. Crop production with the use of alternative sources of nutrients
such as crop rotation, residue management, organic manures and
biological inputs.
4. Management of weeds and pests by better management practices,
physical and cultural means and by biological control system
5. Maintenance of live stock in tandem with organic concept and
make them an integral part of the entire system
BASIC STEPS OF ORGANIC FARMING

12. TYPES OF ORGANIC MANURES
1. Farm yard manure (FYM)
2. Green manures
3. Crop residues
4. Compost
5. Home compost
6. Concentrated organic manures

13. 1. FARM YARD MANURE
 Farm yard Manure is prepared basically using cow
dung, cow urine, waste straw and other dairy wastes.
 It is highly useful and some of its properties are,
 FYM is rich in nutrients.When cow dung and urine are
mixed, a balanced nutrition is made available to the
plants.
 Availability of Potassium and Phosphorus from FYM is
similar to that from inorganic sources.
 Application of FYM improves soil fertility.

14. 1. FARM YARD MANURE

15. 2. Green Manures
• Green manure is a type of cover crop grown primarily
to add nutrients and organic matter to the soil.
• Green manures, in the case of legumes, fix nitrogen
and contribute to farm nitrogen needs.
• Green manure crops provide a habitat for pollinators
and other beneficial insects.
• They are grown for the purpose of plowing them, thus
increasing fertility through the incorporation of nutrients
and organic matter into the soil.

16. Green Manure Crops
DHAINCHA
(Sesbania aculeata)
SUNNHEMP
(Crotalaria juncea)
WILD INDIGO
(Tephrosia purpurea)

17. Gliricidia, Pongamia pinnata, Simaruba

18. 3. CROP RESIDUES
•Crop residues are the non-economic plant parts that are
left in the field after harvest.
• The harvest refuses include straws, stubble, Stover and
haulms of different crops.
•Crop remains are also from thrashing sheds or that are
discarded during crop processing.
•This process includes wastes like groundnut shell, oil
cakes, rice husks and cobs of maize.

19. CROP RESIDUES

20. 4. COMPOST
•Composting is the process of producing compost
through aerobic decomposition of biodegradable organic
matter.
•Soil organic matter plays an important role in sustaining
soil fertility, and hence in sustainable agricultural
production.
•In addition to being a source of plant nutrient, it
improves the physico-chemical and biological properties
of the soil.

21. VERMICOMPOST
•Vermicompost is an organic manure
(bio-fertilizer) produced as the vermicast
by earth worm feeding on biological
waste material; plant residues.
•This compost is an odorless, clean,
organic material containing adequate
quantities of N, P, K and several
micronutrients essential for plant growth.
•It is eco-friendly, non-toxic, consumes
low energy input for composting and is a
recycled biological product.

22. 5. HOME COMPOST

23. 6. Concentrated Organic Manures
• Edible oil cakes which can be safely fed to livestock; e.g.:
Groundnut cake, Coconut cake etc.,
• Non edible oil cakes which are not fit for feeding livestock; e.g.:
Castor cake, Neem cake, Mahua cake etc.,
• Both edible and non-edible oil cakes can be used as manures.
• However, edible oil cakes are fed to cattle and non-edible oil
cakes are used as manures especially for horticultural crops.
• Nutrients present in oil cakes, after mineralization, are made
available to crops 7 to 10 days after application.

24. Oilcakes need to be well powdered before application for even
distribution and quicker decomposition.

25. Average Nutrient Content of Oil Cakes
Oil-cakes Nutrient content (%)
N P2O5 K2 O
Non edible oil-cakes
Castor cake 4.3 1.8 1.3
Cotton seed cake (undecorticated) 3.9 1.8 1.6
cake 3.9 0.9 1.2
Mahua cake 2.5 0.8 1.2
Safflower cake (undecorticated) 4.9 1.4 1.2

26. Oil-cakes Nutrient content (%)
N P2O5 K2O
Edible oil-cakes
Coconut cake 3.0 1.9 1.8
Cotton seed cake (decorticated) 6.4 2.9 2.2
Groundnut cake 7.3 1.5 1.3
Linseed cake 4.9 1.4 1.3
cake 4.7 1.8 1.3
Rape seed cake 5.2 1.8 1.2
Safflower cake (decorticated) 7.9 2.2 1.9
Seamus cake 6.2 2.0 1.2

27. USE OF ORGANIC FARMING
• Increase long-term fertility of the soil and also help in
reducing soil erosion
• Control pest and diseases without harming the
environment
• Ensure that water stays clean and safe
• Food produced are nutritious and are of a high quality
which can be sold for a good price
• It is a type of farming in which farmers can save
money without any kind of chemical fertilizations it
helps farmers to reduce the effect of weeds by using
garlic, clove oil etc
• It produces only pure crops without any toxic
materials which are harmful for the human life and
this increases the profit also.

28. PROBLEMS OF ORGANIC FARMING
• Dependency on fertilizers. Greater amount are needed
every year to produce the same yields of crops
• Pests and diseases may turn more difficult to control as
they become resistant to artificial pesticides
• Farming with organic methods gives smaller crops as
compared to artificial farming.
• Organic farming gives low productivity of vegetables
such as potatoes in the same areas where the
conventional farming produces more.