waste management

1. KIANG NANGBAH GOVERNMENT
COLLEGE , JOWAI
PRESENTATION ON WASTE
MANAGEMENT BY KERMI TANG

2. HEALTH IMPACTS OF SOLID WASTE
• EXPOSURE TO HAZARDOUS WASTE CAN EFFECT HUMAN
HEALTH, CHILDRREN BEING MORE VULNERABLE TO THESE
POLLUTANTS.
•IMPROPERLY OPERATED INCINERATION PLANTS CAUSE AIR
POLLUTION AN DIMPROPERLY MANAGED AND DESINGED
LANDFILLS ATTRACT ALL TYPES OF INSECTS AND RODENTS
THAT SPREAD DISEASE.
• DIRECT HANDLING OF SOLID WASTE RESULTS IN CHRONIC
DISEASES WITH THE WASTE WORKERS AND RAGS PICKERS
BEING THE MOST VULNERABLE ..

3. * INTRODUCTION
SOLID WASTE IS THE UNWANTED OR
USELESS SOLID MATERIALS GENERETED
FROM COMBINED RESIDENTIAL , INDUSTRIAL,
AND COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES IN A COMMON
AREA .
* MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW)
SOLID WASTE FROM HOME OR OFFICE
* INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE :
SOLID WASTE PRODUCED FROM MINES,
AGRICULTURE OR INDUSTRY

4. WASTE COLLECTION
• TO MINIMISE THE TIME AND COST INVOLVED
IN COLLECTING THROUGH VEHICLES, PUBLIC
CAN BE GIVEN INSTRUCTIONS TO DUMP
THEIR HOUSE WASTES IN ONE PLACES OR
WASTE CAN BE COLLECTED IN PERSON WITH
THE HELP OF PEOPLE.

5. WASTE MINIMISATION
• PREVENTION OF WASTE BEING CREATED IS KNOWN AS
WASTE REDUCTION WHICH IS AN IMPORTANT METHOD OF
WASTE MANAGEMENT.
•THE MODERN CONCEPTS BASED ON THREE R’s ARE: REDUCE
, REUSE AND RECYCLE .
•METHODS OF AVOIDANCE INCLUDE REUSE OF SECOND
HAND PRODUCTS, DESIGNING PRODUCTS TO BE REFILLABLE
OR REUSEABLE , REPAIRING BROKEN ITEMS INSTEAD OF
BUYING NEW ETC .

6. SEGREGATION
• SEGREGATION OF WASTES INTO DEGRADABLE
AND NON-DEGRADABLE WASTE IS TO BE
DONE TO RECOVER OR DIVERT NON-
DEGREDABLE ( ELECTRIC ITEMS , PLASTICS,
TYRES ETC ) AND DEGRADABLE ITEMS
(WOOD, TEXTTILE ETC ) TO ITS RECYCLING
PLANT AND IF POSSIBLE, IT CAN BE REUSED.

7. PROCESSES CARRIED OUT DURING
SWM
• INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
THROUGH THE FOLLOWING PROCESSES CAN
PROVIDE A BETTER RELIABLE SOLUTION FOR
THE PROBLEM OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
GENERATION.
- BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
- THERMAL TREATMENT
- LANDFILL
- RECYCLING

8. BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
COMPOSTING
• COMPOST IS ORGANIC MATTER THAT HAS
BEEN DECOMPOSED AND RECYCLED
FERTILISER AND SOIL AMENDMENT.
• THE PROCESS OF COMPOSTING SIMPLY
REQUIRES A HEAP OF WETTED ORGANIC
MATTER ( LEAVES, “GREEN” FOOD WASTE )
AND WAITING FOR THE MATERIALS TO
BREAKDOWN INTO HUMUS AFTER A PERIOD
OF WEEKS OR MONTHS.

9. THERMAL TREATMENT
• THIS REFER TO PROCESSES THAT INVOLVE THE
USE OF HEAT TO TREAT WASTE. THESE ARE
THE COMMONLY UTILISED THERMAL
TREATMENT PROCESSES
- INCINERATION
- PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION
- OPEN BURNING

10. INCINERATION
• THIS IS THE COMBUSTION OF WASTES IN
PRESENCE OF OXYGEN. AFTER INCINERATION,
THE WASTE ARE CONVERTED TO CO2, WATER
VAPOUR AND ASH.

11. PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION
• THESE PROCESSES, BOTH DECOMPOSE
ORGANIC WASTE BY EXPOSED IT TO HIGH
TEMPERATURES AND LOW AMOUNTS OF
OXYGEN. GASIFICATION USES A LOW OXYGEN
ENVIRONMENT WHILE PYROLYSIS ALOOWS
NO OXYGEN.

12. OPEN BURNING
• BURNING OF UNWANTED MATERIALS IN A
MANNER THAT CAUSES SMOKE AND OTHERS
EMISSIONS TO BE RELEASED DIRECTLY INTO
THE AIR WITHOUT PASSING THROUGH THE
CHIMNEY OR INCINERATORS.

13. DUMPS AND LANDFILLS
• SANITARY LANDFILLS
- DESINGED TO GREATLY REDUCE OR ELIMINATE THE RISKS
THAT WASTE DISPOSAL MAY POSE TO THE PUBLIC HEALTH
AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY.
- THEY ARE USUALLY PLACED IN ARES WHERE FEATURES ACT
AS NATURAL BUFFERS BETWWEN THE LANDFILL AND THE
ENVIRONMENT.
- THE BOTTOM AND SIDES OF LANDFILLS ARE LINED WITH
LAYERS OF CLAY OR PLASTICS TO KEEP THE LIQUID WASTE,
KNOWN AS LEACHATE, FROM ESCAPE INTO THE SOIL.
- A LANDFILL IS DIVIDED INTO A SERIES OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS
AND ONLY A FEW CELLS OF THE SITEARE FILLED WITH
TRASH AT ANY ONE TIME.

15. CONTROLLED DUMPS
• CONTROLLED DUMPS ARE DISPOSAL SITES
WHICH MOST OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR A
SANITARY LANDFILL BUT USUALLY HAVE ONE
DEFICIENCY. THEY MAY HAVE A PLANNED
CAPACITY BUT NO CELL PLANNING. THESE
DUMPS HAVE A REDUCED RISK OF
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION, THE
INITIAL COSTS ARE LOW AND THE
OPERATIONAL COSTS ARE MODERATE.

16. RECYCLING
• RECYCLING IS A PROCESS TO CHANGE WASTE
MATERIALS INTO NEW PRODUCTS TO PREVENT
WASTE OF POTENTIALLY USEFUL MATERIALS,
REDUCE CONSUMPTION OF FRESH RAW
MATERIALS , REDUCE ENERGY USAGE, REDUCE
AIR POLLUTION (FROM INCINERATION ) AND
WATER POLLUTION (FROM LAND FILLING ) BY
REDUCING THE NEED FOR CONVENTIONAL
WASTE DISPOSAL , AND LOWER GREENHOUSE
GAS EMISSIONS AS COMPARED TO PLASTIC
PRODUCTION.

17. CONCLUSION