The document describes plans for the Nandigama Green Industrial Park in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is a 78-acre industrial park envisioned as a model for sustainable development. A multi-disciplinary team created guidelines to integrate clean technologies, renewable energy, environmental protection, and resource efficiency. The planning process included visioning, data collection, establishing principles, and developing alternative site plans. Limitations included the pre-selected site and tenant mix, which did not fully align with principles of eco-industrial parks.
A research and pilot work on preparing environment-
friendly Development Plans or Site Master Plans for upcoming industrial parks to showcase integration of clean/green/energy efficient and environment-friendly technologies at the planning stage itself is a much
needed effort.
Master Plan for Delhi–with the Perspective for the Year 2021
Here is the official Delhi Master Plan 2021. It is being uploaded by FSGOWS for Public viewing and downloading.
Chennai the fourth largest metropolis in India. Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) extends over 1189 sq.km.and comprises of
Chennai Corporation,
16 Municipalities,
20 Town Panchayats and
214 villages covered in 10 Panchayats Unions
It encompasses the Chennai District (176 sq.km.), part of Thiruvallur District (637 sq.km.) and a part of Kancheepuram District (376 sq.km.).
The motivation of this study is to explore about Transit Oriented Development (TOD), its parameters and principles. This dissertation includes case studies of areas that show the benefits of TOD and how it is making public transportation feasible near stations and thereby reducing traffic jam problems.
A research and pilot work on preparing environment-
friendly Development Plans or Site Master Plans for upcoming industrial parks to showcase integration of clean/green/energy efficient and environment-friendly technologies at the planning stage itself is a much
needed effort.
Master Plan for Delhi–with the Perspective for the Year 2021
Here is the official Delhi Master Plan 2021. It is being uploaded by FSGOWS for Public viewing and downloading.
Chennai the fourth largest metropolis in India. Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) extends over 1189 sq.km.and comprises of
Chennai Corporation,
16 Municipalities,
20 Town Panchayats and
214 villages covered in 10 Panchayats Unions
It encompasses the Chennai District (176 sq.km.), part of Thiruvallur District (637 sq.km.) and a part of Kancheepuram District (376 sq.km.).
The motivation of this study is to explore about Transit Oriented Development (TOD), its parameters and principles. This dissertation includes case studies of areas that show the benefits of TOD and how it is making public transportation feasible near stations and thereby reducing traffic jam problems.
Elements of city planning_Building and Town PlanningA Makwana
All the individual objects that are included in an urban area area the elements of city plan. These objects include residential building, public buildings, parks, factories, roads etc.
Urban morphology approaches human settlements as generally unconscious products that
emerge over long periods, through the accrual of successive generations of building activity.
This leaves traces that serve to structure subsequent building activity and provide
opportunities and constraints for city-building processes, such as land subdivision,
infrastructure development, or building construction. Articulating and analysing the logic of
these traces is the central question of urban morphology. Urban morphology is not generally
object-centered, in that it emphasizes the relationships between components of the city. We
will be discussing in detail about the urban morphology of the Chennai metropolitan.
Every one in the world wants to live in a compact environment. like in olden days the peoples they were used telephone, telegram, etc. for communication. but in the current scenario every one have smart phones for better communication. Because smartphones are compact and convenient to them.This presentation about Compact City planning and also it dealt how various compact cities in the developed and developing countries manage themselves. This presentation just gives an outline of the compact city planning.
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-2007JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the intent, content and scope of National Housing Policy 2007; Housing Finance Institutions, PMAY(U), in the context of housing for all in urban India
Industrial estates are clearly related to urban planning, regional planning and national planning, and as such they form one of many tools for implementing national objectives.
•It aimed at expanding, strengthening and locating small or medium scale industries as part of a broad program of industrialization.
City profile of chennai- history,demograpgy,census and transportation and issues in chennai
Note: animation content download and see slide only in slide show for more brief
I came to know regarding this competition from rediff.com
Salient features of a well-designed inclusive Neighbourhood (Colony) for the urban poor is characterized by a well conceptualized effort at social cohesion:
I. Housing Unit and Layouts of Cluster Housing
II. Neighbourhood Colony Layouts
III. Basic Physical Infrastructure (Water Supply, Sanitation, Drainage, Roads, Street Lighting, Solid
Waste Management, etc.)
IV. Cohesive Social Infrastructure (Community Centre, Informal Sector Market, Livelihood Centre,
etc.)
Elements of city planning_Building and Town PlanningA Makwana
All the individual objects that are included in an urban area area the elements of city plan. These objects include residential building, public buildings, parks, factories, roads etc.
Urban morphology approaches human settlements as generally unconscious products that
emerge over long periods, through the accrual of successive generations of building activity.
This leaves traces that serve to structure subsequent building activity and provide
opportunities and constraints for city-building processes, such as land subdivision,
infrastructure development, or building construction. Articulating and analysing the logic of
these traces is the central question of urban morphology. Urban morphology is not generally
object-centered, in that it emphasizes the relationships between components of the city. We
will be discussing in detail about the urban morphology of the Chennai metropolitan.
Every one in the world wants to live in a compact environment. like in olden days the peoples they were used telephone, telegram, etc. for communication. but in the current scenario every one have smart phones for better communication. Because smartphones are compact and convenient to them.This presentation about Compact City planning and also it dealt how various compact cities in the developed and developing countries manage themselves. This presentation just gives an outline of the compact city planning.
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-2007JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the intent, content and scope of National Housing Policy 2007; Housing Finance Institutions, PMAY(U), in the context of housing for all in urban India
Industrial estates are clearly related to urban planning, regional planning and national planning, and as such they form one of many tools for implementing national objectives.
•It aimed at expanding, strengthening and locating small or medium scale industries as part of a broad program of industrialization.
City profile of chennai- history,demograpgy,census and transportation and issues in chennai
Note: animation content download and see slide only in slide show for more brief
I came to know regarding this competition from rediff.com
Salient features of a well-designed inclusive Neighbourhood (Colony) for the urban poor is characterized by a well conceptualized effort at social cohesion:
I. Housing Unit and Layouts of Cluster Housing
II. Neighbourhood Colony Layouts
III. Basic Physical Infrastructure (Water Supply, Sanitation, Drainage, Roads, Street Lighting, Solid
Waste Management, etc.)
IV. Cohesive Social Infrastructure (Community Centre, Informal Sector Market, Livelihood Centre,
etc.)
The study of industrial systems with the goal of developing and implementing ways to lessen their environmental impact is known as industrial ecology. Manufacturing and energy plants, for example, collect raw materials and natural resources from the earth and convert them into products and services that suit the population's needs.
Created By
Parveen Kumar
erxpertnotes.in
Green manufacturing is the process in which the production process are done with new and unique method which are helpful in establishing environment friendly operations for manufacturing. Green manufacturers research and develop such technologies by which the impact of pollution will be less on environment .It is the manufacturing of products, particularly those used in renewable energy systems and clean technology equipment of all kinds and reducing pollution and waste by minimizing natural resource use, recycling and reusing what was considered waste, and reducing emissions. Sachin Kumar | Naveen Malik "Green Manufacturing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31587.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/enviormental-science/31587/green-manufacturing/sachin-kumar
Sustainable Development: Practices Adopted in Various Industry Sectors in India Pankaj Gaurav
Objectives:
• To do study on the sustainable development practices prevailing in various industry sectors in India and coordination of their strategic programs
• To analyse the role of government, companies and other stakeholders in achieving desirable standards in sustainable development
• To Study the efficacy of Sustainability Index (SI) as an effective tool for measuring sustainable development
Scope:
• Current Scenario
• Global Protocol for sustainable development
• Strategies adopted by various industry sector for Sustainable Development in India
• Strategy for change: Indian Agenda
• Challenges and sectoral barriers for sustainable development
Methodology
Analysis will be done through study of data from secondary sources mentioned below for assessment of sustainability reporting practices.
Data source: Secondary data sources (Companies’ websites for sustainability reports, Articles, Industrial forum like CII conference documents
Arun Kumar Mishra, Chief Engineer UPSIDC shares notes on Sustainable Development. According to Arun Kumar Mishra, "We need to really encourage people to understand the complexities of, and synergies between, the issues threatening planetary sustainability and understand and assess their own values and those of the society in which they live in the context of sustainability."
To learn more, please visit:
https://twitter.com/arunmishra001
http://about.me/arunkumarmishraupsidc
https://www.linkedin.com/in/arunkumarmishraupsidc
http://www.dailymotion.com/arunkumarmishraupsidc
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User%3AArunKumarMishraUpsidc
http://www.upsidc.com/headoffice.htm
India's pursuit of climate targets, including net-zero emissions by 2070, hinges on integrating renewable energy. The power sector's heavy reliance on fossil fuels necessitates a significant shift towards renewables. With a rising demand for electricity, effective demand-side management strategies are vital to ensure grid stability. Time-of-use (ToU) tariffs, recognized globally, play a crucial role in this strategy, offering a more accurate reflection of electricity costs compared to flat rates.
This report focuses on evaluating the impact of various ToU tariff designs on grid management parameters for Tamil Nadu in 2024. The objective is to assess how static ToU tariffs prompt consumers to shift or reduce electricity usage, facilitating greater renewable energy integration. The study considers 27 ToU tariff designs, assuming 17% wind energy and 11% solar energy. Notably, findings are specific to Tamil Nadu's energy demand pattern, peaking in early afternoon hours in April.
Results emphasize the importance of defining peak and off-peak time slots optimally to reduce peak loads and curtailment of renewables. Shifting peak hours from 6:00h-10:00h and 18:00h-22:00h to 5:00h-7:00h and 17:00h-23:00h improves key parameters, including a reduction in peak load instances on the gross and net load. Introducing a tariff rebate during solar energy generation hours (solar sponge) from 10:00h to 16:00h effectively reduces peak load magnitudes and encourages load distribution throughout the day, enhancing grid stability. Adjusting peak hour tariffs and shifting peak hours has a noticeable impact on load distribution and peak load occurrences.
The study indicates that a 25% increase in peak-hour tariffs outperforms a more aggressive 40% increase, which may create new peak load instances. Simulated off-peak rebates of 5% and 10% during late night and early morning hours have negligible effects.
Overall, these findings underscore the potential benefits of implementing ToU tariffs for all consumer categories, including reduced peak loads, load range occurrences, and ramping requirements. Careful consideration of peak hour tariffs and adjustments to peak hours can further optimise load distribution and maximise the efficiency of the power grid. To meet its RPO and its climate change objectives Tamil Nadu will have to accelerate the deployment of renewable energy generation. In order to manage the variable nature of wind and solar energy generation and of demand the grid management will require a higher degree of demand and generation flexibility services.
Auroville Consulting (AVC) published its annual sustainability report for the financial year 2022-23.
This year we intensified this practice along with the digital footprint through network usage and website hosting, understanding the impact of our recently installed HVAC system, and emissions avoided through providing e-bikes to all our team members. We have achieved a net zero emission balance for FY 2022-23. This was made possible through planned interventions and implementation of good practices to reduce gross emissions, followed by investment in long term effective carbon positive projects. Some key highlights:
● 92% of this year’s gross emissions were offset by planting trees and the remaining 8% was offset by excess solar generation, making AVC a carbon net-zero organisation.
● 100% of electricity demand was supplied by renewable energy through rooftop solar.
● 25.58 kWh of electricity was consumed per square meter of office space, which is 75% lower than the benchmark of Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) for an office building in a warm and humid climate (Benchmark: 101 kWh/sq. m/yr).
● From March 2022 onwards, the organisation has been providing electric two-wheelers to all its full-time team members for their daily commute to and from office and for their own personal use, along with a charging facility supplied by an additional installed capacity of rooftop solar. This initiative resulted in :
o An emission reduction of 2,584 kg CO2e for their daily commute to and from office, which is an 88% decrease in comparison to the previous year, and
o An emission reduction of 6,309 kgCO2e, which was achieved by converting the personal commute of our team members to e-vehicles and charging them through renewable energy. This is a value higher than the total gross emissions of the organisation..
● 98% of the operational expenditure was made in local areas, with 91% inside Auroville; and the remaining 2% in Pondicherry and Tamil Nadu – preventing unnecessary emissions and stimulating the local economy.
Rajapalayam is the taluk headquarters of Rajapalayam Taluk, and an important town in the district of Virudhunagar within the State of Tamil Nadu. Rajapalayam LPA, which includes Rajapalayam town, 15 surrounding revenue villages and 2 reserved forests, has a total population of 2.16 lakh, as per the 2011 Census. In 2023, a master plan was formulated for Rajapalayam LPA, the master plan has a planning period till 2041. The master plan was meant to foster sustainable urban development, responsible land-use and resource efficiency and is expected to propel the town on a pathway towards decarbonization and inclusive growth. Rajapalayam is the first town in Tamil Nadu that has aspired to announce a GHG emission reduction target, it aims at achieving net zero emissions by the year 2041.
It is in this context that an emissions inventory for the town has been developed. The purpose of this GHG emissions inventory is to report on the sources and magnitude of GHG emissions. While this inventory provides us a broad understanding of today’s emissions, consecutive reports on a yearly or bi-yearly basis can help improve the quality of the data and understand the progress of the activities undertaken by the LPA to reduce their impact on the surrounding environment.
ELECTRICITY SUBSIDY AND A JUST ENERGY TRANSITION IN TAMIL NADUAurovilleConsulting
To address climate change, to promote adaptation and resilience, to eliminate energy poverty, and to ensure a just energy transition, countries and states will have to mobilise substantial financial resources. A recent study estimated that India will need to invest a 900 billion USD over the next 30 years to ensure a ‘just energy transition’ (Bushan 2023). While developed countries have pledged to provide climate finance to developing countries, these pledges have not been fulfilled, or are very slow to arrive, or are insufficient. Developing countries will need to find additional and alternative resources to accelerate the decarbonization of its economies and to invest into climate adaptation. The United Nations (2022) has outlined a few interventions that can help in accelerating a just energy transition. These include:
to make renewable energy technologies a public good,
to shift energy subsidies from fossil fuels to renewable energy, and
to triple investments into renewables.
In 2009, G20 members committed to phasing out and rationalizing fossil fuel subsidies in the medium term (Reuters 2009). But as of 2022, fossil fuel subsidies have not been phased out, neither have they been reduced; instead, fossil fuel subsidies exceeded USD 1 trillion globally for the first time. This is largely due to governments’ increased subsidies to cushion consumers from rising energy prices (IISD 2023).
Energy subsidies are found in virtually every country. Justifications for their use range from social welfare protection, job creation, encouragement of renewable energy sources, promotion of economic development, to energy security. However, it may be worth examining some of the current energy subsidy schemes asking if and to what extent these subsidy schemes are contributing to a just energy transition and to what extent these subsidies align with the proposed three interventions by the UN.
Read the full report here: https://www.aurovilleconsulting.com/electricity-subsidy-and-a-just-energy-transition-in-tamil-nadu/
LAND SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR STORMWATER MANAGEMENT, MAYILADUTHURAI DISTRIC...AurovilleConsulting
Land is a finite resource with competing and conflicting use. Unplanned and unscientific use of land can exacerbate climate change, and disasters like drought or floods. Judicious use of land resources is key in meeting the state’s social, economic, and environmental development goals. A comprehensive land suitability assessment can guide responsible and sustainable development practices and land-use policies.
Land and water are closely interlinked, as the availability and flow of freshwater depends on the land characteristics, such as its topography and composition, amongst other factors. Therefore, certain areas of lands naturally act as better sinks for capturing stormwater or surface run-off water from precipitation. Freshwater, on the other hand, is a critical resource, and the stress on freshwater resources is expected to increase with growing population, development, and climate change. According to India’s Composite Water Management Index (Niti Aayog, 2018), 600 million people in the country are suffering from an acute shortage of water. Read more in the report: https://www.aurovilleconsulting.com/land-suitability-assessment-for-stormwater-management-mayiladuthurai-district-tamil-nadu/
MAXIMISING THE BENEFITS OF DISTRIBUTED SOLAR ENERGY: AN EVALUATIONAurovilleConsulting
Tamil Nadu is making significant strides towards a sustainable energy future, supported by announcements of adding 20 GW of solar energy capacity and 10 GW of battery energy storage capacity by 2030. The state’s policy and regulatory frameworks, including the Tamil Nadu Solar Policy and the Generic Tariff Order, are driving the adoption of grid-connected distributed solar energy. As the adoption of distributed generation systems increases, the importance of smart grid integration becomes evident. Studies that provide an avoided cost assessment offer an opportunity to network operators to identify the most appropriate distribution network nodes and distributed renewable energy (DRE) capacities
This report focuses on evaluating the network and societal impacts of introducing distributed solar energy in the Karungalpalayam HT Feeder under the Erode substation. This analysis provides valuable insights into the distribution of active power and voltage, allowing operators to optimize network performance. The report utilized the Solva tool. Solva is a web-based tool with the aim to assist grid operators in assessing the network and societal value of distributed energy resources (VODER). Solva assesses both network benefits and societal benefits. Network benefits encompass the avoided costs associated with energy, distribution capacity, transmission capacity, and generation capacity. Simultaneously, societal benefits factor in the avoided costs of CO2 emissions, SO2 emissions, NO2 emissions, and PM2.5 emissions.
For the selected feeder a 4.50 MW solar energy system interconnected at the tail end of the feeder results in a VODER benefit of INR 12.84 per kWh. These benefit is subdivided into network benefitss and societal benefit. The societal benefits achieved from the integration contribute to 8.84 INR/kWh or 69% of the total benefit. Network benefits are found to be at 4.00 INR/kWh or 31%. With the integration of distributed solar energy, the distribution line losses show a reduction, particularly if interconnected at the middle end or tail end of the HT feeder. When the solar energy system is interconnected at the tail end or at the middle end of Karungalpalayam HT Feeder, a deferral of feeder upgradation is found.In particular to Karungalpalayam HT feeder, interconnecting the distributed solar energy system close to the point of consumption offers the highest benefits.
In 2022 a GHG emission baseline for Auroville was established. The inventory highlighted the overall emissions from the community. This report now intends to assess the sequestration capabilities of Auroville land under tree cover for a five-year period from February 2017 to February 2022. The tree cover in Auroville is a prime contributor to the community’s long-term vision of sustainable development. The overall tree cover includes the residential zones, industrial zones, parks, public spaces and the designated green belt area of Auroville developed and maintained by the Forest Group of Auroville.
The cumulative carbon stock for Auroville’s land under tree cover of 920 hectares for the time period from February 2017 to February 2022 was estimated at 34,778 tCO2e. This equals an average carbon stock addition of 6,956 tCO2e per year. The average carbon stock per hectare of forest land in Tamil Nadu was estimated at 87.26 tCO2e/year. The average carbon stock per hectare over five years for the Auroville forest was found to be 99.96 tCO2e/year which is 14.55% above the average.
As per the Auroville Greenhouse Gas Accounting Report, Auroville produced 8,298.54 tCO2e in FY 2018- 2019, this excludes emissions from agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFLOU) and industrial production and product use (IPPU). Auroville’s green cover sequestered 84% of its total emission or 6,956 tCO2e per year. The surplus CO2e emitted for FY 2018-19 therefore is 1,343 tCO2e or 16%. To offset this carbon an additional 19.82 hectare of land would need to be converted from moderately dense forest to very dense forest. This could also be achieved by installing a 1.19 MW solar energy capacity or by transitioning all units to low or zero emission transport solutions.
Consistent studies either on a yearly or bi-yearly basis can help improve accuracy of emissions tracking and sequestration numbers of the community and help set targets. This would lead to additional financing opportunities and access to voluntary mechanisms such as carbon financing to support existing forestry activities.
During the last COP events (COP 26 and COP 27) India stepped up its climate ambitions and announced a goal of reaching net-zero by the year 2070. More specifically its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) includes to achieve about 50 percent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030.
In December 2022 Tamil Nadu launched its own Climate Change Mission. Its goals include the development of strategies to cut emissions by using green and renewable energy. This complements an earlier announcement by the State Government, that it aims to add an additional 20 GW of solar energy by the year 2030.
More recently, in March 2023, the Tamil Nadu Governments announced that it will target that 50% of all energy will be sourced from renewable energy sources. If the state where to meet this target it would firmly establish itself as a climate leader on the national and international stage. Further, Tamil Nadu aspires to be a leading export state and as there is increasing international supply chain pressures for industries to reduce their carbon emissions accelerating the transition towards a renewable energy can help its industries to stay competitive in a decarbonizing world. An accelerated energy transition will also promote Tamil Nadu as an attractive location for industries.
In FY 2021-22 the total energy generated was 1,17,553 million units (MU). Renewable energy, this is solar, wind, bioenergy, and hydro, accounted for a 22% of the total energy generation in FY 2021-22. Coal power with a share of 70% is the single largest energy sources. This total energy generation can be subdivided into two parts, (i) energy procured by TANGEDCO and (ii) energy under Open Access. TANGEDCO accounted for 83% or 97,297 MU of energy in FY 2021-22. Whereas the remaining 17% of 20,266 MU are on account of Open Access.
Interestingly TANGEDO procured only 16% of its energy from renewables. Whereas 52% of all energy under Open Access is RE. 51% of all energy procured by TANGEDCO came from either TANGEDCO owned or Centra owned coal power plants. The actual share of coal power may be higher as there is 24% of energy that was sourced under the category ‘Short term and others’ and this may primarily be coal power.
To meet the 2030 RE target an additional 60,637 MU of RE will need to be generated in 2030. This represents approximately an addition of 28 GW of wind energy capacity or a 32 GW of solar energy capacity and means that in the next six years starting with FY 2023-24 approximately 4.80– 5.50 GW of renewable energy capacity needs to go on-grid. The average annual RE capacity addition in Tamil Nadu from 2018 to 2023 was 1.21 GW.
Meeting the 50% RE target will require a concerted effort by all major power sector institutions and players including the distribution licensee, the Electricity Regulatory Commission, the Energy Department, Independent Power producers and the consumers/prosumers.
In the face of the global climate crisis there is an increasing commitment to decarbonise the global economy. This is highlighted by a shift towards renewable energy sources, the energy transition. Energy transition is the process of reducing reliance on fossil fuel across the economy and moving toward greater use of cleaner energy sources such as renewables.
Globally, countries, including those in the European Union, are introducing legislative measures to accelerate the decarbonisation of its economies. In January 2021, the European Union (EU) introduced a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). CBAM is part of the EU’s efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve climate neutrality by 2050. It will put restrictions at the borders on goods produced with carbon and Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG)
While the carbon price will be levied from 2026 onwards, the reporting of emissions on imported goods has stated in January 2023. CBAM is initially focusing on some key sectors only, but is expected to expand over time. Sectors for which CBAM applies include:
Iron and steel, Cement, Chemicals, Aluminium, Paper, Glass, Fertilizers, Pulp and paper, Textiles,Ceramics,Basic metals
Other countries or regions that consider introducing similar mechanisms include: Canada, United Kingdom, United States, Japan and South Korea.
The EU is a key export market for India, it is India’s third largest trading partner. India’s exports to the EU were worth EUR 46.20 billion in 2021. Compliance of Indian companies with the EU CBAM will require monitoring, calculating and disclosure of the GHG emissions embedded in the products covered under CBAM.
Tamil Nadu has the second largest state economy in India. The Tamil Nadu Government has set a goal of becoming a USD 1 trillion economy by 2030. The state has a diversified manufacturing sector and features among the leaders in several industries like automobiles and auto components, engineering, pharmaceuticals, garments, textiles, leather, chemicals, plastics, etc.
The role of Micro, Small and Medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the economic and social development of the country is well established. Tamil Nadu has the third-largest number of MSMEs in the country with a share of 8% or about five million enterprises (MSME Department 2022). MSMEs form an important and growing segment of the state’s industrial sector, contributing 12.09% to the GSDP. However, the growth of the state’s MSME sector has been severely impacted by Covid and has been stagnant.
As Tamil Nadu aspires to be a leading export state in India at a time when more countries are proposing Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) decarbonisation will become an imperative for export-oriented industries to stay completive. For the exported goods from Tamil Nadu to be compliant with regulations it is important to decarbonise the production. The decarbonization will also be paramount for the MSME sector.
LAND SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR DISTRIBUTED SOLAR ENERGY, VILLUPURAM DISTRICTAurovilleConsulting
Land is a finite resource with competing and conflicting use. Unplanned and unscientific use of land can exacerbate climate change, and disasters like drought or floods. Judicious use of land resources is key in meeting the state’s social, economic, and environmental development goals. A comprehensive land suitability assessment can guide responsible and sustainable development practices and land-use policies.
As per its intended Nationally Determined Contribution under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, India is targeting 50% of its cumulative power generation capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030. Tamil Nadu has announced that it aims at adding an additional 20 GW of solar energy capacity by the year 2030. This capacity addition is envisioned to be primarily achieved by distributed solar energy generation.
One of the key challenges in developing solar energy project is the identification of suitable lands and land acquisition. The complex land acquisition process can lead to project delays or even cancelation of proposed projects. Unused or fallow lands can be of particular interest for solar energy development. This method avoids the uptake of land under productive agricultural use. Local authorities can proactively facilitate solar energy development in the district by identifying unused lands and by undertaking a solar suitability assessment of these lands. This geospatial information if provided to solar developers and electricity distribution companies has the potential to spur local economic development and to create green jobs.
The objective of this report is to identify unused lands in Villupuram district and to evaluate to what extent these unused lands can be utilized to meet the state’s solar energy capacity addition target of 20 GW by the year 2030. Deploying 20 GW of ground mounted solar energy will require approximately 80,000 acres of land, this represents 0.25% of Tamil Nadu’s total geographical area (TGA).
Villupuram, district has a total geographical area of 3,907 km2 of which 1,092 km2 or 28% has been classified as unused or fallow lands. The district’s solar energy target has been set as a proportional share of the state’s solar energy capacity addition target of 20 GW by 2030. The district’s target is to add 0.62 GW of solar energy by 2030. This requires a land area of 2,465 acres. The land suitability analysis revealed that 92,149 acres of unused land have a technical potential for ground mounted solar energy development. These lands are distributed over 3,084 plots. The suitable lands identified can accommodate up to 23.04 GW of solar capacity, this would help achieving a whooping 3,738% of (or 37 times) the district’s solar capacity addition target.
THE SOLAR ENERGY-LAND NEXUS SUSTAINABLE LAND USE STRATEGY FOR SOLAR ENERGY IN...AurovilleConsulting
Energy generation can have intensive or extensive land use requirements, causing habitat and biodiversity loss in sensitive and diverse ecosystems globally or competing with other land use such as agriculture.
As a direct consequence of the Paris Climate Agreement, which requires global decarbonization, renewable energy sources will continue to expand, in particular solar and wind. The increasing land use for renewable energy generation systems and related infrastructure will become more relevant in the future. The extent to which the overall land use balance will be more favourable than for non-renewable sources depends on the mix of renewables, their siting and centralized or decentralized mode of deployment (UNEP, 2016). Innovative deployment of renewables can reduce land use pressures, as well as avoid landscape disturbances caused by fossil fuels and nuclear energy (Lovins, 2011).
While the use of fossil fuels is limited by the size of the resource (including future cost and the carbon dioxide (CO2 ) budget), renewable energy and in particular solar energy, is mostly restricted by land use allocation and by the availability or solar irradiation or adequate windspeeds.
Land or sea occupancy is one of the most visible impacts for any energy development. The relatively large land requirement for solar energy highlights the importance of good mitigation practices to help facilitate the transition into a renewable energy future. Fortunately, the abundance of solar energy means that, unlike other energy sources, there is often flexibility in project siting, allowing the integration of solar energy systems with buildings and infrastructure assets or the co-location of solar energy systems with agricultural practices or the use of wastelands.
Tamil Nadu has set a target of adding a 20 GW of solar energy by 2030. If this target is to be primarily met by ground-mounted solar plants a 405 km2 land area will be required. Considering the projected annual electrical energy demand of 4,89,395 MU by 2050 (Auroville Consulting 2022) the need to decarbonize the state’s power sector and the fact that solar is among the most cost -efficient energy sources today, the potential land-impact of solar is substantial. Meeting 50% of the projected electricity demand for 2050 would require 133 GW of solar capacity, and 2,691 km2 of land resources, which equals the total geographical area of Chengalpattu District or 2.07% of the state’s geographical area.
There are competing and often conflicting demands for land for economic, ecological, and social needs in the development sector. It will be critical to limit the conversion of agricultural lands for solar energy development.
https://www.aurovilleconsulting.com/
LAND SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR FORESTATION, MAYILADUTHURAI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADUAurovilleConsulting
Land is a finite resource with competing and conflicting use. Unplanned and unscientific use of land can exacerbate climate change, and disasters like drought or floods. Judicious use of land resources is key in meeting the state’s social, economic and environmental development goals. A comprehensive land suitability assessment can guide responsible and sustainable development practices and land-use policies.
As per its intended Nationally Determined Contribution under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, India is targeting the creation of an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 4 billion tonnes of CO2 by 2030 – through additional forest and tree cover of 25-30 million hectares. In this context, the State Government of Tamil Nadu has set a target to increase its percentage of tree cover from 23% to 33% by the year 2030.
A forestation land suitability assessment for the Mayiladuthurai district in Tamil Nadu, India was carried out using a geospatial digital tool LiLa (LifeLands). LiLa uses satellite imagery, AI & GIS mapping to create critical data-based insights and visualization that supports decision-making by providing detailed information. This includes geo-spatial and socio-economic data-layers to address the core aspects of sustainable land-use management. It identifies and evaluates unused lands for its potential in terms of solar energy, forestation and water management.
The objective of this report is to identify unused lands in Mayiladuthurai district and evaluate its potential for forestation initiatives that can contribute meeting the state’s tree-cover target of 33% by the year 2030.
Identified unused lands were evaluated based on multiple-criteria methodology including parameters pertaining to terrain suitability, existing road, rail and electrical transmission and distribution infrastructure, elevation, water potential and potential to create forest corridors. The lands are also further assessed based on their potential for competing climate action, such as areas that are suitable for water harvesting and solar energy generation.
The land use mapping indicates that 8% of the district’s geographical area is under tree cover. Agriculture land use is by far the most dominating land use category accounting for 63%. Identified unused lands account for an area of 118 km2 or 10% of the total geographical area. Out of the total identified unused lands 56% or 16,237 acres have been found to be suitable for forestation. If all the unused lands suitable for forestation were put under tree cover Mayiladuthurai district would increase its share of lands under tree cover from 8% to 13.5% creating a carbon stock of 0.55 million tonnes of carbon.
PATHWAYS TO DECARBONISATION – MODELLING TAMIL NADU’S POWER SECTOR DECARBONISA...AurovilleConsulting
Tamil Nadu’s electricity demand is expected to increase year on year, and so are the sector’s absolute carbon dioxide emissions. Considering India’s commitments under the United Nations Framework Climate Change Convention, and the recent announcement of targeting net zero carbon by 2070, Tamil Nadu will require a long-term strategy to reduce its emissions. This may start with establishing sector-specific emission inventories, followed by sector-specific emission target setting.
The power sector is deemed to be one of the sectors easiest to decarbonise. One of the first steps for putting in place a decarbonisation strategy is target setting. This report assumes a net-zero carbon target for the Tamil Nadu power sector by 2050. It applies the Sectoral Decarbonisation Approach (SDA) of the Science Based Target (SBT) model to simulate decarbonisation pathways that are in line with the goals of the Paris agreement – limiting global warming well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels (ETP B2DS) and pursuing efforts to limit warming to 1.5°C (SBT 1.5°C) respectively.
In this paper, we undertake the following steps:
1) Projecting the electricity generation for the upcoming years along with the corresponding emissions.
2) Setting targets for the emissions based on the Science Based Targets (SBT).
3) Comparing various scenario planning models for decarbonising the electricity sector of Tamil Nadu.
LAND SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR DISTRIBUTED SOLAR ENERGY MAYILADUTHURAI DISTR...AurovilleConsulting
A land assessment for the Mayiladuthurai district in Tamil Nadu, India was carried out using a geospatial digital tool LiLa (LifeLands) developed in-house. LiLa uses satellite imagery, AI & GIS Mapping to create critical data-based insights and visualization that supports decision-making by providing detailed information. This includes geo-spatial and socio-economic data-layers to address the core aspects of sustainable land-use management. It identifies and evaluates unused lands for its potential in terms of solar energy, reforestation and water management.
The objective of this report is to identify unused lands for this district and evaluate to what extent these unused lands can be utilized to meet the state’s solar energy target of 20 GW by the year 2030. The lands were evaluated based on multiple levels of criteria that accounted for plot size, and their distance from evacuation infrastructure, roads, railways and waterbodies. The lands are also further assessed based on their potential for climate action, such as areas that are suitable for forestation and water harvesting.
The assessment indicated that a target of 0.29 GW of solar installation is achievable with lands that meet the technical criteria. Lands ranked medium can achieve a cumulative capacity of 0.46 GW with a total area of 1,860 acres. Lands ranked high with a total area 698 acres can achieve a capacity of 0.17 GW.
The prevalence of offshore wind is growing globally. According to the Global Wind Energy Council, the total installed capacity worldwide climbed to 57.2 GW at the end of 2021. Offshore wind technology has key advantages such as eliminating the need for large areas of land and harnessing energy from better wind conditions than onshore. Currently, India does not have any installed capacity. However, there has been a recent build-up in momentum. Tamil Nadu has been identified as one of the highest potential states for harnessing offshore wind energy in India. But the State faces technical, social, and financial barriers for phasing-in this new technology. In this regard, the Tamil Nadu Government can play a key role in unlocking this significant source of energy by (i) providing the overall infrastructure required, (ii) engaging with local stakeholders, and (iii) facilitating the clearance process for offshore wind projects, among others.
BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO DIESEL GENERATORS – A COM...AurovilleConsulting
Power demand across the country is growing, and meeting peak demand is becoming more challenging. In Tamil Nadu, frequent power outages are observed, especially during summer months. To reduce economic impacts of unreliable power supply, commercial and industrial (C&I) entities, undertake investments in power backup systems. The most commonly used systems are diesel generator sets (DG sets) and battery energy storage systems (BESS), also known as an uninterrupted power supply (UPS).
DG sets have been a convenient power backup option due to an established market, their reliability, affordability, and modularity. But they have a high environmental footprint, cause noise pollution and negatively impact human health. On the other hand, BESSs could operate on zero emissions, if charged from renewable energy sources, and with minimal noise pollution. And with no exhaust emissions, they are particularly helpful in urban areas.
The cost of batteries, especially those of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery packs, have been observing a dramatic drop – of 89% over the years 2010-2020. And, apart from performing their primary function as a power backup, BESSs can also provide grid services such as load shifting, load following, peak load management, voltage, and frequency support and facilitate higher levels of renewable energy integration. Thus, BESSs contest DG sets economically and technically as an alternative type of back-up system.
This report compares the economic and environmental performance of a Li-ion-based BESS with a conventional DG set, as power backup solutions. The analysis indicated that the levelized cost of battery storage (LCOS) is dictated by the battery pack costs in the market, while the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of the DG is sensitive to diesel prices. The cost analysis was carried over a range of hours of back-up required, and the results favour the Li-ion BESS as a back-up option, in terms of economic and environmental performance, especially when charged at solar tariff solar tariff.
We hope that this report will assist C&I entities in Tamil Nadu to make the most economic and environmentally sound investment in their power backup systems.
BRIEFING NOTE: ELECTRIFICATION OF TOP-PERFORMING INDUSTRIES IN TAMIL NADUAurovilleConsulting
Tamil Nadu is one of the most industrialised states in India and accounted for 9.47% of India’s GDP in FY 2020-21. Tamil Nadu aspires to be a leading export state in India at a time when more countries are proposing Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). CBAM includes the introduction of a carbon price on certain products imported into the European Union (EU). This will put restrictions at the borders of the EU on goods produced with carbon and Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). As per an assessment of the World Bank, many countries are considering setting a carbon price in the years to come. Tamil Nadu could be exporting its finished goods to a few of those countries in the future. For the exported goods from Tamil Nadu to be regulation-proof, it is important to decarbonise the production. The first step towards decarbonisation is the electrification of the processes in the industries. This briefing note explores the potential for the electrification of some of the processes in the top-performing (in terms of contribution to the State’s GDP) industrial sectors of Tamil Nadu.
The second phase of the Auroville Smart Mini Grid is also complete. Driven and conceived by Auroville Consulting it compromises 108 kW of distributed rooftop solar energy systems. The solar PV systems reduces Auroville’s electricity consumption from the TANGEDCO grid by an average of 1,57,680 kWh per year and reduces it’s dependency on TANGEDCO. This is another step forward towards self reliance and sustainability. The project includes an energy storage system with a capacity of 10 kWh, 20 smart energy meters with a remote reading facility and additions to the Auroville internal electricity distribution system. Further we were able to upgrade our internal HT and LT distribution infrastructure and started piloting an active demand response program for domestic air conditioners and for municipal water pumps. The project was lead by Auroville Consulting. Other Auroville units include Auroville Electrical Service, Sunlit Future & Aurinoco.
Inspired by the method of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reporting, this report attempts to consolidate data on the performance of Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Company (TANGEDCO). The aim of this work is to initiate and develop holistic benchmarks. These key performance indicators would help TANGEDCO to track its own performance. Apart from the KPIs, this report also highlights the importance of sharing data in a public domain for the civil society to access.
LEVELISED COST OF BTM STORAGE IN INDIA 2021 – A STATUS REPORTAurovilleConsulting
This status report aims to present a snapshot of the current cost of energy storage in India for behind-the-meter (BtM) applications, and project them over the next 10 years to analyse when energy storage will start seeing significant adoption. Based on a detailed cost model for solar PV and energy storage with 50+ parameters & data on battery energy storage systems (BESS) gathered from several vendors in India, we evaluate the levelized cost of solar plus energy storage and standalone energy storage.
Even though as of today, BtM energy storage is not feasible in a lot of cases, we find that this will change fast this decade. By 2025, it will be possible for non-residential consumers to integrate large amounts of battery storage to generate and consume their own energy, enabling a distributed energy future. Along with it, the utilities face an inevitable transition from their traditional roles to distribution system operators.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
6. Page 6 / 229
GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
The Government of India has announced a
National Manufacturing Policy (Nov 2011)
with the objective of enhancing the share of
manufacturing in GDP to 25% within a decade
and creating 100 million jobs. The policy sup-ports
clean/green/energy efficient and envi-ronment-
friendly technologies, and resource
efficient measures. The policy promotes inte-grated
industrial townships, known as the Na-tional
Investment and Manufacturing Zones
(NIMZs) with atleast 5,000 Ha area, and calls
for preparation of environment friendly Devel-opment
Plans. Major environmental aspects
are required to be taken care of in the NIMZ in
the beginning itself by having proper zoning
during Master Planning.
Preparation of environment-friendly Devel-opment
Plans or Site Master Plans for the
manufacturing zones or the industrial parks
requires integration of clean/green/energy
efficient and environment-friendly technolo-gies.
This requires further clarification on
what are these clean/green/energy efficient
and environment-friendly technologies and
what are the guidelines and standards that
are to be considered while preparing the De-velopment
Plans or Site Master Plans. The
Policy itself has no clarifications on this as-pect.
It has broadly said that water conserva-tion
measures a must, viz. water audits, waste
water treatment, rainwater harvesting, and
renewable energy usage and green buildings
are a must. Also, it says that Inter ministeri-al
“Green Manufacturing Committee” will be
formed which will fix criteria for “Clean and
Green Technologies”.
The draft National Water Policy (2012), brought
out by the Ministry of Water Resources of the
Government of India, talks of industries having
obligation to recycle/ reuse water in all water-short-
regions and that the industries will be
allowed to withdraw only the make up water.
Also, the sources of water and water bodies
will not be allowed to get polluted. Also, the
ground waters will have to be protected.
The National Action Plan on Climate Change
has the following relevant missions for plan-ning
of new industrial parks or manufactur-ing
zones: National Solar Mission, National
Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency and
National Water Mission. The national minimal
environmental standards for industry sectors
and the ambient air/water/noise standards
as set under the Environment (Protection) Act,
1986 are to be complied with.
The Green SEZ Rating System for Industrial Es-tates
brought out by the Indian Green Build-ing
Council (IGBC) has considered a few of the
7. Page 7 / 229
GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
criteria, viz. site preservation and restoration,
reduced use of fossil fuels, energy efficiency,
water efficiency, handling of solid waste, ma-terials
& resources and innovation & design
process. The Indian Green Building Coun-cil
(IGBC) has also rating for “Green Factory
Buildings” and “Green Buildings”.
The “Comprehensive Environmental Pollution
Indexing” (CEPI) for Industrial Estates brought
out by the Central Pollution Control Board was
used to identify critically polluted industrial
estates based on “pollutants” (Toxins. Prob-able
carcinogens, known carcinogens), “path-way”
(ambient pollutant concentration – criti-cal,
high, moderate, low) and “receptor” (no.
of people effected, level of exposure, addi-tional
risks due to ecologically/socially sensi-tive
area).
The ASEM Programme of GIZ (formerly GTZ)
has made several pilot attempts for planning
and developing eco industrial parks in India
(ref. publication on “Pathway to Eco Indus-trial
Development in India”, GIZ, Oct 2012).
The document has references to concepts
and cases on site suitability assessment, en-vironmental
impact assessment, Site Master
Planning, transformation of existing industrial
parks, waste management, common effluent
treatment plants, disaster risk management,
climate change mitigation & adaptation etc.
A well planned and designed Industrial Park is
expected to result in:
• A Site Master Plan that integrates sustain-ability
aspects (e.g., social, economic and
environmental considerations).
• Innovative and viable technical solutions
in areas of waste water, storm water,
wastes, ecological landscapes, energy ef-ficiency/
renewable energy, green build-ings
etc. for upcoming industrial parks.
• Address issues of environment protection
(e.g., decreased emissions, wastewater
and waste; reduction of potential negative
environmental impacts), climate change
(adaptation & mitigation), resource effi-ciency
(e.g., reduced usage of natural re-sources,
viz. water, materials, energy), and
renewable energy & energy efficiency.
• Integrate cost effective common infra-structure
and services in the Industrial
Park, including the special requirements
of different groups, such as gender, differ-ently-
abled, etc.
• Use management structures for collective
resource and service management within
the industrial park.
A research and pilot work on preparing envi-ronment-
friendly Development Plans or Site
8. Page 8 / 229
GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
Master Plans for upcoming industrial parks
to showcase integration of clean/green/en-ergy
efficient and environment-friendly tech-nologies
at the planning stage itself is a much
needed effort.
A team of national and international experts
with several years of standing experience in
applied research and collaboration services
were brought together for this task. Auroville,
which has won international acclaim for its
efforts in environmental sustainability, has
tried and tested several concepts that could
very well be integrated into planning of new
industrial parks and manufacturing zones.
These include wastewater treatment, green
buildings, building materials, renewable en-ergy
systems, efficient rain water harvesting,
landscaping/ afforestation, waste manage-ment
etc. Five Units from Auroville have been
invovled in this research: Auroville Consulting,
Center for Scientific Research, EcoPro, Auro-ville
Design Consultants, Auroservice and
Botanical Garden.
9. Page 9 / 229
GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
2
DOCUMENTING ALEAP
10. 2
Page 10 / 229
GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
DOCUMENTING
ALEAP
In a Green Industrial Park (GIP) businesses
cooperate with each other and with the local
community in an attempt to reduce waste and
pollution, share resources (such as informa-tion,
materials, water, energy, infrastructure,
and natural resources) efficiently, and help
achieve sustainable development, with the
aim of increasing economic gains and improv-ing
environmental quality.
A GIP may also be planned, designed, and
built in such a way that it makes it easier for
businesses to co-operate, and that results
in a more financially sound, environmentally
friendly project for the developer. In such a
case, the goal is to improve the economic per-formance
of participating companies while
minimizing their environmental impact. The
combined environmental, economic and so-cial
benefit will be more than the benefits of
any individual company.
Andhra Pradesh is one of the leading industri-alized
States in India, with the Andhra Pradesh
Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Ltd. (API-IC)
alone owning more than 300 industrial
parks. When these industrial developments
were originally planned, resource protection
and energy conservation were not at the fore-front
of design decisions and planning priori-ties.
The potential for using renewable energy
resources was untapped and energy manage-ment
concepts were still being experimented.
Taking into consideration the recent focus on
global warming, climate change and empha-sis
on creating socially responsible sustain-ability
principles, the Government of Andhra
Pradesh and its implementing organization –
the Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure
Corporation (APIIC) – are promoting the con-cept
of introducing green industrial parks as
the way forward. APIIC has also been working
in close collaboration with the Association of
Lady Entrepreneurs of Andhra Pradesh (ALE-AP)
to promote upliftment of women and em-powerment
through establishing Small and
Medium Enterprises. ALEAP developed the
first Women Entrepreneur’s Industrial Estate
in India at Gajularamaram, near Hyderabad in
Ranga Reddy District of Andhra Pradesh. Fol-
AUROSERVICE
11. Page 11 / 229
GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
lowing that, the organization was involved in
establishing another multi-product industrial
cluster for women entrepreneurs with a focus
in Food Processing at Nunna near Vijayawada
(Andhra Pradesh).
ALEAP’s most recent venture envisions creat-ing
a multi-product “Green Industrial Park” in
Nandigama village near Hyderabad. The en-visioned
Nandigama Green Industrial Park,
which covers 78 acres of land, is envisioned
to be a model sustainable industrial park that
provides a conducive environment for wom-en
entrepreneurs and employs state-of-the
technologies, including clean technologies,
renewable energy technologies, environmen-tal
technologies and cost-effective common
infrastructure.
Under the Indo German Environment Partner-ship
(IGEP) Programme of the Indo German
Bilateral Development Cooperation, Deutsche
Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenar-beit
(GIZ), is providing technical support to
ALEAP on the Nandigama Green Industrial
Park project. Auroville Collaborative was re-tained
by Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Interna-tionale
Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) to provide tech-nical
assistance for the Nandigama site as a
pilot research project. The overall goal of the
project is to undertake research and pilot work
on preparing environment-friendly strategic
master plans for upcoming industrial parks to
showcase integration of clean/green/energy
efficient and environment-friendly technolo-gies
at the planning stage itself.
The Nandigama GIP will be planned, designed,
and operated to fulfil the following goals:
• Create a functional Green Industrial Park
for women entrepreneurs at Nandigama
(A.P.) for 190 enterprises over 78 acres.
• Promote environmental restoration and
rehabilitation of the Park and surrounding
region
• Disseminate the experience gained
through designing, developing and oper-ating
the Nandigama Eco Industrial Estate
by conducting workshops and seminars.
• Aid in the replication of similar Industrial
Estates in India.
Project Team: Integrated Systems Planning
Approach
Conceived as an integrated systems-based
planning project, the Nandigama Green In-dustrial
Park project involved assembling a
multi-disciplinary team that provided ALEAP
with a comprehensive set of creative solu-tions
from the inception of the project. The
following table illustrates the different roles.
12. Page 12 / 229
GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
ALEAP: Project holder for the 78-acre Nan-digama
site
Murthy & Manyam: Architects and Engineers
on-record for the project
GIZ: Technical Advisors to ALEAP on incorpo-rating
sustainability concepts into the plan-ning
process
Auroville Collaborative: Technical consultant
to GIZ
Auroville Collaborative’s role as part of this as-signment
included proposing guidelines and
parameters that assisted GIZ in promoting
eco-industries as a model for development in
other Indian cities with the goal of achieving
the following objectives:
• Recommending new policies or regula-tions
to support implementation e.g., de-sign
guidelines, site planning parameters,
operations and management principles;
• Prototyping a state-of-the-art industrial
Site Master Plan as a best practice;
• Demonstrating innovative and viable tech-nical
solutions for future feasibility studies;
• Addressing issues of environment protec-tion,
climate change, resource conserva-tion
and efficiency & renewable energy;
• Integrating cost effective common infra-structure
and services; and
• Serving as a catalyst to develop the base-line
guidelines for formulating a Green
Rating system for industrial parks in the
future.
In order to fulfil these objectives, Terms of
Reference were prepared for each of area of
study listed below, and accordingly a team of
experts were brought together to work collab-oratively
with GIZ on this project. The experts
represented the following disciplines:
• Industrial planning and site master plan-ning
• Energy master planning and system de-sign
for solar PV (e.g., energy efficient
buildings, solar street lamps, centralised
solar power plant, solar applications in in-dividual
building, solar heating systems,
solar pumps etc.)
• Water and waste water management, in-cluding
recycle and reuse
• Rainwater harvesting and storm water
control
• Ecological landscaping and organic farms
• Waste management, including conversion
to useful products
• Green buildings and building materials
13. Page 13 / 229
GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
Planning Process
From the inception of the project, a consulta-tive
process with all the stakeholders includ-ing
ALEAP, future tenants of the industrial
park, GIZ and Murthy & Manyam was adopted
by the Auroville Collaborative team. The Nan-digama
ALEAP master planning project was
conducted in three main phases as described
below:
Phase I: Visioning and Site Reconnaissance
The initial phase entailed undertaking vision-ing
sessions, site inventory, locational analy-sis,
site suitability assessment, and under-standing
the potential physical, social and
environmental impacts of the project. The
phase also included undertaking a through
data collection exercise from various agen-cies
and understanding the gaps and consis-tencies
in available data with respect to prin-ciples
of integrated systems based planning.
Phase II: Formulating Guiding Framework
Based on preliminary data analysis, site ob-servations
and interaction with stakeholders,
this phase focussed on establishing project
boundaries and formulating broad guiding
principles for the various functional aspects
influencing the site.
Phase III: Planning and Design Strategies
The final phase of the ALEAP Nandigama
Green Industrial Park ventured into develop-ing
site planning alternatives taking into con-sideration
the competing goals of achieving
economic viability through maximization of
saleable plots and ensuring application of
sustainable guidelines formulated in the ear-lier
phase.
Limitations
While the project scope was conceived with
ambitious goals focussed on testing the ap-plication
of principles governing the develop-ment
of Eco-Industrial Parks in India, during
the course of the project it was realized that
several decisions had already been taken by
the project holders that was more suited for
adopting principles of green industries rather
than strictly adhering to the concept of Eco-
Industrial Parks (EIPs). EIPs are typically cen-tred
on industrial ecology principles and by-product
exchanges that were not aligned with
ALEAP’s envisioned tenant mix. Other limita-tions
related to the project included:
• Site Selection: The Nandigama site was
selected prior to the inception of the mas-ter
planning process resulting in conflicts
with efforts to integrate sustainable prin-ciples
with the overall vision of the Green
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
Industrial Park and its relationship to its
larger context.
• Data Availability: A systems based plan-ning
approach is typically data-centric in
its application. Lack of accurate data and
timing of availability for required data was
a serious limitation during the various
stages of the project.
• Tenant Mix: This was predetermined for
the first phase of site development. While
a high-level analysis of the industries
and its impacts in terms of transporta-tion
needs, waste generated and water
usage requirements was performed, the
processes for these industries to interact
with each other in terms of by-product ex-change
or the type of pollutants that might
be produced could not be undertaken.
• Land Assemblage and Site Boundaries:
Often in real estate developments, land
acquisition and assemblage of land poses
a problem in the development cycle. On
the Nandigama site, there were similar
issues with acquisition as the site bound-ary
constantly changing due to delays in
planned land purchases over the course of
the project.
Phase I: Visioning and Site Reconnaissance
The following section discusses the activities
conducted as part of Phase I for the Nandiga-ma
project. During this phase, interactions
with involved stakeholders including the po-tential
tenants, ALEAP management, GIZ, Mur-thy
& Manyam, and experts associated with
the project were undertaken. The purpose was
to compile all data available and conduct user
surveys prior to establishing guiding princi-ples
for the various functional components.
Refining the Vision
The first step in the master planning process
for the Nandigama site was to validate and
further refine the vision established for the
proposed Park, and for each individual func-tional
area. This was accomplished by review-ing
the Vision of the Park as set by ALEAP, and
by framing a more refined statement that in-corporated
the essence of the women entre-preneurship
and sustainable development
goals into one succinct statement.
The Original Vision statement for the Park (as
given by ALEAP & GIZ) was “The Green Indus-trial
Park, Nandigama is envisioned to be a
model Green Industrial Park that provides a
conducive environment for women entrepre-neurs
and employs state-of-the art technolo-gies,
including clean technologies, renewable
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
energy technologies, environmental technolo-gies
and cost-effective common infrastructure.”
This was refined as “Empowering women by
creating safe, supportive and replicable entre-preneurial
environments that foster integral
sustainability, collective prosperity, innova-tion
and adaptability to local cultures.”
Goal Setting for Functional Areas
Based on the refined vision statement, the
project team identified overarching goals for
each of the nine “functional” areas or plan-ning
components. These included:
Master Planning
a. Goal: Urban planning aimed at conserva-tion
of resources through passive design
strategies.
b. Strategy:
• Planning informed by geophysical condi-tions
in and around the site
• Contextual integrity; cultural, social, net-works
and infrastructure
• Integrative systems; human and environ-mental
• Flexible and adaptive solutions
• Energy
a. Goal: Achieve a sustainable Energy Neutral
or Energy Positive Industrial Park.
b. Strategy:
• Apply principles of the Energy Pyramid
(need vs. greed, energy conservation, en-ergy
efficiency, energy sourcing)
• Distributed generation from renewable en-ergy
sources
• Energy security
Built Environment
a. Goal: Low impact design with multi func-tionality
of space and efficiency of micro site
planning
b. Strategy:
• Climatically efficient design
• Low embodied energy materials
• Local building material and technology,
being informed by vernacular principles
• Maximizing human resources in imple-mentation
Social Services
a. Goal: Gender sensitive social support sys-tem
including security, health, education and
family welfare
b. Strategy:
• Provision of onsite facilities for education
and health including adult education
• Door-to-door transportation facility with
the last mile covered
• Onsite child care up to primary school level
• Insurance for health care and parental
support system
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• Workplace safety
• Paralegal support services
• Networking and partnership with local NGOs
Water
a. Goal: To achieve a positive water balance
with zero environmental impact
b. Strategy:
• Zero discharge of toxic substances to the
environment
• Total recycling and reuse
• Efficient onsite management of water re-sources
• Integration with the larger area for impact
management
Ecological Landscaping
a. Goal: To create a landscape that is ecologi-cally
integrated with the regional environmen-tal
parameters, requiring minimal input for its
maintenance.
b. Strategy:
• Landscaping that draws predominantly on
local species
• Integrate bio resources required for pro-duction
• Integrate other functional areas, such as
farming and water management
• Aesthetic values and ecological productivity
Waste Management
a. Goal: Near zero waste generation and safe
disposal
b. Strategy:
• Maximizing reuse and recycling technologies
• Creating closed loop resource cycles
• Making productive and hygienic use of
biological waste
• Regenerative procurement and manufac-turing
processes
• Avoiding processes that lead to by-prod-ucts
that are difficult to re-use and recycle
• Zero discharge of toxic waste
Organic Farming
a. Goal: Agricultural production based on or-ganic
and sustainable farming principles inte-grated
into the landscape and site activities.
b. Strategy:
• Biodiversity (strategies such as crop rota-tion
and crop association)
• Maximum reuse of biological resources
and bio wastes (on-site composting, fer-mentation,
mulching)
• Water saving practices (by means of irriga-tion
techniques and choice of low water
demanding crops)
• User participation
• Aiming at socio-economic relevance (of
crop choice and quality)
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Park Management
a. Goal: Leadership that believes in the ALEAP
vision and ensures supportive and effective
management that is inclusive, transparent
and fair.
b. Strategy:
• To devise a management structure that al-lows
for the manifestation and evolution
of the Vision.
• Proactive long-term infrastructure and fa-cilities
planning
• Vision and Values driven recruitment pro-cesses
• Human Resources Strategy that focuses
on attraction, retention and development
of key personnel
• To explore common / shared services for
the participants in the Park
Field Visits
The project team conducted two site visits (in
April 2013 and July 2013) to gain a better un-derstanding
of the physical conditions, trans-portation
connections, access, nature of the
surrounding uses, and informal interviews
with residents from nearby villages during dif-ferent
seasons (pre-monsoon and monsoon).
Based on these field visits, a detailed set of
observations and queries were shared with
the project holders.
Data Collection, Mapping and Analysis
In order to make the guidelines as site specific
as possible, detailed data requirements were
sent to the client team early on in the project
(Refer Annexure). However, the quality of data
that was received was found to be highly inac-curate
and not to the level of detail that was
needed to justify proposing sound recommen-dations
at the site level.
Following data collection, a detailed mapping
exercise was conducted to analyse the vari-ous
contextual relationships of the site with
its surroundings. Historic evolution of the site
and its surroundings, regional transportation
connections and its position within the larger
Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Au-thority
area were also analysed to better un-derstand
the dynamics between the site and
it’s surrounding. (Refer Annexure)
After the mapping exercise, a detailed analy-sis
in the following elements was conducted
using a SWOT Analysis method (Strengths,
Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats)
• Regional Context
• Regulatory Context
• Existing Conditions- Physical + Environ-mental
Context
• Proposed Industry / Development Mix
• Proposed Site Plan Analysis
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• Infrastructure Analysis
• Management / O&M / Financing Consider-ations
Establishing Boundary Conditions
Taking the data reliability and accuracy is-sues
into consideration and the preliminary
analysis conducted earlier, the project team
engaged in establishing boundary conditions
for the site that served as assumptions, limi-tations
and “guesstimates” for developing the
guidelines for the project.
• Socio Economic factors
- Size of workforce in Industry
- Movement of traffic in the Park
• Management factors
- Number and type of industry
- Service requirement
• Environmental factors
- Water requirement
- Waste water discharge
- Waste output
- Renewable energy supply and demand
These were formulated using data shared by
ALEAP, previous experience of the consultants
in similar areas of work, national standards
available through journals and inline docu-ments
as well as through guestimates. The
number of industries of each toxicity level
was also limited as given below:
High level of toxicity
• E.g. Paints, dyes, solvents, pharmaceuti-cals,
etc.
• Limited to 10% of the EIP
• 15-20 plots
Medium level of toxicity
• E.g. Glass, packaging, warehousing, engi-neering,
etc.
• Limited to 20% of the EIP
• 30-40 plots
Low level of toxicity
• E.g. Herbal, food and juice, textile, etc.
• ~ 60% of the EIP
• 90-100 plots
Green industries and amenities
• E.g. Organic gardening & farming, green
areas, (vermi) composting, etc.
• At least 10% of the EIP
• 15-20 plots plus demarcated area
A summary of the Boundary Conditions is giv-en
below, and a detailed version is presented
in the Annexure to this document.
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COMPARATIVE BASE LINE FIGURES FOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
se.no items M&M ppt Aleap info anaylsis Auroville
1 plot area in m2 315,652.00 289,879.00
2 number of plots 140 69 165
3 number of 840 m2 plots 165
4 number of 1680 m2 plots
5 ground coverage inside plot 60%
6 floor space Index 1.5
7 number of enterprises 50 50
8 population in industry 12000 1746 7500
9 population in service 1500
10 population in residences 1000
11 water requirement (litres/ day) 1062000 1153000
12 sewage (litres per day) 348000 773900
13 solid waste (tons per day) 1118 174.85
14 trucks (trips per day) 283 515
15 two wheelers per day 490 3,500.00
16 four wheelers per day 177 430.00
17 energy production per day 6.58 MW
18 energy consumption per annum 6.58 MW
Table 2.1
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Phase II: Formulating Guiding Framework
In Phase II of the planning process, learnings
from the previous phases with respect to proj-ect
objectives, vision statements, stakeholder
meetings, site observations, data findings
and established site boundaries were col-lated
and shared with the various functional
area experts to draft a set a guidelines that
could be used as overarching principles in
developing master planning alternatives, de-sign
solutions and implementation strategies
in the final phases. The following section dis-cusses
briefly the topics covered in the func-tional
guidelines with the actual guidelines
presented in Chapters 3 and 4.
Purpose and Content of the Guidelines
The guidelines aimed at providing an integrat-ed
set of principles and measures to guide
the development of the Nandigama Green
Industrial Park project. These guidelines are
an important tool that the project architects
(Murthy & Manyam) and project holders (ALE-AP)
were requested to follow while finalizing
the site master plan with a goal of aligning it
with the principles of developing ‘green’ in-dustries.
Guidelines were formulated in the following
areas that were applicable at the site-level:
1. Master Planning
2. Site Layout
3. Mobility
4. Open Space Management
5. Building Envelope Design
6. Waste Water Management
7. Surface Water Management
8. Solid Waste Management
9. Ecological Landscaping
10. Organic Farming
11. Energy
12. Management
Furthermore, functional guidelines for de-tailed
design of physical elements were also
proposed for the following topics:
1. Amenities
2. Plot-level buildings
3. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
4. Fencing
5. Management Guidelines
6. Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment
7. Signage
8. Wastewater Treatment
9. Tenant Guidelines
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Phase III: Planning and Design Strategies
Based on the functional guidelines, the proj-ect
team was also involved in reviewing the
Master Plan proposed by the architects and
in providing technical input for incorporat-ing
sustainable development into the final
design. The process went through several it-erations
and involved design “charettes” or
workshops with the project holders and the
design team.
Critique of Preliminary Master Plan
Before the Auroville Collaborative team came
on-board as technical consultants, Murthy &
Manyam, the project architects, had already
prepared a preliminary master plan for the
Nandigama site. The assembled team of ex-perts
reviewed the initial proposal by apply-ing
different layers of the functional areas
identified in the previous phases. The find-ings
of the team were shared over several
meetings with the clients and the project ar-chitects,
and the development programme
was updated accordingly. Key critiques of the
preliminary master plan were focussed on the
lack of attention given to the site’s natural
features such as the nalla and consideration
of the site’s overall drainage patterns in iden-tifying
utility infrastructure facilities. Annex-ure
G contains the critique provided for the
preliminary site plan.
Preliminary Cost Estimates
Building upon the boundary recommenda-tions
established in Phase II, as well as a re-view
of the initial development programme
and conceptual site plan, a preliminary cost
estimate was made to gauge the financial im-plications
of introducing a layer of sustainabil-ity
into the basic development programme.
The total project cost amounted to approxi-mately
INR 30 crores, as shown below in the
detailed breakdown.
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Item Amount
Building portion, fully covered, ground plus 2 Rs. 2.28 crores
Services (electrical, wiring, cabling, EMC, fire alarm, etc.) Rs. 0.75 crores
Water (Bore well, OHT, DEWATS, sewerage for irrigation, etc.) Rs. 13.32 crores
Energy (Sub station, street lighting, telecommunications, excluding RETs) Rs. 5.22 crores
Site development (security, weighbridge, etc.) Rs. 6.04 crores
Waste management Rs. 0.60 crores
Consultancy Rs. 1.70 crores
Total Rs. 29.89 crores
Cost per m2 for site development Rs. 1031
Cost per ft2 for site development Rs. 96
Table 2.2
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Master Planning Charette: Alternative Analysis
Following the initial review of the conceptual
master plan, ALEAP was successfully able to
purchase additional land parcels adjoining
the site that called for changes to the master
plan. A 2-day working charette was organ-ised
in Auroville with GIZ, Murthy & Manyam,
ALEAP and the Auroville Collaborative team to
brainstorm alternatives for accommodating
the required 165 industrial plots on the site
from an economic viability perspective while
at the same time balancing the environmental
and social goals for the project. At the end of
the visit, the design team formulated a revised
detailed development programme with a pre-ferred
development scenario. This was further
refined by Murthy & Manyam based on exist-ing
local regulations and detailed site geom-etry
and sent back to the Auroville Collabora-tive
team for review and comments. Chapters
3 and 4 contain the final recommendations
provided by the team to the client and project
architects.
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3
MASTER PLANNING
25. 3
Page 25 / 229
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Guidelines for Sustainable Development
The following guidelines provide an integrat-ed
set of principles and measures to guide
the development of a provisional master plan
for the Association of Lady Entrepreneurs at
Andhra Pradesh (ALEAP) at the Nandigama
site. These guidelines are an important tool
that the architects and ALEAP are invited to
follow when refining the existing master plan
for the site, in order to align it with the prin-ciples
of creating an eco-industrial estate.
The following have not been considered while
framing these guidelines:
1. Ground water investigations (i.e. the stra-tigraphy
report)
2. Boundaries and survey maps of the addi-tional
land which are to be integrated in
the master plan
3. Clarification on the 18 m-wide road run-ning
through the site as per the plans
shared
A tentative list of industries expected to be
included in the site consists of the following:
dyes, engineering, food and juice, glass, herb-al
products, paints and solvents, paper and
packaging, pharma and labs, textile, ware-housing.
The guidelines are presented under the fol-lowing
headers, with cross links where appli-cable:
idelines for Sustainable Development ge
• Master Planning
• Site Layout
• Mobility
• Open Space Management
• Building Envelope Design
• Waste Water Management
• Surface Water Management
• Solid Waste Management
• Ecological Landscaping
• Organic Farming
• Energy
• Management
Master Planning
Certain tests and surveys of the site and the
surrounding area are critical for master plan-ning
and design making, as well as for under-standing
the implications on project costs
early in the planning process
1. Topography
Understanding topography is essential for
MASTER PLANNING
AUROVILLE CONSULTING
AUROSERVICE
AUROVILLE BOTANICAL SERVICES
AUROVILLE COLLABORATIVE
AUROVILLE CONSULTING
AUROVILLE DESIGN CONSULTANTS
CENTER FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
ECOPRO
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
placement of buildings, planning for drainage,
and minimization of earthwork.
• Create an elevation model of the site
along with the contour map (25 cm) to un-derstand
the site’s slope characteristics
(steepness and slope length).
• Map the micro- and macro-drainage chan-nels
to produce a slope area map in or-der
to identify potential critical areas of
erosion, rainwater harvesting tanks and
ponds with percolation points.
2. Soil Testing
Sustainable water resource management,
landscape design, and land use distribution
on site are dependent on soil tests.
Conduct and obtain test results on the exist-ing
soils that show chemical/biological com-position,
percolation/drainage rates, infiltra-tion
rates, and contamination data.
3. Existing Vegetation Surveys
Minimize site disturbance. Trees and vegeta-tion
are the most fragile parts of the eco sys-tem,
and most susceptible to damage during
construction, therefore they deserve special
attention early in the planning process.
• Identify and map site vegetation during
different seasons on the site and in the
surrounding area.
• Mark significant trees and areas rich with
vegetation that need to be retained, and
resurvey the site, if not demarcated clearly.
4. Existing Land Use Surveys
Identify seasonally productive agricultural
lands in the immediate vicinity, and exist-ing
industrial developments in the adjoining
lands to better understand the impact of de-velopment
on the site and vice versa.
5. Infrastructure Assessment
Identify sources for water supply, wastewater
systems, solid waste disposal and collection
systems, sewage treatment plants, sub-sta-tions
for power.
6. Regulatory Context
• Review the by-laws and regulations to
determine the setbacks, parking require-ments,
and the required natural buffers
with shelter belt plantations for the Nalla.
• Conduct Environmental Impact Assess-ment
(EIA) studies for the site.
7. Socio-Economic Context
• Conduct a socio-economic survey of Nan-digama
and other surrounding villages to
understand the following components, at
a minimum:
• Workforce composition, availability and
skill levels for potential employment, trav-
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
el behaviour patterns of the workforce
• Site Layout
8. Develop an Integrated Land Use Strategy
• Allocate land uses on the site based on
the clustering alternatives, development
envelope and boundary conditions. Clus-tering
alternatives may include:
−− Industries based on their toxicity levels
in terms of waste generation and services
accessibility (see #9 under Site Layout be-low)
−− Shared public facilities based on vis-ibility
and access to visitors and users (see
#10 under Site Layout below)
−− Residential uses and affordable hous-ing
for workforce (see #10 under Site Lay-out
below)
−− Education and training facilities (see
#10 under Site Layout below)
−− Utilities and services including facili-ties
for parking, water, waste, energy, tele-communications,
transport, security, recy-cling
facilities (see #10 under Site Layout
below)
−− Mixed uses, such as residential + of-fice/
industries + office
−− Open space + recreation (active and
passive)
• Preserve and improve productive agricul-tural
soil, and identify potential locations
for gardens.
• Include agro-eco-industrial units as part of
the Nandigama site.
• Allow flexibility of phased development
and future expansion through adequate
land reservation for future extension of
roads, open space and supporting facili-ties.
Plan for long-term expansion oppor-tunities
on undeveloped lands abutting
the site.
• Limit outdoor storage areas to the rear and
side areas, screened from main entrances
and streets.
• Minimize building footprint to the maxi-mum
extent possible.
• Identify activities along the site edges that
respond to the existing surrounding uses
such as the RC Cola facility and seasonal
agricultural lands (see #4 Master Planning).
9. Clustering industries based on toxicity lev-els
of waste generated could be as follows:
• High level of toxicity - e.g. paints, dyes,
solvents, pharmaceuticals, etc.
−− Limited to 10% of the EIP
−− 15-20 plots
• Medium level of toxicity - e.g. glass, pack-aging,
warehousing, engineering, etc.
−− limited to 20% of the EIP
−− 30-40 plots
−− Low level of toxicity - e.g. herbal, food
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and juice, textile, etc.
−− ~ 60% of the EIP
−− ~ 90-100 plots
• Green industries and amenities - e.g. or-ganic
gardening and farming, green areas,
(vermi) composting, etc.
- At least 10% of the EIP
- 15-20 plots plus demarcated area
10. Consider non-industry clusters as follows
• Cluster based on need for visibility: in-clude
a business center, a space for out-door
events, and cafeteria for visitors, etc.
sited near the main entry.
• Cluster focusing on the upkeep of the park:
includes service sites for the municipal
services such as management of roads,
water, waste, energy, telecommunications,
transport, security, etc.
• Cluster requiring a silent environment: in-cludes
low-cost accommodation for the
workforce, guesthouses for visitors, train-ing
facility for vocational training pro-grams,
crèche/play school, etc.
11. Define development envelope
• Prepare a development envelope for the
site by identifying the following compo-nents:
−− Identification of buildable areas
−− Setbacks
−− Productive agricultural areas based on
soil composition
−− Buffers from natural features and other
protected areas - planting of shelter belt
for 20 mt. from the Nalla on either side is
recommended (also see #25 under Eco-logical
Landscaping)
−− dentifying protected areas
−− Topographic features
−− Existing vegetation and trees
−− Steep slopes
−− Natural drainage areas
−− Site orientation for day lighting / venti-lation
and reduction of heat islands
12. Minimize site disturbance
• Reduce limits of clearing and grading to
areas that have lower impact in terms of
hydrologic functions and avoid develop-ing
areas with high infiltration rates.
• Avoid removal/clearing of mature trees
and vegetation while laying out built-up
areas (see #3 under Master Planning).
• Minimize impervious surfaces/areas on
site.
• Maintain existing topography and associ-ate
natural drainage flows.
• Integrate storm water management drain-age
system into the overall circulation net-work
of the site in the form of location of
building sites, alignment of pathways and
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roadways, and location of open spaces
(see #21 under Surface Water Manage-ment).
• Control soil erosion, contamination and
sedimentation caused by storm water run-off
during construction phase (see #21 un-der
Surface Water Management).
• Clearly define and limit development to
the construction access route/area, stor-age
and parking areas (see #18 under
Open Space Management).
• Collect/store and protect topsoil in areas
designated for development to be re-used
for landscaping (see #18 under Open
Space Management and #23 under Eco-logical
Landscaping).
Mobility
13. Ensure Regional and Local Connectivity
• Accommodate a bus stop and a pedestri-an
access point near the main access road
providing easy access to regional bus ser-vice
based on travel behaviour patterns of
the workforce (see #7 under Master Plan-ning).
• Consider an employee shuttle service to
minimize the demand for parking on site
in order to accommodate personal vehicles
based on travel behaviour patterns of the
workforce (see #7 under Master Planning).
14. Prioritize Pedestrian and Cycling Infra-structure
• Create a hierarchy of pedestrian, vehicular
and service access roads to minimize con-flicts
between the different vehicle types
and modes of transport.
−− Principal roads should be provided by
dual two-lane standards, with each car-riage
way at least 7.30 mt in width.
−− Width on curves of radius less than
150 mt. to be at least 7.90 mt.
−− A solid landscaped median of at least
3 mt. in width should be provided.
−− The minimum width of footpaths to cater
for pedestrian flow on site should be 3.0 mt.
• Establish a shaded and inter-connected
network for pedestrians and bicycles com-posed
of trails, walkways, cycling lanes
and sidewalks, preferably along natural
drainage and slope areas.
• Provide multiple (and controlled) pedes-trian
entry points to the site allowing for
easy access for the workforce from the
surrounding villages.
• Provide secure, weather-protected bicycle
parking areas (i.e. within 200 metres of a
building) for building occupants based on
travel behaviour patterns of the workforce
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
(see #7 under Master Planning).
• Accommodate amenities that encourage
pedestrian movement, such as benches,
street trees, waste receptacles, pedestri-an-
scaled street lighting, shelter at public
areas and curb cuts for accessibility to ar-terial
and collector roads or all roads.
• Locate food and other related kiosks along
pedestrian-only zones to avoid conflicts in
movement of vehicles and people.
• Pedestrian routes should be shaded with
avenue trees of indigenous shade-pro-viding
species (see #24 under Ecological
Landscaping) interspersed with hard land-scaping,
comprising of benches, street
lighting and accessible curbs for the phys-ically
challenged, with raised pedestrian
crossing and tactile paving for the visually
challenged.
• Incorporate design features such as per-meable
pavers in pedestrian access, park-ing
and lay-abouts with storm water drain-age
provisions including bio-swales to
reduce storm water runoff (see #21 under
Surface Water Management).
15. Internal Circulation and Access Management
• Site circulation patterns must provide
more than one entry point for delivery
trucks that are accessible from the main
regional access routes.
• Provide well-defined access for emer-gency
vehicles (fire and ambulance) and
unblocked access to individual sites.Use
the planned permanent roads as the con-struction
access route (see #12 under Site
Layout).
16. Truck and Freight
• Provide service roads to relieve conges-tion
created by queuing trucks and on-site
loading and unloading, based on varied
needs of industries.
• Identify more than one entry/exit point
and parking areas for trucks, preferably
concentrated along the periphery of the
site, in order to avoid access of trucks
through the site.
• Separate employee parking from truck
routes, so that employees can access the
facility without conflicting with delivery
and receiving routes.
• Set aside sufficient land in the parking ar-eas
to allow for queuing of loaded vehicles
and empty vehicles, truck wash areas, me-chanical
bays, and weigh station queuing.
• Consider providing a fleet of non-polluting
delivery vehicles as a service to the indus-tries
for movement of goods between the
industry and truck parking area(s).
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17. Parking
• Determine the modal split (persons ar-riving
at the site by different transport
modes) based on travel behaviour pat-terns
of the workforce (see #7 under Mas-ter
Planning) in order to assess require-ments
and design of parking areas. Design
of non-freight parking spaces should give
priority to bicycles, two-wheelers, and
then four-wheelers.
• Determine maximum truck parking re-quirements
based on industry needs and
requirements stipulated in the by-laws.
Most of the maximum parking require-ments
are typically excessive and could
be adjusted by introducing well-designed
overflow parking areas.
• Minimize the size of parking facilities and
avoid large barren areas while providing
tree cover to avoid heat island effect.
• Include sustainable features such as per-meable
pavement, pedestrian connec-tions,
landscaping, trees and applicable
storm water drainage with bio-swales for
water retention systems in parking areas.
Open Space Management
18. Open spaces in the site
• Segregate and protect all planned open
spaces during infrastructure development
to prevent storage of building materials
and/or processing of materials to prevent
contamination of space.
• Design and implementation of all public
green spaces should be taken up simulta-neously
with, if not in advance of, project
implementation so that trees and shrubs
are allowed to grow to a sufficient size
before occupation (also see #23, #24 and
#25 under Ecological Landscaping).
• Construct all surface water drainage (bio-swales),
and rainwater harvesting struc-tures
before roads and other infrastructure
development is undertaken so that soil
humidity and fertility is not compromised.
• Provide for food needs within the Park
by allocating at least 50% of all public
spaces to productive landscaping. Only
indigenous species to be used for avenue
and shade trees; lawns with local grass
as ground cover to be limited to the first
year to stabilize the top soil; subsequently
natural ground cover takeover is
recommended (also see #23 under
Ecological Landscaping and #26 under
Organic farming).
• Use indigenous flowering plants for all
ornamental gardens, in the hedges and
fences to encourage and support bees,
birds and local insects to support bio-di-
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
versity of flora and fauna (see #24 under
Ecological Landscaping).
• Grow aquatic plants, fishes and water
edge vegetation in rainwater harvesting
ponds for effective mosquito control and
balance of nutrients in the water (also see
#24 under Ecological Landscaping).
• Follow the natural morphology of the site
while designing hard landscaping such as
feature walls and earth beams.Design the
boundary as a “green fence” using local
thorny shrubs that are drought resistant,
if security curcumstances allow. Minimal
hard fencing can be considered until the
shrubs take over. Tree planting along the
boundary line should respect concerns
of the neighbouring tenants in terms of
shading and roots invasion.
Building Envelope Design
19. Building layout, shape and internal func-tional
flow
• Provide for climatically suitable building
envelope shape and/or orientation for
tropical Wet-Dry climate to reduce opera-tional
energy use (also see #27 under En-ergy).
• Design all apertures for maximum sun
and rain protection in order to minimize
glare and allow the space to be used with
open windows ensuring ventilation. This
will reduce heat intake and reduce cooling
needs while modulating natural lighting
conditions.
• Integrate solar passive features such as
shading of walls, windows and roofs in
order to reduce the temperature differ-ence
between indoor & outdoor temper-atures
by 6-8oC. This will reduce or even
eliminate the need for air-conditioners be-tween
October and March (i.e. 6 months
per year).
• Use building materials and finishes that
have low VOC content and emission, low
embodied energy, minimum carbon miles,
and potential for re-use when dismantled.
• Use sustainably renewable and local
building materials that have minimum
processing and pre-treatment.
• Use solar thermal and solar PV energy on
roof tops, combined with roof shading to
reduce cooling needs (also see #27 under
Energy).
• Design spaces with multifunctional uses,
in order to derive maximum benefit for the
costs invested (lifecycle, as well as real
and monetary costs).
• Maximise sound and air pollution controls
with appropriate layout in intra-plots, to
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
reduce screening which is counter-pro-ductive
to natural light and ventilation.
Waste Water Management
20. Decentralised Effluent Treatment Plant(s)
• The size, number and location of DEWATS
plants should be determined based on
the number and type of industries, the
clustering methods used, as well as the
industrial processes employed.
• Position the Decentralised Effluent Treat-ment
Plant or Plants (DEWATS) at the low-est
elevation area to allow for maximum
gravity flow and to also avoid electrical
energy for pumping during treatment.
Treated effluent should be supplied for
secondary use as much as possible by a
gravity flow system to re-use the recuper-ated
water for horticulture and orchards.
• Employ a waste water treatment method-ology
based on the characteristics of sub-stances
that need to be addressed along
with appropriate technical solutions com-bined
with Good Ecological Practices viz.
efficient water usage, treatment of waste
water and re-use, and practices related to
solid waste management.
• Ban all toxic effluents (such as biocides,
carcinogenic substances, heavy metals,
any tenacious and non-degradable syn-thetic
substances and mineral oil prod-ucts)
from the sewer system. Treat them in
a separate and independent closed loop
treatment system within the company’s
premises, or alternatively, an expert must
be called upon for advice on manufactur-ing
processes that can replace toxic with
non-toxic substances.
• Establish a waste water exchange plat-form
during the planning phase for the
ETP, to allow for a symbiotic neutralization
of opposite characteristics in waste water:
e.g. acidic and alkaline effluents (pH regu-lation),
hot and cold effluents, or effluent
with high BOD but low COD and vice versa.
There are also known effluents that can
be used as flocculants or pH regulators.
Industry clustering and plot allocation
should be done with due consideration
(also see #8, #9 and #10 under Site Layout).
• Install two separate water distribution sys-tems,
one for drinking water supply, and
the second one for the re-use of recycled
water for flushing and process water.
Surface Water Management
21. Surface water management
Surface water management takes into consid-
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
eration the rainfall distribution pattern, water
harvesting in various forms for the re-charge
of the aquifer, through inter-connected open
water bodies, swales, holding tanks and pits.
• Manage different streams of rainwater
separately viz. Rainwater from building
roofs, terraces, paved areas and parking
should be handled separately from rain-water
from natural streams and gullies.
• Conduct a water audit at concept design
and pre-tender stage to better understand
on-site water requirements.
• Provide all industries with a list of water
efficient fixtures along with retail outlets
and price lists; minimize indoor water us-age
by using low flow water fixtures.
• Plant only drought resistant flora and veg-etation,
and prevent any use of potable
water for landscaping. Indigenous plants
such as Vetiver should be planted in areas
which are at risk of soil erosion, especially
in and around gullies and trenches, to al-low
an active soil flora to act as bio media
filter (also see #24 under Ecological Land-scaping).
• Prevent pollution of the aquifer by using
safety zones around infiltration devices
(30mt), sand filtration and first flush de-vices
that are integrated into the rainwater
harvesting infrastructure.
• Avoid roofing materials with zinc-plated
steel, in order to avoid zinc dissolving
with rainwater and entering the rainwater
stream. Use observation wells and water
gauges in all open ponds to evaluate the
performance of the rainwater harvesting
system, and to calculate the Water Bal-ance
(the balance between water con-sumed
and water recharged). Frequent
water analysis will indicate pollution, and/
or scope for improvement.
Solid Waste Management
22. Solid waste management
• Differentiate the waste generated based
on the clustering model employed (see
#8, #9, #10 under Site Layout).
• Prepare a waste stream analysis at concept
design and pre-tender stage, and map the
potential for cycling and re-use of waste
(both on site and with external areas).
• Segregate waste within each plot to the
maximum extent possible:
−− Bio-degradable waste generated by
non-industrial processes should be com-posted
on site before transfer to external
areas.
−− Non-biodegradable waste such as pa-per,
plastic, metals and glass should be
segregated, and stored within the site in
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
a demarcated space that is dry and well-ventilated
for collection.
−− Sanitary waste (without plastic com-ponents)
should be segreated for inciner-ation
at a cluster level. A low-tech inciner-ator
should be commissioned, preferably
next to the solid waste sorting and stor-age
facility.
−− Toxic and hazardous waste should be
stored in safe containers within the site
for collection and disposal.
−− Coordinate disposal of bio-medical
waste (for instance from the health center
and first-aid stations), by linking with rele-vant
agencies for collection and disposal.
• Determine the location of waste collection
centers based on the number and type of
industries, as well as the industrial pro-cesses
employed, and waste generated.
• Identify and partner with the local collec-tion/
recycling agencies for waste collec-tion
and disposal. In the absence of such
an agency, relevant micro-enterprises
should be established that also provide a
means of income generation.
Ecological Landscaping
23. Soil and topography
• Give significant inputs to the soil initially
to establish organic farming and garden-ing
plots. In due course, with the estab-lishment
of a perennial green cover, these
inputs will be necessary only to maintain
the productivity of organic agriculture.
• Give special consideration to the topogra-phy
of the land whilst preparing the master
plan. Plots and roads should be levelled
in a manner that deals with the potential
erosion and subsequent sedimentation
loads in the rainwater runoff (also see #21
under Surface Water Management).
• Scrape the topsoil from areas where devel-opment
will occur, and relocate to green -
landscape or farming areas. The value of
good topsoil and the importance of con-serving
it cannot be stressed enough.
• Create a water budget for each plot tak-ing
into account the estimated output of
the STP, along with a sustainable yield
diagnostic of the site ground water. This
budget, presented as budget for virgin
and recycled water, should be allocated
for industrial needs, with the remainder
being available for agriculture and land-scaping
(also see #21 under Surface Water
Management).
• Flag particular niches that need special
attention within the Master Plan, so that
specific plants can be recommended by a
landscaping expert for those areas.
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
• Install a green shelter belt around the site
to enhance the environment of the project
(also see #18 under Open Space Manage-ment).
24. Plant species
• List choices of plant species for landscap-ing
within categories such as avenue
trees, shade trees, shelterbelt shrubs/
trees, hedging plants, flowering borders
and ground covers.
• Use plants that add value as follows:
Native plant species that make a positive
contribution to bio diversity conservation,
particularly with reference to pollinators.
Increase awareness of tenants to the ben-efits
of biodiversity, instilling in them a
sensitivity to conservation of biodiversity
−− Drought tolerant species that will re-duce
the use of water resources
−− Plants that have commercial potential
in the preparation of herbal products
−− Pest tolerant species that do not re-quire
toxic chemicals to control them. The
maintenance program must have a clear
reference to pest control, and plant feed-ing
through organic principles. Use of
standard plant species will lead to pest
problems in the future, and require toxic
chemicals to control them which must be
avoided.
25. Nalla
• Make the Nalla the focal landscape point;
it presents opportunities for recreation, in
a similar manner as the presently proposed
“green spine”, as well as for implementing
best practices in water conservation.
• Increase the landholding along the Nalla,
and/or obtain legal control of the land as-sociated
with the Nalla if possible.
Organic Farming
26. On-site activities
• Consider the following activities on site:
−− Develop a few organic gardens that
are ornamental as well as productive in
edible crops and medicinal herbs.
−− Make compost from bio-waste (kitch-en
waste, food waste, from gardening,
from food and herb processing).
−− Prepare mulch from leaf litter.
−− Prepare terra preta from biochar (ex-ternally
purchased), bio-waste and urine.
• Do not use herbicides (such as Roundup
and Glyphosate), pesticides, fungicides
etc. on the site, as well as in and around
the buildings (e.g. against cockroaches,
flies, termites etc.)
• Catch rainwater by allowing surface water
to run off and by collecting it in a few ap-
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
propriate sites from where it can percolate
into the aquifer or be used for irrigation.
Initially, “bunding” or dyking are not rec-ommended,
since the soils are rich in clay,
and it may lead to water logging and an-aerobic
soil conditions (also see #21 un-der
Surface Water Management).
• Dispose urine through sub-surface drain-ages
into the garden soil, thereby avoid-ing
costs related to storage and disposal.
• Partner with an experienced local NGO
(such as the Deccan Development Society
or CSA) for educational programs on site
management and organic farming.
Energy
27. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
• Summarize relevant State and National
policies for grid connected energy sys-tems,
and subsidies available for Renew-able
Energy Technologies.
• Conduct a virtual energy audit and pre-pare
a baseline for electrical load and
energy consumption at concept and pre-tender
stage.
• Conduct site assessment with regards to
renewable energy technologies (solar,
wind, biogas etc) and determine on-site
Renewable Energy Capacity.
• Plan for energy production on rooftops
and other underutilized areas to cover at
least all non-process energy requirements
using renewable energy.
• Recommend roof typologies that sup-port
grid tied Solar PV and Solar Thermal
installations. Slanted roofs should be at
17¬0 angle and south-facing for optimal
capture of solar radiation.
• Provide all industries with an on-line di-rectory
of Bureau of Energy Efficiency
(BEE) rated appliances with retail outlets
and price lists. Advocate only low power
density and energy-efficient appliances.
• Plan and design facilities considering
electrical wiring needs for Renewable En-ergy
technologies.
• Light all open spaces using centralized,
grid-tied Solar PV Streetlights to minimize
operations and maintenance costs.
• Focus on energy efficient transmission
and distribution systems.
Management
28. Facilities and revenue generation
• Provide service lanes for trucks and heavy
duty vehicles to freely enter and exit each
industrial plot. Consider more than one
entry point (especially service entries for
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
trucks), as well as more than one truck
parking bay, since different industries will
have different transport requirements for
raw materials and finished products (also
see #15 and #16 under Mobility).
• Demarcate an admin block for park man-agement,
common services, a residential
block and public toilets clearly on the
Master Plan.
• Allow for the cycling of waste resources
within the Park, and to external areas as
well. Sale of waste/by-products can be-come
a source of revenue for the Park.
This includes and is not limited to: sale of
scrap metal, sale of paper and plastic to
local vendors, sale/exchange of waste wa-ter
with surrounding agricultural land for
organic produce, etc.
• Make provisions for the following services
(and associated revenue generation mod-els)
as municipal services (costs borne by
the Park), common services (provided by the
park at nominal cost) and collective services
(provided as micro entrepreneurships).
1. Accommodation for workers/visitors
2. Business centre/Exhibition hall
3. Canteens for workers
4. Common security services
5. Common toilets
6. Conference rooms
7. Fire station
8. Garage / mechanics for trucks, two
wheelers
9. Information desk
10. Medical clinic/first aid/health center
11. Optical fiber communications
12. Park & space for outdoor functions
13. Training centre
14. Warehousing / centralized packing
and dispatching unit
15. Waste collection
• Encourage micro-entrepreneurship amongst
the entrepreneurs, some of which are given
below for future reference:
1. Bank/ATM
2. Biogas plant
3. Composting unit
4. Day care / crèche
5. Human resource, financial and ac-counting
services
6. Gardening and landscaping services
7. Grocery shop (fair price)
8. Handmade paper unit
9. Horticulture/floriculture/Terra preta
10. Internet centre
11. Kiosks
12. Legal advisory services
13. Medical clinic/first aid/health center
14. Outdoor functions/event venue
15. Pharmacy
16. Post office, courier services, printing
and DTP services
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
17. Residential block for visitors
18. Restaurants and cafeterias
19. Solar energy through roof top renting
20. Sports club
21. Stationery shop
22. STD telephone booth
23. Supermarket
29. Green rating
• Plan in accordance with the following rat-ing
systems for the site:
−− LEED 2011 Certification for India-Core
& Shell, provided ALEAP controls the de-sign
and construction of the entire core
and shell base building including MEP/FP
systems, and hands over control of the de-sign
and construction of the tenant fit-out.
−− IGBC Green Factory Building rating
system for the individual factories.
−− IGBC Green Landscape rating system
for ecological landscaping.
• Conduct an Environmental Impact Assess-ment
for the site as well as EcoSystem
Services Study for evaluating the develop-mental
impact on the environment.
• Commission a comprehensive Environ-mental
Monitoring Data Management Sys-tem
that provides a central unified dash-board
for managing all data. Publish the
results of the monitoring system in a clear
and transparent manner.
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
4
FUNCTIONAL AREAS
41. 4.1
Page 41 / 229
GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
AMENITIES
Guidelines For Provision Of Amenities In Pub-lic
Spaces
Provision of Amenities for public spaces within
an industrial park is dependent on the following
a. The size of the industrial park i.e; land area
and population
b. The Location of the iIndustrial park, the de-velopment
model and the impact on the region
c. The type of industries, profile of the employ-ees
and the activities undertaken
d. The type of services provided to the users of
the industrial park and co-development with
sharing of amenities within the region
The following guidelines provide an integrated
set of principles and measures to guide the pro-vision
of amenities for the Green Industrial Park
for the Association of Lady Entrepreneurs at
Andhra Pradesh (ALEAP) at the Nandigama site.
Basic Amenities
The basic amenities to be provided are:
1. Parking
2. Public toilets
3. Banks and ATMs
4. Emergency services
1. Parking: Safe and convenient parking
should be juxtaposed between the working
areas and the basic amenities. This will ensure
that people walk to the amenities during their
rest time rather than drive to use the ameni-ties,
thereby reducing traffic. If parking is far
from the basic amenities, then either they will
be underutilized, or they will only be used by
persons who have personal vehicles.
2. Public toilets: All the plots with the industri-al
units should provide toilets and rest rooms
with lockers for their employees and vendors.
At an overall site level, provision of toilets is
essential to meet the needs of visitors. Toilets
must be located in relation to the clustering of
plots to allow for easy access. Location should
ensure that they are visible from street cross-ings
and lanes, with no dead spaces around
them in order to prevent misuse of the space
with littering, dumping and loitering. The pho-tograph
shows a public toilet using bamboo and
recycled wood located along cycling tracks.
AUROVILLE DESIGN
CONSULTANTS
42. Page 42 / 229
GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
Figure 4.1.1
43. Page 43 / 229
GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
3. Banks and ATM’s: They should be provid-ed
in centrally located spaces. Ideally these
should be clustered with allied amenities such
as shops, pharmacies, club house, sports fa-cilities
and housing. The photograph shows a
bank ATM clustered with the parking lot .
4. Emergency services: Primary health servic-es,
fire tender and emergency response sys-tems
should be provided at nodal points
Secondary Amenities
The list of secondary amenities to be provided
are:
1. Crèches
2. Paramedic centre
3. Counselling services
4. Micro financing
Figure 4.1.2
Figure 4.1.3
1. Crèches: Day care centres and nursing moth-ers
care rooms should be centrally located,
thereby allowing easy access. There should be
open spaces attached to these amenities to
accommodate a toddler’s playground. These
amenities should have their own toilets, wash
areas and small pantry so that meals for the
children can be prepared. The surrounding
areas should be quiet and safe, with proper
fencing to prevent children from wandering
out. The photograph shows a day care centre
that is secure
Figure 4.1.4
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
2. Paramedic centre: This is ideally located
near the cluster of ATM / Bank and emergency
services. There should be a clear signage, and
easy access for ambulances. It can be coupled
with a pharmaceutical.
3. Counselling services: This service for trauma
and emotional needs should be incorporated in
the park. It should cater to diverse socio-economic
groups and hence be designed accordingly.
4. Micro financing: This service with a banking
centre and financial counselling should be
provided to help under-educated employees to
open bank accounts and manage their savings.
General Amenities
The general amenities to be provided are:
1. Food services and kiosks
2. Convention centre
3. Indoor fitness centre
4. Guesthouse and dormitories
5. Exhibition and marketing centre
6. Delivery services
Figure 4.1.5
1. Food services to be provided for beverages,
refreshments, snacks, fast food, meals and
take away. These can include
• Food kiosks (with pavement seating) at
cluster level providing hot and cold bever-ages,
snacks for quick breaks
• Canteens that provide subsidized meals
• Restaurants / cafeterias attached to the
convention centre, recreational facilities,
guest houses and dormitories
• Shaded picnic areas with tables and
benches located close to the food kiosks
Figure 4.1.6
Figure 4.1.7
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
2. Convention centre with meeting rooms for
common use. The centre should be located
close to the green space, to allow for spill over
during exhibitions. The green spaces could be
used for stalls. The convention centre should
accommodate 250+ participants, and the
meeting rooms should be in 2 to 3 sizes to
accommodate different sized groups. An incu-bation
centre can also be provided with labs
for innovation, prototyping and benchmarking
of new products, systems and services. The
photograph shows a convention centre as an
iconic green building with green roofs, natu-ral
lighting and ventilation. A business centre,
guest house and short terms stay rooms could
be provided within the convention centre to
accommodate the needs of visitors to the centre
3. Indoor fitness centre could be coupled either
with the convention centre or the restaurant /
recreation centre. Walking and jogging tracks
could be provided along the peripheral roads
that are essential for emergency vehicle
access
4. Guest houses and dormitories are needed
for overnight stay from price range of 1 to 3
stars. The restaurant / cafeteria, fitness centre,
library and business centre can be clustered
together as the user profile for most of these ac-tivates
may be generated by the visitors.
Figure 4.1.8
Figure 4.1.9
5. Exhibition and marketing centre could
be combined with the visitor’s information
centre. It should be located close to the main
entrance to allow for maximum foot fall. Space
can also be rented to agencies who would like
to inform, promote and market their goods
and services to the industrial units.
6. Delivery services such as a post office, cou-rier
offices and overnight delivery services
should be provided at various points on the
site to enable efficient pick up and drop off
between the industrial units and the service
provider. They need to be wired with security
devices such as CCTV’s to prevent damage
and pilferages
Figure 4.1.10
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
References
http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/
h t t p : / / w w w . g o o g l e . c o . i n /
imgres?imgurl=http://templeuabroad.files.
wordpress.com/
http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/
mumbai/
http://www.thestar.com/life/food_
http://sae.edu.au/campuses/byron-bay/
http://www.sustainabilitysolutions.ca/
http://www.google.co.in/imgres?
http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=
47. 4.2
Page 47 / 229
GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
BUILDING
GUIDELINES
Guidelines For Plot Level Building
ALEAP project at Nandigama is planned to
showcase and benchmark sustainable indus-trial
development. Each aspect of the park is
expected to have full consideration of meth-ods
of construction, site layout and building
design to encourage conservation of natural
resources during the construction phase and
for the life of the building.
The following guidelines provide an integrat-ed
set of principles and measures to guide
the design and construction of buildings at
plot level for the Green Industrial Park for the
Association of Lady Entrepreneurs at Andhra
Pradesh (ALEAP) at the Nandigama site. They
seek to embody sustainable development
principles through practical application.
Chapter Contents
Climate data
Plot level zoning
Building
Building design and articulation
Building orientation
Building envelope
Roof form and orientation
Rain water harvesting and collection
Renewable energy and energy efficiency
Renewable energy and energy efficiency
Waste management
Building functionality
Zoning
Circulation and work flow
Amenities / facilities
Accessibility
Building materials and technology
Table 4.2.1
Climate data
Climate plays an important role in determin-ing
the design and construction of buildings.
Climate data for the region is given in the fol-lowing
graphs/tables:
AUROVILLE DESIGN
CONSULTANTS
48. Page 48 / 229
GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
Figure 4.2.1
Source: NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center; New et al. 2002
Table 4.2.2
49. Page 49 / 229
GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
Rain fall pattern Direction / time period / quantity Jul/Aug - up to 400-450 mm / month
Temperature Maximum / minimum Apr/May - 42ᵒC
Dec - 15ᵒC
Temperature Diurnal temperature variation /
maximum + minimum - seasonal
with time period
March - 14ᵒC
Aug 8.25ᵒC
Relative humidity Max / minimum Jan - 56% / Apr - 35% / Jul - 70% /
Oct - 75%
Wind Speeds / direction / extreme
weather occurrence + frequency
Avg. max. wind – 4.5m/s
Min. wind – 3.5 m/s
with cyclonic storms in
the bay bringing down
trees
Sunshine Hours / cloudy days Avg. - 5.22 kwh/m² /day
Max (Apr) - 6.7 kwh/
m²/day
Table 4.2.3
Figure 4.2.2
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
Plot level zoning
Plot orientation: This gives the angle of inci-dence
most of the plots on the site vis a vis
the North to evaluate the optimum orientation
for climatic comfort.
Figure 4.2.3
Figure 4.2.4
Main plot orientation: Most of the plots of. the
proposed layout follow this orient ation i.e.
30° to the North.
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
Figure 4.2.5
Incidental plot orientation: Some of the plots
have an angle of incidence between 9.7° to
19.4° N.
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
Distance from electric lines:
No veranda, balcony or like shall be allowed
to be erected or any additions or alterations
made to any building within the distance be-tween
the building and any overhead electric
supply line as indicated below.
Vertically: Horizontally:
a) Low and medium voltage 2.4
1.2 meters
meters
b) High voltage lines up to 3.7
meters.
1.8 meters
c) Extra high voltage lines 3.7 +
0.305 meters
for every additional 33,000 volts
1.8 + 0.305 meters
for every additional
33,000 volts
Means of access:
No building shall be erected so as to deprive
any other building of the means of access.
Abutting plots should share a common load-ing
and unloading dock.
Plot level recommended development controls:
Plot size Ground cover
in %
Ground cover
in meters
Maximum
FAR
1. 836m² 50 % 418m² 1.5
2. 704m² 45% 317m² 1.3
Table 4.2.4
Table 4.2.5
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Built-up area:
Figure 4.2.6
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Recommended setbacks within the plots:
Plot size Front Side (non-abutting ) Back
1. 836m² 5.00m 5.00m 6.00m
2. 704m² 5.00m 5.00m 6.00m
Emergency access:
All the plots should have access for emer-gency
vehicles like fire tender, ambulance
and cranes. No point of the building should
be more than 10 meters from the emergency
access. All the buildings that are more than
one floor should have fire escapes and extin-guishers.
Planting and landscaping:
1. Peripheral tree plantation should be pro-vided
in the front, side and back of the plot
with evergreen trees to shade the building
and open areas, to prevent heat island ef-fect,
with a minimum of 1 tree per 100m².
2. Trees with high canopies and low growing
shrubs should be adequately spaced and
located within the front setback to allow
views into and from the site. Landscape
elements shall be less than 900mm or
above 2000mm in height. Mature trees
are to be pruned clear to a minimum of
1800mm above ground level.
3. Landscape in the vicinity of the crossover
into the site should be designed in a man-ner
that preserves the sightlines for ve-hicles.
4. Only low flow and trickle irrigation will be
permitted for the irrigation of landscaped
areas and these could also be connected
to timers to ensure that the irrigation is
done early morning or after sunset to en-sure
least evaporative loss.
5. Each industrial plot should be made re-sponsible
for the road frontage space to
the plot. They should maintain the road
side avenue plantation, irrigation, control
of vandalism and litter management. This
will ensure quality of public spaces.
6. No storm water from the plot or building
should be discharged into the street storm
water system. Minimum 20% of the plot
has to be permeable to percolate storm
water. Additional systems for storm water
percolation such as wells may be required.
Refer to guidelines on the same.
7. Grey water and black water should have
separate systems at building level. Grey
water is to be reused at plot level for toilet
flushing and landscaping. Refer to guide-lines
on waste water management.
8. Each site requires adequate garbage and
recycling areas. Solid waste is to be segre-gated
by category and material.
Table 4.2.6
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Building
Building design and articulation
1. Development shall be articulated to con-tribute
to the streetscape. Buildings are to
be provided with street façades that:
• Incorporate a variety of building mate-rials
• Include variation in depth (i.e. projec-tions,
recesses, eave overhangs etc.)
• Avoid large expanses of blank walls.
2. Entrance points to buildings are encour-aged
to be designed as focus points.
Building entries are to be enhanced by
landscape design and be clearly lit at
night.
3. Representative components such as of-fice
and sign-in areas are to be designed
to face the primary street and act as fo-cus
points. Any such representative com-ponents
must include a building element
such as a veranda, canopy or colonnade,
with a minimum depth of 2.0 metres, fac-ing
the public street.
4. Large expanses of highly reflective build-ing
materials and mirror glass windows
shall be avoided to prevent heat and glare
impacts on the adjacent public streets
and properties.
5. Side and back walls are to include open-ings
(such as windows, clerestory win-dows,
doors, rolling shutters, wall vents
etc.) in order to promote cross ventilation.
6. Materials used for the construction of
walls near boundaries shall be rendered
or painted and fully integrated into the
building design.
Building orientation
Site layout and building design should:
1. Minimise the length of any East and West
facing façades wherever possible to avoid
heat gain.
2. Provide adequate shading and protection
from direct summer sun.
3. Maximise natural cross flow ventilation by
providing intake air windows at the work-ing
level (desk / floor) and exhaust at roof
levels. The building is to be designed to
take advantage of the prevailing winds
which are North-Easterly in winter and
South, South-East in summer.
4. External lighting shall be contained within
the site and not directed beyond the plot
boundary in order to minimise adverse
impacts on adjoining properties and pass-ing
motorists.
Building envelope
1. Provide for climatically suitable building
envelope shape and/or orientation for
tropical composite to dry climate to re-
Figure 4.2.7
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
potential for re-use when dismantled.
7. Use sustainably renewable and local
building materials that have minimum
processing and pre-treatment.
8. Use solar thermal and photo voltaic pan-els
on roof tops, combined with roof shad-ing
to reduce cooling needs. Refer guide-lines
on energy.
Roof form and orientation
1. Glazing on East and West façades should
be avoided or minimized with the excep-tion
of street facing façades which shall be
appropriately shaded or treated to avoid
solar glare.
2. External shading devices (overhangs, aw-nings,
shutters and directional louvers)
are encouraged for all North, South, West
and East facing openings.
3. Internal lighting should be achieved pri-marily
through natural daylight using
light shelves to provide glare free, indi-rect
lighting, as the local sunlight tends to
be harsh with glare. Also, allowing direct
penetration of sunlight into the buildings
results in heating of internal spaces.
4. Ventilation: Windows and/or roof vents
are to be provided at all levels within the
building to ensure cross ventilation and
heat purging. Extractor fans at the roof
level vent the hot air under the roof. This
duce operational energy use. Refer guide-lines
on energy.
2. Design all apertures for maximum sun and
rain protection in order to minimize glare
and allow the space to be used with open
windows, ensuring ventilation. This will re-duce
heat intake and cooling needs while
modulating natural lighting conditions.
3. Integrate solar passive features such as
shading of walls, windows and roofs in
order to reduce the temperature differ-ence
between indoor & outdoor temper-atures
by 6-8oC. This will reduce or even
eliminate the need for air-conditioners be-tween
October and March (i.e. 6 months
per year). Roof insulation with green roofs
and shading with roof top photovoltaic
panels will reduce the heating of internal
spaces considerably.
4. Design spaces with multifunctional uses
in order to derive maximum benefit for the
costs invested i.e. life cycle cost as well as
real and monetary costs.
5. Maximize sound and air pollution controls
with appropriate layouts in intra-plots and
hence reduce screening which is counter-productive
to natural light and ventilation.
6. Use building materials and finishes that
have low Volatile Organic Compound
(VOC) content and emission, low embod-ied
energy, minimum carbon miles and
Sun path between equinox and
summer / winter for the latitude of
Nandigama
Figure 4.2.8
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
helps to increase the air flow velocity within
the room, venting the hot air and drawing
in the cool night air. To ensure the extractor
fans work efficiently, there should be provi-sion
Figure 4.2.9
of floor level ventilators, positioned for
cross ventilation, which are left open in the
night.
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Figure 4.2.10
Figure 4.2.11
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Figure 4.2.12
Figure 4.2.13
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Figure 4.2.14
Figure 4.2.15 Rain water harvesting and collection Figure 4.2.16
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Green Roof Types:
Figure 4.2.17
The following criteria can be used to characterize three different forms of green roofs:
Item Extensive Green Roof Semi-Intensive Green Roof Intensive Green Roof
Maintenance Low Periodically High
Irrigation No Periodically Regularly
Plant communities Moss-Sedum-Herbs and
Grasses
Grass-Herbs and Shrubs Lawn or Perennials, Shrubs
and Trees
System build-up height 60 - 200 mm 120 - 250 mm 150 - 400 mm on under-ground
garages > 1000 mm
Weight 60 - 150 kg/m2
13 -30 lb/sqft
120 - 200 kg/m2
25 - 40 lb/sqft
180 - 500 kg/m2
35 - 100 lb/sqft
Costs Low Middle High
Use Ecological protection layer Designed Green Roof Park like garden
Table 4.2.7
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Green roofs can also be combined with photo
voltaic cells. The roof top hence becomes a
source of renewable energy and at the same
time provides shade to the roof to minimize
heating, thereby reducing cooling loads. Refer
images below.
Figure 4.2.18
Figure 4.2.19
Figure 4.2.20
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
Renewable energy and energy efficiency
Buildings should maximize energy efficiency
through measures such as insulation and low
embodied energy building materials.
1. Use high efficiency light systems.
2. All toilet and unfrequented areas should
be fitted only with motion sensors lights.
3. For external lighting, high efficiency sys-tems
(e.g. T5 Triphosphor Fluorescent,
motion sensors, timed clock and/or photo
sensitive cells to control operation hours)
are encouraged.
4. Provision of solar hot water systems (mini-mum
4 star rating) for all buildings that re-quire
hot water facility.
5. Consider the use of solar cell technology
to supply some portion of the power for
the buildings.
6. Developments shall incorporate 4 star
cooling/heating systems and water saving
shower heads, taps and dual flush toilets.
Waste management
To ensure proper manage of waste the follow-ing
measures must be considered.
1. Arrange for sufficient space for short term
storage of separated waste items such as
a) biodegradable or compostable waste,
b) paper, plastic and mixed packaging, c)
e-waste and d) industry-specific hazardous
waste. In general, such spaces should be
dry and well ventilated.
2. Arrange for easy access to waste collection
facilities.
3. For sanitary and biomedical waste
(without plastic components), consider
the construction of a small low-tech
incinerator on the plot.
4. On the allotted plot, arrange for odour free
composting of all biodegradable waste, at
least of the comparatively small quantities
generated by non-industrial processes.
5. Arrange for proper waste storage
containers with lids, protected from rains
and non-accessible to rodents and stray
animals.
6. The staff must be trained to separate
the waste items, as a minimum, into the
following categories:
• Biodegradable and compostable mat-ter
• Paper, plastics, packaging materials
and other potentially non-composta-ble
by recyclable material
• E-waste
• Industry specific, hazardous waste
• Sanitary or bio-medical waste
7. The management team and work force of
a particular industry must be educated re-
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
garding the concerns of solid waste man-agement
and conscientious management
of resources, solids, water and energy.
8. The industry management should educate
and train staff in avoiding unnecessary
and excessive packaging of brought-in
materials, in particular of goods with
compostable and non-compostable
components.
Building functionality
The design of buildings should allow for the
possibility of some alteration and flexibil-ity.
The internal layout, position of entranc-es,
staircases and methods of construction
should allow some flexibility in its use to en-hance
its life expectancy and long term value.
Zoning
Zoning inside the building with regard to
function.
Figure 4.2.21 Zoning inside the building with regard to natural light.
65. Page 65 / 229
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Figure 4.2.23
Figure 4.2.24 Circulation and work flow Figure 4.2.25 Circulation and work flow
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Amenities / facilities
Each floor should be equipped with toilets,
drinking water fountains and staff rest room.
Accessibility
All spaces within and around the plot should
be designed for accessibility for wheelchairs
and visually impaired individuals. This is ex-tension
of the accessibility standards that
would be integrated at the industrial park
level.
Building materials and technology
Building materials used should have the fol-lowing
properties:
1. Low embodied energy
2. Local availability and accessibility
3. Ease of assembly
4. Low operational energy needs
5. Suitability for the project function
6. Dismantling and recycling
Appropriate building materials should be
identified based on the following:
1. Regional and local building materials must
be chosen based on rapid renewability, haz-ardous
materials and recyclable content.
2. Analysis of traditional building methods
and typologies and their adaption to in-dustrial
building typology must be con-ducted.
3. The embodied energy in locally available
building materials taking into consider-ation
transport, processing, origin, manu-facturing
and operational energy require-ments
must be determined.
4. Building methods and technologies that
maximize climatic efficient design prin-ciples
must be identified.
5. Local human resources and skills related
to construction must be identified.
6. Building methods which use the maximum
of human resources where appropriate
must be determined.
7. Buildings should incorporate the use of
recycled and recyclable building materials
where possible.
8. Materials that are likely to contribute to
poor internal air quality such as polyure-thane
or those that may create a breathing
hazard in case of a fire must be avoided.
The following factors must be considered
when selecting materials for finishes:
1. Suitability for the use and context
2. Long term appearance of development
3. Durability
4. Environmental impacts
5. Thermal performance
All developments within a site should have
consistent use of colours, form and materials.
1. Outbuildings and ancillary installations
Figure 4.2.26
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
should be compatible with the design
theme established by the primary building.
2. The number of different building materials
to be applied on the exterior of the build-ing
should be limited, to avoid chaotic
urban building composition and achieve
legible designs.
3. The visual impact of colours, wall finish-ing
and roof cladding materials should be
considered in relation to the background
and context of the building. Generally,
more subdued and non-reflective finishes
are encouraged as they can reduce the
overall visual impact of a building.
4. Light coloured, roof and wall materials
with a solar absorbency of less than 0.35
are to be used to reduce heat gain. This in-cludes
colours such as soft and light pas-tels,
for these, under the hot / dry tropical
sun feel psychologically cooler.
5. Buildings should incorporate the use of
recycled and recyclable building materi-als
and finishes where possible, including
construction and demolishing waste.
6. The use of windows and glazing on the
street frontage is encouraged. Glazed ar-eas
are to be divided into sections to ar-ticulate
large expanses of glass and to re-inforce
horizontal lines at the built form.
Glazing should be applied with consider-ation
of solar heat impacts on internal areas.
68. 4.3
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ENERGY
Guidelines for Energy Efficiency and Renew-able
Energy
Industrial energy use is a key lever for sus-tainable
industrial development. This requires
innovative solutions, national and global, for
minimizing energy consumption, particularly
for carbon intensive sources; using resourc-es
more efficiently and improving productiv-ity
and competitiveness. In tandem with im-proving
energy efficiency, industry needs to
consider switching to energy sources which
will reduce the environmental impacts of en-ergy
use. The ALEAP project at Nandigama
is planned to showcase and benchmark sus-tainable
industrial development. In order to
achieve energy sustainability, an energy strat-egy
must be developed, allowing the indus-trial
park to be energy neutral.
This chapter summarizes some of the guiding
principles for setting up an energy strategy for
AUROVILLE CONSULTING
the Green Industrial Park for the Association
of Lady Entrepreneurs at Andhra Pradesh
(ALEAP) at the Nandigama site.
Chapter Contents
Integrated Energy Planning
STEP 1 Set Overall Energy Vision and Goals
STEP 2 Establish an energy demand baseline
STEP 3 Set Energy Benchmarks and Objectives
STEP 4 Site Assessment for RETs
STEP 5 Define Strategies to meet energy goals
STEP 6 Design an energy management system for the
Park
Specific Guidelines for Nandigama
References
Annex 1: Example of Industrial Energy Efficiency
Annex 2: Recommended Light Levels
Annex 3: Check list for setting up wind turbines
Annex 4: Typical Diagram of a Grid-Connected Solar
PV System
Table 4.3.1
Integrated Energy Planning
Integrated Energy Planning (IEP) translates
the principles of the Energy Pyramid into a
process for implementing a more sustainably
integrated management system for industrial
parks and campuses. The objective of IEP is
to decide how to meet energy service needs
in the most efficient and socially beneficial
manner, keeping control of the economic costs.
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
It also allows for consideration of substitution
of energy carriers, e.g. reducing electricity
demand through mandatory introduction of
solar water heating or fuel switching away
from imported oil (Sustainable Energy Briefing
4: Integrated Energy Planning, 2005).
The foundation of planning begins with a
comprehensive description of the whole en-ergy
systems within the boundary conditions
defined by the park allowing developing of
energy baselines, forecasting and scenarios
to deliver certain services within the industrial
zones; and then identify a mix of appropriate
sources and forms of energy to meet these
energy service needs in the most efficient and
socially beneficial manner.
Key requirements for a meaningful integrated
energy planning are the accessibility of data
regarding the industries process and non-process
energy demand, the inclusion of
appropriate supply - as well as demand side
solutions with focus on energy conservation
and efficiency and low-carbon intense
technologies, financial viability and social
acceptance of proposed solutions and the
support of the park management.
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
Step Item Comments
STEP 1 Set overall Energy Vision and Goals for the Park
STEP 2 Establish a baseline and energy demand and
forecasting scenarios
Process Energy , Non-Process Energy
STEP 3 Set measurable energy benchmarks for the parks
energy management
Energy Efficiency Goals: , RET Goals,
Economic Goals, Environmental Goals
STEP 4 Site Assessment for Renewable Energy Technolo-gies
STEP 5 Define strategies to meet energy goals Action plan for energy conservation and
efficiency (ECE), Action plan for Renew-able
Energy Technology
STEP 6 Design energy management system for the park
STEP 1 Set Overall Energy Vision and Goals
The vision is the starting point to set objec-tives
and plan actions. The vision should be
inspiring and far-reaching and can be a simple
statement. The vision statement can be elab-orated
with a set of stand-alone goals such as
reducing energy demand by 30 percent by a
certain year for a certain process. Goals pro-vide
a long-term reference for all planning
processes hence it is important that they are
formulated in a collaborative process with all
stakeholders.
STEP 2 Establish an energy demand baseline
Industrial energy use is a key lever for sus-tainable
industrial development. This requires
innovative solutions, national and global, for
minimizing energy consumption, particularly
for carbon intensive sources; using resources
more efficiently and improving productivity
and competitiveness. In tandem with improv-ing
energy efficiency, industry needs to con-sider
switching to energy sources which will
reduce the environmental impacts of energy
use.
Acquiring reliable information on the energy
performance of the industries and the facilities
Table 4.3.2 Steps for Integrated Energy Planning
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GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
to be established in the industrial park is the
first step towards the development of a base-line.
Distinctions need to be made between
process and non-process energy consump-tion.
Too often it is seen that the industries are
very reluctant to provide such information or
do not have adequate data to produce a clear
picture of their energy consumption. In such
cases national average or international aver-age
data should be used.
STEP 3 Set Energy Benchmarks and Objectives
Benchmarking is the process of comparing
cost, cycle time, productivity or quality of a
specific process or method to another that is
widely considered to be an industry standard
or best practice (Ecocare International Ltd. ,
2013). Benchmarking is most used to measure
performance using a specific indicator such
as the Energy Use Index (EUI) resulting in a
metric of performance that is then compared
to others. A commonly used EUI for facilities
such as buildings is the annual energy use
normalized with floor area. Other indicators
such as Specific Energy Consumption in
energy per ton of output (for manufacturers),
energy per worker (in case of office buildings)
or energy per bed (in case of hotels) may
also be used. Benchmarking curves helps to
assess the relative performance of individual
plants and help to estimate the aggregate
saving potential of an industry. For renewable
energy systems use a benchmark such as the
Prosumption Index, which is a ratio of the
renewable energy produced on site to the
total energy consumption of the Park.
Process Energy
Bureau in Energy Efficiency (BEE) has initiated
diagnostic studies to prepare cluster specific
energy efficiency manuals covering specific
energy consumption norms, energy efficient
process and technologies, best practices,
case studies, etc. Industrial energy intensity
can be reduced through technological
progress and system changes that improve
technical energy efficiency – changes that
increase output using the same amount of
energy or that delivers the same output using
less energy (UNIDO, 2011). These changes
include replacing old technologies, adopting
energy-saving technologies (preferably best
available technologies), improving processes
and optimizing systems, and employing
energy management practices.